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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation_and_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation and origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics_and_fellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics_and_fellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Academics and fellows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics_and_fellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Masters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Student life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Student life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Student_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Student profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_at_Balliol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_at_Balliol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Women at Balliol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_at_Balliol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings_and_grounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings_and_grounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Buildings and grounds</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Buildings_and_grounds-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Buildings and grounds subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Buildings_and_grounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Front_quadrangle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Front_quadrangle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Front quadrangle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Front_quadrangle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Inn_Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Inn_Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>New Inn Hall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Inn_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garden_Quadrangle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garden_Quadrangle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Garden Quadrangle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garden_Quadrangle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holywell_Manor,_Manor_Road_and_Jowett_Walk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holywell_Manor,_Manor_Road_and_Jowett_Walk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Holywell Manor, Manor Road and Jowett Walk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holywell_Manor,_Manor_Road_and_Jowett_Walk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxford_Internet_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxford_Internet_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Oxford Internet Institute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxford_Internet_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions_and_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions_and_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Traditions and customs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traditions_and_customs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Traditions and customs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traditions_and_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tortoises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tortoises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tortoises</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tortoises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balliol–Trinity_rivalry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balliol–Trinity_rivalry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Balliol–Trinity rivalry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balliol–Trinity_rivalry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_repartee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_repartee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literary repartee</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literary_repartee-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literary repartee subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literary_repartee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Materialistic_limerick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materialistic_limerick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Materialistic limerick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materialistic_limerick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Masque_of_Balliol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Masque_of_Balliol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span><i>The Masque of Balliol</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Masque_of_Balliol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_associated_with_Balliol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_associated_with_Balliol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>People associated with Balliol</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People_associated_with_Balliol-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle People associated with Balliol subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-People_associated_with_Balliol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Balliol College, Oxford</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="كلية باليول بجامعة اوكسفورد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلية باليول بجامعة اوكسفورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C,_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="বেলিয়ল কলেজ, অক্সফোর্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেলিয়ল কলেজ, অক্সফোর্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Бэйліял-каледж – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бэйліял-каледж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliolova_kolej" title="Balliolova kolej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balliolova kolej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleg_Balliol,_Rhydychen" title="Coleg Balliol, Rhydychen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coleg Balliol, Rhydychen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کالج بالیول، آکسفورد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالج بالیول، آکسفورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Balliol College, Oxford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%27" title="בייליול קולג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בייליול קולג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="كلية باليول جامعة اوكسفورد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلية باليول جامعة اوكسفورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6)" title="ベリオール・カレッジ (オックスフォード大学) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベリオール・カレッジ (オックスフォード大学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College_(Oxford)" title="Balliol College (Oxford) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Balliol College (Oxford)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="بالیول کالج، آکسفورڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بالیول کالج، آکسفورڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College_(Oxford)" title="Balliol College (Oxford) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Balliol College (Oxford)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Баллиол-колледж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Баллиол-колледж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Balliol College, Oxford" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_koled%C5%BE,_Oksford" title="Balliol koledž, Oksford – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Balliol koledž, Oksford" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College" title="Balliol College – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balliol College" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_Koleji" title="Balliol Koleji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balliol Koleji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Коледж Бейлліол – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коледж Бейлліол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1%DA%88" title="بالیول کالج، اوکسفرڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بالیول کالج، اوکسفرڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E8%B4%9D%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="牛津大学贝利奥尔学院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="牛津大学贝利奥尔学院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Balliol_College,_Oxford&params=51.7547_N_1.2578_W_type:edu"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°45′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°15′28″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.7547°N 1.2578°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.7547; -1.2578</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">College of the University of Oxford</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Balliol College</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_-_Balliol_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1329613.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Oxford_-_Balliol_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1329613.jpg/220px-Oxford_-_Balliol_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1329613.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Oxford_-_Balliol_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1329613.jpg/330px-Oxford_-_Balliol_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1329613.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Oxford_-_Balliol_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1329613.jpg/440px-Oxford_-_Balliol_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1329613.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Balliol_College_Oxford.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Coat_of_Arms_of_Balliol_College_Oxford.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Balliol_College_Oxford.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Coat_of_Arms_of_Balliol_College_Oxford.svg/210px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Balliol_College_Oxford.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Coat_of_Arms_of_Balliol_College_Oxford.svg/280px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Balliol_College_Oxford.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="602" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Arms:</b> <i>Azure, a lion rampant argent, crowned or, impaling Gules, an orle argent</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #202336;"> </td> <td style="background: #202336;"> </td> <td style="background: #202336;"> </td><td style="background: #FFF; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #9C2770;"> </td> <td style="background: #9C2770;"> </td><td style="background: #FFF; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #202336;"> </td> <td style="background: #202336;"> </td> <td style="background: #202336;"> </td><td style="background: #FFF; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #9C2770;"> </td> <td style="background: #9C2770;"> </td><td style="background: #FFF; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #202336;"> </td> <td style="background: #202336;"> </td> <td style="background: #202336;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street,_Oxford" title="Broad Street, Oxford">Broad Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, OX1 3BJ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Balliol_College,_Oxford&params=51.7547_N_1.2578_W_type:edu"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°45′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°15′28″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.7547°N 1.2578°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.7547; -1.2578</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data">The Master and Scholars of Balliol College in the University of Oxford</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latin name</th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="la" style="font-style:italic">Collegium Balliolensis</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1263<span class="noprint">; 761 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1263</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Named for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_I_de_Balliol" title="John I de Balliol">John I de Balliol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sister_college" title="Sister college">Sister college</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Master_(college)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master (college)">Master</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dame <a href="/wiki/Helen_Ghosh" title="Helen Ghosh">Helen Ghosh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Undergraduates</th><td class="infobox-data">c.395 <small>(2023)</small><sup id="cite_ref-numbers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postgraduates</th><td class="infobox-data">c.405 <small>(2023)</small><sup id="cite_ref-numbers_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">£146m <small>(2023)</small><sup id="cite_ref-balliol2223_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balliol2223-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/">www<wbr />.balliol<wbr />.ox<wbr />.ac<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Boat club</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balliol_College_Boat_Club" title="Balliol College Boat Club">Balliol College Boat Club</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Map</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_map_small.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Balliol College, Oxford is located in Oxford city centre"><img alt="Balliol College, Oxford is located in Oxford city centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Oxford_map_small.svg/240px-Oxford_map_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Oxford_map_small.svg/360px-Oxford_map_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Oxford_map_small.svg/480px-Oxford_map_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="370" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.549%;left:55.806%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Balliol College, Oxford"><img alt="Balliol College, Oxford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Oxford city centre</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Balliol College</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-OxFlier_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxFlier-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a constituent college of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 1263 by nobleman <a href="/wiki/John_I_de_Balliol" title="John I de Balliol">John I de Balliol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has a claim to be the oldest college in Oxford and the English-speaking world.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With a governing body of a master and around 80 fellows, the college's main buildings are located on Broad Street with additional buildings to the east in Jowett Walk and Holywell Manor.<sup id="cite_ref-About_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As one of the larger colleges of Oxford University, Balliol typically has around 400 of both undergraduates and graduates. The college pioneered the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_politics_and_economics" title="Philosophy, politics and economics">PPE</a> degree in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Balliol has <a href="#People_associated_with_Balliol">notable alumni</a> from a wide range of disciplines. These include 13 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners and four <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_by_education" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by education">British prime ministers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_governance">History and governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_origins">Foundation and origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balliol College was founded in about 1263 by <a href="/wiki/John_I_de_Balliol" title="John I de Balliol">John I de Balliol</a> under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Kirkham" title="Walter of Kirkham">Walter of Kirkham</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Durham" title="Bishop of Durham">Bishop of Durham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend, the founder had abducted the bishop as part of a land dispute and as a penance he was publicly beaten by the bishop and had to support a group of scholars at Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-Foundation_legend_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foundation_legend-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After de Balliol's death in 1268, his widow, <a href="/wiki/Dervorguilla_of_Galloway" title="Dervorguilla of Galloway">Dervorguilla of Galloway</a> (their son and grandson each became <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Scotland">Kings of Scotland</a>), made arrangements to ensure the permanence of the college in that she provided capital and in 1282 formulated the college statutes, documents that survive to the present.