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ns-subject mw-editable page-França rootpage-França skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vejatz lo contengut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menut principal/Menut principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a 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accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Fran%C3%A7a" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Fran%C3%A7a" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Fran%C3%A7a" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Fran%C3%A7a" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De_la_Preïstòria_a_l'Empèri_Roman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_la_Preïstòria_a_l'Empèri_Roman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>De la Preïstòria a l'Empèri Roman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_la_Preïstòria_a_l'Empèri_Roman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'Edat_Mejana_e_la_formacion_de_França" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'Edat_Mejana_e_la_formacion_de_França"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>L'Edat Mejana e la formacion de França</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'Edat_Mejana_e_la_formacion_de_França-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Renaissança_e_l'apogèu_de_la_monarquia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Renaissança_e_l'apogèu_de_la_monarquia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>La Renaissança e l'apogèu de la monarquia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Renaissança_e_l'apogèu_de_la_monarquia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_periòde_revolucionari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_periòde_revolucionari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Lo periòde revolucionari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_periòde_revolucionari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_sègle_xix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_sègle_xix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Lo sègle <span>xix</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_sègle_xix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_guèrras_mondialas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_guèrras_mondialas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Lei guèrras mondialas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_guèrras_mondialas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-França_dempuei_la_Liberacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#França_dempuei_la_Liberacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>França dempuei la Liberacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-França_dempuei_la_Liberacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Geografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Localizacion_e_frontieras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Localizacion_e_frontieras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Localizacion e frontieras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Localizacion_e_frontieras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia_fisica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_fisica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Geografia fisica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia_fisica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reparticion_espaciala_de_la_populacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reparticion_espaciala_de_la_populacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Reparticion espaciala de la populacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reparticion_espaciala_de_la_populacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Axes_de_comunicacion_e_de_transpòrts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axes_de_comunicacion_e_de_transpòrts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Axes de comunicacion e de transpòrts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axes_de_comunicacion_e_de_transpòrts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_sociala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_politica_e_sociala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizacion politica e sociala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_sociala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Organizacion politica e sociala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_politica_e_sociala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forma_de_l'Estat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forma_de_l'Estat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Forma de l'Estat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forma_de_l'Estat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simbòls_de_l'Estat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbòls_de_l'Estat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Simbòls de l'Estat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbòls_de_l'Estat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacion_territoriala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_territoriala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Organizacion territoriala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_territoriala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lengas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lengas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Lengas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lengas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Educacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redistribucion_sociala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redistribucion_sociala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Redistribucion sociala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redistribucion_sociala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Economia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Agricultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Industria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Servicis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Servicis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Servicis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Servicis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recèrca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recèrca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Recèrca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recèrca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomacia_e_defensa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomacia_e_defensa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Diplomacia e defensa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diplomacia_e_defensa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Diplomacia e defensa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diplomacia_e_defensa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apartenéncia_ais_institucions_internacionalas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartenéncia_ais_institucions_internacionalas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Apartenéncia ais institucions internacionalas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartenéncia_ais_institucions_internacionalas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politica_estrangiera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica_estrangiera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Politica estrangiera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politica_estrangiera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fòrças_armadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fòrças_armadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Fòrças armadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fòrças_armadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Cultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arquitectura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arquitectura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Arquitectura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arquitectura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pintura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pintura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Pintura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pintura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Musica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinèma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinèma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Cinèma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinèma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vejatz_tanben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vejatz_tanben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vejatz tanben</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ligams extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">França</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 309 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-309" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">309 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Франциа - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Франциа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peurancih" title="Peurancih - atjeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atjeh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Францие - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%A3%E1%8B%AD" title="ፈረንሣይ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሣይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francland" title="Francland - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Francland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furans" title="Furans - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Furans" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرنسا - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%90" title="ܦܪܢܣܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܢܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرانسا - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فرانسا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فرنسا - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্ৰান্স - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফ্ৰান্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - atacama" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atacama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Паранс - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya" title="Phransiya - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Prancūzėjė - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paransis" title="Paransis - batak toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Paransis" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransya" title="Pransya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pransya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Францыя - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasman" title="Prasman - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Prasman" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franis" title="Franis - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Franis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancis" title="Parancis - banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0ransi" title="Fàransi - bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Fàransi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্রান্স - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སི། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ফ্রান্স - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-C%27hall" title="Bro-C'hall - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-C'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94" title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ - buginés" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-gu%C3%B3k" title="Huák-guók - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%A5%E1%8F%B1" title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ - cheroqui" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroqui" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - xeiene" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="xeiene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="فەڕەنسا - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkistan" title="Frenkistan - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenkistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francie" title="Francie - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%ABj%C3%B4" title="Francëjô - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Франкїꙗ - eslavon" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Франци - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska" title="Francojska - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis - dusun central" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B" title="ཕརཱནསི་ - dzongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཕརཱནསི་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γαλλία - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francio" title="Francio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farayse" title="Farayse - ful" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Farayse" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ful" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanise" title="Varanise - fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Varanise" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakland" title="Frakland - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frakland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flans%C3%A9t%C3%B2" title="Flansétò - fòn" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansétò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fòn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A5nkrik" title="Frånkrik - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Frånkrik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhrainc" title="An Fhrainc - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhrainc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C5%A3iya" title="Franţiya - gagaús" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franţiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafrans" title="Lafrans - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lafrans" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraing" title="An Fhraing - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Fhraing" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A3sia" title="Hyãsia - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस - concani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="concani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8" title="ફ્રાન્સ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફ્રાન્સ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Rank" title="Yn Rank - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Rank" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransa" title="Faransa - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-koet" title="Fap-koet - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palani" title="Palani - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="צרפת - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ़्रान्स - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska" title="Francoska - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francoska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciaorsz%C3%A1g" title="Franciaország - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franciaország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսիա - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1" title="Ֆրանսա - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranchis" title="Peranchis - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransia" title="Pransia - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pransia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Фаьренгехье - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frakkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%97%E1%95%8C%E1%93%90%E1%94%85" title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ - inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="フランス - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasygu%27e" title="fasygu'e - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საფრანგეთი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciya" title="Franciya - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Franciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Фрэндж - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэндж" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C9%A9%C9%A9" title="Fransɩɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%CC%B1ransa_(a%CC%B1byin)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin) - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwalansa" title="Fwalansa - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Fwalansa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranja" title="Baranja - kikuiu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Baranja" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="បារាំង - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បារាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Франс - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франс" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%B3" title="فرٛانٛس - cashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرٛانٛس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich - kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Прансузму - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Прансузму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Frynk" title="Pow Frynk - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Frynk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankr%C3%A4ich" title="Frankräich - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufalansa" title="Bufalansa - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Bufalansa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzia" title="Franzia - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Franzia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A0ncia" title="Frància - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Frància" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falansia" title="Falansia - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzija" title="Prancūzija - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%86ceja" title="Praņceja - latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis - madurès" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кранцмастор - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранцмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsa" title="Frantsa - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frantsa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Франций - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Франций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%ABw%C4%AB" title="Wīwī - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancih" title="Parancih - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parancih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Франција - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫ്രാൻസ് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Франц - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ncia" title="Fráncia - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Fráncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Франция Мастор - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Франция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रान्स - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%99%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AC%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ - n’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1%C3%A1ghahii_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsii" title="Frantsii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firaansi" title="Firaansi - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Firaansi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Франц - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franche" title="Franche - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Franche" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich - alemany pennsilvanià" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="alemany pennsilvanià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich - alemany palatí" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="alemany palatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="फ्रांस - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francja" title="Francja - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γαλλία - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="فرانسه - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransiya" title="Ransiya - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Frantscha" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchiya" title="Franchiya - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Franchiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa - rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Franța" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2n%C8%9Bie" title="Frânție - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Frânție" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frange" title="Frange - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Frange" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Франція - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="फ्रान्सदेशः - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रान्सदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Быраансыйа - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Быраансыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantza" title="Frantza - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Frantza" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriika" title="Frankriika - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Frankriika" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%C3%A2nzi" title="Farânzi - sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Farânzi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%E1%B9%9Ban%E1%B9%A3a" title="Fṛanṣa - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Fṛanṣa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්‍රංශය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko" title="Francúzsko - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farani" title="Farani - samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furanzi" title="Furanzi - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Furanzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransiiska" title="Faransiiska - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faransiiska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Француска - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskondre" title="Franskondre - sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Franskondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora - soto del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="soto del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francyj%C5%8F" title="Francyjŏ - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="பிரான்சு - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్రాన్స్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రాన్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Фаронса - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фаронса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B3" title="ፈረንሳ - tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፈረንሳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi%C3%BDa" title="Fransiýa - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%C9%99ngyston" title="Fyrəngyston - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora - setswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="setswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falanis%C4%93" title="Falanisē - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Falanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frens" title="Frens - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furhwa" title="Furhwa - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Furhwa" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%C4%81ni" title="Farāni - tahician" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - tuvinià" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="فرانسىيە - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فرانسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Франція - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فرانس - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francii" title="Francii - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1p" title="Pháp - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrankryk" title="Vrankryk - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vrankryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A4n" title="Fransän - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransya" title="Fransya - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fransya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraas" title="Faraas - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Пранцсин Орн - kalmoc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmoc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi" title="Fransi - xhòsa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Fransi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhòsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="საფრანგეთი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A" title="פראנקרייך - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנקרייך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Fránsì - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazgoz" title="Fazgoz - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9A%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-kok" title="Hoat-kok - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q142#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discutir:Fran%C3%A7a" rel="discussion" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bóstia d'aisinas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bóstia d'aisinas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aisinas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai d'opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=history"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generau </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_ligadas/Fran%C3%A7a" title="Lista de las paginas ligadas a aquesta. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Fran%C3%A7a" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguit dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas" title="Lista de totas las paginas especialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&oldid=2453198" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Fran%C3%A7a&id=2453198&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFran%25C3%25A7a"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFran%25C3%25A7a"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Fran%C3%A7a"><span>Crear un libre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fran%C3%A7a&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telecargar coma PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&printable=yes" title="Version imprimibla d'aquesta pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimibla</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dins d'autres projèctes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/France" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q142" title="Ligam cap a l’element de referencial de las donadas connectadas [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1000_articles_fondamentals" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span title="Tièra de 1000 articles que totas las Wikipèdias deurián aver."><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="//oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Ti%C3%A8ra_de_1000_articles_que_totas_las_Wikip%C3%A8dias_deuri%C3%A1n_aver"><img alt="Tièra de 1000 articles que totas las Wikipèdias deurián aver." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/24px-1000F.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/36px-1000F.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/49px-1000F.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="908" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigit dempuèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estat_franc%C3%A9s&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat francés">Estat francés</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2444490">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:23.7em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:super;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #c2c2c1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #e7e7e7}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2444490"> <table class="infobox infobox geografia vcard" style="border-spacing:3.8px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;">França</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/120px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/180px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/240px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/75px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/113px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="364" /></a></span> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Bandi%C3%A8ra_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Bandièra de França">Bandièra</a></div> <div><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165432" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q165432">Escut d'armas</a></div></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imne_nacional" title="Imne nacional">Imne</a>: « <a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a> »<br /> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="140" style="width:140px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="La_Marseillaise.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=eo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eo" label="Esperanto ‪(eo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=gl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gl" label="galego ‪(gl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=haw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="haw" label="Hawaiʻi ‪(haw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=hi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hi" label="हिन्दी ‪(hi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=hr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hr" label="hrvatski ‪(hr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=kk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kk" label="қазақша ‪(kk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=mk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mk" label="македонски ‪(mk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=oc&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="oc" label="occitan ‪(oc)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=sk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sk" label="slovenčina ‪(sk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Devisa_nacionala" title="Devisa nacionala">Devisa</a>: « Liberté, égalité, fraternité. »</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Localizacion"><img alt="Localizacion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/270px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/405px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/540px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="2394" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Capitala<div class="ib-geografia-text">e ciutat mai granda</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" title="Mapas, vistas aerianas, etc."