CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9284b9ff0f8dfd3b',cH: '9RFqxa0w1D2DpPEzminesRjVMFFK2iwaCmE0be9YddI-1743307504-1.2.1.1-wpDvs5FSAqoKN6NtskC6ojXCQ.WMB6Os9de.Bcr5J8Je36Agp.gOGzJBGIVoY4IL',cUPMDTk: "\/4831\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=20GUzY5s0p1EmycOCn1fV5OEfwf1hKSd6mIEhx3YxDM-1743307504-1.0.1.1-FqM7Nc63deJNniw6BzjXkvlPWZrjpuAyjheFHxCY6aU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743307504',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/4831\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=20GUzY5s0p1EmycOCn1fV5OEfwf1hKSd6mIEhx3YxDM-1743307504-1.0.1.1-FqM7Nc63deJNniw6BzjXkvlPWZrjpuAyjheFHxCY6aU",md: "3qmgyObjXylCItp92.yFCsHGrlw71U8YxDHw0iXqwsE-1743307504-1.2.1.1-zbX0maSICTokbwtSqdQ4Twl0niknBXAz16aDpJsFfaWOJzz0mLr0FI7QbTezwNiGsU8QddeQcBWwpGQNur3zi4Pj8uSIVV51EJbwdpTARnrKxD8S24KCGpjPOg.AbN.JEmHW9ZVSiBKShxNQzwd.BHyea1M31OdVP7n_xQwSPF8pIRRKuLBfJxLMGVeWGAeVolwOH52BKEvCRrVbv.dISOMwupAyhjVnECDKY6dvUJuyEE98R3xxG478G.4FKrrtS5arMYAnE.AwoP5uwAmJ69rYHyBOOS.L6NbXMkAhTtC53tZLdqYn6QPkV_rTRsNcc3gj6DZibeUurZ3Tq8OKC191J1q9qGvk0CpuKxAsCV4YzZ.kfmaktzzN.MuAMOuZMyaJQZcXKxLV04G2x5Nrl.DdFJYRQdR2jbn2HborQJogRR9Xet.qRmfifbbw9XmIt.CzH6i3jkQ8o2Uq163Ab.4Ns58Z7_QeEY5dEZ_OwTGn5AkL.zfZ_Eml2PwQBNo2GWfEi2U8jbm6kSKUbGOAIAl31xLR7uO2jvKo370igHGEG1s0vWAZqUl_v6pGQ.gEbIQ6KQatYpt6kAVA73BpR_Kepz7jm1ZgiRNhO5ATni9M2tWO4MP8Ik1E0_U82Hx0LW4k8ijQSPyD3Md0OOD5GnxQ9NxRFRn0TdxLVJ6_8MTW2F8PQsHPTS9xQBeE418H.c.EVWB7zKCesuIpwb1Fah.357HTGcJCRylA4Yl0l0zsC2VWg.K8YrgDAT7YVnwSBDVKwCDg3mscDQ2BHZVuwkHhfGo3DM0MnNB4HHb_Lso8tvPft4t5cmBwXthrUAmwOL_SaMLo33NKrrnWWMK6mSMdHgSoWZEOKpF3E4p5mU4bIt.sSzHNlQlwvfmTZheO8HocjrbSgwGRJYtRosh1y_IbnHra8UKlFQQ.LPBeeKrGNOmypM0rCi9a97Qc0kYUZxTY1NLc8IrdRC8CPwfqOD_MpRrbYokChADrxW57krprFtc7xb4OoHD.lWOEY9Jl..S6A.jJuKFtBgJe4H_9iCEjJA6hzOH7EQ2.7hUeuTJpAOdvoT7qEwQc76Vx7xJIUKmxWSQV.QPFbyMMOJczakSSfZf1SORBsx91_cS6Kv9.jxCCqSXQTpb.Ga7OR6yMJsmPeWNWUJ4.z7JOBesIkkJO8MFmwqtw4CQ.TRotNJncnMbknFPIXGXL5H2Na4Pcd4BzMZOYhyin2UUHhRooFQ",mdrd: "oHHMLV5OUxx2o7UIAdbPx5b_rPjwdOMTkXr7rEfDqQM-1743307504-1.2.1.1-pZ5KYgBiqAT5QgGAgSIPiOmANoZqNuELvOhNYMxDJwDd6HcL14qJW9VZ1NH7IshY9Xq0lFmZBoGBEkwvf34OB4vu6bMkPkkTBkBgXKlAutT.7ZwNQeHB2Mg0dUGxneSLEEaZe2QOSeqEGZbwTnnltBOlhDBX2yXFi9ppxK4.65Yf_1dvS1pjP_HMvo.IvMOzyMCqBSA_aoOoL.V5zf1q_4APWFvC_rVC5PS_uOePw.UW2QtfPYZAU88bVM0vheO0QGxTn5SHkNlCxbPQW5Ej87uLJ679NvF5v853HyuGKOvTae5NM09qBkf6Qs.akL5fshR0J35_ajR8IJWIHVE9HbNLCy4xPz_tKrwnrmZ0SjzQJsgG9LE0ZEs0TMKa4Om.0jji81_GIqLOq10tuPtjn3NMlgV7vCtdLjU0_AB7HL0Lkm29V.2tH2YINu9R96p8HOzcz7_g83op1LCUAVK0E5FEEvjKgOUJcyv_54rA58KZlZAw7HCOGSuR.40bRWRfOD8CUpWdV_j3B.0Ce9e5AQWRRt7BIW0XwyMk4v5rZ_QVDbhD4Kh7h603vrcI4YiBUubHlyGxpxVP6.LXrUeV3Ra3RXwOqFpm2PTcQINzrAtR9lwHqBEnmpYVh82kOZhuBMwnd8Jf4O2ta7hTficrFMz58AtpCrwickNSFJIPeWbY6.fIkcM10cC.F2FRkEd_e_EH92dv_8c31fJdQiCgV2yeYcX3nvfLX1BoTyZxl2hHFkk3U.wTv8VLDNJmvTfxTKkKArfqJifcLGbbTNolLsu9jfAwyHR7bRIbsZwVpqIdAbKDuBwhRqwISm4d6PwVZkDTrS_U7I9EELxRQ1i5rQy7dCCsHD1vfK1tDqdLAl8SKSWCswe.LIr2Eo61i0QJu.keCCinDl6JwABko_8fVT5fFKQ6hxt47YJQNFwjTFw9ZyLMBmlIgErMPN_1vMLoFh_G443EsdU2zzfPf9ToAAuWe5hhVffXSjuPmz9qs_QSOtGa4LEMXf3uCYg.Gsk3L74VRqbJO.jqkyMvJlO8Lu_yDosr19zZaxT.IcPwI11o3VntgFc0wncsg9DO5mzVFngjELtwRxS_4G59XwFC8uLbFIEHDkOMJ64n7XP_BRn0Cq3N5HxYiX2qpCqlmd7KYy6yW.Tyg312xT_JmRqgFTO0jEOokTxEZ0O73pzpo2VlJ1l9cMgUv8FrV8V8u00IaoLOmvsQKOInP30fEee31GmLOsauRdGJNR5O3UnVEU02oIMJhxIu0vWcLY8wskTjN.3jm5r639IdZv5MAGJLR.QoZtCGjsMCY3MAU1hEq6vFK2Jz0p4ewKJbIblgSLUm.Kl3t.JFA5cg2ZAqtjn7HA66dyWBC9rgY7n_A7nm.R9MGoOXfNk0dkfOp8CiPfaQmGN02EGVIDd8jQDDZBGZeAuqD8_v.DEa0dJkXgqkPwONkYWlI8e0OFOcmngRrREk7qKv_c.GCAp7NYpBFB_5vpjkCGmV4f_MNGVjRbDNGGQvDxADnitO0PYldC61eRcHVFuwiakBYWpiDhsQ_I0U38EItuJ3xuuWQys4XG8cvDjE0HCxMybd9kQzH3_bUTVXKiKDqAAgsnr8vmX3THmC_7z1.g7Dl56t9NeyENf9V25psUZOIsVBXzLArpengIEJPDGTtp7L939Edlq.VnLUvc64MckuTYEUS2LUgMY09VR2QQVM_ie1Zn27z2pcVq2DV0K5r1fs6c7NsqmdG.lp8NJdQOD4qyQtRLeUplpfRcS01SRDET1XIwfApybG9.lCSGKNJ3mhlTouElCt8_9MDx.XrT31xA62gZ5yc5ojY.45G0WHUVTTjaB27u3_RjFwSYgkZamcoDGLm_yot2IbDldL58RX61ijGwhhF.JYmTo0s_Sgi6POFZoJswh_uH42lKW9S55GDXKmIozOC_SZXO6B5a9wYvWtz73k7JxzwLVbGICDqkCzYtWxjhyGDf7I8pU9rv7BFTvJ8KyCHJqyBGs_jxOtoE2mnsxNXGG7LYAG9QEYh10peI0dkApBOLMb0XKq6x6JfefHaE4hcRFheg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9284b9ff0f8dfd3b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/4831\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=20GUzY5s0p1EmycOCn1fV5OEfwf1hKSd6mIEhx3YxDM-1743307504-1.0.1.1-FqM7Nc63deJNniw6BzjXkvlPWZrjpuAyjheFHxCY6aU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>