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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_proconsular_governors_of_Gallia_Narbonensis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_proconsular_governors_of_Gallia_Narbonensis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of proconsular governors of Gallia Narbonensis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_proconsular_governors_of_Gallia_Narbonensis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gallia Narbonensis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galia_Narbon%C3%A9s" title="Galia Narbonés – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Galia Narbonés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нарбонская Галія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нарбонская Галія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нарбонска Галия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нарбонска Галия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbonensis" title="Narbonensis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0l%C2%B7lia_Narbonesa" title="Gàl·lia Narbonesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gàl·lia Narbonesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ναρβωνική Γαλατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναρβωνική Γαλατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galia_Narbonense" title="Galia Narbonense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Galia Narbonense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galia_Narbonensis" title="Galia Narbonensis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Galia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="گالیا ناربوننسیس (استان رومی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گالیا ناربوننسیس (استان رومی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaule_narbonnaise" title="Gaule narbonnaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaule narbonnaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌾𐌰 𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌾𐌰 𐌽𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%B3%B4%EB%84%A8%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="갈리아 나르보넨시스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="갈리아 나르보넨시스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbonska_Galija" title="Narbonska Galija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Narbonska Galija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonense" title="Gallia Narbonense – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gallia Narbonense" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1" title="פרובינקיה גאליה נארבוננסיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרובינקיה גאליה נארבוננסיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbono_Galija" title="Narbono Galija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Narbono Galija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="गालिया नार्बोनेन्सिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गालिया नार्बोनेन्सिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%8D%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9" title="ガリア・ナルボネンシス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガリア・ナルボネンシス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0llia_Narbonesa" title="Gàllia Narbonesa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gàllia Narbonesa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1lia_Narbonense" title="Gália Narbonense – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gália Narbonense" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нарбонская Галлия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нарбонская Галлия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbonska_Galija" title="Narbonska Galija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Narbonska Galija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нарбонска Галија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нарбонска Галија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbonska_Galija" title="Narbonska Galija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Narbonska Galija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="กัลลิอานาร์โบเนงซิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กัลลิอานาร์โบเนงซิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gallia Narbonensis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gallia_Narbonensis&params=44.0000_N_4.0000_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°00′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°00′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.0000°N 4.0000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.0000; 4.0000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Roman Empire province from 121 BC to the 5th century AD</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Province of Gallia Narbonensis<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><span style="font-size:120%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Provincia Gallia Narbonensis</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">121 BC<sup id="cite_ref-maddy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maddy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–5th century</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_-_Narbonensis_(125_AD).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roman_Empire_-_Narbonensis_%28125_AD%29.svg/220px-Roman_Empire_-_Narbonensis_%28125_AD%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roman_Empire_-_Narbonensis_%28125_AD%29.svg/330px-Roman_Empire_-_Narbonensis_%28125_AD%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roman_Empire_-_Narbonensis_%28125_AD%29.svg/440px-Roman_Empire_-_Narbonensis_%28125_AD%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1817" /></a></span><br />The province of Gallia Narbonensis within the Roman Empire in 125 AD</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narbo_Martius" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbo Martius">Narbo Martius</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Antiquity</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">121 BC<sup id="cite_ref-maddy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maddy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Visigothic conquest </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5th century</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Gallia_Tribes_Towns.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_Gallia_Tribes_Towns.png/300px-Map_Gallia_Tribes_Towns.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_Gallia_Tribes_Towns.png/450px-Map_Gallia_Tribes_Towns.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Map_Gallia_Tribes_Towns.png/600px-Map_Gallia_Tribes_Towns.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>The Roman Provinces in Gaul around 58 BC; the coastline shown here is the modern one, different from the ancient coastline in some parts of the English Channel.