><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=oc&pagename=Fran%C3%A7a&params=47_N_2_E_"><span class="h-geo geo-dms"><data class="p-latitude" value="47">47° N</data>, <data class="p-longitude" value="2">2° E</data></span></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lenga_oficiala" title="Lenga oficiala">Lengas oficialas</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a><sup id="NPP_(a)_back"><a href="#NPP_(a)">(a)</a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Gentilici</div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">francés -esa</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Forma de govèrn</div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">Republica</a> <a href="/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_semipresidencial" title="Sistèma semipresidencial">semipresidenciala</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• <a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_presidents_de_la_Republica_Francesa" title="Lista dels presidents de la Republica Francesa">President</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_Primi%C3%A8rs_ministres_de_Fran%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista dels Primièrs ministres de França">Primièr Ministre</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Senat_franc%C3%A9s" title="Senat francés">President del Senat</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Assemblada_Nacionala_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Assemblada Nacionala (França)">President de l'Assemblada Nacionala</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> <br /><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Barnier" class="extiw" title="fr:Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a><br /><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Larcher" title="Gérard Larcher">Gérard Larcher</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%ABl_Braun_Pivet" title="Yaël Braun Pivet">Yaël Braun Pivet</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Superf%C3%ADcia" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Superfícia">Superfícia</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_superf%C3%ADcia" title="Lista dels païses per superfícia"> 41<sup>en</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">551 695<sup id="NPP_(b)_back"><a href="#NPP_(b)">(b)</a></sup> <abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Aiga </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">0,26 %</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Populacion" title="Populacion">Populacion</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_populacion" title="Lista dels païses per populacion">20<sup>en</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala (2012)</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">63 460 000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ab.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• <a href="/wiki/Densitat_de_populacion" title="Densitat de populacion">Densitat</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">116 ab./<abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Produch_interior_brut" title="Produch interior brut">PIB</a></b> (2016)</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">2463 miliard <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Indici_de_desvolopament_uman" title="Indici de desvolopament uman">IDH</a></b> (2016)</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><span style="color:#00cc33; font-size:11pt">▲</span> 0,897</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">Moneda</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88uro" title="Èuro">Èuro</a> (excèpte en los departaments del Pacific) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142?uselang=oc#identifiers" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (<code>EUR</code>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_indicatius_telefonics_internacionals_per_pa%C3%ADs" title="Lista dels indicatius telefonics internacionals per país">Indicatiu telefonic</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">33<sup id="NPP_(c)_back"><a href="#NPP_(c)">(c)</a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">FR</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Fus_orari" title="Fus orari">Fus orari</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">+1: (<a href="/w/index.php?title=CET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CET (la pagina existís pas)">CET</a>);<br />Ora d'estiu: <a href="/wiki/Temps_Universal_Coordenat" title="Temps Universal Coordenat">UTC</a>+2: (<a href="/w/index.php?title=CEST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CEST (la pagina existís pas)">CEST</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Domeni_de_primi%C3%A8r_niv%C3%A8l" title="Domeni de primièr nivèl">Domeni internet</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">.fr<sup id="NPP_(d)_back"><a href="#NPP_(d)">(d)</a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><span class="references"><div id="NPP_(a)">(a). <a href="#NPP_(a)_back"><b>^</b></a> Confòrmament a l'article 2 de la Constitucion Francesa de 1958, rectificat lo 25 de junh de 1992, la «lenga de la Republica es lo francés».</div></span> <span class="references"><div id="NPP_(b)">(b). <a href="#NPP_(b)_back"><b>^</b></a> 543 940 km² per la França Metropolitana, 92 149 km² per lei DROM, 23 135 km² per lei COM, 7 659 km² per lei TAAF e 7 km² per Clipperton).</div></span> <span class="references"><div id="NPP_(c)">(c). <a href="#NPP_(c)_back"><b>^</b></a> +590 (<a href="/wiki/Guadalope" title="Guadalope">Guadalope</a>), +596 (<a href="/wiki/Martinica" title="Martinica">Martinica</a>), +594 (<a href="/wiki/Guaiana" title="Guaiana">Guaiana</a>), +262 (<a href="/wiki/Re%C3%BCnion" title="Reünion">Reünion</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mai%C3%B2ta" title="Maiòta">Maiòta</a>), +687 (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Caled%C3%B2nia" title="Nòva Caledònia">Nòva Caledònia</a>), +689 (<a href="/wiki/Polinesia_Francesa" title="Polinesia Francesa">Polinesia Francesa</a>), +681 (<a href="/wiki/Wallis_e_Futuna" title="Wallis e Futuna">Wallis e Futuna</a>), +508 (<a href="/wiki/Sant_P%C3%A8ire_e_Miquelon" title="Sant Pèire e Miquelon">Sant Pèire e Miquelon</a>)</div></span> <span class="references"><div id="NPP_(d)">(d). <a href="#NPP_(d)_back"><b>^</b></a> <a href="/wiki/.re" title=".re">.re</a>, <a href="/wiki/.mq" title=".mq">.mq</a>, <a href="/wiki/.gp" title=".gp">.gp</a>, <a href="/wiki/.tf" title=".tf">.tf</a>, <a href="/wiki/.nc" title=".nc">.nc</a>, <a href="/wiki/.pf" title=".pf">.pf</a>, <a href="/wiki/.wf" title=".wf">.wf</a>, <a href="/wiki/.pm" title=".pm">.pm</a>, <a href="/wiki/.gf" title=".gf">.gf</a> e <a href="/wiki/.yt" title=".yt">.yt</a> per lei departaments e territòris, aitau coma <a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a>, amb leis autres membres de l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa">Union Europèa</a>.</div></span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">modificar</span></a></span> <span title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Infodoc" title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><img alt="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>França</b> (<small>prononciat </small><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI"><span style="border-bottom: 1px #000000 dotted;">/ˈfɾan.sɑ/</span></a> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c7\/Oc-Fran%C3%A7a.ogg\/Oc-Fran%C3%A7a.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"oc","wikibase":"","file":"Oc-Fran\u00e7a.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/Oc-Fran%C3%A7a.ogg/Oc-Fran%C3%A7a.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reprodueix l'àudio" title="Reprodueix l'àudio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Oc-Fran%C3%A7a.ogg" title="Fichièr:Oc-França.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> o <small></small><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI"><span style="border-bottom: 1px #000000 dotted;">/ˈfɾan.sa/</span></a> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5b\/Q14185_%28oc%29-Fran%C3%A7a-Dij%C3%B2us12.wav\/Q14185_%28oc%29-Fran%C3%A7a-Dij%C3%B2us12.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"oc","wikibase":"","file":"Q14185 (oc)-Fran\u00e7a-Dij\u00f2us12.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/Q14185_%28oc%29-Fran%C3%A7a-Dij%C3%B2us12.wav/Q14185_%28oc%29-Fran%C3%A7a-Dij%C3%B2us12.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reprodueix l'àudio" title="Reprodueix l'àudio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Q14185_(oc)-Fran%C3%A7a-Dij%C3%B2us12.wav" title="Fichièr:Q14185 (oc)-França-Dijòus12.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; en <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>: <i>France</i> <small></small><span title="Prononciacion en AFI" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[fʁɑ̃s]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6e\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fhala.K-France.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fhala.K-France.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"oc","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-France.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fhala.K-France.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fhala.K-France.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reprodueix l'àudio" title="Reprodueix l'àudio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:LL-Q150_(fra)-Fhala.K-France.wav" title="Fichièr:LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-France.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), oficialament la <b>Republica Francesa</b> (en francés: <i>République française</i>), es un <a href="/wiki/Estat_sobeiran" title="Estat sobeiran">estat sobeiran</a> que la màger part de son territòri se situa en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Occidentala" title="Euròpa Occidentala">Occidentala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa capitala es <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a>, sa lenga oficiala lo francés e sa moneda l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88uro" title="Èuro">èuro</a>. França se formèt durant lei primièrs sègles de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> a partir dei territòris romans ocupats per lei <a href="/wiki/Francs" title="Francs">Francs</a> qu'èran un pòble germanic. Venguda una dei poissanças mondialas majoras vèrs lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>, tenguèt un <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">empèri coloniau</a> vast entre lei sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>. Dempuei la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Dusau_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dusau Guèrra Mondiau">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a>, es un membre permanent dau <a href="/wiki/Conselh_de_Securitat_de_las_Nacions_Unidas" title="Conselh de Securitat de las Nacions Unidas">Conseu de Seguretat</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Organizacion_de_las_Nacions_Unidas" title="Organizacion de las Nacions Unidas">ONU</a>, es dotat de l'<a href="/wiki/Arma_nucleara" title="Arma nucleara">arma nucleara</a> e a un ròtle primordiau dins la construccion de l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa">Union Europèa</a>. Fa tanben partida dei poissanças economicas principalas amb una populacion d'aperaquí 67 milions d'abitants e una economia fòrça desvolopada de tipe <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>. Enfin, lo país aguèt una influéncia majora dins lo domeni culturau. </p><p>Una granda part de l’<a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">Occitània</a> caup dins França. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ist%C3%B2ria_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istòria de França (la pagina existís pas)">Istòria de França</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif/220px-Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif/330px-Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif/440px-Frontiere_francaise_985_1947_small.gif 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Evolucion territoriala de França dempuei l'Edat Mejana.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'ocupacion umana dau territòri francés es fòrça ancian. Es poplada dempuei lo Paleolitic e lo Neolitic gràcias a divèrsei migracions de populacions. Vèrs 600 avC, foguèt poblat per lei Cèltas que foguèron conquists per lei Romans en <a href="/wiki/-52" class="mw-redirect" title="-52">52</a> avC. Lo nom de França es eissit d'un pòble germanic ancian que l'existéncia es atestada dempuei lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii</span>. Lor rèi <a href="/wiki/Clodov%C3%A8u_I" title="Clodovèu I">Clodovèu I</a> capitèt de crear una dinastia que foguèt a l'origina d'unei reiaumes partejats entre leis eiretiers de la dinastia. Au sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">viii</span>, foguèt rebutada per lei Carolingians que lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Carlesmanhe" title="Carlesmanhe">Carlesmanhe</a> venguèt emperaire en <a href="/wiki/800" class="mw-redirect" title="800">800</a>. En <a href="/wiki/840" class="mw-redirect" title="840">840</a>, son empèri foguèt partejat entre leis eretiers de son fiu. Foguèt creat sus sa partida occidentala lo reiaume de Franca Occidentala que vendriá pauc a pauc lo reiaume de França. Aquela apelacion apareguèt per lo premier còp en <a href="/wiki/1205" class="mw-redirect" title="1205">1205</a> e demorèt fins a la casuda de la monarquia en <a href="/wiki/1792" class="mw-redirect" title="1792">1792</a>. Lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> veguèt l'aparicion de divèrsei formas d'estats fins a l'adopcion definitiva de la Republica entre <a href="/wiki/1870" class="mw-redirect" title="1870">1870</a> e <a href="/wiki/1875" class="mw-redirect" title="1875">1875</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_la_Preïstòria_a_l'Empèri_Roman"><span id="De_la_Pre.C3.AFst.C3.B2ria_a_l.27Emp.C3.A8ri_Roman"></span>De la Preïstòria a l'Empèri Roman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : De la Preïstòria a l'Empèri Roman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De la Preïstòria a l'Empèri Roman"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Lascaux_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/220px-Lascaux_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/330px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/440px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Pinturas preïstoricas de la <a href="/wiki/Bauma_de_Las_Caus" title="Bauma de Las Caus">Bauma de Las Caus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg/220px-Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg/330px-Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg/440px-Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>Representacion de la capitula de Vercingetorix còntra Juli Cesar en 52 avC.</figcaption></figure> <p>La preséncia umana sus lo territòri es atestada dempuei 1,8 milions d'annadas. Lo clima èra alora relativament malaisat e variable pendent lei diferents periòdes de glaciacion. Ansin, lo país assosta un nombre relativament important de baumas e d'abrics adornats que l'exemple pus conegut es la <a href="/wiki/Bauma_de_Las_Caus" title="Bauma de Las Caus">Bauma de Las Caus</a> en Dordonha. Aqueu periòde s'acabèt vèrs -10 000 amb la fin de l'èra glaciala. A partir de -7000, es lo començament dau <a href="/wiki/Neolitic" title="Neolitic">Neolitic</a>. Lei millennis <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iv</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii</span> avC veguèron un desvolopament demografic e agricòla important e lo començament de l'utilizacion de metaus (<a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coire" title="Coire">coire</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>). Lo <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a> faguèt son aparicion vèrs lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">viii</span>. </p><p>Vèrs -600, lei Grècs de la vila de <a href="/wiki/Foc%C3%A8a" title="Focèa">Focèa</a> fondèron la colonia de <a href="/wiki/Marselha" title="Marselha">Marselha</a> sus la riba mediterranèa. Enterin, de migracions de Cèltas aguèron luòc dins lo país e aqueu pòble ocupèt pauc a pauc la màger part dau territòri entre lei sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">v</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii</span> avC. Aquò entraïnèt l'emergéncia de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0llia" title="Gàllia">Gàllia</a> que venguèt lo nom donat ai regions abitadas per lei populacions cèltas. En <a href="/wiki/-152" class="mw-redirect" title="-152">152</a> avC, lei Romans ne'n realizèron la conquista dau quart sud-èst que formèt la província de la <a href="/wiki/Narbonesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonesa">Narbonesa</a>. Puei, en 58 e 51 avC, <a href="/wiki/Juli_Cesar" title="Juli Cesar">Juli Cesar</a> ocupèt lo rèstade Gàllia après sa victòria còntra l'insureccion dau cap cèlta Vercingetorix. Lo país venguèt donc un element essenciau de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">Empèri Roman</a> en Euròpa Occidentala. Après la conquista, lo poder roman foguèt rarament menaçat per la populacion e una civilizacion novèla faguèt son aparicion, magerament dins lei vilas, entre Romans e Cèltas. D'autra part, l'economia dau país èra dinamica e Gàllia se modernizèt fòrtament amb la construccion d'infrastructuras importantas (teatre, aqüaductes...). Ansin, maugrat la fortificacion de la frontiera de l'Empèri sus lo <a href="/wiki/Ren" class="mw-disambig" title="Ren">Ren</a>, lo país foguèt una buta per leis invasions barbariás e un enjòc major dei luchas intèrnas per la succession imperiala. Lo <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestianisme</a> faguèt tanben son aparicion pendent aqueu periòde. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/406" class="mw-redirect" title="406">406</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0llia" title="Gàllia">Gàllia</a> romana s'afondrèt rapidament durant lei Grandeis Invasions. Tre la mitat dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">v</span>, Alamnans e Francs traversèron <a href="/wiki/Ren" class="mw-disambig" title="Ren">Ren</a> e s'installèron dins lo nòrd de Gàllia. Puei, lei <a href="/wiki/Visig%C3%B2t" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigòt">Visigòts</a> ocupèron <a href="/wiki/Septim%C3%A0nia" title="Septimània">Septimània</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aquit%C3%A0nia" class="mw-disambig" title="Aquitània">Aquitània</a> e lei Burgondis lo centre de Gàllia. De generaus capitèron de mantenir lor preséncia sus divèrsei partidas dau territòri mai lei luchas intèrnas de l'Empèri e lor afebliment progressiu causèron lor casuda vèrs la fin dau sègle. En <a href="/wiki/476" class="mw-redirect" title="476">476</a>, un darrier còp d'estat entraïnèt la fin de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_d%27Occident" title="Empèri Roman d'Occident">Empèri Roman d'Occident</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'Edat_Mejana_e_la_formacion_de_França"><span id="L.27Edat_Mejana_e_la_formacion_de_Fran.C3.A7a"></span>L'Edat Mejana e la formacion de França</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : L'Edat Mejana e la formacion de França" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'Edat Mejana e la formacion de França"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/220px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/330px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg/440px-Chlodwigs_taufe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2969" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Representacion de la conversion au crestianisme de <a href="/wiki/Clodov%C3%A8u_I" title="Clodovèu I">Clodovèu I</a> en <a href="/wiki/496" class="mw-redirect" title="496">496</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans_(1337-1453).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans_%281337-1453%29.png/220px-Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans_%281337-1453%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans_%281337-1453%29.png/330px-Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans_%281337-1453%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans_%281337-1453%29.png/440px-Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans_%281337-1453%29.png 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Guèrra de Cent Ans (1337-1453).</figcaption></figure> <p>Après la fin de la dominacion romana, Gàllia foguèt devesit entre unei pòbles que formèron de reiaumes diferents. En <a href="/wiki/496" class="mw-redirect" title="496">496</a>, la conversion au crestianisme dau rèi franc <a href="/wiki/Clodov%C3%A8u_I" title="Clodovèu I">Clodovèu I</a> li permetèt d'obtenir l'aliança de la Glèisa Catolica. Sa dinastia, dicha <a href="/wiki/Merovingians" title="Merovingians">merovingiana</a>, poguèt establir son poder sus un territòri devesit entre unei reiaumes dirigits per de membres de la mema familha. Aquela dinastia conoguèt de dificultats a partir dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">viii</span> e foguèt rebutada en <a href="/wiki/751" class="mw-redirect" title="751">751</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Carolingian" title="Empèri Carolingian">Carolingians</a>. Sei premiers rèis, Pepin lo Brèu e <a href="/wiki/Carlesmanhe" title="Carlesmanhe">Carlesmanhe</a>, realizèron l'agrandiment dau reiaume e lo segond venguèt Emperaire en <a href="/wiki/800" class="mw-redirect" title="800">800</a>. En <a href="/wiki/840" class="mw-redirect" title="840">840</a>, aquel empèri foguèt partejat entre lei tres eiretiers de son fiu. A l'oèst, se formèt donc lo reaiume de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ia_Occidentala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Françia Occidentala (la pagina existís pas)">Françia Occidentala</a>. Dirigit per lei Carolingians fins a <a href="/wiki/987" class="mw-redirect" title="987">987</a>, aqueu reiaume deguèt luchar còntra divèrseis invasions durant lei sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ix</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">x</span> coma lei <a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">Vikings</a>, leis Ongrians o lei Musulmans. Una societat de tipe <a href="/wiki/Feudalitat" title="Feudalitat">feodau</a> i faguèt son aparicion e devesida leis abitants entre tres òrdres qu'èran lo clergat, la noblesa e lo tèrç estat. </p><p><br /> En <a href="/wiki/987" class="mw-redirect" title="987">987</a>, après la fin de la dinastia carolingiana occidentala, <a href="/wiki/Uc_Capet" title="Uc Capet">Uc Capet</a> foguèt elegit rèi per lo rèsta de l'aristocràcia formant la dinastia novèla dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capecians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capecians (la pagina existís pas)">Capecians</a>. Aquela <a href="/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia">dinastia</a> va regnar, sota de brancas diferentas de la familha, fins au sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. Es tanben lo començament dau procediment d'unificacion de França meme se, au sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">x</span>, la màger part dau territòri reiau es quasi independent. Entre lei sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">x</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span>, lei rèis francés successius capitèron d'aumentar lei territòris sota lor administracion pròpria, dichs <a href="/wiki/Domeni_reiau_franc%C3%A9s" title="Domeni reiau francés">domeni reiau</a>, e prenguèron pauc a pauc l'avantatge sus lei grands senhors feodaus dau reiaume (Flandra, fèus anglés, <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Tolosa" title="Comtat de Tolosa">Tolosa</a>...). </p><p>Lei sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xv</span> veguèron lo debanament d'una crisi grèva (<a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans" title="Guèrra de Cent Ans">Guèrra de Cent Ans</a>) en causa d'un problema de succession per la corona de França entre lei rèis francés e anglés. La màger part dau país foguèt destrucha per lei combats, lei pilhatges e leis epidemias coma aquela de la Pèsta entre <a href="/wiki/1346" class="mw-redirect" title="1346">1346</a> e <a href="/wiki/1349" class="mw-redirect" title="1349">1349</a>. Après de dificultats, la monarquia capitèt de renforçar son poder gràcias a la formacion d'una armada e d'una imposicion permanentas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Renaissança_e_l'apogèu_de_la_monarquia"><span id="La_Renaissan.C3.A7a_e_l.27apog.C3.A8u_de_la_monarquia"></span>La Renaissança e l'apogèu de la monarquia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : La Renaissança e l'apogèu de la monarquia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La Renaissança e l'apogèu de la monarquia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/220px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/330px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg/440px-Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1975" /></a><figcaption>Retrach dau rèi Loís XIV (1643-1715).</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvi</span> foguèt caracterizada per lo renforçament continú dau poder reiau que venguèt pus absolut a l'entorn de la persona dau rèi. L'unificacion dau reiaume contunièt amb l'adopcion dau francés per la redaccion deis actes oficiaus en 1539 e la reünion au domeni reiau de <a href="/wiki/Bretanha_(istorica)" title="Bretanha (istorica)">Bretanha</a> e de la màger part d'<a href="/wiki/Auv%C3%A8rnha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Auvèrnha">Auvèrnha</a>. D'autra part, foguèt tanben lo començament d'una lucha acarnada entre lei reiaumes de França e aquelei de la familha dei Hamsborg (guèrras d'Itàlia). La cultura de l'epòca foguèt egalament fòrtament influenciada per lo movement de la <a href="/wiki/Renaissen%C3%A7a" title="Renaissença">Renaissença</a> vengut d'Itàlia, especialament dins lo domeni deis arts. Pasmens, la fin dau sègle foguèt tornarmai marcat per una crisi grèva que veguèt lo debanament d'unei guèrras religiosas entre Catolics e Protestants (1562-1598). </p><p>L'òrdre foguèt tornarmai establit per lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Enric_de_Borbon" title="Enric de Borbon">Enric IV</a> (1598-1610). Lo règne de son successor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%ADs_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loís de França (la pagina existís pas)">Loís XIII</a> (1610-1643) foguèt caracterizat per lo renforçament dau poder reiaume e per lei rebellions de l'aristocracia per gardar sei privilègis e son poder politic. Lo poder reiau foguèt lo venceire durant lo rèine de Loís XIV (1643-1715) que capitèt de « domesticar » la noblesa e fondèt la monarquia absoluda francesa. Enterin, durant son règne, França venguèt la poissança majora dau continent e realizèt divèrsei conquistas en direccion de l'Èst (Franca Comtat, Alsàcia...). Dins aquò, la fin de son rèine foguèt ensornidas per de reviradas militars e una crisi economica importanta. </p><p>Lo rèine seguent, Loís XV (1715-1774) foguèt donc lo començament d'un declin progressiu de la monarquia absoluda que foguèt pas capabla de faciar sei dificultats economicas. Ansin, França foguèt desfacha durant lei guèrras europèas dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span> perdent son empèri coloniau au profiech d'Anglatèrra en <a href="/wiki/1763" class="mw-redirect" title="1763">1763</a>. Sa revènge en <a href="/wiki/1783" class="mw-redirect" title="1783">1783</a> durant la guèrra d'independéncia deis Estats Units li permetèt pas de redreiçar la situacion que venguèt au contrari pus grèva en causa dei despensas de guèrras, de l'abséncia de conquistas importantas maugrat la victòria e d'una tièra de recoltats marridas. L'òrdre dau <a href="/wiki/Regim_Ancian" class="mw-redirect" title="Regim Ancian">Regime Ancian</a> foguèt donc fòrtament contestat a la fin dau sègle mai leis assais de reformas mau capitèron en causa de la resisténcia dei privilegiats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_periòde_revolucionari"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_revolucionari"></span>Lo periòde revolucionari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde revolucionari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo periòde revolucionari"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Francesa" title="Revolucion Francesa">Revolucion Francesa</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:StormingBastille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/StormingBastille.jpg/220px-StormingBastille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/StormingBastille.jpg/330px-StormingBastille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/StormingBastille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>Presa de la Bastille lo 14 de julhèt de 1789.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg/220px-Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg/330px-Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg/440px-Valmy_Battle_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6926" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption>Batalha de Valmy lo 20 de setembre de 1792.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1789" class="mw-redirect" title="1789">1789</a>, la degradacion dei finanças entraïnèron la convocacion deis <a href="/wiki/Estats_Generaus_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Estats Generaus (França)">Estats Generaus</a> per lo rèi <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_XVI_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís XVI de França"> Loís XVI</a> (<a href="/wiki/1774" class="mw-redirect" title="1774">1774</a>-<a href="/wiki/1792" class="mw-redirect" title="1792">1792</a>). Causant una desirança gròssa de reformas, l'assemblada veguèt rapidament la rebellion dei deputats dau Tèrç Estat que se proclamèron Assemblada Nacionala en <a href="/wiki/1789" class="mw-redirect" title="1789">1789</a> e prenguèron lo poder legislatiu. L'insurreccion parisenca de julhèt de 1789 (presa de la Bastille lo 14) e sa generalizacion au rèsta dau país (Gròssa Paur) durant l'estiu causèt l'abolicion oficiala dei privilègis, l'adopcion de la Declaracion dei Drechs de l'Òme e dau Ciutadan e la disparicion de la monarquia absoluda que foguèt remplaçada per una <a href="/wiki/Monarquia_constitucionala" title="Monarquia constitucionala">monarquia constitucionala</a>. </p><p>Pasmens, lo rèi assaièt de luchar còntra la Revolucion. En <a href="/wiki/1791" class="mw-redirect" title="1791">1791</a>, un assai de fugida vèrs l'estrangier foguèt arrestat a Varennes per leis autoritats de l'Assemblada. Puei, en <a href="/wiki/1792" class="mw-redirect" title="1792">1792</a>, lo rèi acceptèt de declarar la guèrra ais Austrians esperant una desfacha rapida deis armadas revolucionàrias. Lo 10 d'aost de <a href="/wiki/1792" class="mw-redirect" title="1792">1792</a>, una revòuta novèla de la populacion parisenca causèt son arrestacion per traïson. En setembre, l'invasion deis armadas estrangieras foguèt blocada a Valmy e la monarquia abolida per l'Assemblada. Enfin, en genier de 1793, lo rèi foguèt executat après son procès per traïson. Aquò foguèt lo començament d'una guèrra còntra la màger part dei país europèus. Menaçadas a la mitat de <a href="/wiki/1793" class="mw-redirect" title="1793">1793</a>, lei tropas revolucionàrias prenguèron pauc a pauc l'avantatge en <a href="/wiki/1794" class="mw-redirect" title="1794">1794</a> e obtenguèron finalament la victòria en <a href="/wiki/1798" class="mw-redirect" title="1798">1798</a>. </p><p>A l'interior dau país, lo poder foguèt dominat per l'esquèrra revolucionària fins a <a href="/wiki/1794" class="mw-redirect" title="1794">1794</a> (periòde de la Terror) que capitèt d'organizar la defensa dau país e una tièra importanta de reformas. Pasmens, la politica de repression e lei luchas intèrnas de sei membres entraïnèron son rebutament. Après sa casuda, lo poder foguèt ocupat per de movements de drecha que contunièron la guèrra amb succès mai foguèron pas capables de faciar lei dificultats economicas. En <a href="/wiki/1799" class="mw-redirect" title="1799">1799</a>, lo govèrn foguèt donc rebutat per <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> qu'establiguèt un regime autoritari dich Consulat de 1799 a 1804 puei fondèt lo Premier Empèri Francés en <a href="/wiki/1804" class="mw-redirect" title="1804">1804</a>. </p><p>Sota sa direccion, França bateguèt leis autreis poissanças continentalas e i establiguèt sa dominacion. En <a href="/wiki/1810" class="mw-redirect" title="1810">1810</a>, la mitat d'Euròpa èra ocupada per sei fòrças. Pasmens, l'oposicion permanenta d'Anglatèrra e lo desastre de la campanha de Russia (<a href="/wiki/1812" class="mw-redirect" title="1812">1812</a>) foguèron l'ocasion d'una revènge per leis enemics de França. Entre <a href="/wiki/1812" class="mw-redirect" title="1812">1812</a> e <a href="/wiki/1814" class="mw-redirect" title="1814">1814</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon (la pagina existís pas)">Napoleon</a> deguèt pauc a pauc se replegar vèrs França. París foguèt presa en <a href="/wiki/1814" class="mw-redirect" title="1814">1814</a> per leis Aliats entraïnant l'abdicacion de l'emperaire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_sègle_xix"><span id="Lo_s.C3.A8gle_xix"></span>Lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo sègle xix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo sègle xix"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:La_france_en_1920.