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Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasteninstrument" title="Tasteninstrument – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tasteninstrument" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="آلة مفاتيح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلة مفاتيح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চাবিফলক বাদ্যযন্ত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চাবিফলক বাদ্যযন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Клавирен инструмент – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клавирен инструмент" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavier_(benveg-seni%C3%B1)" title="Klavier (benveg-seniñ) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Klavier (benveg-seniñ)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_de_teclat" title="Instrument de teclat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Instrument de teclat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A1vesov%C3%BD_n%C3%A1stroj" title="Klávesový nástroj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klávesový nástroj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasteinstrument" title="Tasteinstrument – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tasteinstrument" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasteninstrument" title="Tasteninstrument – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tasteninstrument" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klahvpillid" title="Klahvpillid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Klahvpillid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Πληκτροφόρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πληκτροφόρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumento_de_teclado" title="Instrumento de teclado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Instrumento de teclado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavarinstrumento" title="Klavarinstrumento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klavarinstrumento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekla-instrumentu" title="Tekla-instrumentu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tekla-instrumentu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ساز شستی‌دار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساز شستی‌دار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_%C3%A0_clavier" title="Instrument à clavier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Instrument à clavier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toetsynstrumint" title="Toetsynstrumint – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Toetsynstrumint" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uirlis_mh%C3%A9archl%C3%A1ir" title="Uirlis mhéarchláir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uirlis mhéarchláir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teclado_(instrumento_musical)" title="Teclado (instrumento musical) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teclado (instrumento musical)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EB%B0%98_%EC%95%85%EA%B8%B0" title="건반 악기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건반 악기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ստեղնաշարային գործիքներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստեղնաշարային գործիքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="कीबोर्ड उपकरण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कीबोर्ड उपकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumento_ti_teklado" title="Instrumento ti teklado – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Instrumento ti teklado" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumen_keyboard" title="Instrumen keyboard – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Instrumen keyboard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlj%C3%B3mbor%C3%B0shlj%C3%B3%C3%B0f%C3%A6ri" title="Hljómborðshljóðfæri – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hljómborðshljóðfæri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumento_a_tastiera" title="Strumento a tastiera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Strumento a tastiera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%AA" title="כלי מקלדת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלי מקלדת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_(%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_)" title="ಕೀಬೋರ್ಡ್ ವಾದ್ಯ (ಕೀಬೋರ್ಡ್ ಇನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರಮೆಂಟ್ ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೀಬೋರ್ಡ್ ವಾದ್ಯ (ಕೀಬೋರ್ಡ್ ಇನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರಮೆಂಟ್ )" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="კლავიშებიანი საკრავი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლავიშებიანი საკრავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tausti%C5%86instrumenti" title="Taustiņinstrumenti – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taustiņinstrumenti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavi%C5%A1inis_instrumentas" title="Klavišinis instrumentas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klavišinis instrumentas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumentos_de_teclas" title="Strumentos de teclas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Strumentos de teclas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billenty%C5%B1s_hangszerek" title="Billentyűs hangszerek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Billentyűs hangszerek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Клавијатурен инструмент – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клавијатурен инструмент" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="الة كيبورد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الة كيبورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toetsinstrument" title="Toetsinstrument – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toetsinstrument" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%B5%E7%9B%A4%E6%A5%BD%E5%99%A8" title="鍵盤楽器 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鍵盤楽器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangentinstrumenter" title="Tangentinstrumenter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tangentinstrumenter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangentinstrument" title="Tangentinstrument – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tangentinstrument" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavishli_musiqa_cholg%CA%BBulari" title="Klavishli musiqa cholgʻulari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Klavishli musiqa cholgʻulari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_klawiszowy" title="Instrument klawiszowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Instrument klawiszowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumento_de_teclas" title="Instrumento de teclas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Instrumento de teclas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clape" title="Clape – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clape" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatana_waqachina" title="Yatana waqachina – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yatana waqachina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Клавишные музыкальные инструменты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клавишные музыкальные инструменты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keybuird_instrument" title="Keybuird instrument – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Keybuird instrument" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Keyboard instrument" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A1vesov%C3%BD_n%C3%A1stroj" title="Klávesový nástroj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klávesový nástroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasbila_s_tipkami" title="Glasbila