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaul_in_the_Time_of_Caesar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gaul_in_the_Time_of_Caesar.jpg/220px-Gaul_in_the_Time_of_Caesar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gaul_in_the_Time_of_Caesar.jpg/330px-Gaul_in_the_Time_of_Caesar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gaul_in_the_Time_of_Caesar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Gallia Narbonensis can be seen in the south of modern-day France as a Roman province.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gallia Narbonensis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "Gaul of <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>", from its chief settlement)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a> located in what is now <a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)"> Occitania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a>. It was also known as <b>Provincia Nostra</b> ("Our Province"), because it was the first <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> province north of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, and as <b>Gallia Transalpina</b> ("Transalpine Gaul"), distinguishing it from <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a>. It became a Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Gallia Narbonensis was bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees Mountains</a> on the west, the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9vennes" title="Cévennes">Cévennes</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> on the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a> on the south; the province included the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Rhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhone">Rhone</a> catchment. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as <a href="/wiki/Septimania" title="Septimania">Septimania</a>. The province was a valuable part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, owing to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Greek colony</a> and later Roman Civitas of <a href="/wiki/Massalia" title="Massalia">Massalia</a>, its location between the Spanish provinces and Rome, and its financial output.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The province of <i>Gallia Transalpina</i> ("Transalpine Gaul") was later renamed <i>Gallia Narbonensis</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after its newly established capital of <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Narbo_Martius" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonia Narbo Martius">Colonia Narbo Martius</a> (colloquially known as Narbo, at the location of the modern <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Roman_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman colony">Roman colony</a> founded on the coast in 118 BC. The name Gallia Narbonensis most likely originates in the Augustan era. Its first recorded use was in a <a href="/wiki/Roman_censor" title="Roman censor">census</a> conducted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Pullius_Pollio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Pullius Pollio (page does not exist)">Gnaeus Pullius Pollio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romans had called it <i>Provincia Nostra</i> ("our province") or simply <i>Provincia</i> ("the province").<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term has survived in the modern name of <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> for the eastern part of the area (French <i><a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a></i>, Occitan <i>Provença</i>), now a <a href="/wiki/Region_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Region of France">region</a> of France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding">Founding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greek colony of <a href="/wiki/Massalia" title="Massalia">Massalia</a> was founded in approximately 600 BC, by which the Hellenisation of Celtic Gaul began.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet19889_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet19889-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman involvement in the so-called transalpine Gaul occurred in 218 BC; according to <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, the Romans tried to establish the alliance against <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a> in Gaul and Spain, but gained no success.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198827_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198827-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> led the Carthaginian forces and routed the local Gallic tribes, crossing the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>. Massalia had already formed an alliance with Rome,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198817_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198817-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which agreed to protect the town in exchange for supplying vital information and providing the fleet as Rome needed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198832_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198832-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rome also demanded Massalia a small strip of land in order to build a road to Hispania, to assist in troop transport.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198843_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198843-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romans therefore landed their troops on Massalia to protect the city. After Rome held territories in Hispania, the Romans left control of the route to the city, causing praetor Lucius Baebius to be killed by the <a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a> while en route to Hispania in 189 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198832_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198832-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, the Mediterranean settlements on the coast were threatened by the powerful <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gallic</a> tribes to the north, especially the tribes known as the <a href="/wiki/Arverni" title="Arverni">Arverni</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a>. In the First Transalpine War (125–121 BCE),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Roman general <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Allobrogicus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus">Quintus Fabius Maximus (later additionally named Allobrogicus)</a> campaigned in the area and defeated the Allobroges and the Arverni under king <a href="/wiki/Bituitus" title="Bituitus">Bituitus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Is%C3%A8re_River" title="Battle of the Isère River">Battle of the Isère River</a>. This defeat substantially weakened the Arverni and ensured the further security of Gallia Narbonensis. The area became a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a> in 121 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-maddy_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maddy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province had come into Roman control originally under the name <b>Gallia Transalpina</b> (Transalpine Gaul), which distinguished it from <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a> on the near side of the Alps to Rome.