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Among its other members, were K. Grelling, <a href="../hempel/">C. G. Hempel</a>, D. Hilbert, R. von Mises. The Berlin Circle’s name was <em>Die Gesellschaft f眉r Empirische Philosophie</em> (The Society for Empirical Philosophy). It 聽joined up with the <a href="../viennacr/">Vienna Circle.</a> Together they published the journal <em>Erkenntnis</em> that was edited by both聽<a href="../carnap/">Rudolf Carnap</a> and Hans Reichenbach, and they organized several congresses on scientific philosophy, the first of which was held in Prague in 1929.</p> <p>Members of the Berlin Circle were particularly active in analyzing contemporary physics, especially the theory of relativity, and in developing the frequency interpretation of probability. After the rise of Nazism, several members of the Berlin Circle emigrated from Germany. Reichenbach moved to Turkey in 1933 and then to the USA in 1938; Hempel to Belgium in 1934 and to the USA in 1939; Grelling was killed in a concentration camp. Hence the Berlin Circle was dispersed and never re-united.</p> <h3>Author Information</h3> <p>Mauro Murzi<br /> Italy</p> <p>The IEP is actively seeking a replacement article of 8,000 or more words.</p> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div id="secondary"> <h2 class="site-description">An encyclopedia of philosophy articles written by professional philosophers.</h2> <nav role="navigation" class="navigation site-navigation secondary-navigation"> <div class="menu-pages-container"><ul id="menu-pages" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-16670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16670"><a href="https://iep.utm.edu/home/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16677"><a href="https://iep.utm.edu/submit/">Submissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40301" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40301"><a href="https://iep.utm.edu/editor-list/">Editors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16676"><a href="https://iep.utm.edu/volunteer/">Volunteer</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <div id="primary-sidebar" class="primary-sidebar widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"><h1 class="widget-title">Stay Connected</h1> <div class="textwidget"><p> &nbsp&nbsp<a href="https://www.facebook.com/iephilosophy"><img src="https://iep.utm.edu/wp-content/media/Facebook.png"></a> &nbsp&nbsp<a href="https://x.com/iephilosophy"><img src="https://iep.utm.edu/wp-content/media/X-1.png"></a> &nbsp&nbsp<a href="https://iep.utm.edu/feed/"><img src="https://iep.utm.edu/wp-content/media/Feed.png"></a> </p></div> </aside><aside id="categories-2" class="widget widget_categories"><h1 class="widget-title">Browse by Topic</h1><form action="https://iep.utm.edu" method="get"><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Browse by Topic</label><select name='cat' id='cat' class='postform'> <option value='-1'>Select Category</option> <option class="level-0" value="45">History of Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="49">   17th Century European</option> <option class="level-1" value="50">   18th Century European</option> <option class="level-1" value="51">   19th Century European</option> <option class="level-1" value="53">   Ancient Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="99">   History Misc.</option> <option class="level-1" value="60">   History of Analytic</option> <option class="level-1" value="64">   Medieval Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="102">   Philosophers</option> <option class="level-1" value="48">   Renaissance Philosophy</option> <option class="level-0" value="46">Metaphysics & Epistemology</option> <option class="level-1" value="57">   Epistemology</option> <option class="level-1" value="65">   Metaphysics</option> <option class="level-1" value="66">   Mind & Cognitive Science</option> <option class="level-1" value="67">   Philosophy of Language</option> <option class="level-1" value="70">   Philosophy of Religion</option> <option class="level-1" value="1">   Uncategorized</option> <option class="level-0" value="47">Philosophical Traditions</option> <option class="level-1" value="52">   American Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="55">   Chinese Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="56">   Continental Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="59">   Feminist Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="61">   Indian Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="62">   Islamic Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="100">   Tradition Misc.</option> <option class="level-0" value="74">Science, Logic, & Mathematics</option> <option class="level-1" value="63">   Logic</option> <option class="level-1" value="69">   Philosophy of Mathematics</option> <option class="level-1" value="71">   Philosophy of Science</option> <option class="level-0" value="41">Value Theory</option> <option class="level-1" value="98">   Aesthetics</option> <option class="level-1" value="54">   Bioethics</option> <option class="level-1" value="58">   Ethics</option> <option class="level-1" value="68">   Philosophy of Law</option> <option class="level-1" value="72">   Political Philosophy</option> <option class="level-1" value="101">   Value Misc.</option> </select> </form><script> (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); 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