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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Doze_ionizirajućeg_zračenja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doze_ionizirajućeg_zračenja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Doze ionizirajućeg zračenja</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Doze_ionizirajućeg_zračenja-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Doze ionizirajućeg zračenja</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Doze_ionizirajućeg_zračenja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brzina_apsorbirane_doze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brzina_apsorbirane_doze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Brzina apsorbirane doze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brzina_apsorbirane_doze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekspozicija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekspozicija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ekspozicija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekspozicija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dozimetrija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dozimetrija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dozimetrija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dozimetrija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Dozimetrija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dozimetrija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dozimetar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dozimetar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dozimetar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dozimetar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apsorbirana doza</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 33 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="جرعة الطاقة الممتصة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جرعة الطاقة الممتصة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Паглынутая доза – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паглынутая доза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsorbirana_doza" title="Apsorbirana doza – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Apsorbirana doza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosi_absorbida" title="Dosi absorbida – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dosi absorbida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbovan%C3%A1_d%C3%A1vka" title="Absorbovaná dávka – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Absorbovaná dávka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energiedosis" title="Energiedosis – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Energiedosis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dose" title="Absorbed dose – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Absorbed dose" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbita_dozo" title="Sorbita dozo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sorbita dozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosis_absorbida" title="Dosis absorbida – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dosis absorbida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeldumisdoos" title="Neeldumisdoos – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neeldumisdoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AC%D8%B0%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="دوز جذبی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوز جذبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorboitunut_annos" title="Absorboitunut annos – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Absorboitunut annos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_absorb%C3%A9e" title="Dose absorbée – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dose absorbée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geislaskammtur" title="Geislaskammtur – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Geislaskammtur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_assorbita" title="Dose assorbita – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dose assorbita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E5%8F%8E%E7%B7%9A%E9%87%8F" title="吸収線量 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="吸収線量" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%A1%EC%88%98%EC%84%A0%EB%9F%89" title="흡수선량 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흡수선량" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Впиена доза – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Впиена доза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geabsorbeerde_dosis" title="Geabsorbeerde dosis – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geabsorbeerde dosis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbert_dose" title="Absorbert dose – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Absorbert dose" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbert_dose" title="Absorbert dose – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Absorbert dose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawka_poch%C5%82oni%C4%99ta" title="Dawka pochłonięta – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dawka pochłonięta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_absorvida" title="Dose absorvida – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dose absorvida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Поглощённая доза – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поглощённая доза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsorbirana_doza" title="Apsorbirana doza – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Apsorbirana doza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbovan%C3%A1_d%C3%A1vka" title="Absorbovaná dávka – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Absorbovaná dávka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbirana_doza" title="Absorbirana doza – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Absorbirana doza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsorbovana_doza" title="Apsorbovana doza – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Apsorbovana doza" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorberad_dos" title="Absorberad dos – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Absorberad dos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="கதிர் ஏற்பளவு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கதிர் ஏற்பளவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radyasyon_dozu" title="Radyasyon dozu – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Radyasyon dozu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Поглинена доза – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поглинена доза" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Radioactive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/250px-Radioactive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/375px-Radioactive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/500px-Radioactive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>Znak za opasnost od <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivnosti</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rd1503.