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Balliol lays claim to being the oldest Oxford college, though this is disputed by both <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Oxford" title="University College, Oxford">University College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton</a>. Balliol's claim is that a house of scholars was established by the founder in Oxford in around 1263, in contrast to Merton, which was the first college to be granted an official statute in 1274, and University College, which, while provisionally founded by will in 1249, was only officially established around 1280. However, Balliol also acknowledges that the other two have legitimate claims on their respective bases, depending on what criteria are used to define the oldest.<sup id="cite_ref-Balliol_Archivist_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balliol_Archivist-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brockliss_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brockliss-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics_and_fellows">Academics and fellows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academics and fellows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_academics_of_Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="List of academics of Balliol College, Oxford">List of academics of Balliol College, Oxford</a></div> <p>As with all colleges, Balliol has a more or less permanent teaching staff, known as fellows. The college statutes provide for various categories of fellows and these include both tutorial fellows and professorial fellows. Professorial fellows are those <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">readers</a> of the university who are allocated to the college by the university. One of these professorships is the <a href="/wiki/Beit_Professor_of_Commonwealth_History" title="Beit Professor of Commonwealth History">Beit Professor of Commonwealth History</a>, which is currently held by <a href="/wiki/James_Belich_(historian)" title="James Belich (historian)">James Belich</a>. The Professorship of Internet Studies is currently held by political scientist <a href="/wiki/Philip_N._Howard" title="Philip N. Howard">Philip N. Howard</a>. Other professorships include the <a href="/wiki/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit" title="Boden Professor of Sanskrit">Boden Professor of Sanskrit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Montague_Burton_Professor_of_International_Relations" title="Montague Burton Professor of International Relations">Montague Burton Professor of International Relations</a>. Official fellows are those who hold tutorial or administrative appointments in the college. There are also senior and junior research fellows. The college can also elect "distinguished persons" to honorary fellowships.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The fellows are supplemented by <a href="/wiki/Academic_staff" title="Academic staff">academics</a> on short-term contracts. In addition, there are visiting international academics who come to Oxford for periods of up to a year, an example of this is the George Eastman Visiting Professorial Fellowship.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masters">Masters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Masters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_College_Oxford_Hall_1_(5647573692).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Balliol_College_Oxford_Hall_1_%285647573692%29.jpg/220px-Balliol_College_Oxford_Hall_1_%285647573692%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Balliol_College_Oxford_Hall_1_%285647573692%29.jpg/330px-Balliol_College_Oxford_Hall_1_%285647573692%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Balliol_College_Oxford_Hall_1_%285647573692%29.jpg/440px-Balliol_College_Oxford_Hall_1_%285647573692%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Balliol College Hall and SCR (from Fellows' Garden), Oxford</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_masters_of_Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="List of masters of Balliol College, Oxford">List of masters of Balliol College, Oxford</a></div> <p>Balliol College is run by the master and fellows of the college. The master of the college must be "the person who is, in their [the Fellows] judgement, most fit for the government of the College as a place of religion, learning, and education".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current master is Dame <a href="/wiki/Helen_Ghosh" title="Helen Ghosh">Helen Ghosh</a>, former Director-General of the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Secretary">Permanent Secretary</a>, and an alumna of <a href="/wiki/St_Hugh%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hugh's College, Oxford">St Hugh's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hertford_College,_Oxford" title="Hertford College, Oxford">Hertford</a> colleges. </p><p>Although the rules in no way suggest there is a preference for an alumnus or fellow of the college to be chosen, there have been few who were not. Only one in the twentieth century had no previous connection. A former student of the college, <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Baruch Blumberg</a>, was the first American master and the first <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Laureate</a>, receiving his prize in medicine for the identification of the <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B" title="Hepatitis B">hepatitis B</a> virus. The former Master of Balliol, Sir <a href="/wiki/Drummond_Bone" title="Drummond Bone">Drummond Bone</a>, was a post-graduate student there (Snell Exhibitioner from Glasgow University) and a scholar of the Romantic poet <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, and held the post from October 2011 to April 2018, following his retirement as Vice-Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Student life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_1st_VII_Headship_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Balliol_1st_VII_Headship_2008.jpg/220px-Balliol_1st_VII_Headship_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Balliol_1st_VII_Headship_2008.jpg/330px-Balliol_1st_VII_Headship_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Balliol_1st_VII_Headship_2008.jpg/440px-Balliol_1st_VII_Headship_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Balliol_College_Boat_Club" title="Balliol College Boat Club">Balliol College rowing</a> to Head of the River in <a href="/wiki/Summer_Eights" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Eights">Summer Eights</a> 2008</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_profile">Student profile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Student profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each year the college matriculates approximately 260 undergraduates and postgraduates combined according to the most recent data which is from the three-year period 2021-2023.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same source gives the socio-demographic profile of the students is as follows: male 54.5%; state educated 69.6%; white 73.4%. The proportion of male students decreased from 60.6% between the years of 2015 and 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The college provides its students with facilities including accommodation, the Hall (refectory), a <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a>, two bars, and separate common rooms for the fellows, the <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Undergraduates" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduates">undergraduates</a>. The JCR provides many services from laundry facilities, one of the few entirely student-run bars left in Oxford (the Manager, Lord/Lady Lindsay, is elected each year by students in the JCR) to a student-run cafeteria known as Pantry. There is a garden quadrangle and a nearby sports ground (the Master's Field) and <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College_Boat_Club" title="Balliol College Boat Club">boathouse</a>. The sports ground is mainly used for <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">hockey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>. <a href="/wiki/Croquet" title="Croquet">Croquet</a> may be played in the Master's Field or, in the summer term, in the garden quadrangle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The majority of undergraduates are housed within the main college or in the modern annexes (Jowett Walk buildings) around the sports ground. The graduates are housed mainly within <a href="/wiki/Holywell_Manor,_Oxford" title="Holywell Manor, Oxford">Holywell Manor</a> which has its own bar, gardens, common room, gym and computing facilities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_College_Dining_Hall,_Oxford_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Balliol_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Oxford_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Balliol_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Oxford_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Balliol_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Oxford_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Balliol_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Oxford_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Balliol_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Oxford_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Balliol_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Oxford_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="5502" /></a><figcaption>Balliol College Dining Hall</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_at_Balliol">Women at Balliol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Women at Balliol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For over 700 years, Balliol College admitted men only. <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College</a> had in 1964 resolved to admit women, but had been prevented from doing so without the approval of the university, which argued that this would be detrimental to the existing women's colleges. On 2 June 1971, a consilium at Balliol voted 26–2 to admit women, and at the next college meeting on 6 December 1971 it was resolved 30–8 to admit women "as soon as the change in its Statutes permitting this was approved by the Privy Council". Permission was granted by the university on 8 March 1977. With the appointment of Carol Clark to a Tutorial Fellowship in Modern Languages in 1973, Balliol became the first ancient all-male college to appoint a female fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the full admission of women as undergraduates, the college had decided to establish a co-educational graduate institution. The decision was made on 16 March 1964, and the senior tutor approached <a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Anne's College, Oxford">St Anne's College</a> shortly after this. The creation of the Balliol–St Anne's Graduate Institution with St Anne's in 1967 led to the coeducation of men and women on the <a href="/wiki/Holywell_Manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Holywell Manor">Holywell Manor</a> site. Following the arrival of women at Balliol and men at St Anne's in 1979, the joint Graduate Institution was terminated in 1984 by the consent of both colleges. Holywell Manor is now solely a part of Balliol College.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1979, along with many other previously all-male colleges, Balliol accepted its first cohort of female students.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first woman undergraduates to live at Balliol was Elena Ceva-Valla, who arrived on 16 September 1979. Other female undergraduates who arrived that term were <a href="/wiki/Cressida_Dick" title="Cressida Dick">Cressida Dick</a>, Katy Koralek and Penny Phillips. In 2010, the college unveiled a sundial in the Garden Quad commemorating the thirtieth anniversary of the admission of women to the college,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inscribed with the phrase "About Time". The first portrait of a woman in hall since that of the co-founder, <a href="/wiki/Dervorguilla_of_Galloway" title="Dervorguilla of Galloway">Dervorguilla of Galloway</a>, was unveiled in 2012, depicting benefactor and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Internet_Institute" title="Oxford Internet Institute">Oxford Internet Institute</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Shirley" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephanie Shirley">Dame Stephanie Shirley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This portrait has since been joined by portraits of Carol Clark and the mathematician <a href="/wiki/Frances_Kirwan" title="Frances Kirwan">Dame Frances Kirwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Ghosh" title="Helen Ghosh">Dame Helen Ghosh</a> succeeded <a href="/wiki/Drummond_Bone" title="Drummond Bone">Sir Drummond Bone</a> to become the college's first female master.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Kirwan" title="Frances Kirwan">Dame Frances Kirwan</a> became the twentieth <a href="/wiki/Savilian_Professor_of_Geometry" title="Savilian Professor of Geometry">Savilian Professor of Geometry</a> and the first woman to hold that post.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, students sent an open letter to the college and protested regarding their welfare following an alleged incident of sexual assault on a female graduate student that was covered by <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buildings_and_grounds">Buildings and grounds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Buildings and grounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_front_quad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Balliol_front_quad.jpg/220px-Balliol_front_quad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Balliol_front_quad.jpg/330px-Balliol_front_quad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Balliol_front_quad.jpg/440px-Balliol_front_quad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Front Quadrangle, Old Library</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_College_Oxford_Chapel_1_(5647523386).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Balliol_College_Oxford_Chapel_1_%285647523386%29.jpg/220px-Balliol_College_Oxford_Chapel_1_%285647523386%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Balliol_College_Oxford_Chapel_1_%285647523386%29.jpg/330px-Balliol_College_Oxford_Chapel_1_%285647523386%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Balliol_College_Oxford_Chapel_1_%285647523386%29.jpg/440px-Balliol_College_Oxford_Chapel_1_%285647523386%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4488" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Butterfield" title="William Butterfield">William Butterfield</a>'s chapel</figcaption></figure> <p>The college has been on its present site since its inception by Balliol's scholars as their residence with a lease dating to 1263 to them being the traditional "foundation" date.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Front_quadrangle">Front quadrangle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Front quadrangle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_College_Chapel,_Oxford,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Balliol_College_Chapel%2C_Oxford%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Balliol_College_Chapel%2C_Oxford%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Balliol_College_Chapel%2C_Oxford%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Balliol_College_Chapel%2C_Oxford%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Balliol_College_Chapel%2C_Oxford%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Balliol_College_Chapel%2C_Oxford%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5368" data-file-height="3832" /></a><figcaption>The interior of the chapel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_College_Oxford_2_(5646946613).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Balliol_College_Oxford_2_%285646946613%29.jpg/220px-Balliol_College_Oxford_2_%285646946613%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Balliol_College_Oxford_2_%285646946613%29.jpg/330px-Balliol_College_Oxford_2_%285646946613%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Balliol_College_Oxford_2_%285646946613%29.jpg/440px-Balliol_College_Oxford_2_%285646946613%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3114" data-file-height="4062" /></a><figcaption>The gateway to Balliol, designed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Waterhouse" title="Alfred Waterhouse">Alfred Waterhouse</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest parts of the college are the north and west ranges of the front quadrangle, dated to 1431, respectively the medieval hall, west side, now the "new library" and the "old library" first floor north side. The ground floor is the Old Senior Common Room. Balliol's second library pre-dates the publication of printed books in Europe. There is a possibility that the original Master's Chamber, south west side, adorned with a fine oriel window, is earlier than these; it is now the Master's Dining Room.