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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Christian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Christian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-Christian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Christian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Christian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Christian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Post-Christian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Christian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marks_and_graphemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marks_and_graphemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Marks and graphemes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marks_and_graphemes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emblems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emblems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Emblems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emblems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_gestures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_gestures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Physical gestures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_gestures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cross</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruis" title="Kruis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kruis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="صليب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صليب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A8%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܨܠܝܒܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܨܠܝܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9" title="Խաչ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խաչ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcipaiatikw" title="Tcipaiatikw – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Tcipaiatikw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurusu" title="Kurusu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kurusu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xa%C3%A7" title="Xaç – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xaç" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Крыж – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Крыж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крыж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кръст – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кръст" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krst" title="Krst – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krst" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroaz" title="Kroaz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kroaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creu" title="Creu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Creu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Хĕрес – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕрес" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Kříž – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kříž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muchinjikwa" title="Muchinjikwa – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muchinjikwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croce" title="Croce – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Croce" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croes" title="Croes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Croes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kors" title="Kors – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kors" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuz_(Symbol)" title="Kreuz (Symbol) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kreuz (Symbol)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rist" title="Rist – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rist" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σταυρός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σταυρός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz" title="Cruz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cruz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruco" title="Kruco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kruco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurutze" title="Gurutze – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gurutze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="صلیب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صلیب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croix" title="Croix – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croix" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%B4s" title="Crôs – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Crôs" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crois" title="Crois – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Crois" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz" title="Cruz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cruz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korezm" title="Korezm – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Korezm" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90" title="십자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="십자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9" title="Խաչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խաչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%BE" title="Križ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Križ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruco" title="Kruco – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kruco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruce" title="Cruce – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cruce" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croce" title="Croce – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Croce" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%91" title="צלב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צלב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯვარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯვარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msalaba" title="Msalaba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Msalaba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwa" title="Kwa – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xa%C3%A7" title="Xaç – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xaç" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Ххач – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ххач" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux_(forma)" title="Crux (forma) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Crux (forma)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krusts" title="Krusts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krusts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kry%C5%BEius" title="Kryžius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kryžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cros" title="Cros – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cros" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereszt_(jelk%C3%A9p)" title="Kereszt (jelkép) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kereszt (jelkép)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Крст – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крст" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakroa" title="Lakroa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lakroa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D" title="കുരിശ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുരിശ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98" title="ქაჩი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქაჩი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkah" title="Pangkah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pangkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruis_(symbool)" title="Kruis (symbool) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kruis (symbool)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97" title="十字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="十字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kors" title="Kors – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kors" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kross" title="Kross – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kross" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crouaix" title="Crouaix – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Crouaix" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotz" title="Crotz – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Crotz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xoch" title="Xoch – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xoch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="صلیب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صلیب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzy%C5%BC" title="Krzyż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krzyż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz" title="Cruz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cruz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruce" title="Cruce – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cruce" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakata" title="Chakata – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chakata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Крест – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rughe" title="Rughe – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rughe" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryqi" title="Kryqi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryqi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruci" title="Cruci – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cruci" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross" title="Cross – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cross" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%AD%C5%BE_(symbol)" title="Kríž (symbol) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kríž (symbol)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%BE" title="Križ – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Križ" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzi%C5%BC" title="Krziż – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Krziż" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Крст – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крст" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krst" title="Krst – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krst" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risti" title="Risti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Risti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kors" title="Kors – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kors" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krus_(sagisag)" title="Krus (sagisag) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Krus (sagisag)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="சிலுவை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிலுவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99" title="กางเขน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กางเขน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Салиб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Салиб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%A7" title="Haç – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Haç" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Хрест – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хрест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="صلیب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صلیب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="كرېست – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كرېست" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croze" title="Croze – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Croze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_th%E1%BA%ADp" title="Chữ thập – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ thập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruusa" title="Kuruusa – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Kuruusa" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krus" title="Krus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Krus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97" title="十字 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="十字" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="十字形 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="十字形" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%AB%C5%BEios" title="Krīžios – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Krīžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97" title="十字 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="十字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40843#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Christian symbol, see <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cross_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cross (disambiguation)">Cross (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cross2.svg/150px-Cross2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cross2.svg/225px-Cross2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cross2.svg/300px-Cross2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption>A <i>Greek cross</i> (all arms of equal length) above a <i><a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">saltire</a></i>, a cross whose limbs are slanted</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>cross</b> is a compound <a href="/wiki/Geometrical_figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometrical figure">geometrical figure</a> consisting of two <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(set_theory)" title="Intersection (set theory)">intersecting</a> <a href="/wiki/Line_(geometry)" title="Line (geometry)">lines</a>, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a>, is termed a <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">saltire</a> in heraldic terminology. </p><p>The cross has been widely recognized as a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> from an early period in that religion's history.