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/La_france_en_1920.png/220px-La_france_en_1920.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/La_france_en_1920.png/330px-La_france_en_1920.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/La_france_en_1920.png/440px-La_france_en_1920.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Empèri coloniau francés en 1920.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> foguèt caracterizat per una succession de regimes que s'acabèt per l'establiment de la Republica, per un desvolopament economic fòrt e per la conquista d'un empèri coloniau novèu e fòrça important. </p><p>D'efèct, après lo Premier Empèri de Napoleon, leis Aliats establiguèron tornarmai la monarquia dei Borbons. Rebutada en 1830, foguèt remplaçada per la monarquia constitucionala de Loís Felipe fins a 1848. Après un periòde republican brèu entre 1848 e 1852 (II<sup>a</sup> Republica), se formèt lo Segond Empèri que s'afondrèt en 1870 durant la guèrra còntra Prússia. Enfin, leis annadas 1870 venguèron l'emergéncia malaisada de la Tresena Republica que deguèt esquichar l'insurreccion comunista de la <a href="/wiki/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1871)" title="Comuna de París (1871)">Comuna de París</a> (1871) puei luchar còntra la drecha favorabla au retorn de la monarquia. </p><p>Pasmens, maugrat l'agitacion politica, lo país faguèt partida de territòris ont acomencèt la Revolucion Industriala permetent un desvolopament fòrça important dau país que venguèt una dei poissanças economicas majoras de la planeta. Aqueu movement foguèt renforçat per la Tresena Republica que modernizèt tanben leis institucions de la societat : creacion de l'escòla laïca, gratuita e obligatòria (1881-1882), libertats de reünion e de premsa (1881), autorizacion dei sindicats (1884), lèi sus leis associacions (1901) e separacion de l'Estat e de la Glèisa (1905). D'autra part, la Republica s'ocupèt d'accelerar la conquista d'un empèri coloniau novèu que venguèt a la fin dau sègle lo segond après l'Empèri Britanic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lei_guèrras_mondialas"><span id="Lei_gu.C3.A8rras_mondialas"></span>Lei guèrras mondialas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei guèrras mondialas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei guèrras mondialas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:French_87th_Regiment_Cote_34_Verdun_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/French_87th_Regiment_Cote_34_Verdun_1916.jpg/220px-French_87th_Regiment_Cote_34_Verdun_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/French_87th_Regiment_Cote_34_Verdun_1916.jpg/330px-French_87th_Regiment_Cote_34_Verdun_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/French_87th_Regiment_Cote_34_Verdun_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Soudats francés dins lo sector de Verdun durant la <a href="/wiki/Primi%C3%A8ra_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Primièra Guèrra Mondiala">Primièra Guèrra Mondiala</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La desfacha francesa de 1870 e la pèrda d'Alsàcia-Lorena au profiech d'Alemanha venguèt una fònt de tensions permanentas per la diplomacia europèa. D'en premier isolada, França capitèt de formar una aliança amb leis estats egalament menaçats per leis ambicions alemandas coma Russia o Anglatèrra. En fàcia, Alemanha creèt tanben un sistèma d'aliança similar. En 1914, aquelei sistèmas entraïnèron una crisi generalizada sus lo continent e un conflicte violent (<a href="/wiki/Primi%C3%A8ra_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Primièra Guèrra Mondiala">Primièra Guèrra Mondiala</a>) que s'acabèt solament en <a href="/wiki/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="1918">1918</a> per la victòria de França e seis aliats. Pasmens, lo país deguèt subir de pèrdas (1,4 milions de tuats) e de destruccions importantas sus son territòri. </p><p>Mau capitant d'obtenir lei reparacions de guèrras esparadas deis Alemands, frnaça aguèt de dificultats per retrobar son nivèu economic durant leis annadas 1920. Resistiguèt relativament ben a la crisi de 1929 que sei consequéncias demorèron limitadas a respèct d'autreis país coma Estats Units o Alemanha. Dins aquò, la crisi favorizèt lei movements politics nacionalistas opausats a la Republica. En 1936, la victòria dei partits politics d'esquèrra permetèt lo vòte d'un nombre important de lèis socialas mai aumentèt la division de la societat. </p><p>Afeblit, lo país foguèt rapidament vençuts per leis Alemands, principalament en causa dau conservatisme de seis elèits militars. França foguèt ocupada per l'<a href="/wiki/Tresen_Reich" title="Tresen Reich">Alemanha nazi</a> e un govèrn de collaboracion foguèt creat per lei nacionalistas a l'entorn dau marescau Pétain. Favorizant l'esplecha economica dau país e ajudant lei crimes <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">nazis</a>, especialament gràcias a la deportacion de personas (Jusieus, opausants politics...) vèrs lei camps alemands, aqueu govèrn se tustèt pauc a pauc ai grops de la Resisténcia interiora, unificada entre 1943 e 1944, e exteriora que foguèt organizada per lo generau de Gaulle a partir de 1940. Sota la direccion d'aqueu darrier, França poguèt bastir tornarmai una armada a partir de son Empèri coloniau e acabar la guèrra entre lei Venceires principaus dau conflicte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="França_dempuei_la_Liberacion"><span id="Fran.C3.A7a_dempuei_la_Liberacion"></span>França dempuei la Liberacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : França dempuei la Liberacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: França dempuei la Liberacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_(1945-1991).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png/220px-Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png/330px-Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png/440px-Descolonizacion_d%27Africa_%281945-1991%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Descolonizacion d'Africa de 1945 a 1991.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:EU27-2008_on_a_globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/EU27-2008_on_a_globe.svg/220px-EU27-2008_on_a_globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/EU27-2008_on_a_globe.svg/330px-EU27-2008_on_a_globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/EU27-2008_on_a_globe.svg/440px-EU27-2008_on_a_globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>França e Union Europèa en 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>Après la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala, França foguèt tocada per de movements de descolonizacion qu'entraïnèron la disparicion de son empèri coloniau au començament deis annadas 1960. Enterin, acomencèt de participar a la formacion de l'Union Europèa. Lo periòde de creissença economica fòrta fins ais annadas 1970 permetèt au país de restaurar rapidament sa poissança economica. Pasmens, au nivèu politic, França es venguda una poissança mondiala d'òrdre segond qu'es generalament pas capabla de s'opausar ai decisions d'estats pus poderós coma leis Estats Units, l'anciana Union Sovietica o China. </p><p>Ansin, lo declin dau país durant la Segonda Guèrra Mondiala foguèt l'ocasion per lei colonias de reprendre lor independéncia. Lo procediment acomencèt en Indochina onte l'armada francesa foguèt vencuda après 8 annadas de guèrra (1946-1954). Puei, contunièt en Africa. En 1960, l'AEF e l'AOF venguèron independentas e, en 1962, après una guèrra novèla (1954-1962), foguèt lo torn d'Argeria. Aquela darriera guèrra causèt una crisi politica grèva en 1958 que causèt la fin de la IV<sup>en</sup> Republica (1946-1958) e lo retorn au poder dau generau de Gaulle. Fondèt la V<sup>a</sup> Republica basa sus un poder presidenciau fòrt e assaièt de donar una independéncia novèla au país au nivèu internacionau aprofichant lo desvolopament de tecnologias avançadas (arma nucleara...) e lei divisions de la Guèrra Freja. </p><p>Après sa demission en 1969 e sa mòrt en 1970, França venguèt un element major de la construccion de l'Union Europèa. Aquò es considerat coma una solucion per luchar còntra la pèrda d'influéncia francesa. D'efèct, lo país es plus una poissança mondiala majora coma lo mòstra sa participacion limitada a la guèrra dau Golf en 1991 e sa participacion a la resolucion de crisi politica internacionala se fa d'ara endavant dins lo quadre de coalicion gropant unei país generalament sota direccion estatsunidenca (Iraq, Kosovo, Libia...). Enfin, l'economia francesa, coma lo rèsta dei país occidentaus, conoguèt de periòdes de crisi dempuei leis annadas 1980 caracterizats per una desindustrializacion progressiva dau país e la persisténcia d'un chaumatge de massa pertocant mai o mens 10% de la populacion activa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografia_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografia de França (la pagina existís pas)">Geografia de França</a>.</div> <p>Ambé 551 500 km² (675 417 km² ambé sei territòris d'otramar), França s'estend sus 1 000 km dau nòrd au sud e d'èst en oèst. Tèn la tresena superficia d'Euròpa Occidentala e, levat de la frontiera nord-èst, son territòri se situa entre de limits naturaus coma de mars, d'oceans o de massís montanhós. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Localizacion_e_frontieras">Localizacion e frontieras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Localizacion e frontieras" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Localizacion e frontieras"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:French_territories_as_of_2015.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/French_territories_as_of_2015.svg/220px-French_territories_as_of_2015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/French_territories_as_of_2015.svg/330px-French_territories_as_of_2015.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/French_territories_as_of_2015.svg/440px-French_territories_as_of_2015.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>França metropolitana e territòris otramars en 2015.</figcaption></figure> <p>En causa de son passat coloniau, França ten de territòris en Euròpa, en <a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>. Revendica tanben una partida d'<a href="/wiki/Antartida" title="Antartida">Antartida</a>. La partida principala de son territòri se situa en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Occidentala" title="Euròpa Occidentala">Euròpa Occidentala</a> es dicha « França metropolitana » e a una superfícia de 543 965 km². Ten de frontieras amb <a href="/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica">Belgica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxemborg" class="mw-disambig" title="Luxemborg">Luxemborg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">Soïssa</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> e <a href="/wiki/And%C3%B2rra" title="Andòrra">Andòrra</a>. Lo rèsta dei territòris francés es dich « Territòris otramars ». Seis estatuts son fòrça variats. Lei principaus son <a href="/wiki/Guadalope" title="Guadalope">Guadalope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guaiana" title="Guaiana">Guaiana</a> que ten de frontieras amb <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> e <a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a>, leis <a href="/wiki/Illas_Kerguelen" title="Illas Kerguelen">illas Kerguelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mai%C3%B2ta" title="Maiòta">Maiòta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinica" title="Martinica">Martinica</a>, la <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Caled%C3%B2nia" title="Nòva Caledònia">Nòva Caledònia</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Polinesia_Francesa" title="Polinesia Francesa">Polinesia dicha Francesa</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%BCnion" title="Reünion">Reünion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Bartomieu_(illa)" title="Sant Bartomieu (illa)">Sant Bartomieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Martin_del_N%C3%B2rd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant Martin del Nòrd">Sant Martin del Nòrd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_P%C3%A8ire_e_Miquelon" title="Sant Pèire e Miquelon">Sant Pèire e Miquelon</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wallis_e_Futuna" title="Wallis e Futuna">Wallis e Futuna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geografia_fisica">Geografia fisica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia fisica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geografia fisica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:France_map_Lambert-93_topographic-blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/France_map_Lambert-93_topographic-blank.svg/220px-France_map_Lambert-93_topographic-blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/France_map_Lambert-93_topographic-blank.svg/330px-France_map_Lambert-93_topographic-blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/France_map_Lambert-93_topographic-blank.svg/440px-France_map_Lambert-93_topographic-blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption>Topografia de França metropolitana.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo territòri metropolitan es compausat d'un ensems variat de sistèmas topografics diferents. La superfícia actual es la consequéncia d'episòdis tectonics diferents coma lo Massís Centrau, leis Ardenas o lei Vòges qu'acomencèron de se formar i a aperaquí 400 milions d'annadas. Lei montanhas dei cadenas pirenenca, aupenca e jurasenca son pus recentas e mens erodadas. Una partida dau Massís Centrau, que tenguèt una activitat volcanica activa fins au millenni IV avC, es tanben format de terrens fòrça joves a l'escala geologica. Lei Pirenèus forman la frontiera entre França e Espanha e unei cimas despassan 3 000 mètres. Leis Aups e lo Jura forman la frontiera entre França, Itàlia e Soïssa. Leis Aups son lo relèu pus auts de França e assostan lo ponch culminant dau país, lo Mont Blanc, que tèn una altitud de 4 808 mètres. Aquelei massís montanhós definisson divèrsei bacins sedimentaris que son organizats a l'entorn de sièis fluvis principaus que son la Sèina, la Léger, lo Ròse, la Garona e l'ensems format per lo Ren e la Mòsa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Clima"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo clima de França metropolitana es de tipe temperat e principalament influenciat per l'activitat de l'anticiclòn deis Açòras. Pasmens, existís de variacions regionalas relativament importantas segon la latitud o l'altitud. Lei quarts nòrd-oèst e sud-oèst an un clima oceanic amb de precipitacions relativament importantas. Lo quart sud-èst a un clima de tipe mediterranèu, pus caud que lo rèsta dau territòri amb de precipitacions pus limitadas mai pus violentas. Lo quart nòrd-èst es de tipe semi-continentau amb de temperaturas pus frejas. Enfin, lei regions d'altituds autas (Massís Centrau, Pirenèus, Aups...) son caracterizadas per un clima montanhard marcat per d'ivèrns fregs e de precipitacions de nèu importantas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reparticion_espaciala_de_la_populacion">Reparticion espaciala de la populacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Reparticion espaciala de la populacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Reparticion espaciala de la populacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:France_topography_%26_population_density.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/France_topography_%26_population_density.jpg/220px-France_topography_%26_population_density.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/France_topography_%26_population_density.jpg/330px-France_topography_%26_population_density.