s tipkami – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glasbila s tipkami" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ئامێری تەختەکلیل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئامێری تەختەکلیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Инструменти са диркама – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инструменти са диркама" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosketinsoitin" title="Kosketinsoitin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kosketinsoitin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaverinstrument" title="Klaverinstrument – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klaverinstrument" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கிளபம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிளபம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D3%A3" title="Созҳои клавишӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Созҳои клавишӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavyeli_%C3%A7alg%C4%B1lar" title="Klavyeli çalgılar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Klavyeli çalgılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Клавішні музичні інструменти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клавішні музичні інструменти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A5_b%C3%A0n_ph%C3%ADm" title="Nhạc cụ bàn phím – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhạc cụ bàn phím" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%AE%E7%9B%98%E4%B9%90%E5%99%A8" title="键盘乐器 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="键盘乐器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%B5%E7%9B%A4%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" title="鍵盤樂器 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鍵盤樂器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%B5%E7%9B%A4%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" title="鍵盤樂器 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical instrument played using a keyboard</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D274.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/D274.jpg/220px-D274.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/D274.jpg/330px-D274.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/D274.jpg/440px-D274.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, a common keyboard instrument</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammond_b3_con_leslie_122.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hammond_b3_con_leslie_122.jpg/220px-Hammond_b3_con_leslie_122.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hammond_b3_con_leslie_122.jpg/330px-Hammond_b3_con_leslie_122.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hammond_b3_con_leslie_122.jpg/440px-Hammond_b3_con_leslie_122.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a> with part of a <a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a> shown</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandoneonphoto3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bandoneonphoto3.jpg/220px-Bandoneonphoto3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bandoneonphoto3.jpg/330px-Bandoneonphoto3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bandoneonphoto3.jpg/440px-Bandoneonphoto3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>keyboard instrument</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instrument</a> played using a <a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">keyboard</a>, a row of levers that are pressed by the fingers. The most common of these are the <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">organ</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">electronic keyboards</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_piano" title="Digital piano">digital pianos</a>. Other keyboard instruments include <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celestas</a>, which are struck <a href="/wiki/Idiophone" title="Idiophone">idiophones</a> operated by a keyboard, and <a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillons</a>, which are usually housed in <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">bell towers</a> or belfries of churches or municipal buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-kelzenberg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kelzenberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the term <i>keyboard</i> often refers to keyboard-style <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a> and arrangers as well as work-stations. These keyboards typically work by translating the physical act of pressing keys into electrical signals that produce sound. Under the fingers of a sensitive performer, the keyboard may also be used to control <a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">dynamics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phrase_(music)" title="Phrase (music)">phrasing</a>, shading, <a href="/wiki/Articulation_(music)" title="Articulation (music)">articulation</a>, and other elements of expression—depending on the design and inherent capabilities of the instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-kelzenberg_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kelzenberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern keyboards, especially digital ones, can simulate a wide range of sounds beyond traditional piano tones, thanks to advanced sound synthesis techniques and digital sampling technology. </p><p>Another important use of the word <i>keyboard</i> is in historical musicology, where it means an instrument whose identity cannot be firmly established. Particularly in the 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">clavichord</a>, and the early piano competed, and the same piece might be played on more than one. Hence, in a phrase such as "Mozart excelled as a keyboard player", the word <i>keyboard</i> is typically all-inclusive. </p><p>The term keyboard classifies instruments based on how the performer plays the instrument, and not on how the sound is produced. Categories of keyboard instruments include the following families (of which this is only a partial list): </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">aerophones</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">pipe organ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">pump organ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a>);</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idiophone" title="Idiophone">idiophones</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasschord" title="Glasschord">glasschord</a>);</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">chordophones</a></b>: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Plucked_string_instrument" title="Plucked string instrument">plucked string instruments</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangent_piano" title="Tangent piano">tangent piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lautenwerck" title="Lautenwerck">lautenwerck</a>);</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bowed_string_instrument" title="Bowed string instrument">bowed string instruments</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowed_clavier" title="Bowed clavier">bowed clavier</a>);</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument#Chordophone" title="Percussion instrument">struck string instruments</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">clavichord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>);</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">electrophones</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">electric pianos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_organ" title="Electric organ">electric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electric_organ#Electronic_organs_(1930s–)" title="Electric organ">electronic organs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mellotron" title="Mellotron">mellotron</a>).