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McGrath321_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrath321-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before then, it was used as a religious or cultural symbol throughout Europe, in western and south Asia (the latter, in the form of the original <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a>); and in Egypt, where the <a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a> was a hieroglyph that represented "life" and was used in the worship of the god <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>. The effigy of a man hanging on a cross was set up in the fields to protect the crops.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It often appeared in conjunction with the female-genital circle or oval, to signify the sacred marriage, as in Egyptian amulet <a href="/wiki/Nefer" title="Nefer">Nefer</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with male cross and female orb, considered as an <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amulet</a> of blessedness, a charm of sexual harmony.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cross" class="extiw" title="wikt:cross">cross</a></i> is recorded in 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> as <i>cros</i>, exclusively for the instrument of <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Christ's crucifixion</a>, replacing the native Old English word <i><a href="/wiki/Rood" title="Rood">rood</a></i>. The word's history is complicated; it appears to have entered English from <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a>, possibly via <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, ultimately from the Latin <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crux#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:crux">crux</a></i> (or its accusative <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">crucem</i></span> and its genitive <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">crucis</i></span>), "stake, cross". The English verb <i>to cross</i> arises from the noun <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200</span>, first in the sense "to make the sign of the cross"; the generic meaning "to intersect" develops in the 15th century. The Latin word was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Popular_etymology" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular etymology">popular etymology</a> by a native Germanic word reconstructed as *<i>krukjo</i> (English <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crook" class="extiw" title="wikt:crook">crook</a></i>, Old English <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">crycce</i></span>, Old Norse <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">krokr</i></span>, Old High German <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">krucka</i></span>). This word, by conflation with Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">crux</i></span>, gave rise to Old French <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">crocier</i></span> (modern French <i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crosse#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:crosse">crosse</a></i>), the term for a <a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_crook" title="Shepherd's crook">shepherd's crook</a>, adopted in English as <i><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">crosier</a></i>. </p><p>Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">crux</i></span> referred to the <a href="/wiki/Gibbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibbet">gibbet</a> where criminals were executed, a stake or pole, with or without <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transom" class="extiw" title="wikt:transom">transom</a>, on which the condemned were impaled or hanged, but more particularly a cross or the pole of a carriage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The derived verb <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crucio#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:crucio">cruciāre</a></i> means "to put to death on the cross" or, more frequently, "to put to the rack, to torture, torment", especially in reference to mental troubles.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="anchor" id="furca"></span> In the Roman world, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">furca</i></span> replaced <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">crux</i></span> as the name of some cross-like instruments for lethal and temporary punishment,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranging from a <a href="/wiki/Forked_cross" title="Forked cross">forked cross</a> to a gibbet or <a href="/wiki/Gallows" title="Gallows">gallows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The field of etymology is of no help in any effort to trace a supposed original meaning of <i>crux</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>crux</i> can be of various shapes: from a single beam used for impaling or suspending (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Crux_simplex" title="Crux simplex">crux simplex</a></i></span>) to the various composite kinds of cross (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">crux compacta</i></span>) made from more beams than one. The latter shapes include not only the traditional †-shaped cross (the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">crux immissa</i></span>), but also the T-shaped cross (the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">crux commissa</i></span> or <a href="/wiki/Tau_cross" title="Tau cross">tau cross</a>), which the <a href="/wiki/Descriptions_in_antiquity_of_the_execution_cross" title="Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross">descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross</a> indicate as the normal form in use at that time, and the X-shaped cross (the <i>crux decussata</i> or <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">saltire</a>). </p><p>The Greek equivalent of Latin <i>crux</i> "stake, gibbet" is <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Stauros" title="Stauros">stauros</a></i></span>, found in texts of four centuries or more before the gospels and always in the plural number to indicate a stake or pole. From the first century BC, it is used to indicate an instrument used in executions. The Greek word is used in <a href="/wiki/Descriptions_in_antiquity_of_the_execution_cross" title="Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross">descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross</a>, which indicate that its normal shape was similar to the Greek letter <a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">tau</a> (<a href="/wiki/%CE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Τ">Τ</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Christian">Pre-Christian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Christian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radanhaenger-edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Radanhaenger-edited.jpg/220px-Radanhaenger-edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Radanhaenger-edited.jpg/330px-Radanhaenger-edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Radanhaenger-edited.jpg/440px-Radanhaenger-edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Bronze Age "wheel pendants" in the shape of the "<a href="/wiki/Sun_cross" title="Sun cross">sun cross</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Urnfield_culture" title="Urnfield culture">Urnfield culture</a>, 2nd millennium BC).</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the simplicity of the design (two intersecting lines), cross-shaped incisions make their appearance from deep prehistory; as <a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">petroglyphs</a> in European <a href="/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)" title="Cult (religious practice)">cult</a> caves, dating back to the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a>, and throughout prehistory to the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also of prehistoric age are numerous variants of the simple cross mark, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">crux gammata</a></i> with curving or angular lines, and the Egyptian <i><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">crux ansata</a></i> with a loop. </p><p>Speculation has associated the cross symbol – even in the prehistoric period – with astronomical or cosmological <a href="/wiki/Symbology" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbology">symbology</a> involving "<a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">four elements</a>" (Chevalier, 1997) or the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_directions" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal directions">cardinal points</a>, or the unity of a vertical <a href="/wiki/Axis_mundi" title="Axis mundi">axis mundi</a> or celestial pole with the horizontal <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">world</a> (Koch, 1955). Speculation of this kind became especially popular in the mid- to late-19th century in the context of <a href="/wiki/Comparative_mythology" title="Comparative mythology">comparative mythology</a> seeking to tie <a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Christian mythology</a> to ancient <a href="/wiki/Religious_cosmology" title="Religious cosmology">cosmological myths</a>. Influential works in this vein included G. de Mortillet (1866),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L. Müller (1865),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> W. W. Blake (1888),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ansault (1891),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAK-617.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LAK-617.png/220px-LAK-617.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LAK-617.png/330px-LAK-617.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/LAK-617.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Archaic_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic cuneiform">Archaic cuneiform</a> character LAK-617 (𒔁): a cruciform arrangement of five boxes; scribes could use the central, larger box as container for other characters.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/European_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="European Bronze Age">European Bronze Age</a> the cross symbol appeared to carry a <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">religious meaning</a>, perhaps as a symbol of consecration, especially pertaining to burial.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cross sign occurs trivially in <a href="/wiki/Tally_marks" title="Tally marks">tally marks</a>, and develops into a <a href="/wiki/Number_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Number symbol">number symbol</a> independently in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> (X "ten"), the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Counting_rods" title="Counting rods">rod numerals</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:十">十</a> "ten") and the <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_numerals" title="Brahmi numerals">Brahmi numerals</a> ("four", whence the numeral <a href="/wiki/4_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="4 (number)">4</a>). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semitic_abjad" class="mw-redirect" title="Semitic abjad">derived scripts</a>, the cross symbol represented the phoneme /t/, i.e. the letter <a href="/wiki/Taw" title="Taw">taw</a>, which is the historical predecessor of Latin <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a>. The letter name <i>taw</i> means "mark", presumably continuing the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hieroglyph">Egyptian hieroglyph</a> "two crossed sticks" (<a href="/wiki/List_of_hieroglyphs/Z" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hieroglyphs/Z">Gardiner Z9</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Christian">Post-Christian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-Christian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">Crucifixion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Jesus%27_crucifixion" title="Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion">Instrument of Jesus' crucifixion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christian symbols">Early Christian symbols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christogram" title="Christogram">Christogram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross_variants" title="Christian cross variants">Christian cross variants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cross_necklace" title="Cross necklace">Cross necklace</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solidus-Leontinus-sb1330.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Solidus-Leontinus-sb1330.jpg/220px-Solidus-Leontinus-sb1330.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Solidus-Leontinus-sb1330.jpg/330px-Solidus-Leontinus-sb1330.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Solidus-Leontinus-sb1330.jpg/440px-Solidus-Leontinus-sb1330.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="235" /></a><figcaption>Early use of a <a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger">globus cruciger</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(coin)" title="Solidus (coin)">solidus</a> minted by <a href="/wiki/Leontios" class="mw-redirect" title="Leontios">Leontios</a> (r. 695–698); on the obverse, a stepped cross in the shape of an <a href="/wiki/Iota_Eta" class="mw-redirect" title="Iota Eta">Iota Eta</a> monogram.</figcaption></figure> <p>The shape of the cross (<i>crux</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stauros" title="Stauros">stauros</a></i> "stake, <a href="/wiki/Gibbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibbet">gibbet</a>"), as represented by the Latin letter <a href="/wiki/Tau_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau (letter)">T</a>, came to be used as a new symbol (seal) or emblem of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> since the <a href="/wiki/2nd_century_AD" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd century AD">2nd century AD</a> to succeeding <a href="/wiki/Ichthys" title="Ichthys">Ichthys</a> in aftermaths of that new religion's <a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">separation from</a> <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> in the early 3rd century calls it <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον</span></span> ("the Lord's sign") he repeats the idea, current as early as the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a>, that the number 318 (in <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a>, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was a foreshadowing (a "type") of the cross (the letter Tau) and of Jesus (the letters <a href="/wiki/Iota_Eta" class="mw-redirect" title="Iota Eta">Iota Eta</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-CA_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clement's contemporary <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> rejects the accusation that Christians are <i>crucis religiosi</i> (i.e. "adorers of the gibbet"), and returns the accusation by likening the worship of pagan idols to the worship of poles or stakes.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book <i>De Corona</i>, written in 204, Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">sign of the cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While early Christians used the T-shape to represent the cross in writing and gesture, the use of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a>, i.e. crosses with intersecting beams, appears in Christian art towards the end of <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>. An early example of the <a href="/wiki/Cruciform_halo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruciform halo">cruciform halo</a>, used to identify Christ in paintings, is found in the <i>Miracles of the Loaves and Fishes</i> mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Apollinare Nuovo">Sant'Apollinare Nuovo</a>, Ravenna (6th century). The <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_cross" title="Patriarchal cross">Patriarchal cross</a>, a Latin cross with an additional horizontal bar, first appears in the 10th century. A wide variation of cross symbols is introduced for the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">heraldry</a> beginning in the age of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marks_and_graphemes">Marks and graphemes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marks and graphemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/X_mark" title="X mark">X mark</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cross_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross mark">cross mark</a> is used to mark a position, or as a <a href="/wiki/Check_mark" title="Check mark">check mark</a>, but also to mark <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deletion" class="extiw" title="wikt:deletion">deletion</a>. Derived from Greek <a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">Chi</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> letter <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a>, Cyrillic <a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Kha</a> and possibly runic <a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu">Gyfu</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a> involving cross shapes include <i><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">ankh</a></i> "life", <i><a href="/wiki/Cross-ndj_(hieroglyph)" title="Cross-ndj (hieroglyph)">ndj</a></i> "protect" and <i><a href="/wiki/Nefer" title="Nefer">nfr</a></i> "good; pleasant, beautiful". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumerian cuneiform">Sumerian cuneiform</a> had a simple cross-shaped character, consisting of a horizontal and a vertical wedge (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%88%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:𒈦">𒈦</a>), read as <i>maš</i> "tax, yield, interest"; the superposition of two diagonal wedges results in a decussate cross (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%89%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:𒉽">𒉽</a>), read as <i>pap</i> "first, pre-eminent" (the superposition of these two types of crosses results in the eight-pointed star used as the sign for "sky" or "deity" (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%80%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:𒀭">𒀭</a>), <a href="/wiki/DINGIR" class="mw-redirect" title="DINGIR">DINGIR</a>). The cuneiform script has other, more complex, cruciform characters, consisting of an arrangement of boxes or the fourfold arrangement of other characters, including the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic cuneiform">archaic cuneiform</a> characters <a href="/wiki/Liste_der_archaischen_Keilschriftzeichen" title="Liste der archaischen Keilschriftzeichen">LAK</a>-210, LAK-276, LAK-278, LAK-617 and the classical sign EZEN (𒂡).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phoenician <i>tāw</i> is still cross-shaped in <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew alphabet</a> and in some <a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic scripts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhaetic_alphabets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhaetic alphabets">Raetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lepontic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepontic">Lepontic</a>), and its descendant <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> becomes again cross-shaped in the Latin <a href="/wiki/Lower_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower case">minuscule</a> <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus sign</a> (+) is derived from Latin <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> via a simplification of a ligature for <i>et</i> "and" (introduced by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Widmann" title="Johannes Widmann">Johannes Widmann</a> in the late 15th century). </p><p>The letter <a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">Aleph</a> is cross-shaped in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic script">Aramaic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Hebrew">paleo-Hebrew</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hieroglyph">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a> with cross-shapes include <a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_sign_list" title="Gardiner's sign list">Gardiner</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_hieroglyphs/Z" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hieroglyphs/Z">Z9 – Z11</a> ("crossed sticks", "crossed planks"). </p><p>Other, unrelated cross-shaped letters include <a href="/wiki/Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a> <i>ka</i> (predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> letter क) and <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic (Orkhon)</a> <i>d²</i> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Hungarian alphabet">Old Hungarian</a> <i>b</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a> ナ <i><a href="/wiki/Na_(kana)" title="Na (kana)">na</a></i> and メ<i><a href="/wiki/Me_(kana)" title="Me (kana)">me</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a> (×), often attributed to <a href="/wiki/William_Oughtred" title="William Oughtred">William Oughtred</a> (who first used it in an appendix to the 1618 edition of John Napier's <i>Descriptio</i>) apparently had been in occasional use since the mid 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other typographical symbols resembling crosses include the <a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a> or <i>obelus</i> (†), the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerals" title="Chinese numerals">Chinese</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:十">十</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radical_24" title="Radical 24">Kangxi radical 24</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a> (X ten). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> has a variety of cross symbols in the "<a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">Dingbat</a>" block (U+2700–U+27BF): </p> <dl><dd>✕ ✖ ✗ ✘ ✙ ✚ ✛ ✜ ✝ ✞ ✟ ✠ ✢ ✣ ✤ ✥</dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Symbols" title="Miscellaneous Symbols">Miscellaneous Symbols</a> block (U+2626 to U+262F) adds three specific <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross_variants" title="Christian cross variants">Christian cross variants</a>, viz. the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_cross" title="Patriarchal cross">Patriarchal cross</a> (☦), <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine" title="Cross of Lorraine">Cross of Lorraine</a> (☨) and <a href="/wiki/Cross_potent" title="Cross potent">Cross potent</a> (☩, mistakenly labeled a "<a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Jerusalem">Cross of Jerusalem</a>"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emblems">Emblems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Emblems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Crosses in heraldry</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cross" title="Special:EditPage/Cross">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following is a list of cross symbols, <i>except</i> for variants of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Heraldic crosses</a>, for which see the dedicated lists at <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross_variants" title="Christian cross variants">Christian cross variants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Crosses in heraldry</a>, respectively. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <caption>Crosses as emblems and symbols </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Picture</th> <th>Cross name</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ankh.svg/25px-Ankh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ankh.svg/38px-Ankh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ankh.svg/50px-Ankh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="878" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></b> </td> <td>The <i>ankh</i> or <i>crux ansata</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hieroglyph">Egyptian hieroglyph</a> representing "life". </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lauburu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lauburu.svg/30px-Lauburu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lauburu.svg/45px-Lauburu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lauburu.svg/60px-Lauburu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="123" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque cross">Basque cross</a> </td> <td>The Basque cross or <i>lauburu</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_symbol_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Earth_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Earth_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Earth_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/45px-Earth_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Earth_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/60px-Earth_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> </td> <td>the <a href="/wiki/Sun_cross" title="Sun cross">Sun cross</a> </td> <td>The "sun cross" or "wheel cross" appears with some regularity in prehistoric European artefacts, usually interpreted as a <a href="/wiki/Solar_symbol" title="Solar symbol">solar symbol</a>, perhaps representing the spoked wheel of the <a href="/wiki/Sun_chariot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun chariot">Sun chariot</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Swastika.svg/30px-Swastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Swastika.svg/45px-Swastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Swastika.svg/60px-Swastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a> </td> <td> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a> or <i>crux gammata</i> (in heraldry <i><a href="/wiki/Fylfot" title="Fylfot">fylfot</a></i>), historically used as a symbol in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_use_of_the_swastika_in_the_early_20th_century" title="Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century">widely popular in the early 20th century</a> as a symbol of good luck or prosperity before adopted as a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> in the 1920s and 30s. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>As a design element</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Picture</th> <th>Cross name</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/113px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Papal_regalia_and_insignia" title="Papal regalia and insignia">Crossed keys</a></b> </td> <td>Symbol of the Papacy used in various emblems representing the keys to heaven. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Crossed_Sabres.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Crossed_Sabres.svg/50px-Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Crossed_Sabres.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Crossed_Sabres.svg/75px-Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Crossed_Sabres.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Crossed_Sabres.svg/100px-Coa_Illustration_Elements_Arms_Sword_Crossed_Sabres.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Crossed_swords_(disambiguation)#Other_uses" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Crossed swords (disambiguation)">Crossed swords</a></b> </td> <td>The crossed swords symbol (⚔ at Unicode U+2694) is used to represent battlegrounds on maps. It is also used to show that person died in battle or that a war machine was lost in action. Two crossed swords also look like a Christian cross and the mixed symbolism has been used in military decorations. It is also a popular way to display swords on a wall often with a shield in the center </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tux_Paint_clover.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tux_Paint_clover.svg/75px-Tux_Paint_clover.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tux_Paint_clover.svg/113px-Tux_Paint_clover.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tux_Paint_clover.svg/150px-Tux_Paint_clover.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="875" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Four-leaf_clover" title="Four-leaf clover">Four-leaf clover</a></b> </td> <td>Used as a symbol for luck as well as a stand in for a cross in various works. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazard_T.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/100px-Hazard_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/150px-Hazard_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hazard_T.svg/200px-Hazard_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Skull_and_crossbones_(Spanish_cemetery)" title="Skull and crossbones (Spanish cemetery)">Skull and crossbones</a></b> </td> <td>Traditionally used to mark Spanish cemeteries; the symbol evolved to represent death/danger, poison, and pirates. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_gestures">Physical gestures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physical gestures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cross" title="Special:EditPage/Cross">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cross shapes are made by a variety of physical <a href="/wiki/Gesture" title="Gesture">gestures</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crossed_fingers" title="Crossed fingers">Crossing the fingers of one hand</a> is a common invocation of the symbol. The <a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">sign of the cross</a> associated with Christian <a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">genuflection</a> is made with one hand: in Eastern Orthodox tradition the sequence is head-heart-right shoulder-left shoulder, while in Oriental Orthodox, Catholic and Anglican tradition the sequence is head-heart-left-right. </p><p>Crossing the index fingers of both hands represents and a charm against evil in European folklore. Other gestures involving more than one hand include the "cross my heart" movement associated with making a promise and the <a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">Tau</a> shape of the <a href="/wiki/Referee" title="Referee">referee</a>'s "time out" hand signal. </p><p>Crossed index fingers represent the number 10 (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:十">十</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_number_gestures" title="Chinese number gestures">Chinese number gestures</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> provides various cross symbols:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Code point </th></tr> <tr> <td>✚</td> <td>Heavy Greek Cross</td> <td>U+271A </td></tr> <tr> <td>✠</td> <td>Maltese Cross</td> <td>U+2720 </td></tr> <tr> <td>♱</td> <td>East Syriac Cross</td> <td>U+2671 </td></tr> <tr> <td>♰</td> <td>West Syriac Cross</td> <td>U+2670 </td></tr> <tr> <td>☩</td> <td>Jerusalem Cross</td> <td>U+2629 </td></tr> <tr> <td>☨</td> <td>Cross of Lorraine</td> <td>U+2628 </td></tr> <tr> <td>☩</td> <td>Cross of Jerusalem</td> <td>U+2629 </td></tr> <tr> <td>✟</td> <td>Latin Cross outline</td> <td>U+271F </td></tr> <tr> <td>✞</td> <td>Shadowed White Latin Cross</td> <td>U+271E </td></tr> <tr> <td>✟</td> <td>Outlined Cross</td> <td>U+271F </td></tr> <tr> <td>✝</td> <td>Latin Roman Cross</td> <td>U+271D </td></tr> <tr> <td>†</td> <td>Cross</td> <td>U+2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>✛</td> <td>Open Centre Cross</td> <td>U+271B </td></tr> <tr> <td>✙</td> <td>Outlined Greek Cross</td> <td>U+2719 </td></tr> <tr> <td>✘</td> <td>Heavy Ballot X</td> <td>U+2718 </td></tr> <tr> <td>✜</td> <td>Heavy Open Centre Cross</td> <td>U+271C </td></tr> <tr> <td>✖</td> <td>Heavy Multiplication X</td> <td>U+2716 </td></tr> <tr> <td>❌</td> <td>Cross Mark</td> <td>U+274C </td></tr> <tr> <td>✗</td> <td>Ballot X</td> <td>U+2717 </td></tr> <tr> <td>✢</td> <td>Four Teardrop-Spoked Asterisk</td> <td>U+2722 </td></tr> <tr> <td>✤</td> <td>Heavy Four Balloon-Spoked Asterisk</td> <td>U+2724 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRebecca_Stein,_Philip_L._Stein" class="citation book cs1">Rebecca Stein, Philip L. Stein. <i>The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 62. <q>The cross is a symbol most clearly associated with Christianity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anthropology+of+Religion%2C+Magic%2C+and+Witchcraft&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.au=Rebecca+Stein%2C+Philip+L.+Stein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGrath321-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGrath321_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v26doW8jIyYC&pg=PT261"><i>Christianity: an introduction</i></a> by Alister E. McGrath 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-0901-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-0901-7">1-4051-0901-7</a> pages 321-323</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Willard_Benson" class="citation book cs1">George Willard Benson. <i>The Cross: Its History and Symbolism</i>. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cross%3A+Its+History+and+Symbolism&rft.pages=11&rft.au=George+Willard+Benson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/571948">"Nefer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nefer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F571948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1983" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Barbara G. (1983). <i>The Woman's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets</i>. San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers. p. 188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Woman%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Myths+and+Secrets&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row%2C+Publishers&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Barbara+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis and Short, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Latin_Dictionary" title="A Latin Dictionary">A Latin Dictionary</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D117%3Aentry%3Dcrux">crux</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis and Short, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Latin_Dictionary" title="A Latin Dictionary">A Latin Dictionary</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D116%3Aentry%3Dcrucio">crucio</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensenRønsbo2014" class="citation book cs1">Jensen, Steffen; Rønsbo, Henrik (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yjQEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32"><i>Histories of Victimhood</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0931-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0931-0"><bdi>978-0-8122-0931-0</bdi></a>. <q>The jurist Julius Paulus, for example, "gives crucifixion (<i>furca</i> = gallows, the word that replaced the 'holy' word cross in legal literature after <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a>)" as one punishment for deserters and for betrayers of secrets (Hengel 1977:39; Bauman 1996:151)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histories+of+Victimhood&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0931-0&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Steffen&rft.au=R%C3%B8nsbo%2C+Henrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyjQEAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickering1980" class="citation book cs1">Pickering, F. P. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VL6Q8s0SnGcC&pg=PA73"><i>Essays on Medieval German Literature and Iconography</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22627-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22627-1"><bdi>978-0-521-22627-1</bdi></a>. <q>According to the article "crux" in <a href="/wiki/Pauly-Wissowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauly-Wissowa">Pauly-Wissowa</a>, the old term <i>furca</i> may have been revived under <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a> to shield the sacred term from misuse; its shape, the conventional 'gallows', may have been evolved in such a way as to avoid any association with the Christian cross.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Medieval+German+Literature+and+Iconography&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22627-1&rft.aulast=Pickering&rft.aufirst=F.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVL6Q8s0SnGcC%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees1824" class="citation book cs1">Rees, Abraham (1824). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9TdOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT148"><i>The Cyclopædia</i></a>. Samuel F. Bradford. p. 148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Samuel+F.+Bradford&rft.date=1824&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9TdOAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPT148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunnar Samuelsson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/crux002.pdf"><i>Crucifixion in Antiquity</i></a> (Mohr Siebeck 2011), p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.vi.ii.ix.html">"The Epistle of Barnabas, IX"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Epistle+of+Barnabas%2C+IX&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fanf01.vi.ii.ix.