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/France_topography_%26_population_density.jpg/440px-France_topography_%26_population_density.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="1810" /></a><figcaption>Reparticion de la densitat de populacion sus lo territòri francés metropolitan.</figcaption></figure> <p>La reparticion espaciala de la populacion sus lo territòri metropolitan es fòrça desequilibrada. Aquò es principalament causat per l'importància de la capitala a respèct dau rèsta dau país e per la concentracion deis activitats economicas majoras dins certanei regions. Ansin, París e sa banlèga gropa aperaquí 20% de la populacion, lei centres majors de decisions politicas e leis activitats economicas pus dinamicas. En fòra de la capitala, lei regions litoralas industrializadas, coma Marselha, o aquelei situadas a la crosiera de cambis economics importants, coma Lion, an tanben una populacion importanta. Aquelei populacions son largament urbanizadas. Au començament dau sègle XXI, lei vilas principalas e sei banlègas èran <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> (12,1 milions d'abitants), <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion</a> (2,1 milions), <a href="/wiki/Marselha" title="Marselha">Marselha</a> (1,7 milions), <a href="/wiki/Tolosa" title="Tolosa">Tolosa</a> (1,2 milions), <a href="/wiki/Lilla" title="Lilla">Lilla</a> (1,2 milions), <a href="/wiki/Bord%C3%A8u" title="Bordèu">Bordèu</a> (1,1 milions) e <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7a" title="Niça">Niça</a> (1,0 milion). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axes_de_comunicacion_e_de_transpòrts"><span id="Axes_de_comunicacion_e_de_transp.C3.B2rts"></span>Axes de comunicacion e de transpòrts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Axes de comunicacion e de transpòrts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Axes de comunicacion e de transpòrts"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>França se situa a la crosada occidentala dau comèrci europèu es donc una region qu'assosta un nombre fòrça important de flux de bens comerciaus. Son sistèma de comunicacion e de transpòrts es donc fòrça desvolopat e, per de rasons istoricas, centralizat a l'entorn de París. Lo mejan pus utilizat es la rota mai l'avion e la via ferrada son tanben importants. Per exemple, França tèn la premiera companhiá aeriana mondiala (Air France-KLM) e assosta d'installacions claus dau premier fabricant d'avions europèus (Airbus). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizacion_politica_e_sociala">Organizacion politica e sociala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion politica e sociala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion politica e sociala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>França a conegut un ensems fòrça variat d'institucions, d'organizacions territorialas, de simbòls oficiaus e de situacions lingüsiticas. Sei formas actualas son principalament eissidas deis òbras de la I<sup>a</sup> Republica, de la III<sup>a</sup> Republica, dau Premier Empèri, dau programa politic dau Conseu Nacionau de la Resisténcia e dei concepcions politicas dau generau du Gaulle que foguèron a l'origina de la V<sup>a</sup> Republica. Ansin, au començament dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xxi</span>, lo país es dirigit per un sistèma republican que son territòri es devesit en regions, en departaments, en cantons e en comunas. Sa lenga oficiala es lo francés e sa societat es caracterizada per l'influéncia relativament fòrta de l'Estat a respèct deis autrei país occidentaus. En particular, l'Estat organiza un sistèma educatiu obligatòri e un sistèma de redistribucion economica relativament desvolopat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forma_de_l'Estat"><span id="Forma_de_l.27Estat"></span>Forma de l'Estat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Forma de l'Estat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Forma de l'Estat"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png/220px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png/330px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png/440px-Schema_pouvoirs_Ve_republique_France.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Esquema deis institucions de la V<sup>a</sup> Republica francesa.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institucions_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institucions de França (la pagina existís pas)">Institucions de França</a>.</div> <p>L'organizacion dau poder en França es dirigida per la Constitucion de 1958 que fondèt la V<sup>a</sup> Republica. Es una republica de tipe semi-presidenciau o parlamentari onte lo Parlament e lo President an de poders relativament importants : </p> <ul><li>lo poder legislatiu es tengut par lo Parlament devesit entre l'Assemblada Nacionala e lo Senat. La premiera es elegit toei lei 5 ans au sufragi universau per lei ciutadans de 18 ans e mai. Lo Segond es renovelat per tèrç toei lei dos ans au sufragi indirèct. En cas de desacòrd entre l'Assemblada Nacionala e lo Senat, l'avís de l'Assemblada ganha. L'Assemblada pòu tanben votar la casuda dau govèrn meme s'aquela possibilitat, frequenta durant lei III<sup>a</sup> e IV<sup>a</sup> Republicas, es venguda fòrça rara.</li> <li>lo poder executiu es tengut per lo President de la Republica e lo Premier Ministre. Lo premier es elegit au sufragi universau per 5 ans e lo segond es nomat per lo President segon la majoritat politica de l'Assemblada. Lo tipe d'institucions de la Republica es generalament definit per lei partits d'apartenéncia dau President e dau Premier Ministre. Se fan partida de la mèma majoritat, lo regime evoluciona vèrs lo semi-presidencialisme amb un Parlament a l'influéncia limitada. En revènge, se lo President e son cap de govèrn son eissits de movements politics opausats, lo regime es mai de tipe parlamentari e l'Assemblada an mai d'influéncia sus la direccion dau país.</li> <li>lo poder judiciari es devesit entre un òrdre administratiu cargat deis afaires regardant l'Estat e seis institucions e un òrdre judiciari cargat dau rèsta. Es independent dei poders legislatius e executius.</li></ul> <p>Enfin, lo Conseu Constitucionau es cargat de verificar la conformitat entre lei decisions de l'Estat e la Constitucion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simbòls_de_l'Estat"><span id="Simb.C3.B2ls_de_l.27Estat"></span>Simbòls de l'Estat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Simbòls de l'Estat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Simbòls de l'Estat"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Liberte-egalite-fraternite-tympanum-church-saint-pancrace-aups-var.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Liberte-egalite-fraternite-tympanum-church-saint-pancrace-aups-var.jpg/220px-Liberte-egalite-fraternite-tympanum-church-saint-pancrace-aups-var.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Liberte-egalite-fraternite-tympanum-church-saint-pancrace-aups-var.jpg/330px-Liberte-egalite-fraternite-tympanum-church-saint-pancrace-aups-var.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Liberte-egalite-fraternite-tympanum-church-saint-pancrace-aups-var.jpg/440px-Liberte-egalite-fraternite-tympanum-church-saint-pancrace-aups-var.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Devisa francesa sus una Glèisa pintada en <a href="/wiki/1905" class="mw-redirect" title="1905">1905</a> après la separacion de la Glèisa e de l'Estat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lei simbòls de l'Estat son definits per la Constitucion de 1958. Son eissits de la Revolucion Francesa de 1789-1799 : </p> <ul><li>lo drapèu blau-blanc-roge.</li> <li>la devisa Libertat-Egalitat-Fraternitat.</li> <li>l'imne <i>La Marselhesa</i>.</li></ul> <p>Existís d'autrei simbòls non oficiaus que son fòrça utilizats coma Marianne qu'es un imatge allegoric de la Republica. Es representada sus lei sagèus, lei pèças de moneda e la màger part dei documents oficiaus de l'administracion de l'Estat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizacion_territoriala">Organizacion territoriala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion territoriala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion territoriala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:D%C3%A9partements_et_r%C3%A9gions_de_France_-_Noname-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/D%C3%A9partements_et_r%C3%A9gions_de_France_-_Noname-2016.svg/220px-D%C3%A9partements_et_r%C3%A9gions_de_France_-_Noname-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/D%C3%A9partements_et_r%C3%A9gions_de_France_-_Noname-2016.svg/330px-D%C3%A9partements_et_r%C3%A9gions_de_France_-_Noname-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/D%C3%A9partements_et_r%C3%A9gions_de_France_-_Noname-2016.svg/440px-D%C3%A9partements_et_r%C3%A9gions_de_France_-_Noname-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Departaments francés.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organizacion_territoriala_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organizacion territoriala de França (la pagina existís pas)">Organizacion territoriala de França</a>.</div> <p>Lo territòri metropolitan e lei departaments d’otramar son devesits segon diferents nivèus administratius e politics. L’unitat de basa es la comuna qu’es dirigida per un premier cònsol elegit per 6 ans. Puei, unei omunas son gropadas per formar un canton qu’elegís un conselhier generau, tanben per 6 ans. Dempuei leis annadas 1990, de comunas se gropan tanben per formar de comunautats de comunas que pòdon mutualizar certanei despensas. Au dessús dau canton, se tròban lei departaments que foguèron creats per la Revolucion de 1789-1799. Son dirigits per un prefèct nommat per l’Estat e per lo Conseu Generau format per lei conselhiers generaus. Enfin, dempuei leis annadas 1980, lei departaments son reünits per formar de regions que son egalament dirigidas per un Conseu elegit e un prefèct. Dins l’otramar, lei regions e departaments d’otramar, levat de Maiòta, an lo mème territòri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lengas">Lengas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Lengas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lengas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg/220px-SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg/330px-SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg/440px-SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption>Politica d'imposicion dau francés dins leis escòlas dei regions occitanas ai sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo francés es la sola lenga oficiala de l'Estat e de sas institucions. Es mestrejada per la màger part de la populacion activa (92% en <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>). Es una lenga internacionala utilizada per d'institucions coma l'ONU o l'UE que son utilizacion e son ensenhament son encoratjats per lo govèrn sus lo territòri nacionau (lèi Toubon de 1994) e dins lei país estrangiers (organizacion de la Francophonie). </p><p>En defòra dau francés, lo país a una composicion lingüistica pron variada amb aperaquí 80 lengas minoritàrias o regionalas que son parladas en França metropolitana o d'otramar. D'unei que i a son a l'origina d'una cultura relativament prestigiosa coma l'occitan (<a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Prèmi Nobel de Literatura">Prèmi Nobel de Literatura</a> en 1904) mai la màger part son menaçadas de disparicion d'ara endavant. D'efiech, la politica d'imposicion e de difusion dau francés, mai o mens contrencha, ai sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> entraïnèt la desaparicion de la transmission d'aquelei lengas entre lei generacions e lor declin rapid a partir de la mitat dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>. Per exemple, en <a href="/wiki/Corsega" title="Corsega">Corsega</a>, 70% de la populacion aviá una conoissença dau còrs en 1980 còntra solament 50% dins leis annadas 1990. </p><p>Dempuei 2008, lei lengas minoritàrias o regionalas son consideradas coma una partida dau patrimòni francés per la Constitucion. S'es creat de programas d'ensenhament mai demòran fòrça limitats. D'autre caire, leis immigrants venguts en França durant lei sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xxi</span> (Armènis, Polonés, Arabis...) utilizan generalament d'autrei lengas que lo francés. A l'ora d'ara, aquelei lengas an ges d'estatut. Ansin, en 1999, lei lengas diferentas dau francés qu'èran pus utilizadas per la populacion èran l'occitan (3,65%), lei lengas germanicas (3,15%), lei lengas d'oïl diferentas dau francés (3,10%), l'arabi (2,55%), lo portugués (1,27%), lei lengas italicas (1,19%) e lo breton (0,61%). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educacion">Educacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Educacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Educacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En França, l'instruccion es obligatòria de sièis a seize ans. L'escòla es laïca e gratuita mai un sector privat relativament important existís. L'ensenhament es devesit entre ensenhaments primari, segondari e superior : </p> <ul><li>lo premier es devesit entre escòlas maternala e elementària. Son objectiu principau es de desvolopar la socializacion deis enfants e l'utilizacion deis otís de lectura, de lectura e d'escritura.</li> <li>lo segond es devesit entre lo collègi e lo licèu. Sa fin es marcada per d'examèns nacionaus que son lo « baccalauréat » (professionau, tecnologic o generau) e lo « certificat d’aptitude professionnelle » (ensenhament agricòla).</li> <li>lo tresen es devesit entre Universitats e Grandas Escòlas. Aquelei darriers necessitan generalament de capitar un concors d'intrada e son donc consideradas coma pus performantas e pus elitistas.</li></ul> <p>Dempuei la Liberacion, l'ensenhament francés a conegut un periòde d'expansion fòrça important. Pasmens, d'inegalitats demòran, especialament au nivèu de l'intrada dins lei Grandas Escòlas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redistribucion_sociala">Redistribucion sociala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Redistribucion sociala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Redistribucion sociala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dempuei la Liberacion, França se caracteriza per l'organizacion e lo mantenement d'un sistèma de redistribucion sociala qu'es inspirat dau programa politic dau Conseu Nacionau de la Resistància adoptat en 1944. Tres elements son lei basas d'aquela politica : </p> <ul><li>la nacionalizacion d'una partida deis entrepresas dau país coma l'energia.</li> <li>la creacion de la Seguritat Sociala per permetre l'accès au sistèma de santat.</li> <li>l'adopcion d'un sistèma d'imposicion progressiu.</li></ul> <p>Aqueu sistèma es parcialament abandonat e cambiat dempuei leis annadas 1980. Per exemple, la màger part deis entrepresas nacionalizats son estats tornarmai privatizadas. Pasmens, l'estructura de l'Estat es encara fòrtament inspirat per aquelei principis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Economia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Economia_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Economia de França">Economia de França</a>.</div> <p>França fa partida deis economias pus desvolopadas de la planeta. Es basada sus la proprietat privada mai l'Estat i tèn un ròtle important. Lei servicis son son compausant pus important. Pasmens, s'en 2011, lo país èra totjorn entre lei cinc economias mondialas pus grandas, sa posicion declinèt pauc a pauc. Dempuei 2004, son comèrci exterior conoguèt de deficits mai e mai importants. Un autre exemple es la demenicion deis exportacions francesas dins lo comèrci mondiau qu'es passat de 6,3 a 4,1% entre 1990 e 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Demografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Demografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 2010, la populacion francesa èra estimada a 65,4 milions d'abitants. Dempuei <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>, la populacion aumentèt regularament d'un biais pus important que leis autrei país europèus en causa d'un taus de feconditat que demòra aut, d'un <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2ld_migrat%C3%B2ri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sòld migratòri">sòld migratòri</a> positiu e d'una esperança de vida granda e totjorn en aumentacion. Coma dins lo rèsta d'Euròpa, aquela populacion veguèt lo taus de personas vièlhas (mai de 60 ans) aumentar pauc a pauc, de 17 a 22% entre 1980 e 2009. Lo ròtle de l'immigracion venguèt donc pus important, especialament per curbir lei besonhs de man-d'òbra. Ansin, en 2008, França aviá 6,7 milions d'immigrats sus son territòri segon l'ONU, ço que representa lo seisen país d'acuelh après leis Estats Units (42,8), Russia (12,3), Alemanha (9,3), Arabia Saudita (7,3) e Canada (7,2). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultura">Agricultura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Agricultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Agricultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:%C3%89p%C3%B4ne_-_r%C3%A9colte_du_ma%C3%AFs01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%C3%89p%C3%B4ne_-_r%C3%A9colte_du_ma%C3%AFs01.jpg/220px-%C3%89p%C3%B4ne_-_r%C3%A9colte_du_ma%C3%AFs01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%C3%89p%C3%B4ne_-_r%C3%A9colte_du_ma%C3%AFs01.jpg/330px-%C3%89p%C3%B4ne_-_r%C3%A9colte_du_ma%C3%AFs01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%C3%89p%C3%B4ne_-_r%C3%A9colte_du_ma%C3%AFs01.jpg/440px-%C3%89p%C3%B4ne_-_r%C3%A9colte_du_ma%C3%AFs01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Recòlta de gròs blat dins la region parisenca.</figcaption></figure> <p>Coma lo rèsta dei país d'Euròpa Occidentala, França a conegut un declin important de l'emplec agricòla dempuei la segonda mitat dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. En <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>, lo sector emplega solament 3% de la populacion activa e fa partida deis agriculturas pus modernizadas e mecanizadas de la planeta. Sei produccions principalas son lo vin, lei cerealas, lo sucre, lei produchs lachiers e la carn. Dins aquò, dempuei lo començament dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xxi</span>, es un domeni en crisi que veguèt l'aparicion d'inegalitats fòrtas segon lei tipes de produccion, la pollucion causada a l'environament e la susproduccion dins certanei sectors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industria">Industria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : Industria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=25" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Industria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>França fa partida dei principalei poissanças industrialas mondialas. Maugrat la terciarizacion de l'economia francesa, l'industria francesa representa encara 15,6% de son PIB en <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>. Aquela annada, lo sector segondari emplegava 24,3% de la populacion activa. Es donc caracterizat per de domenis relativament dinamics (automobil, aeronautic, nuclear civiu...) e d'autrei, generalament lei partidas pus tradicionalas, que son en crisi o avián ja disparegut (minas, siderurgia...). Aquò a causat de crisis grèvas dins lei regions d'indústrias ancianas (Lorena, Nòrd) que deguèron trobar d'activitats novèlas. D'autra part, dempuei leis annadas 1960, una politica governamentala a permés de descentralizar l'industria francesa e d'assegurar lo desvolopament de certanei regions dins lo sud e l'oèst dau país (creacion de la zòna de Fos-de-Mar). Ansin, au començament dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xxi</span>, lei regions pus industrializadas de França son la region parisenca, lei ribas de la Sèina, la region de Lion, la region de Tolosa e la region dau pòrt de Marselha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Servicis">Servicis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modificar la seccion : Servicis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=26" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Servicis"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:La_D%C3%A9fense_depuis_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe_Janvier_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/La_D%C3%A9fense_depuis_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe_Janvier_2023.jpg/220px-La_D%C3%A9fense_depuis_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe_Janvier_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/La_D%C3%A9fense_depuis_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe_Janvier_2023.jpg/330px-La_D%C3%A9fense_depuis_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe_Janvier_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/La_D%C3%A9fense_depuis_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe_Janvier_2023.jpg/440px-La_D%C3%A9fense_depuis_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe_Janvier_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5138" data-file-height="2890" /></a><figcaption>Quartier d'afaires de la Défense vèrs París.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lei servicis forman lo còr de l'economia francesa. En 2005, representava 77,2% dau PIB e 75% deis emplecs. Tres sectors son particularament desvolopats : lo comèrci, l'artesanat e lo torisme. Lo premier tèn 3,2 milions d'emplecs. Es caracterizat per la poissança dei grops de la granda distribucion (Carrefour, Auchan...) que son apareguts dins leis annadas 1970. En 2008, aquelei grops representavan lei dos tèrç dei despensas alimentàrias dei Francés. Lo segond representa aperaquí 900 000 entrepresas e a gardat una plaça importanta dins l'economia maugrat lo desvolopament de grops de talha granda. Es fòrça present dins lo domeni de la construccion. Enfin, lo torisme es la fònt d'aperaquí 900 000 emplecs dirècts e aproficha lo patrimòni francés per èsser la premiera destinacion toristica mondiala (82 milions de visitas en 2007). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recèrca"><span id="Rec.C3.A8rca"></span>Recèrca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modificar la seccion : Recèrca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=27" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Recèrca"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>França es una poissança majora dins lo domeni de la recèrca dempuei lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span> e a obtengut un nombre important de prèmis scientifics dins lo corrent dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>. Es caracterizada per l'importància de l'intervencion de l'Estat que representava 41% dei despensas en 2008 e gropa la màger part dei cercaires au sen dau Centre Nacionau per la Recèrca Scientifica (CNRS). Es tanben marcada per l'importància donada ai recèrcas sus lei subjèctes pertocant lei sciéncias fondamentalas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomacia_e_defensa">Diplomacia e defensa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modificar la seccion : Diplomacia e defensa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=28" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Diplomacia e defensa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Au nivèu diplomatic e militar, França fa partida dei poissanças principalas dau continent europèu dempuei sa formacion. A partir dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>, venguèt una poissança mondiala de premier òrdre. Lei guèrras mondialas causèron un afebliment important dau país que perdeguèt son estatut de poissança majora après 1945. Ansin, au començament dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xxi</span>, lo país garda un reng de poissança mondiala de segond òrdre gràcias a son apartenéncia ai grandeis institucions internacionalas e a la possession d'una armada poderosa e modèrna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartenéncia_ais_institucions_internacionalas"><span id="Aparten.C3.A9ncia_ais_institucions_internacionalas"></span>Apartenéncia ais institucions internacionalas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modificar la seccion : Apartenéncia ais institucions internacionalas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=29" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Apartenéncia ais institucions internacionalas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>França es un membre important deis institucions e organizacions internacionalas. Entre sei plaças principalas, es membre permanent dau Conseu de Seguritat de l'ONU, membre de l'OTAN, membre de l'Union Europèa, membre de l'espaci Schengen, membre de la zòna èuro, membre dau G8/G20 e membre de l'OMC. Son territòri assosta tanben lo sèti de l'UNESCO. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politica_estrangiera">Politica estrangiera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modificar la seccion : Politica estrangiera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=30" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Politica estrangiera"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dempuei la presidéncia dau generau de Gaulle (<a href="/wiki/1958" class="mw-redirect" title="1958">1958</a>-<a href="/wiki/1969" class="mw-redirect" title="1969">1969</a>), la politica estrangiera francesa, principalament dirigida per lei presidents de la Republica successius, es caracterizada per una volontat d'independéncia, magerament a respèct deis Estats Units, per una influéncia fòrta sus lo continent african, especialament dins lei país eissits de l'ancian empèri coloniau e per la participacion a la construccion de l'Union Europèa. </p><p>Lo premier ponch demorava un aspèct important fins au començament dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xxi</span>, per exemple amb lo retirament de França dau comandament integrat de l'OTAN de <a href="/wiki/1966" class="mw-redirect" title="1966">1966</a> a <a href="/wiki/2009" class="mw-redirect" title="2009">2009</a>. Foguèt tanben marcat per lo desvolopament de l'<a href="/wiki/Arma_nucleara" title="Arma nucleara">arma nucleara</a> per assegurar l'independéncia diplomatica e la proteccion dau país. L'influéncia en Africa es un aspèct regular e fòrça criticat de la diplomacia francesa. D'efèct, gràcias a un ret de basas militaras e de relacions amb la màger part deis òmes politics africans, França es capabla d'arbitrar leis afaires deis estats e a sostengut unei còps d'Estat. Enfin, la formacion e lo renforçament de l'Union Europèa son venguts un deis elements majors de la diplomacia francés qu'es a l'origina de l'UE dins leis annadas 1960. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fòrças_armadas"><span id="F.C3.B2r.C3.A7as_armadas"></span>Fòrças armadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modificar la seccion : Fòrças armadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=31" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Fòrças armadas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7as_armadas_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Fòrças armadas de França">Fòrças armadas de França</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Recent_OPEX.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Recent_OPEX.svg/220px-Recent_OPEX.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Recent_OPEX.svg/330px-Recent_OPEX.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Recent_OPEX.svg/440px-Recent_OPEX.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>País onte lei fòrças armadas francesas son intervengudas dempuei <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>França tèn un dei budgets militars pus importants de la planeta que representava 2,5% de son PIB (39 miliards d'èuros) en 2010. Es tanben un dei cinc país reconeguts coma possessor de l'<a href="/wiki/Arma_nucleara" title="Arma nucleara">arma nucleara</a>. Dempuei <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>, es una armada professionalizada que sei fòrças son entre lei pus modernizadas d'Euròpa Occidentala amb aquelei dau Reiaume Unit. Son devesidas en quatre còrs principaus que l'Armada de Tèrra, la Marina Nacionala, l'Armada de l'Èr e la Gendarmariá. En fòra de la Gendarmariá qu'es principalament una fòrça de polícia, lei fòrças armadas francesas tenián 250 000 òmes en 2010 e èran capablas d'intervenir sus totei lei continents gràcias a un ret mondiau de basas militaras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=32" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arquitectura">Arquitectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modificar la seccion : Arquitectura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=33" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Arquitectura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg/220px-Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg/330px-Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg/440px-Chateau_Versailles_Galerie_des_Glaces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3892" data-file-height="2584" /></a><figcaption>Palais de Versalhas construch a partir dau rèine de Loís XIV.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arquitectura de França (la pagina existís pas)">Arquitectura de França</a>.</div> <p>França tèn un patrimòni arquitecturau que va de l'Antiquitat au sègle actuau amb 34 luòcs classats per l'UNESCO. De construccions religiosas, industrialas, urbanas, militaras o civilas n'en fan partida. Dempuei 1840, lo govèrn francés a assaiat de protegir son patrimòni istoric per la creacion d'una lista de bens classats dichs « Monuments istorics ». Aquò permetèt d'obtenir de budgets per lor restauracion e lor entretenença. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modificar la seccion : Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=34" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Literatura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Bonnat_Hugo001z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bonnat_Hugo001z.jpg/220px-Bonnat_Hugo001z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bonnat_Hugo001z.jpg/330px-Bonnat_Hugo001z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bonnat_Hugo001z.jpg/440px-Bonnat_Hugo001z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3162" data-file-height="3983" /></a><figcaption>Retrach de Victor Hugo (<a href="/wiki/1802" class="mw-redirect" title="1802">1802</a>-<a href="/wiki/1885" class="mw-redirect" title="1885">1885</a>).</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura de França (la pagina existís pas)">Literatura de França</a>.</div> <p>La literatura de França es principalament compausada per la literatura en lenga francesa que fa partida deis ensembles artistics mondiaus pus prestigiós dempuei lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>. Pasmens, existís tanben de literaturas en lengas regionalas qu'avián o an una importància non negligibla. Per exemple, es lo cas de la literatura en lenga occitana qu'aguèt un ròtle primordiau dins la cultura europèa de l'Edat Mejana e demorèt fòrça viva fins ai sègles<span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>-<span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> (<a href="/wiki/Felibritge" title="Felibritge">Felibritge</a>). </p><p>La literatura en francés apareguèt vèrs la mitat de l'Edat Mejana durant lo periòde dei <a href="/wiki/Can%C3%A7on_de_g%C3%A8sta" title="Cançon de gèsta">cançons de gèsta</a>. Marcada per lei trebols de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Cent_Ans" title="Guèrra de Cent Ans">Guèrra de Cent Ans</a>, se desvolopèt dins lei domenis de la cronica (Froissart), dau racònte istoric e de la poesia (Villon). Puei, la fin de l'epòca medievala veguèt lo desvolopament dau teatre, d'en premier sus de subjèctes religiós puei comics. Au sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvi</span>, lei principis umanistas permetèron un renovelament dei temas. Leis òbras principalas dau periòde foguèron de poemas (Ronsard, du Bellay), de romans (Rabelais) e <i>Les Essais</i> escrichs per Montaigne entre <a href="/wiki/1572" class="mw-redirect" title="1572">1572</a> e <a href="/wiki/1592" class="mw-redirect" title="1592">1592</a>. </p><p>Tre lo sègle seguent, la literatura francesa va venir la pus importanta dau continent, especialament gràcias ais òbras de teatre d'autors coma Corneille o Molière, de romans coma l'Astrée d'Honoré d’Urfé o l'opera. Lo poesia demorèt tanben un genre major coma o mostrèron lei <i>Fables</i> (1668-1678) de La Fontaine. Aquela posicion foguèt renforçada durant lo sègle dei Lutz. D'efèct, aqueu movement estendut sus tot lo continent veguèt son centre se situar en França e lo francés ne'n venguèt rapidament la lenga principala. Enfin, lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> foguèt caracterizat per l'importància novèla dau roman que venguèt lo genre principau de la literatura francesa. França contunièt d'i gardar la posicion principala gràcias a d'escrivans coma Hugo, Balzac o Zola. De mai, maugrat la dominacion dau roman, lei genres tradicionaus (poesia ambé Baudelaire, teatre ambé Rostand) veguèron tanben la publicacion de cap d'òbras. </p><p>Lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> veguèt la fin d'aquela dominacion de la literatura francesa en causa de la diminucion de l'influéncia politica dau país, dau desvolopament de literaturas novèlas e de la concurréncia de produccions culturalas novèlas (cinèma). Dins aquò, ambé 14 Prèmis Nobel entre 1901 e 2011 (13 per d'òbras en francés, 1 per d'òbras en occitan), França es totjorn lo país pus recompensat. Entre lei movements literaris principaus d'aqueu sègle, se nòta lo surrealisme (Desnos), l'existencialisme (Sartre), lo Roman Novèu (Simon) e lo teatre de l'absurde (Ionesco). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pintura">Pintura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modificar la seccion : Pintura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=35" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Pintura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pintura_francesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pintura francesa (la pagina existís pas)">Pintura francesa</a>.</div> <p>Coma per la màger part dei domenis culturaus, la pintura francesa es considerada coma una dei grandeis escòlas de pintura per son influéncia, son istòria e sei produccions ambé lei pinturas italiana, flamenca e olandesa. Sei premierei manifestacions acomencèron pendent la Preïstòria e l'Antiquitat. L'Edat Mejana foguèt caracterizada per de frescas muralas e l'art deis enluminaduras. Puei, la Renaissança marquèt un renovelament major dei tematics ambé l'influéncia de la pintura italiana dins lo reiaume francés. Au sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>, apareguèt la pintura baroca (Poussin) e, au sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span>, apareguèt lo Rococo (Fragonard). Après la Revolucion, lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span> veguèt lo desvolopament d'un ensems grand d'estils artistics diferents coma lo neoclassicisme (David), lo romantisme (Delacroix); lo realisme (Courbet) puei l'impressionisme (Manet, Degas, Cézanne). Enfin, lo sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> foguèt dominat per lei corrents modernistas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musica">Musica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modificar la seccion : Musica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=36" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Musica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musica_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musica de França (la pagina existís pas)">Musica de França</a>.</div> <p>La musica de França es devesida entre divèrsei corrents d'originas diferentas. Lei premierei manifestacions foguèron aquelei de la musica occitana que conoguèt son apogèu ambé lo movement dei Trobadors ai sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span>-<span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span>. La musica francesa es nascuda durant l'Edat Mejana a partir de l'art religiós. Se desvolopèt pendent la Renaissença puei, subretot, entre lei sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvi</span> e <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span> ambé l'aparicion de genres novèus de musicas classicas. Aqueu periòde veguèt tanben l'introduccion de l'opera per Lully dins leis anndas 1670. Enfin, apareguèron ai sègles <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>-<span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> d'estils similars ais autreis estils presents dins lei país occidentaus coma la cançon (sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>) puei de genres coma lo Rock 'N Roll o lo Hip-Hop (sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>). D'autra part, dempuei la fin dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span>, l'influéncia de la musica anglesa venguèt mai e mai important au sen dau movement musicau francés. De mai, en parallèl de la musica francesa, existís de musicas en lenga regionala que son totjorn vivas coma, per exemple, en Corsega. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinèma"><span id="Cin.C3.A8ma"></span>Cinèma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Modificar la seccion : Cinèma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=37" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cinèma"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cin%C3%A8ma_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinèma de França (la pagina existís pas)">Cinèma de França</a>.</div> <p>França a una influéncia importanta dins lo domeni dau cinèma que foguèt inventat per lei fraires Lumières en <a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>. Ansin, lo <a href="/wiki/Festenal_de_Canas" class="mw-redirect" title="Festenal de Canas">Festenal de Canas</a> es considerat coma un dei prèmi pus importants de la cinematografia. Pasmens, dempuei leis annadas 1980, lo cinèma francés dèu faciar la concurréncia dau cinèma estatsunidenc. Es donc vengut especializat dins de genres mens concurrenciau coma la comèdia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Modificar la seccion : Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=38" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Religion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_de_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion de França (la pagina existís pas)">Religion de França</a>.</div> <p>França es un país de tradicion catolica fòrça anciana qu'es dempuei la lèi de 1905 un estat laïc onte l'Estat es separat dei clergats, levat dins la region d'Alsàcia-Lorena. Ansin, l'influéncia dei religions a fòrtament demenit e França èra, au començament dau sègle <span title="Nombre escrit en chifras romanas" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xxi</span>, l'estat onte la practica religiosa es la pus febla d'Euròpa. Lo crestianisme demorava la religion principala (60% aperaquí) seguit per l'islam (10% aperaquí) e lo judaïsme (1% aperaquí). L'ateïsme regardava mai de 30% de la populacion e es en aumentacion constanta dempuei leis annadas 1980. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=39" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFAlba1959"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Alba</span>, André. L'âge classique, 1492-1789.  Hachette, 1959.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li></ul> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDecaux1995"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Decaux</span>, Alain. Alain Decaux raconte l'Histoire de France aux enfants.  Perrin, 1995.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li></ul> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDuby2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Duby</span>, Georges. Histoire de la France des origines à nos jours.  Larousse, 2007.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGros1991"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gros</span>, Pierre. La France gallo-romaine.  Nathan, 1991.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRoche1984"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Goubert</span>, Pierre; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Roche</span>, Daniel. Les Français et l'Ancien Régime.  Armand Colin, 1984.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li></ul> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMarion1923"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Marion</span>, Marcel. Dictionnaire des institutions de France XVIIe ‑ XVIIIe siècle.  Picard, 1923.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMéthivier1988"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Méthivier</span>, Hubert. Le Siècle de Louis XIV.  PUF, 1988.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParodi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Parodi</span>, Jean-Luc. Institutions et vie politique, la documentation française, 2003.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li> <li><b><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span></b> <span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFSoboul1962"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Soboul</span>, Albert. Histoire de la Révolution française, 1962.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vejatz_tanben">Vejatz tanben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Modificar la seccion : Vejatz tanben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=40" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Vejatz tanben"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_francesas" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions francesas">Regions francesas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departament_franc%C3%A9s" title="Departament francés">Departament francés</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=41" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligams extèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint wikiligam_alternatiu" style="clear:right; float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:250px;border:solid #AAAAAA 1px; background:#f9f9f9;padding:0px;font-size:90%;text-align:left;"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td style="line-height:50px;vertical-align:middle;position:relative" align="center" valign="middle"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="commons:"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td valign="middle"> <p><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> prepausa de documents multimèdia liures sus <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/France?uselang=oc">França</a></b>.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elysee.fr/">Presidéncia de la Republica francesa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.fr">Senat francés</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&section=42" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En francés">(<abbr title="">fr</abbr>)</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2450626">.mw-parser-output span.default a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Lock_icon_blue.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.abonament a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.liure a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.limitat a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.pdf a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}</style><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">Govèrn francés (<a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>). «<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATnon02145">Population totale par sexe et âge au 1er janvier 2011, France métropolitaine</a></span>».</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">Le Robert. Le Robert illustré & son dictionnaire internet 2016 (en francés).  París: SEJER. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Obratge_de_refer%C3%A9ncia/978-2-321-00645-9" title="Especial:Obratge de referéncia/978-2-321-00645-9">ISBN 978-2-321-00645-9</a></span>.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> </ol> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" data-autocollapse-group="paleta" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap tnavbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pa%C3%AFses_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_(COE)" title="Modèl:Paleta Païses d'Euròpa (COE)"><abbr class="abbr" title="Veire aqueste modèl.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pa%C3%AFses_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_(COE)&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modificar aqueste modèl. Mercé de previsualizar abans de salvar.">m</abbr></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandièra: Euròpa"><img alt="Bandièra: Euròpa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/55px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/83px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/110px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> Païses d’Euròpa</span></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Union Europèa</span></a><br /><small>(27 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica">Belgica</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre">Chipre</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia">Croàcia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A8nia" title="Eslovènia">Eslovènia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">Estònia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A0ndia" title="Finlàndia">Finlàndia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">França</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(pa%C3%ADs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlanda (país)">Irlanda</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B2nia" title="Letònia">Letònia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània">Lituània</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxemborg_(pa%C3%ADs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxemborg (país)">Luxemborg</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">Païses Basses</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Republica Chèca">Republica Chèca</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Associacion_Europ%C3%A8a_de_Liure_Escambi" title="Associacion Europèa de Liure Escambi"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Associacion Europèa de Liure Escambi</span></a><br /><small>(4 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ECECFF"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia">Islàndia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">Soïssa</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ac%C3%B2rdi_de_Liure_Escambi_Centreurop%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acòrdi de Liure Escambi Centreuropèu (la pagina existís pas)"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Acòrdi de Liure Escambi Centreuropèu</span></a><br /><small>(6 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2snia_e_Ercegovina" title="Bòsnia e Ercegovina">Bòsnia e Ercegovina</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Macedònia del Nòrd">Macedònia del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%A0via_(estat)" title="Moldàvia (estat)">Moldàvia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Los autres Estats europèus<br /><small>(o Estats qu'una partida n'es en Euròpa)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ECECFF"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/And%C3%B2rra" title="Andòrra">Andòrra</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaitjan" title="Azerbaitjan">Azerbaitjan</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan">Cazacstan</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(Cauc%C3%A0s)" title="Georgia (Caucàs)">Georgia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reialme Unit</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sant_Marin" title="Sant Marin">Sant Marin</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Los autres territòris europèus<br /><small>(dependéncias o estat de la reconeissença parciala)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipre_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Chipre del Nòrd">Chipre del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coss%C3%B2va_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Cossòva del Nòrd">Cossòva del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gibartar" title="Gibartar">Gibartar</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illa_de_Man" title="Illa de Man">Illa de Man</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illas_Fer%C3%B2e" title="Illas Feròe">Illas Feròe</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illas_Normandas" title="Illas Normandas">Illas Normandas</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kosova" title="Kosova">Kosova</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transn%C3%ADstria" title="Transnístria">Transnístria</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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