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rd1503.jpg/250px-Rd1503.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rd1503.jpg/375px-Rd1503.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rd1503.jpg/500px-Rd1503.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Primjer modernog osobnog <a href="/wiki/Dozimetar" title="Dozimetar">dozimetra</a> (Radex RD1503).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Direct-reading_dosimeter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Direct-reading_dosimeter.jpg/250px-Direct-reading_dosimeter.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Direct-reading_dosimeter.jpg/375px-Direct-reading_dosimeter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Direct-reading_dosimeter.jpg/500px-Direct-reading_dosimeter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2804" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Penkala <a href="/wiki/Dozimetar" title="Dozimetar">dozimetar</a> za direktno očitavanje.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Apsorbirana doza</b> (oznaka <i>D</i>) je dozimetrijska veličina koja opisuje povećanje unutrašnje energije (fizičke i kemijske učinke) u tvari izloženoj ionizacijskom zračenju. Apsorbirana doza je količnik energije pohranjene (apsorbirane) ozračenjem i mase ozračene tvari (apsorbera). Mjerna je jedinica apsorbirane doze <a href="/wiki/Grej" title="Grej">grej</a> (Gy).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apsorbirana doza ili punim nazivom <b>apsorbirana doza ionizirajućeg zračenja</b> (skraćeno doza; <i>D</i>) je količina <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energije</a> <a href="/wiki/Ioniziraju%C4%87e_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ionizirajuće zračenje">ionizirajućeg zračenja</a> koju apsorbira <a href="/wiki/Kemijska_tvar" title="Kemijska tvar">kemijska tvar</a> na koju zračenje djeluje. Apsorbirana doza se mjeri u Gy (<a href="/wiki/Grej" title="Grej">grej</a>; Gy = <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEul" title="Džul">J</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a>). Jedan <a href="/wiki/Grej" title="Grej">grej</a> (Gy) predstavlja 1 J (<a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEul" title="Džul">džul</a>) energije koju je ionizirajuće zračenje predalo 1 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogramu</a> (kg) tvari. Učinci ovise ponajviše o apsorbiranoj energiji i osobinama tvari koja je energiju apsorbirala.<sup id="cite_ref-personal.unizd.hr_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personal.unizd.hr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radi poznavanja povijesti i proučavanja povijesnih knjiga valja navesti da je prije uvođenja <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_sustav_mjernih_jedinica" title="Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica">SI jedinica</a>, jedinica za apsorbiranu dozu bila <a href="/wiki/Rad_(jedinica)" title="Rad (jedinica)">rad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engl</a>. <i>Radiation Absorbed Dose</i>). Pri tome 1 Gy =100 rad. Dakle rad je 100 puta manja jedinica od Gy. Apsorbirana doza se može mjeriti na više načina, no u praksi se ne mjeri, nego se informacija o apsorbiranoj dozi dobiva poznavanjem ili određivanjem <a href="/wiki/Ekspozicija_(razdvojba)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ekspozicija (razdvojba)">ekspozicije</a>. </p><p>Kada se liječi <a href="/wiki/Rak_(bolest)" title="Rak (bolest)">rak</a> s ionizirajućim zračenjem, <a href="/wiki/Lije%C4%8Dnik" title="Liječnik">liječnik</a> će obično propisati radioterapiju u grejima (Gy). Ako govorimo o opasnosti ili riziku od ionizirajućeg zračenja, onda govorimo o <a href="/wiki/Ekvivalentna_doza" title="Ekvivalentna doza">ekvivalentnoj dozi</a>, a SI izvedena mjerna jedinica je <a href="/wiki/Sivert" title="Sivert">sivert</a> (Sv). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doze_ionizirajućeg_zračenja"><span id="Doze_ioniziraju.C4.87eg_zra.C4.8Denja"></span>Doze ionizirajućeg zračenja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Doze ionizirajućeg zračenja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Doze ionizirajućeg zračenja"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Doze ionizirajućeg zračenja označavaju količinu predane energije ionizacijskog zračenja određenoj <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masi</a> tvari. Naime, ionizirajuća zraka prolazeći kroz tvar se sudara s <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomima</a> i predaje im svoju energiju, što za posljedicu ima ionizaciju atoma, odnosno <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brzina_apsorbirane_doze">Brzina apsorbirane doze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Brzina apsorbirane doze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Brzina apsorbirane doze"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brzina apsorbirane doze je količina energije ionizirajućeg zračenja što je upija ili akumulira jedinica materije u jedinici <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vremena</a>. Izražava se u Gy/s (=Jkg<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>). Veličina brzine apsorbirane doze je bitna jer o njoj ovise učinci ionizirajućeg zračenja na živu tvar. Ako dvije jedinke apsorbiraju istu dozu zračenja, ali u različitom vremenu, dakle s različitom <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzinom</a> apsorbirane doze, posljedice će biti različite. Radi ilustracije, brzinu apsorbirane doze možemo usporediti s intoksikacijom <a href="/wiki/Alkoholi" title="Alkoholi">alkoholom</a>. Dakle, veće količine alkohola raspoređene tijekom dugog vremena će <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetra</a> bez većih šteta detoksicirati naprotiv, ista količina alkohola u kratkom vremenu (npr. 2,5 <a href="/wiki/Litra" title="Litra">litre</a> <a href="/wiki/Votka" title="Votka">votke</a>) će biti jako štetna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekspozicija">Ekspozicija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Ekspozicija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ekspozicija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekspozicija je zbroj <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električnih naboja</a> svih <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">iona</a> istog naboja stvorenih u jedinici mase tvari pri prolasku <a href="/wiki/Rendgenske_zrake" title="Rendgenske zrake">rendgenskih</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Gama-%C4%8Destica" title="Gama-čestica">gama zraka</a>. Kratica za ekspoziciju je <i>X</i>, a jedinica za ekspoziciju je C/kg (<a href="/wiki/Kulon" title="Kulon">kulon</a> po kilogram). C/kg je ona količina rendgenskih ili gama zračenja koja će u kg tvari (zraku) stvoriti ione ukupnog naboja od 1 kulon. Jedinica ekspozicije izvan SI sustava je <a href="/wiki/Rendgen" title="Rendgen">rendgen</a> (R); 1C/kg = 3867 R. </p><p><b>Brzina ekspozije</b> je ekspozicija po jedinici vremena i izražava se kao (C/kg)/s = C/(kgs).