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://logoslibrary.org/clement/stromata/611.html">"Clement of Alexandria, <i>The Stromata</i>, book VI, chapter 11"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clement+of+Alexandria%2C+The+Stromata%2C+book+VI%2C+chapter+11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flogoslibrary.org%2Fclement%2Fstromata%2F611.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/tertullian/tertullian.marcionem3.shtml">"Adversus Marcionem, liber III, cap. XXII"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adversus+Marcionem%2C+liber+III%2C+cap.+XXII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelatinlibrary.com%2Ftertullian%2Ftertullian.marcionem3.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/luc/wl1/wl110.htm">"Lucian, <i>Trial in the Court of Vowels</i>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lucian%2C+Trial+in+the+Court+of+Vowels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fcla%2Fluc%2Fwl1%2Fwl110.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2005" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, Douglass W. (2005). <i>Prehistoric figurines : representation and corporeality in the Neolithic</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-39245-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-39245-0"><bdi>0-203-39245-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/252740876">252740876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+figurines+%3A+representation+and+corporeality+in+the+Neolithic&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F252740876&rft.isbn=0-203-39245-0&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Douglass+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. de Mortillet, "Le signe de la croix avant le christianisme", Paris, 1866</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Müller, "Ueber Sterne, Kreuze und Kränze als religiöse Symbole der alten Kulturvölker", Copenhagen, 1865</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. W. Blake, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossancientmode00blak">"The Cross, Ancient and Modern"</a> New York, 1888</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ansault, "Mémoire sur le culte de la croix avant Jésus-Christ", Paris, 1891.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In the bronze age we meet in different parts of Europe a more accurate representation of the cross, as conceived in Christian art, and in this shape it was soon widely diffused. This more precise characterization coincides with a corresponding general change in customs and beliefs. The cross is now met with, in various forms, on many objects: fibulas, cinctures, earthenware fragments, and on the bottom of drinking vessels. De Mortillet is of opinion that such use of the sign was not merely ornamental, but rather a symbol of consecration, especially in the case of objects pertaining to burial. In the proto-Etruscan cemetery of Golasecca every tomb has a vase with a cross engraved on it. True crosses of more or less artistic design have been found in Tiryns, at Mycenæ, in Crete, and on a fibula from Vulci." O. Marucchi, "Archæology of the Cross and Crucifix", <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> (1908).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenner" class="citation web cs1">Benner, Jeff A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617143555/http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/3_taw.html">"Taw (Tav)"</a>. <i>The Ancient Hebrew Letters</i>. Ancient Hebrew Research Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/3_taw.html">the original</a> on 17 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ancient+Hebrew+Letters&rft.atitle=Taw+%28Tav%29&rft.aulast=Benner&rft.aufirst=Jeff+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancient-hebrew.org%2F3_taw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohler" class="citation web cs1">Kohler, Kaufmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=899&letter=C">"Cross"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopaedia">Jewish Encyclopaedia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007032024/http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=899&letter=C">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2011. <q>The cross as a Christian symbol or "seal" came into use at least as early since the 2nd century AD (see "Apost. Const." iii. 17; Epistle of Barnabas, xi.-xii.; Justin, "Apologia," i. 55-60; "Dial. cum Tryph." 85-97); and the marking of a cross upon the forehead and the chest was regarded as a talisman against the powers of demons (Tertullian, "De Corona," iii.; Cyprian, "Testimonies," xi. 21-22; Lactantius, "Divinæ Institutiones," iv. 27, and elsewhere). Accordingly the Christian Fathers had to defend themselves, as early as the second century, against the charge of being worshipers of the cross, as may be learned from Tertullian, "Apologia," xii., xvii., and Minucius Felix, "Octavius," xxix. Christians used to swear by the power of the cross</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Encyclopaedia&rft.atitle=Cross&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Kaufmann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D899%26letter%3DC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CA-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CA_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/clement-stromata-book6.html">"Clement of Alexandria: Stromata, Book 6"</a>. <i>Early Christian Writings</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Early+Christian+Writings&rft.atitle=Clement+of+Alexandria%3A+Stromata%2C+Book+6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristianwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fclement-stromata-book6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsDonaldsonCoxeKnight1885" class="citation web cs1">Roberts, Alexander; Donaldson, James; Coxe, A. Cleveland; Knight, Kevin, eds. (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0301.htm">"Church Fathers: Apology (Tertullian) - Chapter 16"</a>. <i>New Advent</i>. Translated by Thelwall, S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312152944/https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0301.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2024. <q>Then, if any of you think we render superstitious adoration to the cross, in that adoration he is sharer with us. If you offer homage to a piece of wood at all, it matters little what it is like when the substance is the same: it is of no consequence the form, if you have the very body of the god. And yet how far does the Athenian Pallas differ from the stock of the cross, or the Pharian Ceres as she is put up uncarved to sale, a mere rough stake and piece of shapeless wood? Every stake fixed in an upright position is a portion of the cross; we render our adoration, if you will have it so, to a god entire and complete. We have shown before that your deities are derived from shapes modelled from the cross.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Advent&rft.atitle=Church+Fathers%3A+Apology+%28Tertullian%29+-+Chapter+16&rft.date=1885&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F0301.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Sed et qui crucis nos religiosos putat, consecraneus noster erit. Cum lignum aliquod propitiatur, viderit habitus, dum materiae qualitas eadem sit; viderit forma, dum id ipsum dei corpus sit. Et tamen quanto distinguitur a crucis stipite Pallas Attica, et Ceres Pharia, quae sine effigie rudi palo et informi ligno prostat? Pars crucis est omne robur, quod erecta statione defigitur; nos, si forte, integrum et totum deum colimus. Diximus originem deorum vestrorum a plastis de cruce induci.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"At every forward step and movement, at every going in and out, when we put on our clothes and shoes, when we bathe, when we sit at table, when we light the lamps, on couch, on seat, in all the ordinary actions of daily life, we trace upon the forehead the sign" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.iv.vi.iii.html"><i>De Corona</i>, chapter 3</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Wood Seymour, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/crossintraditi00seym#page/360/mode/2up">"The Cross in Heraldry"</a>, <i>The Cross in Tradition, History, and Art</i> (1898).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An example of a cruciform arrangement of a character that is itself cruciform is the ligature "EZEN x KASKAL squared", encoded by <a href="/wiki/Unicode_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode cuneiform">Unicode</a> at U+120AD (𒂭).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Florian Cajori, <i>A History of Mathematical Notations</i>. Dover Books on Mathematics (1929), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_byqAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA251">251f.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://symbolonly.com/cross-symbol.html">"Cross symbol"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cross+symbol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsymbolonly.com%2Fcross-symbol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Chevalier, Jean (1997). <i>The Penguin Dictionary of Symbols</i>. Penguin. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-051254-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-051254-3">0-14-051254-3</a>.</li> <li>Drury, Nevill (1985). <i>Dictionary of Mysticism and the Occult</i>. Harper & Row. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-062093-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-062093-5">0-06-062093-5</a>.</li> <li>Koch, Rudolf (1955). <i>The Book of Signs</i>. Dover, NY. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-20162-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-20162-7">0-486-20162-7</a>.</li> <li>Webber, F. R. (1927, rev. 1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/churchsymbolisme0000webb/mode/2up"><i>Church Symbolism: An Explanation of the More Important Symbols of the Old and New Testament, the Primitive, the Mediaeval and the Modern Church</i></a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>)</span>. Cleveland, OH. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/236708">236708</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crosses" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Crosses">Crosses</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cross" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Cross">Cross</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seiyaku.com/customs/crosses/index-all.php">Seiyaku.com</a>, all Crosses—probably the largest collection on the Internet</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faruzo.com/blog/different-types-of-crosses/">Variations of Crosses – Images and Meanings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crosscrucifix.com/glossaryhome.htm">Cross & Crucifix</a>—Glossary: Forms and Topics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasrani.net/2008/02/29/analogical-review-on-st-thomas-cross-the-symbol-of-nasranis/">Nasrani.net</a>, Indian Cross</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100507030114/http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-christian-cross-of-jesus-christ-christianity-symbols-images-clip-art-designs.html">The Christian Cross of Jesus Christ: Symbols of Christianity, Images, Designs and representations of it as objects of devotion</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crosses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_crosses" title="Template:Christian crosses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_crosses" title="Template talk:Christian crosses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_crosses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian crosses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crosses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross_variants" title="Christian cross variants">Crosses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In modern use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sardinia,_Italy_(1950%E2%80%931999).