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Grey_(bishop_of_Ely)" title="William Grey (bishop of Ely)">William Grey</a>, Bishop of Ely, was a benefactor of the college in the 15th century. Grey devoted much care to the collection of manuscripts, and wherever he lived constantly employed scribes to make copies of books he could not otherwise obtain. Many of these he had adorned with costly miniatures and initial letters by the skill of an artist who worked for him at Florence. It was his desire to make his collection the nucleus of a library for Balliol College, to the building of which, as well as to that of the master's lodgings and of the old buttery and hall, he contributed largely. The work was finished about 1477 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Abdy_(master_of_Balliol)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Abdy (master of Balliol) (page does not exist)">Robert Abdy</a>, then master of the college, and enriched with some two hundred manuscripts, the bishop's gift. Of these, many were destroyed in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a> and during the great rebellion, and by Wood's time few of the miniatures in the remaining volumes had escaped mutilation. But by 1890, no less than 152 of Grey's codices were still in the possession of the college, and form a large part of <a href="/wiki/R._A._B._Mynors" title="R. A. B. Mynors">Roger Mynors</a>'s 1963 catalogue of the college's manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bishop's coat of arms (<a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lion_rampant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion rampant">lion rampant</a>, within a bordure engrailed argent) is displayed on two windows of the Old Library, and in the panels below the window of the <a href="/wiki/Master_(college)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master (college)">Master</a>'s dining room.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The chapel is the third (perhaps fourth) on the site and was designed by <a href="/wiki/William_Butterfield" title="William Butterfield">William Butterfield</a> in 1857.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Waterhouse" title="Alfred Waterhouse">Alfred Waterhouse</a> designed the main <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street,_Oxford" title="Broad Street, Oxford">Broad Street</a> frontage of the college (1867–68), along with gateway and tower, known as the Brackenbury Buildings after philanthropist and donor <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Brackenbury" title="Hannah Brackenbury">Hannah Brackenbury</a>, replacing earlier structures (Staircases I–VII). The first staircase next to the Chapel contains the Organ Scholar's lodgings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Inn_Hall">New Inn Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: New Inn Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under a statute of 1881, <a href="/wiki/New_Inn_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="New Inn Hall">New Inn Hall</a>, one of the remaining <a href="/wiki/Academic_halls_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Academic halls of the University of Oxford">medieval halls</a>, was merged into Balliol College in 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-Library_History_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Library_History-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balliol acquired New Inn Hall's admissions and other records for 1831–1887<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the library of New Inn Hall, which largely contained 18th-century law books.<sup id="cite_ref-Library_History_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Library_History-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New Inn Hall site was later sold and is now part of <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Peter's College, Oxford">St Peter's College, Oxford</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garden_Quadrangle">Garden Quadrangle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Garden Quadrangle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South-side is the front part of the Master's Lodgings on Broad Street from the Waterhouse improvements of the 1860s of the front quad. The neighbour to this is the Fisher Building of 1759 (Stc X) The undistinguished looking Stc XI, south west side, is in fact the oldest structure in this quadrangle, 1720, originally intended as accommodation for scholars from Bristol, hence its name. Continuing the west-side Stc XII–XIV dates from 1826, by <a href="/wiki/George_Basevi" title="George Basevi">George Basevi</a>, and marks the beginnings of the college's academic renaissance being required for the increasing number of Commoners applying for places. Stc XV by Warren of 1912 filled in the last gap of the quadrangle; the ground floor and basement is the principal Junior Common Room. This unfortunately obscures the lines of the Salvin designed Stc XVI–XIX with Tower of 1853. As does the 1968 building by Beard Stc XX, replacing a Victorian structure. This completely hides a formal gateway similar to that at the Broad Street main entrance, this can be viewed outside from Little Magdalen Street, through the gap marked XIX one finds the small function room "Massey Room". At north side, of Stc XX is the "Back Gate" which is part of the 1906 Warren building, west and north side, Stc XXI. 1 St Giles' is its neighbour which is part of the college and houses the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Internet_Institute" title="Oxford Internet Institute">Oxford Internet Institute</a>. Beard's Stc XXII replaces Victorian rooms, which were provided from the Vivian Bulkeley-Johnson benefaction. Beard's Stc XX and XXII are connected by the Snell Bridge accommodation at third-floor level, which was provided from Glasgow University's Snell Benefaction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The college's dining hall was built in 1877, replacing an older hall in the front quadrangle, which had become too small for the college's population.<sup id="cite_ref-ArchitectWeekly_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArchitectWeekly-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by Alfred Waterhouse,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the hall is built in geometric style, using <a href="/wiki/Bath_stone" title="Bath stone">Bath stone</a> and Tisbury stone, with roof and woodwork made of oak.<sup id="cite_ref-ArchitectWeekly_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArchitectWeekly-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hall features a <a href="/wiki/Henry_Willis_%26_Sons" title="Henry Willis & Sons">Willis</a> organ, again instituted by Benjamin Jowett.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old hall became part of the library.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ground floor contains the college bar and shop, known as "The Buttery" (west side) and the Senior Common Room lunch room (east side). The 1966 new Senior Common Room range (Stc XXIII) (northern and eastern sides) was a benefaction of the <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Sunley" title="Bernard Sunley">Bernard Sunley Foundation</a> and contains some smaller rooms and the principal SCR lounge, replacing Victorian facilities. Below this is a Lecture Room ("LR XXIII").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The east side of the quad is a neighbouring wall with Trinity College, at the southern end is the Master's Garden, in front of the chapel, and the Fellows' Garden in front of the "Old" (Senior) Common Room. The Tower forming the corner between the "Old Hall" and "Old Library" is also by Salvin, of 1853 and balances that at Stc XVI–XIX.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Underneath part of the Garden Quad and extending into Trinity were the <a href="/wiki/Balliol-Trinity_Laboratories" title="Balliol-Trinity Laboratories">Balliol-Trinity Laboratories</a>, the most prominent Oxford physical and chemical laboratories in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in which physical chemist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseley</a> (originator of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> worked. These are now disused, following the construction of the university <a href="/wiki/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Laboratory_(Oxford)" title="Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory (Oxford)">Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory</a> on <a href="/wiki/South_Parks_Road" title="South Parks Road">South Parks Road</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holywell_Manor,_Manor_Road_and_Jowett_Walk"><span id="Holywell_Manor.2C_Manor_Road_and_Jowett_Walk"></span>Holywell Manor, Manor Road and Jowett Walk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Holywell Manor, Manor Road and Jowett Walk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_at_Balliol_2005-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cricket_at_Balliol_2005-06.jpg/220px-Cricket_at_Balliol_2005-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cricket_at_Balliol_2005-06.jpg/330px-Cricket_at_Balliol_2005-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cricket_at_Balliol_2005-06.jpg/440px-Cricket_at_Balliol_2005-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1068" /></a><figcaption>Cricket on the Master's Field with the Jowett Walk buildings in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_StCrossChurch_Southwest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Oxford_StCrossChurch_Southwest.jpg/220px-Oxford_StCrossChurch_Southwest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Oxford_StCrossChurch_Southwest.jpg/330px-Oxford_StCrossChurch_Southwest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Oxford_StCrossChurch_Southwest.jpg/440px-Oxford_StCrossChurch_Southwest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="1755" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Cross_Church,_Oxford" title="St Cross Church, Oxford">St Cross Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of research and post-graduate students are housed in the <a href="/wiki/Holywell_Manor,_Oxford" title="Holywell Manor, Oxford">Holywell Manor</a> complex, a Grade II listed building acquired by Balliol in 1932 under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Norman_Bell" title="Kenneth Norman Bell">Kenneth Norman Bell</a>. It hosts a collection of artworks by alumni of the college, including a mural by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Spencer" title="Gilbert Spencer">Gilbert Spencer</a> depicting the college's founding, and hosts a biennial Holywell Manor Festival,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garden Party, and Garden Play. Balliol hosts more graduate students than any other ancient college,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Manor forms the centre of this community, providing facilities such as the Middle Common Room (MCR) itself, an extensive garden, TV and computer rooms, music practice rooms, a 'Cockpit' leisure room, and the graduate-student-run 'Megaron' bar. The Manor from 1967 until the full admission of women at Balliol in 1979 was host to the Balliol-St Anne's Graduate Institution, including students from <a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Anne's College, Oxford">St Anne's College, Oxford</a>. Former residents include <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masako,_Empress_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Masako, Empress of Japan">Masako, Empress of Japan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The 20th century saw several further additions to the college's accommodation, the Martin Building of 1966 ('Holywell <i>Minor</i>, a reference to Holywell Manor, across the road) and the Dellal Building (1986) for graduates on Manor Road.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many undergraduates and some graduates live in buildings on <a href="/wiki/Jowett_Walk" title="Jowett Walk">Jowett Walk</a> a phased development 1996–2004 (Phase 1 completed September 1996, Phase 2 completed July 2004),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> containing a small theatre facility, the <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pilch_Studio" title="Michael Pilch Studio">Michael Pilch Studio</a>, five minutes' walking distance from the main college site; these two developments are on the outskirts of the Master's Field, the sports ground and pavilion facilities of the college. Jowett Walk has also provided accommodation for some non-Balliol undergraduates, as part of an arrangement with <a href="/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford" title="Wadham College, Oxford">Wadham College, Oxford</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From 2010, <a href="/wiki/St_Cross_Church,_Oxford" title="St Cross Church, Oxford">St Cross Church</a>, next to the Manor, has been the college's Historic Collections Centre, an extension to the library's services. The church dates from the 11th or 12th century and is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#Categories_of_listed_building" title="Listed building">Grade I listed building</a>. This is the third time an Oxford college has incorporated a redundant church as a Library (see <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_College,_Oxford" title="Lincoln College, Oxford">Lincoln College</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Edmund_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Edmund Hall">St. Edmund Hall</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the college entered into a specialised financial arrangement which enabled it to project a new 200 plus 'study-bedsits' accommodation range at the Master's Field/ Jowett Walk/ St Cross Road site which would also replace the Eastman Professor's House, Martin and Dellal buildings there. This would mean a net increase of approximately 140 rooms fulfilling the college's long-term intention of providing accommodation to all its undergraduates for all their degree terms and also some rooms for dons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The project includes ten new buildings and a new sports pavilion, including a space for dining, events, spectators and squash courts in the basement. The first building opened in spring 2019 and the completion and occupation of the rest is due by January 2021. In the first phase, work began on the south of the site, at the corner of Jowett Walk and St Cross Road, to provide the accommodation for undergraduates and the new pavilion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oxford_Internet_Institute">Oxford Internet Institute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Oxford Internet Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balliol College, and its previous Master <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Graham_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Graham (academic)">Andrew Graham</a>, played a major role in 2000–01 in setting up the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Internet_Institute" title="Oxford Internet Institute">Oxford Internet Institute</a>. This was the first multidisciplinary research and policy centre in a European university devoted to examining the impact of the Internet on society. It is a department within the <a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences_Division,_University_of_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Sciences Division, University of Oxford">Social Sciences Division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>, but is physically located within the grounds of Balliol, and its previous Director (<a href="/wiki/William_H._Dutton" title="William H. Dutton">William H. Dutton</a>) was a Professorial Fellow of Balliol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions_and_customs">Traditions and customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Traditions and customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_College_Feb_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Balliol_College_Feb_2005.jpg/220px-Balliol_College_Feb_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Balliol_College_Feb_2005.jpg/330px-Balliol_College_Feb_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Balliol_College_Feb_2005.jpg/440px-Balliol_College_Feb_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="1911" /></a><figcaption>The front of the college in <a href="/wiki/Broad_Street,_Oxford" title="Broad Street, Oxford">Broad Street</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balliol_College,_Oxford_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Balliol_College%2C_Oxford_building.jpg/220px-Balliol_College%2C_Oxford_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Balliol_College%2C_Oxford_building.jpg/330px-Balliol_College%2C_Oxford_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Balliol_College%2C_Oxford_building.jpg/440px-Balliol_College%2C_Oxford_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Garden Quad</figcaption></figure> <p>Along with many of the ancient colleges, Balliol has evolved its own traditions and customs over the centuries, many of which occupy a regular calendar slot. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of the college is <a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Catherine of Alexandria">Saint Catherine of Alexandria</a>. On her feast day (25 November), a formal dinner is held for all final year students within Balliol. This festival was well established by 1550. Another important feast is the Snell Dinner. This dinner is held in memory of <a href="/wiki/John_Snell" title="John Snell">John Snell</a>, whose benefaction established exhibitions for students from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a> to study at Balliol (the first exhibitioners were matriculated in 1699) one of whom was <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>. The feast is attended by fellows of Balliol College, the current Snell Exhibitioners, and representatives from Glasgow University and <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The MCR has one black-tie dinner each term: the Christmas Dinner in Michaelmas, <a href="/wiki/Burns_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="Burns Night">Burns Night</a> in Hilary, and the May Dinner in Trinity Term.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By far the most eccentric event is The Nepotists carol-singing event organised by the college's Arnold and Brackenbury Society. This event happens on the last Friday of <a href="/wiki/Michaelmas" title="Michaelmas">Michaelmas</a> term each year. On this occasion, Balliol students congregate in the college hall to enjoy <a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">mulled wine</a> and the singing of carols. The evening historically ended with a rendition of "The Gordouli" (see <a href="#Balliol–Trinity_rivalry">Balliol–Trinity rivalry</a> below) on Broad Street, outside the gates of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford" title="Trinity College, Oxford">Trinity College</a>, although in recent years the song has been sung from within the college walls.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A college society which no longer survives is the <a href="/wiki/Hysteron_Proteron_Club" title="Hysteron Proteron Club">Hysteron Proteron Club</a>, which aimed to live one day of each term backwards.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tortoises">Tortoises</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tortoises"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balliol also takes pride in its college tortoises. The original tortoise, who lived at the college for at least 43 years, was known as Rosa, named after the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a>. Each June, pet tortoises from various Oxford colleges are brought to <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi College</a> where they participate in a very slow race; Balliol's own Rosa competed and won many times. Rosa disappeared in the Spring of 2004, and while numerous conspiracy theories abounded, none is officially recognised by the college. However, on 29 April 2007, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Skidmore" title="Chris Skidmore">Chris Skidmore</a>, a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a> working at the House of Commons, donated a pair of tortoises - one to his own college, and one to Balliol, where he had attended an open day in 1999. The new tortoise, Matilda, died in April 2009. Taking care of the resident tortoise is one of the many tasks assigned to Balliol students each year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This position, known as "Comrade Tortoise", has been filled by a student every year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balliol–Trinity_rivalry"><span id="Balliol.E2.80.93Trinity_rivalry"></span>Balliol–Trinity rivalry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Balliol–Trinity rivalry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many years, there has been a traditional and fierce <a href="/wiki/College_rivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="College rivalry">rivalry</a> shown between the students of Balliol and those of its immediate neighbour to the east, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford" title="Trinity College, Oxford">Trinity College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has manifested itself on the sports field and the river; in the form of songs (of varying degrees of offensiveness) sung over the dividing walls; and in the form of "raids" on the other college. The rivalry reflects that which also exists between <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> and Balliol's sister college, <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In college <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>, the rivalry goes back to the late 17th century, when <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bathurst" title="Ralph Bathurst">Ralph Bathurst</a>, President of Trinity, was supposedly observed throwing stones at Balliol's windows.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, in its modern form, the rivalry appears to date from the late 1890s, when the chant or song known as a "Gordouli" began to be sung from the Balliol side.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional words run:<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Gordouli<br /> Face like a ham,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson_(civil_servant)" title="Robert Johnson (civil servant)">Bobby Johnson</a> says so<br /> And he should know. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The shouting of chants over the wall is still known as "a Gordouli", and the tradition continues as the students gather to sing following boat club dinners and other events. The traditional Gordouli is said to have been sung by Balliol and Trinity men in the trenches of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Balliol became known for its radicalism and political activism in the 20th century, and saw an abortive coup in the 1960s in which students took over the college and declared it "the People's Republic of Balliol".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contrast between the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">radical</a> tendencies of many Balliol students and the traditional conservatism and social exclusivity of Trinity gave the rivalry an extra edge. The fact that Balliol (in contrast to Trinity) had admitted a number of Indian and Asiatic students also gave many of the taunts from the Trinity side a distinctly <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a> tone: Balliol students, for example, were sometime referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Sotho_people" title="Sotho people">Basutos</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Red_Herrings" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Red Herrings">Five Red Herrings</a></i> (1931), a <a href="/wiki/Lord_Peter_Wimsey" title="Lord Peter Wimsey">Lord Peter Wimsey</a> novel by <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville</a> alumna <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayers" title="Dorothy L. Sayers">Dorothy L. Sayers</a>, Lord Peter (a Balliol man) is asked whether he remembers a certain contemporary from Trinity. <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'I never knew any Trinity men,' said Wimsey. 'The Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sayers also alludes to the rivalry in <i><a href="/wiki/Murder_Must_Advertise" title="Murder Must Advertise">Murder Must Advertise</a></i> (1933): Mr Ingleby, a Trinity man, comments, "If there is one thing more repulsive than another it is Balliolity."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the wittier raids from Balliol, in 1962 or 1963, involved the turfing of the whole of Trinity <a href="/wiki/Common_Room_(university)" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Room (university)">JCR</a> (complete with daffodils).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last incident suspected to relate to the feud was the vandalism of Trinity's Senior Common Room pond, which led to the death of all but one of the fish.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_repartee">Literary repartee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Literary repartee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materialistic_limerick">Materialistic limerick</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Materialistic limerick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Garden Quad at Balliol is the scene of the well-known<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> limerick that parodies the <a href="/wiki/Immaterialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Immaterialist">immaterialist</a> philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop Berkeley">Bishop Berkeley</a>: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>There was a young man who said, God<br /> Must think it exceedingly odd<br /> If he finds that this tree<br /> Still continues to be<br /> When there's no one about in the Quad. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>and also of the response, by the Balliol-educated Catholic theologian and Bible translator <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Knox" title="Ronald Knox">Ronald Knox</a>, which more accurately reflects Berkeley's own beliefs: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>Dear Sir, your astonishment's odd:<br /> I am <i>always</i> about in the Quad.<br /> And that's why the tree<br /> Will continue to be,<br /> Since observed by, Yours faithfully, GOD. </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Masque_of_Balliol"><i>The Masque of Balliol</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The Masque of Balliol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1880, seven mischievous Balliol undergraduates published <i>The Masque of B-ll--l</i>, a broadsheet of forty quatrains making light of their superiors – the master and selected fellows, scholars, and commoners – and themselves. The outraged authorities immediately suppressed the collection, and only a few copies survived, three of which found their way into the college library over the years, and one into the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>. Verses of this form are now known as <a href="/wiki/Balliol_rhyme" title="Balliol rhyme">Balliol rhymes</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The best known of these rhymes is the one on <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Jowett" title="Benjamin Jowett">Benjamin Jowett</a>. This has been widely quoted and reprinted in virtually every book about Jowett and about Balliol ever since.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>First come I.<br /> My name is J-W-TT.<br /> There's no knowledge but I know it.<br /> I am Master of this College,<br /> What I don't know isn't knowledge. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>This and 18 others are attributed to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Charles_Beeching" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Charles Beeching">Henry Charles Beeching</a>. The other quatrains are much less well known.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Tuckwell" title="William Tuckwell">William Tuckwell</a> included 18 of these quatrains in his <i>Reminiscences</i> in 1900, but they all came out only in 1939, thanks to Walter George Hiscock, an Oxford librarian, who issued them personally then and in a second edition in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_associated_with_Balliol">People associated with Balliol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: People associated with Balliol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="List of people associated with Balliol College, Oxford">List of people associated with Balliol College, Oxford</a></div> <p>A wide range of figures who have contributed deeply to public life were either educated or taught at Balliol. Balliol people were, for example, prominent in establishing the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Educational_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers Educational Association">Workers Educational Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Beveridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Beveridge">welfare state</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"><img alt="H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg/92px-Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg/138px-Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg/183px-Herbert_Henry_Asquith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"><img alt="Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.jpg/99px-Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.jpg/148px-Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.jpg/198px-Edward_Heath_4_Allan_Warren_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5672" data-file-height="6884" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Baháʼí Faith"><img alt="Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Baháʼí Faith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/94px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/142px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg/189px-Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="2095" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a>, Guardian of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aldous_Huxley.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aldous Huxley, writer and philosopher"><img alt="Aldous Huxley, writer and philosopher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aldous_Huxley.JPG/89px-Aldous_Huxley.JPG" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aldous_Huxley.JPG/134px-Aldous_Huxley.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aldous_Huxley.JPG/179px-Aldous_Huxley.JPG 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="241" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, writer and philosopher</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"><img alt="Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/128px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/171px-Boris_Johnson_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1578" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Macmillan_in_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"><img alt="Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Harold_Macmillan_in_1961.jpg/88px-Harold_Macmillan_in_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Harold_Macmillan_in_1961.jpg/133px-Harold_Macmillan_in_1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Harold_Macmillan_in_1961.jpg/177px-Harold_Macmillan_in_1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="1342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_Smith_The_Muir_portrait_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adam Smith, economist and author"><img alt="Adam Smith, economist and author" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Adam_Smith_The_Muir_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/96px-Adam_Smith_The_Muir_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Adam_Smith_The_Muir_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/144px-Adam_Smith_The_Muir_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Adam_Smith_The_Muir_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/192px-Adam_Smith_The_Muir_portrait_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="1563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, economist and author</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F040153-0028,_Bonn,_Pressekonferenz_CDU-Vorstand,_Weizs%C3%A4cker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard von Weizsäcker, former President of Germany"><img alt="Richard von Weizsäcker, former President of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F040153-0028%2C_Bonn%2C_Pressekonferenz_CDU-Vorstand%2C_Weizs%C3%A4cker.jpg/79px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F040153-0028%2C_Bonn%2C_Pressekonferenz_CDU-Vorstand%2C_Weizs%C3%A4cker.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F040153-0028%2C_Bonn%2C_Pressekonferenz_CDU-Vorstand%2C_Weizs%C3%A4cker.jpg/119px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F040153-0028%2C_Bonn%2C_Pressekonferenz_CDU-Vorstand%2C_Weizs%C3%A4cker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F040153-0028%2C_Bonn%2C_Pressekonferenz_CDU-Vorstand%2C_Weizs%C3%A4cker.jpg/158px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F040153-0028%2C_Bonn%2C_Pressekonferenz_CDU-Vorstand%2C_Weizs%C3%A4cker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="775" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a>, former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a></div> </li> </ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linus_Pauling_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Linus_Pauling_1962.jpg/218px-Linus_Pauling_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Linus_Pauling_1962.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a>: The only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_(NASA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg/220px-Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg/330px-Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg/440px-Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="2682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Barry Blumberg</a>: The scientific director at the Fox Chase Cancer Centre said "I think it's fair to say that Barry prevented more cancer deaths than any person who's ever lived".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b><big>Nobel Prize winners</big></b> </p><p>Five former Balliol students and seven fellows became Nobel Laureates, with Linus Pauling winning two Nobel Prizes. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Field </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> </td> <td>Chemistry </td> <td>1954 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a> </td> <td>Chemistry </td> <td>1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> </td> <td>Physiology or Medicine </td> <td>1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> </td> <td>Peace </td> <td>1962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">John Hicks</a> </td> <td>Economics </td> <td>1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> </td> <td>Economics </td> <td>1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baruch_S._Blumberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Baruch S. Blumberg">Baruch S. Blumberg</a> </td> <td>Physiology or Medicine </td> <td>1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John Van Vleck">John Van Vleck</a> </td> <td>Physics </td> <td>1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> </td> <td>Economics </td> <td>1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Ramsey">Norman Ramsey</a> </td> <td>Physics </td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_D._Phillips" class="mw-redirect" title="William D. Phillips">William D. Phillips</a> </td> <td>Physics </td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_J._Leggett" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony J. Leggett">Anthony J. Leggett</a> </td> <td>Physics </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a> </td> <td>Physiology or Medicine </td> <td>2007 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><big>Science</big></b> </p><p>Balliol played an important role in early modern science: </p> <ul><li>The early Newtonian <a href="/wiki/David_Gregory_(mathematician)" title="David Gregory (mathematician)">David Gregory</a> was "the first to openly teach the doctrines of the <i><a href="/wiki/Principia_Mathematica" title="Principia Mathematica">Principia</a></i>, in a public seminary" and was elected <a href="/wiki/Savilian_Professor_of_Astronomy" title="Savilian Professor of Astronomy">Savilian Professor of Astronomy</a>, due in large part to the influence of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keill" title="John Keill">John Keill</a>, another important defender of Newton, who after being appointed as lecturer in experimental philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Hart_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart Hall">Hart Hall</a>, started performing experiments based on Newton's findings</li> <li>The mathematician <a href="/wiki/James_Stirling_(mathematician)" title="James Stirling (mathematician)">James Stirling</a>, best remembered for <a href="/wiki/Stirling%27s_approximation" title="Stirling's approximation">Stirling's approximation</a> for factorials, was a Snell and Warner exhibitioner expelled in 1715 for his correspondence with Jacobites</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley" title="James Bradley">James Bradley</a>, best known for his discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Aberration_of_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberration of light">aberration of light</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_nutation" title="Astronomical nutation">nutation of the Earth's axis</a>, who was placed (after Hipparchus and Kepler) "above the greatest astronomers of all ages and all countries" by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Delambre" title="Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre">Delambre</a> and was appointed <a href="/wiki/Savilian_Professor_of_Astronomy" title="Savilian Professor of Astronomy">Savilian Professor of Astronomy</a>, eventually becoming the third <a href="/wiki/Astronomer_Royal" title="Astronomer Royal">Astronomer Royal</a> in 1742<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a> was a Balliol student from 1959 to 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><big>Politics</big></b> </p><p>Balliol has produced four <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom">British Prime Ministers</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></li></ul> <p>Other senior leadership positions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Grimond" title="Jo Grimond">Jo Grimond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Yvette Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nathaniel_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="George Nathaniel Curzon">George Nathaniel Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milner" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Milner">Alfred Milner</a></li></ul> <p>Current politically prominent alumni: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Yvette Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Stewart" title="Rory Stewart">Rory Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Yang_(politician)" title="Yuan Yang (politician)">Yuan Yang</a></li></ul> <p>International leaders: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a> from 1984 to 1994, considered the most popular of Germany's presidents, who oversaw the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seretse_Khama" title="Seretse Khama">Sir Sereste Khama</a>, "Father of Independence" and first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Botswana" title="President of Botswana">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, who led his <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Botswana">country's independence movement</a> and transition from British rule into an independent, democratic nation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Bishara" title="Abdullah Bishara">Abdullah Bishara</a>, first secretary general of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a> (1981–1993) who played a vital role during the first Gulf War, former Kuwait representative to the United Nations (1971–1981)</li></ul> <p>Royal alumni: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Masako" title="Empress Masako">Empress Masako</a> of Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav V of Norway">Olav V of Norway</a>, (after whose donation of expanding the JCR is named the Norway Room)</li> <li>His son and current king <a href="/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald V of Norway">Harald V of Norway</a></li></ul> <p>Political journalists: </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s associate editor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bush" title="Stephen Bush">Stephen Bush</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s chief arts writer <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Higgins" title="Charlotte Higgins">Charlotte Higgins</a></li> <li>Columnist and <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> communications specialist <a href="/wiki/Seumas_Milne" title="Seumas Milne">Seumas Milne</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">Times</a></i> Columnist <a href="/wiki/David_Aaronovitch" title="David Aaronovitch">David Aaronovitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Christopher Hitchens</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a>, Head of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> from 1921 until his death in 1957, also studied <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Sciences">Social Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><b><big>Law</big></b></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Bingham,_Baron_Bingham_of_Cornhill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Thomas_Bingham%2C_Baron_Bingham_of_Cornhill.jpg/194px-Thomas_Bingham%2C_Baron_Bingham_of_Cornhill.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Thomas_Bingham%2C_Baron_Bingham_of_Cornhill.jpg/292px-Thomas_Bingham%2C_Baron_Bingham_of_Cornhill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Thomas_Bingham%2C_Baron_Bingham_of_Cornhill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Lord Bingham: Described as "the greatest lawyer of his generation" and "the greatest jurist of our time".</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">John Marshall Harlan II</a>, described as one of the most influential <a href="/wiki/US_Supreme_Court_justices" class="mw-redirect" title="US Supreme Court justices">US Supreme Court justices</a> of the twentieth century, he was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Bingham">Thomas Bingham</a> was the Senior <a href="/wiki/Law_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Lord">Law Lord</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, described by <a href="/wiki/Nick_Phillips,_Baron_Phillips_of_Worth_Matravers" title="Nick Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers">Nick Phillips</a> as "head and shoulders above everybody else in the Law in my view…yes just outstanding…his clarity of thought, his academic knowledge. I think almost everyone would say that he was, you know, the great lawyer of his generation"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hutton,_Baron_Hutton" title="Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton">Brian Hutton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Rodger,_Baron_Rodger_of_Earlsferry" title="Alan Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry">Alan Rodger</a> held equivalent positions in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, at one point, all three simultaneously</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cressida_Dick" title="Cressida Dick">Cressida Dick</a> is the immediate past <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_of_the_Metropolis" title="Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis">Commissioner</a> of the London <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a>, the first woman to hold this role</li></ul> <p><b><big>Literature</big></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a>, Poet Laureate chiefly remembered today for the original version of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears"</li></ul><p> The height of Baliol's literary influence came in the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_literature" title="Victorian literature">Victorian era</a>, when virtually all major poets had some connection with Balliol:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_Manley_Hopkins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins.jpg/220px-Gerard_Manley_Hopkins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Gerard Manley Hopkins: Though Hopkins died in 1889, his complete works were not published until 1918. He is now considered as influential as <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> in initiating <a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">literary modernism</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins" title="Gerard Manley Hopkins">Gerard Manley Hopkins</a>, though publishing little while alive, has experienced posthumous fame that placed him among leading English poets with his <a href="/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics)" title="Prosody (linguistics)">prosody</a> establishing him as an innovator, as did his praise of God through vivid use of <a href="/wiki/Imagery_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagery (literature)">imagery</a> and nature; by 1930 Hopkins's work was seen as one of the most original literary advances of his century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Matthew Arnold</a>, influential poet and critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Charles_Swinburne" title="Algernon Charles Swinburne">A.C. Swinburne</a>, who was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> every year from 1903 to 1909</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Browning" title="Robert Browning">Robert Browning</a>, deemed "the most considerable poet in English since the major Romantics",<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a personal friend of master <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Jowett" title="Benjamin Jowett">Benjamin Jowett</a> and became the college's first <a href="/wiki/Honorary_fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary fellow">Honorary Fellow</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> donating his portrait and other memorabilia to the college, which grew to become "one of the most distinguished collections of Browning material"<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Of 20th century writers: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Knox" title="Ronald Knox">Ronald Knox</a>, Catholic Priest, crime writer and translator of the <a href="/wiki/Knox_Bible" title="Knox Bible">Knox Bible</a>, which was called "an exceptional achievement both of scholarship and of literary dedication" by Archbishop of Canterbury, <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a>, regarded as one of the leading novelists of the 20th century, shortlisted for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> several times</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Macleod" title="Joseph Macleod">Joseph Macleod</a>, one of the earliest interpreters of <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a> in the UK, whom <a href="/wiki/Basil_Bunting" title="Basil Bunting">Basil Bunting</a> claimed was the most important living British poet, while also gaining admiration from <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Powell" title="Anthony Powell">Anthony Powell</a>, associate of <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a> who wrote <i><a href="/wiki/A_Dance_to_the_Music_of_Time" title="A Dance to the Music of Time">A Dance to the Music of Time</a></i>, ranked 36th on the BBC list of 100 greatest British novels<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson_Davies" title="Robertson Davies">Robertson Davies</a>, one of Canada's best known and most popular authors and one of its most distinguished "<a href="/wiki/Intellectual#Man_of_Letters" title="Intellectual">men of letters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevil_Shute" title="Nevil Shute">Nevil Shute</a>, whose novels <i><a href="/wiki/A_Town_Like_Alice" title="A Town Like Alice">A Town Like Alice</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Trustee_from_the_Toolroom" title="Trustee from the Toolroom">Trustee from the Toolroom</a></i> at and <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_(novel)" title="On the Beach (novel)">On the Beach</a></i> featured on the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library_100_Best_Novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Library 100 Best Novels">Modern Library 100 Best Novels</a> of the 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Doors_of_Perception" title="The Doors of Perception">The Doors of Perception</a></i>, widely acknowledged as one of the foremost intellectuals of his time, nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> nine times, and elected <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Literature" title="Companion of Literature">Companion of Literature</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a> in 1962</li> <li>Franco-English writer <a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Hilaire Belloc</a></li></ul> <p>Among contemporary writers: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwyneth_Lewis" title="Gwyneth Lewis">Gwyneth Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">MBE</a> (born 1959), is a Welsh poet, who was the inaugural <a href="/wiki/National_Poet_of_Wales" title="National Poet of Wales">National Poet of Wales</a> in 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Minford" title="John Minford">John Minford</a> is <a href="/wiki/Sinologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinologist">sinologist</a>, known for his translation of Chinese classics like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Tao_Te_Ching" title="Tao Te Ching">Tao Te Ching</a></i></li></ul> <p>In terms of critics, Balliol has produced <a href="/wiki/A._C._Bradley" title="A. C. Bradley">A.C. Bradley</a>, writer of <i>Shakespearean Tragedy</i>, described as probably the most influential single work of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_reputation" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare's reputation">Shakespearean criticism</a> ever published,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "<a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">polyglot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a>" <a href="/wiki/George_Steiner" title="George Steiner">George Steiner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ricks" title="Christopher Ricks">Christopher Ricks</a> who has been acclaimed as the "greatest living critic"<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><big>Philosophy</big></b> </p><p>Notable Balliol philosophers include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, a pioneer in the thinking of <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economy</a> and key figure of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Scottish Enlightenment</a>, regarded as "The Father of Economics" or "The Father of Capitalism"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._H._Green" title="T. H. Green">T. H. Green</a>, whose teaching is considered the most potent philosophical influence in England during the last quarter of the 19th century, cited by many <a href="/wiki/Social_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Social liberal">social liberal</a> politicians, often Balliol alumni, such as <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></li></ul> <p>Like most philosophy faculties in the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>, contemporary thought at Balliol is firmly grounded in the so-called <a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">analytic</a> tradition: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Austin" title="J. L. Austin">J. L. Austin</a>, a leading proponent of ordinary language philosophy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Charles Taylor</a>, the first president of the Oxford <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Williams" title="Bernard Williams">Bernard Williams</a>, moral theorist described as an "<a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">analytical philosopher</a> with the soul of a general <a href="/wiki/Humanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanist">humanist</a>", who <a href="/wiki/Martin_Hollis_(philosopher)" title="Martin Hollis (philosopher)">Martin Hollis</a> said had "a good claim to be the leading British philosopher of his day"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Parfit" title="Derek Parfit">Derek Parfit</a>, widely considered one of the most important and influential moral philosophers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, whose first book, <i><a href="/wiki/Reasons_and_Persons" title="Reasons and Persons">Reasons and Persons</a></i> has been described as the most significant work of moral philosophy since the 1800s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Barnes" title="Jonathan Barnes">Jonathan Barnes</a>, Professor of Ancient Philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford</a> from 1989 to 1994, who revised the Oxford Aristotle, universally recognized as the standard English version, in light of modern scholarship</li></ul> <p>Other notable contemporary philosophers include <a href="/wiki/J._R._Lucas" class="mw-redirect" title="J. R. Lucas">J. R. Lucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._M._Hare" title="R. M. Hare">R. M. Hare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandel" title="Michael Sandel">Michael Sandel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Raz" title="Joseph Raz">Joseph Raz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Geach" title="Peter Geach">Peter Geach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Otsuka" title="Michael Otsuka">Michael Otsuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Rosen" title="Michael E. Rosen">Michael E. Rosen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Williamson" title="Timothy Williamson">Timothy Williamson</a>. </p><p><b><big>Sport</big></b> </p><p>Balliol has also contributed to the sporting world; <a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_Ali_Khan_Pataudi" title="Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi">I. A. K. Pataudi</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Mansoor_Ali_Khan_Pataudi" title="Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi">Tiger Pataudi</a>, both <a href="/wiki/India_national_cricket_team" title="India national cricket team">India</a> cricket captains and the 8th and 9th <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Pataudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawab of Pataudi">Nawabs of Pataudi</a> respectively, were both Balliol graduates who played for the university. US Olympian rower <a href="/wiki/Caryn_Davies" title="Caryn Davies">Caryn Davies</a> received her MBA at Balliol. </p><p><b><big>Other</big></b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Copson" title="Andrew Copson">Andrew Copson</a>, Chief Executive of <a href="/wiki/Humanists_UK" title="Humanists UK">Humanists UK</a> and President of the <a href="/wiki/International_Humanist_and_Ethical_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Humanist and Ethical Union">International Humanist and Ethical Union</a> graduated in 2004. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Howard_Marks" title="Howard Marks">Howard Marks</a>, a convicted drug dealer and later author, attended Balliol between 1964 and 1967 to study physics and then again between 1968 and 1969 to study History and Philosophy of Science. <a href="/wiki/Ghislaine_Maxwell" title="Ghislaine Maxwell">Ghislaine Maxwell</a>, the British socialite who was convicted of sex trafficking of children for <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein" title="Jeffrey Epstein">Jeffrey Epstein</a> in 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-conviction1_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conviction1-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> graduated from Balliol<sup id="cite_ref-Haines_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haines-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-:33_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first transgender hereditary peer, <a href="/wiki/Matilda_Simon,_3rd_Baroness_Simon_of_Wythenshawe" title="Matilda Simon, 3rd Baroness Simon of Wythenshawe">Matilda Simon, 3rd Baroness Simon of Wythenshawe</a>, graduated from Balliol with a bachelor's degree and a doctor of philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first person documented to brew coffee in England, Nathaniel Canopius, was a Cretan student at Balliol from 1637 to 1648.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Karma_Phuntsho" title="Karma Phuntsho">Karma Phuntsho</a>, who finished his doctor of philosophy degree in 2003, became the first Bhutanese to receive the <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a> which is widely acclaimed as Asia's <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><big>Chancellors of the University of Oxford</big></b> </p><p>Balliol members have predominated as holders of the office of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chancellors of the University of Oxford">Chancellor</a> of the university from the 20th century to the present; </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Nathaniel_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="George Nathaniel Curzon">George Nathaniel Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Chris Patten</a></li></ul> <p>The last two being opposed in their election by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Bingham_of_Cornhill" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Bingham of Cornhill">Lord Bingham of Cornhill</a> respectively. Members of the college have been elected to masterships not only at Balliol but also at other colleges, and include the current Master of <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College, Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Stapleton" title="Jane Stapleton">Jane Stapleton</a>, a former fellow of Balliol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/History/collegearms.asp">"Balliol Archives - College Arms"</a>. <i>Ox.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Balliol+Archives+-+College+Arms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2FHistory%2Fcollegearms.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-numbers-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-numbers_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-numbers_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715231221/https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/facts-and-figures/student-numbers">"Student numbers"</a>. University of Oxford. 1 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/facts-and-figures/student-numbers">the original</a> on 15 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+numbers&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ox.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Ffacts-and-figures%2Fstudent-numbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-balliol2223-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-balliol2223_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts2223/Balliol.pdf">"Balliol College : Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 July 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Balliol College. p. 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Balliol College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Balliol&rft.pub=Balliol+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fabout-balliol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckett2017" class="citation news cs1">Beckett, Andy (23 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/feb/23/ppe-oxford-university-degree-that-rules-britain">"PPE: the Oxford degree that runs Britain"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=PPE%3A+the+Oxford+degree+that+runs+Britain&rft.date=2017-02-23&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2017%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fppe-oxford-university-degree-that-rules-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/balliol_case_for_support_april_2010_med-res.pdf">"Balliol College: The 750th Anniversary and Beyond"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Balliol+College%3A+The+750th+Anniversary+and+Beyond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fballiol_case_for_support_april_2010_med-res.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/award-winners">"Award winners | University of Oxford"</a>. <i>www.ox.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Award+winners+%26%23124%3B+University+of+Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ox.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Foxford-people%2Faward-winners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/about-balliol/history">"History"</a>. <i>Balliol College, University of Oxford</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 64–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199243563" title="Special:BookSources/9780199243563"><bdi>9780199243563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Oxford%3A+A+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=64-66&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780199243563&rft.aulast=Brockliss&rft.aufirst=L.+W.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiMDmCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041206190450/http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/official/staff/senmem/index.asp">"Balliol Website (Archived)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/official/staff/senmem/index.asp">the original</a> on 6 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Balliol+Website+%28Archived%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fofficial%2Fstaff%2Fsenmem%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statute II "The Master", clause 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/news/2011/march/election-of-new-master">"Election of New Master"</a>. <i>News Page</i>. Balliol College, Oxford. 18 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Page&rft.atitle=Election+of+New+Master&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F2011%2Fmarch%2Felection-of-new-master&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/AnnualAdmissionsStatisticalReport2024.pdf#page=21">"Annual Admissions Statistical Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balliol.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Balliol+Women%3A+Some+Alumnae+of+the+College+%7C+Balliol+College%2C+University+of+Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fabout-balliol%2Fremarkable-alumni%2Fballiol-women-some-alumnae-of-the-college&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/news/2010/december/women-at-balliol-sundial-unveiled">"Women at Balliol sundial unveiled - Balliol College, University of Oxford"</a>. <i>Balliol.ox.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balliol.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Women+at+Balliol+sundial+unveiled+-+Balliol+College%2C+University+of+Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F2010%2Fdecember%2Fwomen-at-balliol-sundial-unveiled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/news/2012/november/portrait-unveiled-in-hall">"Portrait unveiled in Hall - Balliol College, University of Oxford"</a>. <i>Balliol.ox.ac.uk</i>. 26 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balliol.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Portrait+unveiled+in+Hall+-+Balliol+College%2C+University+of+Oxford&rft.date=2012-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F2012%2Fnovember%2Fportrait-unveiled-in-hall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/events/2019/june/19/unveiling-of-portrait-of-professor-frances-kirwan-in-hall">"Unveiling of portrait of Professor Frances Kirwan in Hall"</a>. <i>Balliol College News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balliol+College+News&rft.atitle=Unveiling+of+portrait+of+Professor+Frances+Kirwan+in+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fevents%2F2019%2Fjune%2F19%2Funveiling-of-portrait-of-professor-frances-kirwan-in-hall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeech2017" class="citation web cs1">Leech, Emma (30 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cherwell.org/2017/03/30/oxford-university-announces-new-diverse-portraits/">"Oxford University announces new diverse portraits"</a>. <i>Cherwell</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford: Clarendon. p. 401.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Manuscripts+of+Balliol+College+Oxford&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=401&rft.pub=Clarendon&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Mynors&rft.aufirst=RAB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2FAncient%2520MSS%2Fancientmsslist.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Library_History-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Library_History_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Library_History_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/about-balliol/library-history">"Library History"</a>. Balliol College, Oxford. 10 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Library+History&rft.pub=Balliol+College%2C+Oxford&rft.date=2010-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fabout-balliol%2Flibrary-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/Past%20members/trace.asp">"Balliol Archives - tracing a Balliol man"</a>. Balliol College, Oxford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Balliol+Archives+-+tracing+a+Balliol+man&rft.pub=Balliol+College%2C+Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2FPast%2520members%2Ftrace.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArchitectWeekly-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ArchitectWeekly_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArchitectWeekly_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wgQV3SmmwMsC&pg=PA247"><i>The Architect: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Art, Civil Engineering and Building</i></a>. Vol. 18. Gilbert Wood & Company, Limited. 1877. p. 247.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Architect%3A+A+Weekly+Illustrated+Journal+of+Art%2C+Civil+Engineering+and+Building&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Gilbert+Wood+%26+Company%2C+Limited&rft.date=1877&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwgQV3SmmwMsC%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/Modern%20Papers/pugin.asp">"Drawings of Balliol by Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812-1852)"</a>. <i>Balliol College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balliol+College&rft.atitle=Drawings+of+Balliol+by+Augustus+Welby+Northmore+Pugin+%281812-1852%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2FModern%2520Papers%2Fpugin.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/Modern%20Papers/Jowett/jowett-index1.asp">"Jowett Papers - Biographical Index"</a>. <i>Balliol College</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balliol+College&rft.atitle=Jowett+Papers+-+Biographical+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2FModern%2520Papers%2FJowett%2Fjowett-index1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/balliol-library/library-history">"Library History"</a>. <i>Balliol College</i>. 10 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balliol+College&rft.atitle=Library+History&rft.date=2010-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fballiol-library%2Flibrary-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/news/2018/april/holywell-manor-festival-2018">"Holywell Manor Festival 2018 - Balliol College, University of Oxford"</a>. <i>Balliol.ox.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balliol.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Holywell+Manor+Festival+2018+-+Balliol+College%2C+University+of+Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fapril%2Fholywell-manor-festival-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/facts-and-figures/student-numbers?wssl=1">"Students by college/permanent private hall"</a>. Ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090827004720/http://www.mjparchitects.co.uk/Jowett_Walk.php">"Jowett Walk project description"</a>. MJP Architects. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mjparchitects.co.uk/Jowett_Walk.php">the original</a> on 27 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jowett+Walk+project+description&rft.pub=MJP+Architects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mjparchitects.co.uk%2FJowett_Walk.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1369450" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1369450?