</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_instrument&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_keyboard_instruments" title="History of keyboard instruments">History of keyboard instruments</a></div> <div class="noresize thumb tright" style=";"> <div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:312px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:262px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:-210px; top:-100px; width:800px; position:absolute;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Late 4th century AD "Mosaic of the Female Musicians" from a Byzantine villa in Maryamin, Syria."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg/800px-Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="563" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg/1200px-Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg/1600px-Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1678" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg/800px-Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="563" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg/1200px-Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg/1600px-Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1678" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_of_the_Female_Musicians.jpg" title="File:Mosaic of the Female Musicians.jpg"> </a></div>Late 4th century AD "Mosaic of the Female Musicians" from a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> villa in <a href="/wiki/Maryamin,_Hama" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryamin, Hama">Maryamin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.</div> </div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Piano_history_and_musical_performance" title="Piano history and musical performance">Piano history and musical performance</a></div> <p>The earliest known keyboard instrument was the Ancient Greek <a href="/wiki/Hydraulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulis">hydraulis</a>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">pipe organ</a> invented in the third century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Apel_Tischler_1997_p._9_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apel_Tischler_1997_p._9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The keys were likely balanced and could be played with a light touch, as is clear from the reference in a Latin poem by <a href="/wiki/Claudian" title="Claudian">Claudian</a> (late 4th century), who says <i>magna levi detrudens murmura tactu . . . intonet,</i> that is "let him thunder forth as he presses out mighty roarings with a light touch" (<i>Paneg. Manlio Theodoro,</i> 320–22). From its invention until the fourteenth century, the organ remained the only keyboard instrument. Often, the organ did not feature a keyboard at all, but rather buttons or large levers operated by a whole hand. Almost every keyboard until the fifteenth century had seven <a href="/wiki/Natural_(music)" title="Natural (music)">naturals</a> to each octave.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Clavicymbalum" title="Clavicymbalum">clavicymbalum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">clavichord</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a> appeared during the fourteenth century—the clavichord probably being earlier. The harpsichord and clavichord were both common until the widespread adoption of the piano in the eighteenth century, after which their popularity decreased. The first template for the modern piano was introduced in 1698 in Italy by <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a> as the <i>gravicèmbalo con piano e forte</i> ("harpsichord with soft and loud"), also shortened to <i>pianoforte</i>, as it allowed the pianist to control the dynamics by adjusting the force with which each key was struck. In its current form, the piano is a product of further developments made since the late nineteenth century and is distinct in both sound and appearance from the instruments known to earlier pianists, including <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kelzenberg_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kelzenberg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in the twentieth century, early electromechanical instruments, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ondes_Martenot" title="Ondes Martenot">Ondes Martenot</a>, began to appear as well. Later in the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">electronic keyboards</a> appeared. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_instrument&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic_keyboard" title="Enharmonic keyboard">Enharmonic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammered_dulcimer" title="Hammered dulcimer">Hammered dulcimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_percussion_instrument" title="Keyboard percussion instrument">Keyboard percussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">Musical keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrina_di_camera" title="Orchestrina di camera">Orchestrina di camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_keyboard_instruments" title="List of keyboard instruments">List of keyboard instruments</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_instrument&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kelzenberg-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kelzenberg_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kelzenberg_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kelzenberg_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKelzenberg" class="citation web cs1">Kelzenberg, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130212121344/http://www.mhks.org/whatare.htm">"What are Historical Keyboard Instruments?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhks.org/whatare.htm">the original</a> on 2013-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+are+Historical+Keyboard+Instruments%3F&rft.aulast=Kelzenberg&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhks.org%2Fwhatare.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+instrument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apel_Tischler_1997_p._9-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apel_Tischler_1997_p._9_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApelTischler1997" class="citation book cs1">Apel, W.; Tischler, H. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rRvj70n4yY0C&pg=PA9"><i>The History of Keyboard Music to 1700</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21141-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21141-5"><bdi>978-0-253-21141-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-25</span></span>. <q>According to almost unanimous reports, Ctesibios, a Greek engineer who lived in Alexandria during the 3rd century B.C., was the inventor of the first organ, the so-called hydraulis.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Keyboard+Music+to+1700&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21141-5&rft.aulast=Apel&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Tischler%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrRvj70n4yY0C%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+instrument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/keyboard-instrument">"Keyboard instrument"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Keyboard+instrument&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fkeyboard-instrument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+instrument" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_instrument&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Young, Percy M. <i>Keyboard Musicians of the World</i>. London: Abelard-Schuman, 1967. <i>N.B</i>.: Concerns celebrated keyboard players and the various such instruments used over the centuries. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-200-71497-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-200-71497-X">0-200-71497-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_instrument&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Instrument tunings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Instrument_intonation328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Instrument <a href="/wiki/Intonation_(music)" title="Intonation (music)">intonation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">Just intonation</a> in any key</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/String_instrument#Bowing" title="String instrument">Fretless string instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_steel_guitar" title="Pedal steel guitar">Pedal steel guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">Trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_voice" title="Human voice">Human voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynamic intonation adjustment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crook_(music)" title="Crook (music)">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_instrument#Bowing" title="String instrument">Fretted string instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_instrument" title="Wind instrument">Wind instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Just intonation in one key</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">Bagpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_horn" title="Natural horn">Natural horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromba_marina" title="Tromba marina">Tromba marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-string_instrument" title="Long-string instrument">Long-string instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">Harmonica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retunable to a just key</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Keyboard instruments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Split_sharp" title="Split sharp">Split sharp</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harmonic" title="Harmonic">Flageolet tones</a> (harmonics) or<br />natural <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">overtone series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guqin" title="Guqin">Guqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_b%E1%BA%A7u" title="Đàn bầu">Đàn bầu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical just-intoned string<br />part relation with additional <a href="/wiki/3rd_bridge" title="3rd bridge">3rd bridge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Reed" title="Bradford Reed">Pencilina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodswinger" title="Moodswinger">Moodswinger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_and_keyboard_instruments207" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_keyboards" title="Template:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_keyboards" title="Template talk:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_keyboards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_and_keyboard_instruments207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">Musical</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">keyboard instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowed_clavier" title="Bowed clavier">Bowed clavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliope_(music)" title="Calliope (music)">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">Celesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)" title="Chime (bell instrument)">Chime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">Clavichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavicytherium" title="Clavicytherium">Clavicytherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claviharp" title="Claviharp">Claviharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">Electronic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">Fortepiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonichord" title="Harmonichord">Harmonichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">Harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keytar" title="Keytar">Keytar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica">Melodica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">Organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">Pipe organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed organ">Reed organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_organ" title="Theatre organ">Theatre organ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphica" title="Orphica">Orphica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_piano" title="Digital piano">Digital piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">Electric piano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_accordion" title="Piano accordion">Piano accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinet" title="Spinet">Spinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginals" title="Virginals">Virginal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic_keyboard" title="Enharmonic keyboard">Enharmonic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_keyboard" title="Generalized keyboard">Generalized keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isomorphic_keyboard" title="Isomorphic keyboard">Isomorphic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jank%C3%B3_keyboard" title="Jankó keyboard">Jankó keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_octave" title="Short octave">Short octave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Key_(instrument)" title="Key (instrument)">Keys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies" title="Piano key frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_(music)" title="Manual (music)">Manual keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_sharp" title="Split sharp">Split sharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piano_pedals" title="Piano pedals">Pedals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expression_pedal" title="Expression pedal">Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_pedal" title="Soft pedal">Soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustain_pedal" title="Sustain pedal">Sustain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_keyboard" title="Pedal keyboard">Pedal keyboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_acoustics" title="Piano acoustics">Acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovations_in_the_piano" title="Innovations in the piano">Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_wire" title="Piano wire">Wiring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliquot_stringing" title="Aliquot stringing">Aliquot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-stringing" title="Cross-stringing">Cross</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piano_maintenance" title="Piano maintenance">Maintenance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_(piano)" title="Action (piano)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Technicians_Guild" title="Piano Technicians Guild">Piano Technicians Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_tuning" title="Piano tuning">Tuning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_wrench" title="Tuning wrench">Wrench</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amplifiers, speakers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier" title="Keyboard amplifier">Keyboard amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_piano" title="Prepared piano">Prepared piano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1254" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: 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