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Alcoraz" title="Cross of Alcoraz">Alcoraz</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anchor_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anchored_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchored Cross">Anchored/Saint Clement</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg/20px-Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg/30px-Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg/40px-Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura_cross" title="Anuradhapura cross">Anuradhapura</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archangel%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_the_Archangels" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of the Archangels">Archangels</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarchal_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Archiepiscopal_cross" title="Archiepiscopal cross">Archiepiscopal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armcross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Armcross.svg/15px-Armcross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Armcross.svg/23px-Armcross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Armcross.svg/31px-Armcross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cross" title="Armenian Cross">Armenian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_barby_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross" title="Arrow Cross">Arrow/Barby</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkenkreuz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Balkenkreuz.svg/20px-Balkenkreuz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Balkenkreuz.svg/30px-Balkenkreuz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Balkenkreuz.svg/40px-Balkenkreuz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Balkenkreuz" title="Balkenkreuz">Balkenkreuz</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolnisi_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bolnisi_cross.svg/20px-Bolnisi_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bolnisi_cross.svg/30px-Bolnisi_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bolnisi_cross.svg/40px-Bolnisi_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="740" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolnisi_cross" title="Bolnisi cross">Bolnisi</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_bottony_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_bottony" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross bottony">Bottony</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astkreuz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Astkreuz.svg/18px-Astkreuz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Astkreuz.svg/27px-Astkreuz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Astkreuz.svg/36px-Astkreuz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> Branch</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg/15px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg/22px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg/30px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian cross">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Burgundy_(Template).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="294" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Burgundy" title="Cross of Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ByzantineCross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/14px-ByzantineCross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/22px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/29px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="581" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine cross">Byzantine</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calvary_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Calvary_(sculpture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvary (sculpture)">Calvary</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camargue_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Camargue" title="Cross of Camargue">Camargue</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantercross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cantercross.svg/20px-Cantercross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cantercross.svg/30px-Cantercross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cantercross.svg/40px-Cantercross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_cross" title="Canterbury cross">Canterbury</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Breaking_wheel#Execution_of_St._Catherine" title="Breaking wheel">Catherine wheel</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossed_circle_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Variant</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_cercelee_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cercel%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercelée">Cercelée</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/20px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/30px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/40px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coptic_cross" title="Coptic cross">Coptic</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cossack_Cross.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cossack_Cross.png/20px-Cossack_Cross.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cossack_Cross.png/30px-Cossack_Cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cossack_Cross.png/40px-Cossack_Cross.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cossack_cross" title="Cossack cross">Cossack</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_crosslet_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_crosslet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross crosslet">Crosslet</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg/17px-Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg/26px-Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg/34px-Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="597" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_crosslet_fitchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross crosslet fitchy">Fitchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Crucifix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Christ_Crucifix.svg/9px-Christ_Crucifix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Christ_Crucifix.svg/14px-Christ_Crucifix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Christ_Crucifix.svg/19px-Christ_Crucifix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="880" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_and_disc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cross_and_disc.svg/20px-Cross_and_disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cross_and_disc.svg/30px-Cross_and_disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cross_and_disc.svg/40px-Cross_and_disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="124" data-file-height="124" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cruciform_halo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruciform halo">Cruciform halo</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> Double</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopian_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cross" title="Ethiopian cross">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg/13px-Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg/19px-Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="872" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_the_Evangelists" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of the Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_flory_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_fleury" title="Cross fleury">Fleury</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg/14px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg/21px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg/29px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_fleury" title="Cross fleury">Fitchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forked_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Forked_cross" title="Forked cross">Forked</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_fourchy_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_fourchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross fourchy">Fourchy</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fylfot_(blue).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg/20px-Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg/30px-Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg/40px-Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fylfot" title="Fylfot">Fylfot</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banded_globus_cruciger_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger">Globus cruciger</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a>'s variant</li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Coptic_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gnostic_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostic cross">Gnostic</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grapevine_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grapevine_cross" title="Grapevine cross">Grapevine/Saint Nino</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_orthodox_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox cross">Greek Orthodox</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huguenot_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Huguenot_cross.svg/16px-Huguenot_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Huguenot_cross.svg/23px-Huguenot_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Huguenot_cross.svg/31px-Huguenot_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Huguenot_cross" title="Huguenot cross">Huguenot</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_Cross.svg/20px-German_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_Cross.svg/30px-German_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_Cross.svg/40px-German_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Jeremiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_cross" title="Jerusalem cross">Jerusalem/Crusaders</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_cross_potent_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem cross">Jerusalem (Kingdom)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin/Roman</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macedonian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Macedonian_cross.svg/20px-Macedonian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Macedonian_cross.svg/30px-Macedonian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Macedonian_cross.svg/40px-Macedonian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Cross" title="Macedonian Cross">Macedonian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maltese_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/20px-Maltese_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/30px-Maltese_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/40px-Maltese_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marada_Movement" title="Marada Movement">Marada</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marian_Cross.svg/15px-Marian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marian_Cross.svg/23px-Marian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marian_Cross.svg/31px-Marian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Marian_Cross" title="Marian Cross">Marian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maronite_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maronite_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite cross">Maronite</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_moline_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_moline" title="Cross moline">Moline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Philip%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Cross">Nordic</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Novgorod.