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St Cross (1369450)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Cross+%281369450%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1369450%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Hely-Hutchinson, <i>Carol Symphony: the life and times of Victor Hely-Hutchinson</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicforthemillions.co.za/04-interlude.pdf">pp. 39-40</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044105/http://www.musicforthemillions.co.za/04-interlude.pdf">Archived</a> 5 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkinsWard-Perkins1989–1990" class="citation journal cs1">Hopkins, Clare; Ward-Perkins, Bryan (1989–1990). "The Trinity/Balliol Feud". <i>Trinity College Oxford Report</i>: 45–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trinity+College+Oxford+Report&rft.atitle=The+Trinity%2FBalliol+Feud&rft.pages=45-66&rft.date=1989%2F1990&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft.au=Ward-Perkins%2C+Bryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2023" class="citation web cs1">Field, Becca (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/university-rivalry-sees-king-henry-26575504">"University rivalry sees King Henry VIII's statue decorated with feather duster"</a>. <i>Cambridgeshire Live</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridgeshire+Live&rft.atitle=University+rivalry+sees+King+Henry+VIII%27s+statue+decorated+with+feather+duster&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Becca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge-news.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fcambridge-news%2Funiversity-rivalry-sees-king-henry-26575504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hopkins and Ward-Perkins, "Trinity/Balliol Feud", p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the Gordouli, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1969" class="citation journal cs1">Knight, G. Norman (1969). "The Quest for Gordouli". <i>Balliol College Record</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balliol+College+Record&rft.atitle=The+Quest+for+Gordouli&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=G.+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span>; reprinted in <i>Trinity College Oxford Report</i>, 1984–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Gordoulis" was a popular brand of Egyptian cigarette. As "Gordouli", it became a nickname applied by Balliol men to a Trinity undergraduate, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Galletti" title="Arthur Galletti">Arthur Galletti</a>. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson_(civil_servant)" title="Robert Johnson (civil servant)">Bobby Johnson</a>, later Deputy Master and Controller of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a>, was an undergraduate at <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College</a>. See Knight, "Quest for Gordouli".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knight, "Quest for Gordouli".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaraniuk2010" class="citation book cs1">Baraniuk, Chris, ed. (December 2010). <i>The Oxford University Alternative Prospectus</i>. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+University+Alternative+Prospectus&rft.pages=34&rft.date=2010-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hopkins and Ward-Perkins, "Trinity/Balliol Feud", pp. 54–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayers1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayers" title="Dorothy L. Sayers">Sayers, Dorothy L.</a> (1968) [1931]. <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Red_Herrings" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Red Herrings">Five Red Herrings</a></i>. London: New English Library. p. 157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Five+Red+Herrings&rft.place=London&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=New+English+Library&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span> Wimsey's Biblical quotation is from John 4: 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayers1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayers" title="Dorothy L. Sayers">Sayers, Dorothy L.</a> (1969) [1933]. <i><a href="/wiki/Murder_Must_Advertise" title="Murder Must Advertise">Murder Must Advertise</a></i>. London: New English Library. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murder+Must+Advertise&rft.place=London&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=New+English+Library&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hopkins and Ward-Perkins, "Trinity/Balliol Feud", p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegrove2010" class="citation web cs1">Segrove, Natalya (25 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cherwell.org/news/2010/02/25/trinity-fish-murdered">"Trinity fish murdered"</a>. <i>Cherwell.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cherwell.org&rft.atitle=Trinity+fish+murdered&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.aulast=Segrove&rft.aufirst=Natalya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cherwell.org%2Fnews%2F2010%2F02%2F25%2Ftrinity-fish-murdered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Balliol rhymes" by Walter George Hiscock</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Near-complete lists of Fellows and students can be found in the published <i>Balliol College Register</i>; the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balliolcollegere01balluoft">1st edition</a> (1914, covering matriculations 1832–1914), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/balliolarchivist/sets/72157625215890252/">2nd edition</a> (1934, covering matriculations 1833–1933) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/balliolarchivist/sets/72157625267353054/">3rd edition</a> (1953, covering matriculations 1900–1950).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Nobel Prize Facts". <i>Nobel Prize</i>. 2022-04-12 [2009-10-05]. Archived from the original on 2017-01-11. Retrieved 2022-04-13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emma Brown (6 April 2011). "Nobelist Baruch Blumberg, who discovered hepatitis B, dies at 85". <i>The Washington Post</i>. Associated Press. Retrieved 7 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones 2005, pp. 148–149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2021" class="citation news cs1">Menon, Suresh (5 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/richard-dawkins-on-collegemate-tiger-pataudi-sublime/article33504006.ece">"Richard Dawkins on collegemate Tiger Pataudi: 'Sublime'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i> – via www.thehindu.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Richard+Dawkins+on+collegemate+Tiger+Pataudi%3A+%27Sublime%27&rft.date=2021-01-05&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Suresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Frichard-dawkins-on-collegemate-tiger-pataudi-sublime%2Farticle33504006.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhadem" class="citation book cs1">Khadem, Riaz. <i>Shoghi Effendi in Oxford</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shoghi+Effendi+in+Oxford&rft.aulast=Khadem&rft.aufirst=Riaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> (2004). <i>The Best Poems of the English Language: From Chaucer through Robert Frost</i>. HarperCollins. pp. 656–657. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054042-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-054042-5">978-0-06-054042-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/Modern%20Papers/Browning/browning01.asp#gsc.tab=0">"Balliol Archives - Browning Papers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Balliol+Archives+-+Browning+Papers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.balliol.ox.ac.uk%2FModern%2520Papers%2FBrowning%2Fbrowning01.asp%23gsc.tab%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balliolarchivist.wordpress.com/2014/08/13/exhibition-archive-robert-browning/">"Browning at Balliol: A Bicentenary Exhibition"</a>. 13 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Browning+at+Balliol%3A+A+Bicentenary+Exhibition&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballiolarchivist.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F08%2F13%2Fexhibition-archive-robert-browning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ciabattari, Jane (7 December 2015). "The 100 greatest British novels". BBC. Retrieved 8 December 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gauntlett, Mark. "The Perishable Body of the Unpoetic: A. C. Bradley Performs Othello." <i>Shakespeare Survey Volume 47: Playing Places for Shakespeare.</i> Ed. <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Wells" title="Stanley Wells">Stanley Wells</a>. Cambridge University Press, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Jaggi" title="Maya Jaggi">Jaggi, Maya</a> (17 March 2001). "George and his dragons". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. Retrieved 27 March 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Carey in conversation with Clive James Archived 19 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conviction1-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conviction1_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaysNeumeister2021" class="citation news cs1">Hays, Tom; Neumeister, Larry (29 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ghislaine-maxwell-alison-j-nathan-new-york-city-new-york-63a71a2825eab41184a79e37bb967e90">"Ghislaine Maxwell convicted in Epstein sex abuse case"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Ghislaine+Maxwell+convicted+in+Epstein+sex+abuse+case&rft.date=2021-12-29&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Neumeister%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fghislaine-maxwell-alison-j-nathan-new-york-city-new-york-63a71a2825eab41184a79e37bb967e90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haines-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haines_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaines1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Haines_(journalist)" title="Joe Haines (journalist)">Haines, Joe</a> (1988). <i>Maxwell</i>. London: Futura. pp. 434 et seq. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7088-4303-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7088-4303-4"><bdi>0-7088-4303-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maxwell&rft.place=London&rft.pages=434+et+seq&rft.pub=Futura&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-7088-4303-4&rft.aulast=Haines&rft.aufirst=Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:33-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:33_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFfrench2021" class="citation web cs1">Ffrench, Andrew (3 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18624525.jeffrey-epstein-ghislaine-maxwell-oxford-united-director/">"Before meeting paedophile Jeffrey Epstein, Ghislaine Maxwell was an Oxford United director"</a>. <i>Oxford Mail</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022211/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/18624525.jeffrey-epstein-ghislaine-maxwell-oxford-united-director/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Mail&rft.atitle=Before+meeting+paedophile+Jeffrey+Epstein%2C+Ghislaine+Maxwell+was+an+Oxford+United+director&rft.date=2021-08-03&rft.aulast=Ffrench&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmail.co.uk%2Fnews%2F18624525.jeffrey-epstein-ghislaine-maxwell-oxford-united-director%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomerville2023" class="citation news cs1">Somerville, Ewan (13 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/05/13/daughters-shunned-from-peerage-angry-as-trans-tory-allowed/">"Daughters excluded from peerage due to gender outraged by trans woman standing for Lords seat"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Daughters+excluded+from+peerage+due+to+gender+outraged+by+trans+woman+standing+for+Lords+seat&rft.date=2023-05-13&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Somerville&rft.aufirst=Ewan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2023%2F05%2F13%2Fdaughters-shunned-from-peerage-angry-as-trans-tory-allowed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoran1999" class="citation book cs1">Horan, David (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wR8nb-LYHBMC&q=oxford+coffee+nathaniel&pg=PA67"><i>Oxford: A Cultural and Literary Companion</i></a>. Signal Books. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902669-05-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902669-05-2"><bdi>978-1-902669-05-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford%3A+A+Cultural+and+Literary+Companion&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Signal+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-902669-05-2&rft.aulast=Horan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwR8nb-LYHBMC%26q%3Doxford%2Bcoffee%2Bnathaniel%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamsang2024" class="citation news cs1">Lamsang, Tenzing (7 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebhutanese.bt/from-being-bullied-in-school-to-winning-the-ramon-magsaysay-award/">"From being bullied in school to winning the Ramon Magsaysay Award"</a>. <i>The Bhutanese</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bhutanese&rft.atitle=From+being+bullied+in+school+to+winning+the+Ramon+Magsaysay+Award&rft.date=2024-09-07&rft.aulast=Lamsang&rft.aufirst=Tenzing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebhutanese.bt%2Ffrom-being-bullied-in-school-to-winning-the-ramon-magsaysay-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1899" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._W._C._Davis" title="H. W. C. Davis">Davis, Henry</a> (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balliolcollege00daviuoft"><i>Balliol College</i></a> (1st ed.). London: F.E. Robinson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balliol+College&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=F.E.+Robinson&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fballiolcollege00daviuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2005" class="citation book cs1">Jones, John (2005). <i>Balliol College: a history</i> (2nd, revised ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199201815" title="Special:BookSources/9780199201815"><bdi>9780199201815</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balliol+College%3A+a+history&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd%2C+revised&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780199201815&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalliol+College%2C+Oxford" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College,_Oxford&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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text" href="http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/oxfordtour/balliolcollege/front.htm">A virtual tour of Balliol College (360° photographs)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100111031348/http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/oxfordtour/balliolcollege/front.htm">Archived</a> 11 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820155939/https://www.zoomo.ca/image/iN93">Balliol College Dining Hall (zoomable image)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.balliol.ox.ac.uk/">Balliol College History & Archives</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Balliol_College,_Oxford&params=51.754849_N_1.258208_W_region:GB_scale:100000">Map sources</a></span> for 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href="/wiki/Irene_Tracey" title="Irene Tracey">Irene Tracey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registrar_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Registrar of the University of Oxford">Registrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_houses_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="List of heads of houses of the University of Oxford">Heads of houses</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A shield displaying a coat of arms; on a dark blue background, an open book displays the words "Dominus illuminatio mea", with two gold crowns above and one below" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2338" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Colleges of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Colleges</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls_College,_Oxford" title="All Souls College, Oxford">All Souls</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balliol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasenose_College,_Oxford" title="Brasenose College, Oxford">Brasenose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Templeton_College,_Oxford" title="Green Templeton College, Oxford">Green Templeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Manchester_College,_Oxford" title="Harris Manchester College, Oxford">Harris Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford_College,_Oxford" title="Hertford College, Oxford">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford" title="Jesus College, Oxford">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keble_College,_Oxford" title="Keble College, Oxford">Keble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg_College,_Oxford" title="Kellogg