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dozimetrija">Dozimetrija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Dozimetrija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dozimetrija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Dozimetrija" title="Dozimetrija">Dozimetrija</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Dozimetrija</b> je <a href="/wiki/Mjerenje" title="Mjerenje">mjerenje</a> i računanje <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energije</a> koju <a href="/wiki/Zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zračenje">zračenje</a> predaje <a href="/wiki/Tvar" title="Tvar">tvari</a>, proučavanje utjecaja različitih vrsta <a href="/wiki/Ioniziraju%C4%87e_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ionizirajuće zračenje">ionizirajućega zračenja</a> na tvari, tkiva i organe i mjerenje brzine raspadanja <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivne tvari</a>. Veličine koje opisuju izloženost tvari ionizirajućemu zračenju i učinke (oštećenja) uzrokovane energijom zračenja su na primjer apsorbirana doza, <a href="/wiki/Efektivna_doza" title="Efektivna doza">efektivna doza</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ekvivalentna_doza" title="Ekvivalentna doza">ekvivalentna doza</a>, a brzinu raspadanja radioaktivne tvari opisuje <a href="/wiki/Aktivnost_radioaktivnog_izvora" title="Aktivnost radioaktivnog izvora">aktivnost radioaktivnog izvora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dozimetar">Dozimetar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Dozimetar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dozimetar"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Dozimetar" title="Dozimetar">Dozimetar</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Dozimetar</b> se koristi za <a href="/wiki/Za%C5%A1tita_na_radu" title="Zaštita na radu">zaštitu ljudi</a> koji rade u područjima jakog <a href="/wiki/Ioniziraju%C4%87e_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ionizirajuće zračenje">ionizirajućeg zračenja</a>, prije svega u postrojenjima ili ustanovama gdje se koriste jaki izvori <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivnosti</a>. Dozimetar je naprava koju <a href="/wiki/Radnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Radnik">radnik</a> ima na sebi. On se obično drži na prsima i ne smije se prekriti tkaninom ili ga na bilo koji način "skriti", jer tako smanjujemo količinu zraka koju bi on trebao registrirati. Gdje se kreće čovjek, s njim ide i dozimetar. Dozimetar ima svojstvo da registrira ukupno ozračenje, odnosno apsorbiranu dozu <a href="/wiki/Zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zračenje">zračenja</a> koju je čovjek primio.<sup id="cite_ref-personal.unizd.hr_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-personal.unizd.hr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=3443">apsorbirana doza</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=apsorbirana+doza&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D3443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AApsorbirana+doza" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-personal.unizd.hr-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-personal.unizd.hr_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-personal.unizd.hr_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://personal.unizd.hr/~mdzela/nastava/KTF.pdf">[1]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705051127/http://personal.unizd.hr/~mdzela/nastava/KTF.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 5. srpnja 2010. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) "Ionizirajuće zračenje u biosferi", Mile Dželalija, Kemijsko-tehnološki fakultet, Sveučilište u Splitu, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.radiobiologija.vef.unizg.hr/skripta/RAD11-20.htm">[2]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121125114645/http://www.radiobiologija.vef.unizg.hr/skripta/RAD11-20.htm">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 25. studenoga 2012. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) "Jedinica radioaktivnosti", www.radiobiologija.vef.unizg.hr, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id=16088">dozimetrija</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=dozimetrija&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2Fnatuknica.aspx%3Fid%3D16088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AApsorbirana+doza" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="padding:3px"><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:2em; font-family:serif; font-size:180%; padding-right:3px; letter-spacing:-0.1em; background:#f0e0b0">HE</div><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; font-size:82%; padding-left:3px">Dio sadržaja ove stranice preuzet je iz mrežnog izdanja <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija_(LZMK)" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK)">Hrvatske enciklopedije</a> i nije slobodan za daljnju upotrebu pod uvjetima Wikipedijine licencije o sadržaju. Uvjete upotrebe uz <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Dopu%C5%A1tenja_za_kori%C5%A1tenje_sadr%C5%BEaja/Ustanove#Leksikografski_zavod_"Miroslav_Krleža"" title="Wikipedija:Dopuštenja za korištenje sadržaja/Ustanove">dano nam pojašnjenje</a> pogledajte na <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Upute/">stranici Leksikografskog zavoda</a></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&oldid=6908507">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apsorbirana_doza&oldid=6908507</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sadr%C5%BEaj_preuzet_iz_Hrvatske_enciklopedije" title="Kategorija:Sadržaj preuzet iz Hrvatske enciklopedije">Sadržaj preuzet iz Hrvatske enciklopedije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nuklearna_fizika" title="Kategorija:Nuklearna fizika">Nuklearna fizika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 11. travnja 2024. u 04:14.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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