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/17px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/25px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/34px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="784" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Novgorod">Novgorod</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathar_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cathar_cross.svg/20px-Cathar_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cathar_cross.svg/30px-Cathar_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cathar_cross.svg/40px-Cathar_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Occitan_cross" title="Occitan cross">Occitan</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OrderOfCristCross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/OrderOfCristCross.svg/20px-OrderOfCristCross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/OrderOfCristCross.svg/30px-OrderOfCristCross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/OrderOfCristCross.svg/40px-OrderOfCristCross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Christ_Cross" title="Order of Christ Cross">Order of Christ</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papal_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Papal_cross" title="Papal cross">Papal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/20px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/30px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/40px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_patonce" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross patonce">Patonce</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_patt%C3%A9e" title="Cross pattée">Pattée</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_pattee_fitchee_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg/20px-Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg/30px-Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg/40px-Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_patt%C3%A9e_fitch%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross pattée fitchée">Fitchée</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarchal_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_cross" title="Patriarchal cross">Patriarchal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_pommee_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pommy_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Pommy cross">Pommy</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portate_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Portate cross">Portate/Saint Gilbert</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_potent_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_potent" title="Cross potent">Potent</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_quadrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross quadrate">Quadrate</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg/20px-Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg/30px-Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg/40px-Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a></span> Resistance</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_symbol_(small,_bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/20px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/30px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/40px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ringed_cross" title="Ringed cross">Ringed</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_cross_(religion)" title="Russian cross (religion)">Russian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Orthodox_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_cross" title="Russian Orthodox cross">Russian Orthodox</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Salem_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Salem" title="Cross of Salem">Salem</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">Saltire/Saint Andrew</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Saint Chad">Saint Chad</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saint_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Saint_David.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saint_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Saint_David.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saint_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Saint_David.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="613" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saint_David" title="Flag of Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FlorianCross_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FlorianCross_1.svg/20px-FlorianCross_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FlorianCross_1.svg/30px-FlorianCross_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FlorianCross_1.svg/40px-FlorianCross_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Florian" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Florian">Saint Florian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_George%27s_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/St_George%27s_Cross.svg/20px-St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/St_George%27s_Cross.svg/30px-St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/St_George%27s_Cross.svg/40px-St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="254" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross" title="Saint George's Cross">Saint George</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_Santiago.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cross_Santiago.svg/15px-Cross_Santiago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cross_Santiago.svg/22px-Cross_Santiago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cross_Santiago.svg/29px-Cross_Santiago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1019" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_James" title="Cross of Saint James">Saint James/Santiago</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Saint_John.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cross_of_Saint_John.svg/14px-Cross_of_Saint_John.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cross_of_Saint_John.svg/21px-Cross_of_Saint_John.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cross_of_Saint_John.svg/28px-Cross_of_Saint_John.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Saint John">Saint John</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/20px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/30px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/40px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire" title="Saint Patrick's Saltire">Saint Patrick</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_Peter" title="Cross of Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Philip%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Saint Philip</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cornwall.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Piran%27s_Flag" title="Saint Piran's Flag">Saint Piran</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MarThomaSleeva.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarThomaSleeva.png/14px-MarThomaSleeva.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarThomaSleeva.png/21px-MarThomaSleeva.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarThomaSleeva.png/28px-MarThomaSleeva.png 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="318" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_cross" title="Saint Thomas Christian cross">Saint Thomas</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_cross" title="Serbian cross">Serbian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg/16px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg/24px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg/32px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Orthodox cross">Serbian Orthodox</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg/14px-Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg/21px-Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg/29px-Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="714" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Short Sword</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg/16px-Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg/24px-Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg/32px-Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="375" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syriac_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syriac cross">Syriac (Eastern)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Syriac_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Western_Syriac_Cross.svg/14px-Western_Syriac_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Western_Syriac_Cross.svg/22px-Western_Syriac_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Western_Syriac_Cross.svg/29px-Western_Syriac_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="673" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Western_Syriac_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Syriac cross">Syriac (Western)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tau_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tau_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau Cross">Tau</a>/<a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony%27s_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Anthony's Cross">Saint Anthony</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg/50px-Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg/75px-Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg/100px-Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="757" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-avellane-1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cross-avellane-1.svg/17px-Cross-avellane-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cross-avellane-1.svg/25px-Cross-avellane-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cross-avellane-1.svg/33px-Cross-avellane-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="439" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Avellane_cross" title="Avellane cross">Avellane</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Aviz_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aviz_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviz cross">Aviz</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg/20px-Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg/30px-Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg/40px-Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kroaz_Du" title="Kroaz Du">Black</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blanc_croix_rouge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blanc_croix_rouge.svg/20px-Blanc_croix_rouge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blanc_croix_rouge.svg/30px-Blanc_croix_rouge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blanc_croix_rouge.svg/40px-Blanc_croix_rouge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Blanc croix rouge</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg/20px-St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg/30px-St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg/40px-St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="413" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brigid%27s_cross" title="Brigid's cross">Brigid</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triquetra-Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/20px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/30px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/40px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_cross" title="Carolingian cross">Carolingian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coeur_Chouan_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coeur_Chouan_2.svg/14px-Coeur_Chouan_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coeur_Chouan_2.svg/21px-Coeur_Chouan_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coeur_Chouan_2.svg/28px-Coeur_Chouan_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chouan" title="Chouan">Chouan</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consecration_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Consecration_crosses" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration crosses">Consecration</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_ankh_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coptic_cross" title="Coptic cross">Coptic</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic-Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coptic-Cross.svg/20px-Coptic-Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coptic-Cross.svg/30px-Coptic-Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coptic-Cross.svg/40px-Coptic-Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="568" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Early_Coptic_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Coptic cross">Coptic (Early)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg/20px-Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg/30px-Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg/40px-Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Cross cramponnée</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crosscrown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crosscrown.svg/20px-Crosscrown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crosscrown.svg/30px-Crosscrown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crosscrown.svg/40px-Crosscrown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1133" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_and_Crown" title="Cross and Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg/20px-Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg/30px-Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg/40px-Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert%27s_pectoral_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuthbert's pectoral cross">Cuthbert's pectoral</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Engrailed</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Erminée</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crux_gammata.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Crux_gammata.svg/20px-Crux_gammata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Crux_gammata.svg/30px-Crux_gammata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Crux_gammata.svg/40px-Crux_gammata.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gammadion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gammadion">Gammadion</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruz_de_Asturias.