College, Oxford">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Hall,_Oxford" title="Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford">Lady Margaret Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linacre_College,_Oxford" title="Linacre College, Oxford">Linacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_College,_Oxford" title="Lincoln College, Oxford">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_College,_Oxford" title="Mansfield College, Oxford">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_College,_Oxford" title="Nuffield College, Oxford">Nuffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriel_College,_Oxford" title="Oriel College, Oxford">Oriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford" title="Pembroke College, Oxford">Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" title="The Queen's College, Oxford">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_College,_Oxford" title="Reuben College, Oxford">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Anne's College, Oxford">St Anne's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Antony%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Antony's College, Oxford">St Antony's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Catherine's College, Oxford">St Catherine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cross_College,_Oxford" title="St Cross College, Oxford">St Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund_Hall,_Oxford" title="St Edmund Hall, Oxford">St Edmund Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Hilda%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hilda's College, Oxford">St Hilda's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Hugh%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hugh's College, Oxford">St Hugh's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St John's College, Oxford">St John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Peter's College, Oxford">St Peter's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford" title="Trinity College, Oxford">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College,_Oxford" title="University College, Oxford">University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford" title="Wadham College, Oxford">Wadham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfson_College,_Oxford" title="Wolfson College, Oxford">Wolfson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_College,_Oxford" title="Worcester College, Oxford">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Permanent_private_hall" title="Permanent private hall"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Permanent private halls</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Hall" title="Blackfriars Hall">Blackfriars Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campion_Hall,_Oxford" title="Campion Hall, Oxford">Campion Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park_College,_Oxford" title="Regent's Park College, Oxford">Regent's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycliffe_Hall,_Oxford" title="Wycliffe Hall, Oxford">Wycliffe Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Divisions and departments</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Humanities_Division" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Humanities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Asian_and_Middle_Eastern_Studies" title="Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies">Asian and Middle Eastern Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothermere_American_Institute" title="Rothermere American Institute">American Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruskin_School_of_Art" title="Ruskin School of Art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Classics,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford">Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_History,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of History, University of Oxford">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Linguistics,_Philology_%26_Phonetics,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Linguistics, Philology & Phonetics, University of Oxford">Linguistics, Philology & Phonetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Medieval_and_Modern_Languages,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages, University of Oxford">Medieval and Modern Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Music,_University_of_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Music, University of Oxford">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Philosophy,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Theology_and_Religion,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford">Theology and Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Medical_Sciences_Division" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Medical Sciences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Biochemistry,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Centre_for_Human_Genetics" title="Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics">Human Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Medical_School" title="Oxford University Medical School">Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Dunn_School_of_Pathology" title="Sir William Dunn School of Pathology">Pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Department_of_Population_Health" title="Nuffield Department of Population Health">Population Health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Mathematical,_Physical_and_Life_Sciences_Division_(MPLS)" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Mathematical, Physical<br />and Life Sciences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Biology,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Biology, University of Oxford">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Chemistry,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Computer_Science,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford">Computer Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Earth_Sciences,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford">Earth Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Engineering_Science,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford">Engineering Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Materials,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Materials, University of Oxford">Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Institute,_University_of_Oxford" title="Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford">Mathematical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Physics,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Physics, University of Oxford">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Social_Sciences_Division" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Social Sciences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Archaeology,_University_of_Oxford" title="School of Archaeology, University of Oxford">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%AFd_Business_School" title="Saïd Business School">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford_Department_for_Continuing_Education" title="University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education">Continuing Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Economics,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Economics, University of Oxford">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blavatnik_School_of_Government" title="Blavatnik School of Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Department_of_International_Development" title="Oxford Department of International Development">International Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Law, University of Oxford">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Politics_and_International_Relations,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford">Politics & International Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Policy_and_Intervention" title="Department of Social Policy and Intervention">Social Policy and Intervention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Gardens,_Libraries_and_Museums" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Gardens, Libraries<br />& Museums</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Libraries" title="Bodleian Libraries">Bodleian Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford_Botanic_Garden" title="University of Oxford Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_Museum,_Oxford" title="History of Science Museum, Oxford">History of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Oxford University Museum of Natural History">Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Institutes and affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begbroke_Science_Park" title="Begbroke Science Park">Begbroke Science Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Data_Institute" title="Big Data Institute">Big Data Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ineos_Oxford_Institute_for_AMR_Research" title="Ineos Oxford Institute for AMR Research">Ineos Oxford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenner_Institute" title="Jenner Institute">Jenner Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Internet_Institute" title="Oxford Internet Institute">Internet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford-Man_Institute_of_Quantitative_Finance" title="Oxford-Man Institute of Quantitative Finance">Oxford-Man Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Martin_School" title="Oxford Martin School">Martin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Innovation" title="Oxford University Innovation">Oxford University Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_College_Cuddesdon" title="Ripon College Cuddesdon">Ripon College Cuddesdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_School_of_Enterprise_and_the_Environment" title="Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment">Smith School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognised_independent_centre" title="Recognised independent centre"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Recognised independent<br />centres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Buddhist_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies">Buddhist Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Institute_for_Energy_Studies" title="Oxford Institute for Energy Studies">Energy Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Hebrew_and_Jewish_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies">Hebrew and Jewish Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Hindu_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies">Hindu Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Islamic_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies">Islamic Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Australian_Rules_Football_Club" title="Oxford University Australian Rules Football Club">Australian rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Amateur_Boxing_Club" title="Oxford University Amateur Boxing Club">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Cricket_Club" title="Oxford University Cricket Club">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Cycling_Club" title="Oxford University Cycling Club">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Dancesport_Club" title="Oxford University Dancesport Club">Dancesport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_A.F.C." title="Oxford University A.F.C.">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_W.A.F.C." title="Oxford University W.A.F.C.">Women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Handball_Club" title="Oxford University Handball Club">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Ice_Hockey_Club" title="Oxford University Ice Hockey Club">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Mountaineering_Club" title="Oxford University Mountaineering Club">Mountaineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Quidditch_Club" title="Oxford University Quidditch Club">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Polo_Club" title="Oxford University Polo Club">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Rowing_Clubs" title="Oxford University Rowing Clubs">Rowing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Boat_Club" title="Oxford University Boat Club">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Women%27s_Boat_Club" title="Oxford University Women's Boat Club">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Lightweight_Rowing_Club" title="Oxford University Lightweight Rowing Club">Men's Lightweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Women%27s_Lightweight_Rowing_Club" title="Oxford University Women's Lightweight Rowing Club">Women's Lightweight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_RFC" title="Oxford University RFC">Rugby</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Competitions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuppers" title="Cuppers">Cuppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boat_Race" title="The Boat Race">The Boat Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Boat_Race" title="Women's Boat Race">Women's Boat Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_Boat_Races" title="Henley Boat Races">Henley Boat Races</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Varsity_Polo_Match" title="The Varsity Polo Match">Polo Varsity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_Varsity_Match" title="Rugby League Varsity Match">Rugby League Varsity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Varsity_Match" title="The Varsity Match">Rugby Union Varsity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_Match_(cricket)" title="The University Match (cricket)">University Cricket Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Golf_Match" title="University Golf Match">University Golf Match</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Venues <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullingdon_Green" title="Bullingdon Green">Bullingdon Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Ground" title="Christ Church Ground">Christ Church Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Ground" title="Magdalen Ground">Magdalen Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College_Ground" title="New College Ground">New College Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bannister_running_track" title="Roger Bannister running track">Roger Bannister running track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Parks" title="University Parks">University Parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherwell_(newspaper)" title="Cherwell (newspaper)"><i>Cherwell</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mays" title="The Mays">The Mays</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Union" title="Oxford Union">Oxford Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Student_Union" title="Oxford University Student Union">Student Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Oxford_people" title="List of University of Oxford people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_Oxford_colleges" title="List of fictional Oxford colleges">fictional colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_University_of_Oxford_people" title="List of fictional University of Oxford people">fictional people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_women_admitted_to_degrees_at_the_University_of_Oxford" title="First women admitted to degrees at the University of Oxford">First women graduates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Education_of_Women" title="Association for the Education of Women">Association for the Education of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegacy_for_Women_Students" title="Delegacy for Women Students">Delegacy for Women Students</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Magazine" title="The Oxford Magazine">The Oxford Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Gazette" title="Oxford University Gazette">Oxford University Gazette</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#002147; color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Oxford" title="Category:University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:University_of_Oxford" title="Portal:University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122710773">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134825322">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/803138-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83231030">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125314515">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125314515">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35265218">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Balliol College (University of Oxford)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20081008017&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90218615">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9813270266005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/45397">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007513155105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01732037?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030490561">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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