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/15px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/23px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/31px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crux_gemmata" title="Crux gemmata">Jewelled</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katanga_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Katanga_Cross.svg/20px-Katanga_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Katanga_Cross.svg/30px-Katanga_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Katanga_Cross.svg/40px-Katanga_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Katanga_Cross" title="Katanga Cross">Katanga</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus%27_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazarus' cross">Lazarus</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Lorraine_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine" title="Cross of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg/20px-Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg/30px-Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg/40px-Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Neith" title="Cross of Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg/18px-Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg/27px-Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg/37px-Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="484" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_cross" title="Nestorian cross">Nestorian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg/20px-Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg/30px-Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg/40px-Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="121" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Pe%C3%B1alba" title="Cross of Peñalba">Peñalba</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_pierced_(round).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg/20px-Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg/30px-Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg/40px-Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierced_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierced cross">Pierced</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CrossQuarterPierced.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CrossQuarterPierced.svg/14px-CrossQuarterPierced.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CrossQuarterPierced.svg/21px-CrossQuarterPierced.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CrossQuarterPierced.svg/28px-CrossQuarterPierced.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierced_cross_quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierced cross quarterly">Quarterly</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg/20px-Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg/30px-Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg/40px-Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban%27s_Cross" title="Saint Alban's Cross">Saint Alban</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Julian%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Julian%27s_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Julian's cross">Saint Julian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/20px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/30px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/40px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights Templar cross">Templar</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg/16px-Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg/24px-Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg/32px-Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="214" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order#Insignia" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Lorraine_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Two-barred_cross" title="Two-barred cross">Two-barred</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victory_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Victory_Cross.svg/16px-Victory_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Victory_Cross.svg/23px-Victory_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Victory_Cross.svg/31px-Victory_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="510" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Victory_Cross" title="Victory Cross">Victory</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_voided_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> Voided</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_cross" title="Blessing cross">Blessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliation_cross" title="Conciliation cross">Conciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Heraldry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic cross">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_cross" title="Pisan cross">Pisan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_cross" title="Market cross">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercat_cross" title="Mercat cross">Mercat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_cross" title="Memorial cross">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_cross" title="Mission cross">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_necklace" title="Cross necklace">Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">Pectoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plague_cross" title="Plague cross">Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preaching_cross" title="Preaching cross">Preaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lalibela_Cross" title="Lalibela Cross">Lalibela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood" title="Rood">Rood/Triumphal cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_cross" title="Summit cross">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayside_cross" title="Wayside cross">Wayside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christogram" title="Christogram">Christograms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chrismons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chi_Rho_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iota_Chi_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IX_monogram" title="IX monogram">IX monogram</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/13px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/20px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/27px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Labarum" title="Labarum">Labarum</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlemagne_autograph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/20px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/30px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/40px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="509" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Staurogram_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Staurogram" title="Staurogram">Staurogram/Monogrammatic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">Tau</a> <a href="/wiki/Rho" title="Rho">Rho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankh_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ankh_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ankh_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ankh_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmenianEternity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ArmenianEternity.svg/20px-ArmenianEternity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ArmenianEternity.svg/30px-ArmenianEternity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ArmenianEternity.svg/40px-ArmenianEternity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_eternity_sign" title="Armenian eternity sign">Armenian eternity sign</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ichthys_symbol_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ichthys_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Ichthys_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ichthys_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Ichthys_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ichthys_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Ichthys_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ichthys" title="Ichthys">Ichthys</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irminsul.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Irminsul.svg/20px-Irminsul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Irminsul.svg/30px-Irminsul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Irminsul.svg/40px-Irminsul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irminsul" title="Irminsul">Irminsul</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolovrat_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)_Swastika_(%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)_-_Rodnovery.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kolovrat_%28%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%29_Swastika_%28%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_-_Rodnovery.svg/20px-Kolovrat_%28%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%29_Swastika_%28%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_-_Rodnovery.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kolovrat_%28%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%29_Swastika_%28%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_-_Rodnovery.svg/30px-Kolovrat_%28%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%29_Swastika_%28%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_-_Rodnovery.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kolovrat_%28%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%29_Swastika_%28%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_-_Rodnovery.svg/40px-Kolovrat_%28%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%29_Swastika_%28%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29_-_Rodnovery.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kolovrat_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolovrat (symbol)">Kolovrat</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lauburu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lauburu.svg/20px-Lauburu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lauburu.svg/30px-Lauburu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Lauburu.svg/40px-Lauburu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="123" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lauburu" title="Lauburu">Lauburu</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thor%27s_Hammer-Mj%C3%B6lnir.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Thor%27s_Hammer-Mj%C3%B6lnir.svg/19px-Thor%27s_Hammer-Mj%C3%B6lnir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Thor%27s_Hammer-Mj%C3%B6lnir.svg/29px-Thor%27s_Hammer-Mj%C3%B6lnir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Thor%27s_Hammer-Mj%C3%B6lnir.svg/39px-Thor%27s_Hammer-Mj%C3%B6lnir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mj%C3%B6lnir" title="Mjölnir">Mjölnir</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosy_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rosy_Cross.svg/16px-Rosy_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rosy_Cross.svg/24px-Rosy_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rosy_Cross.svg/32px-Rosy_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rose_Cross" title="Rose Cross">Rose</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_III_Rota.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alexander_III_Rota.png/20px-Alexander_III_Rota.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alexander_III_Rota.png/30px-Alexander_III_Rota.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alexander_III_Rota.png/40px-Alexander_III_Rota.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="258" /></a></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Rota_(papal_signature)" title="Rota (papal signature)">Rota</a></i></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solomons-knot-square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Solomons-knot-square.svg/20px-Solomons-knot-square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Solomons-knot-square.svg/30px-Solomons-knot-square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Solomons-knot-square.svg/40px-Solomons-knot-square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="576" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_knot" title="Solomon's knot">Solomon's knot</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scientology_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Scientology_symbol.svg/16px-Scientology_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Scientology_symbol.svg/24px-Scientology_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Scientology_symbol.svg/33px-Scientology_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Scientology_cross" title="Scientology cross">Scientology</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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