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In this strip of land, the Romans founded the town of Narbonne in 118 BC. At the same time, they built the <a href="/wiki/Via_Domitia" title="Via Domitia">Via Domitia</a>, the first Roman road in Gaul, connecting Gaul to Hispania, and the <a href="/wiki/Via_Aquitania" title="Via Aquitania">Via Aquitania</a>, which led toward the Atlantic through Tolosa (Toulouse) and Burdigala (Bordeaux). Thus, the Romans built a crossroads that made Narbonne an optimal trading center, and Narbonne became a major trading competitor to Massalia. From Narbonne, the Romans established the province of Transalpine Gaul, later called Gallia Narbonensis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Sertorian_War" title="Sertorian War">Sertorian War</a> (80–72 BCE) against the breakaway state of former Roman senator and general <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Sertorius" title="Quintus Sertorius">Sertorius</a>, Gallia Narbonensis was an important base for military activities. This was an important event in the Romanization of Narbonese Gaul, as it resulted in the Romans organizing the province.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_history">Later history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Control of the province, which bordered directly on <a href="/wiki/Italy_(Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy (Roman Empire)">Italia</a>, gave the Roman state several advantages: control of the land route between Italy and the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>; a territorial buffer against <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gallic</a> attacks on Italy; and control of the lucrative trade routes of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> valley between Gaul and the markets of Massalia. It was from the capital of Narbonne that <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> began his <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a>. Caesar rebuilt <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbo</a> and built the cities of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus" title="Fréjus">Forum Julium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a>. Julius Caesar also granted many communities in Gallia Narbonensis citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 49 BC, the city of Massalia sided with the Pompeians during the <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar's Civil War">civil war</a>. After the war ended, the city of Massalia lost all of its independence and was fully subject to Roman rule.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 40 BC, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Triumvirate" title="Second Triumvirate">Second Triumvirate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aemilius_Lepidus_(triumvir)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)">Lepidus</a> was given responsibility for Narbonese Gaul (along with Hispania and Africa), while <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> was given the balance of Gaul.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After becoming <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> made Gallia Narbonensis a <a href="/wiki/Senatorial_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Senatorial province">senatorial province</a> governed by a <a href="/wiki/Proconsul" title="Proconsul">proconsul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>'s administrative reorganization of the Empire in <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD</span> 314 merged the provinces Gallia Narbonensis and <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Gallia Aquitania</a> into a new administrative unit called <i>Dioecesis Viennensis</i> (Diocese of Vienne) with the capital more to the north in <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re#Roman_Vienne" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a>. The new diocese's name was later changed to <i><a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Dioecesis Septem Provinciarum</a></i> (Diocese of the Seven Provinces), indicating that Diocletian had demoted the word "province" to mean a smaller subdivision than in traditional usage. </p><p>Galla Narbonensis and surrounding areas were incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths#Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigoths">Visigothic Kingdom</a> between AD 462 and 477, permanently ending Roman political control. After the Gothic takeover, the Visigothic dominions were to be generally known as <a href="/wiki/Septimania" title="Septimania">Septimania</a>, while to the east of the lower Rhone the term <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> came into use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_proconsular_governors_of_Gallia_Narbonensis">List of proconsular governors of Gallia Narbonensis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of proconsular governors of Gallia Narbonensis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(This list is based on A.L.F. Rivet, <i>Gallia Narbonensis</i> (London: Batsford, 1988), pp. 79, 86f.) </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Pullius_Pollio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Pullius Pollio (page does not exist)">Gnaeus Pullius Pollio</a>—between 18 and 16 BC<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Cincius_Saturninus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Cincius Saturninus (page does not exist)">Marcus Cincius Saturninus</a>—under Augustus</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titedius_Labeo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titedius Labeo (page does not exist)">Titedius Labeo</a>—under Tiberius</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manius_Vibius_Balbinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manius Vibius Balbinus">Manius Vibius Balbinus</a>—15–17 AD</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torquatus_Novellus_Atticus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torquatus Novellus Atticus (page does not exist)">Torquatus Novellus Atticus</a>—30–34</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Mussidius_Pollianus" title="Titus Mussidius Pollianus">Titus Mussidius Pollianus</a>—34–37</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Vinius" title="Titus Vinius">Titus Vinius</a>—under Nero</li> <li>L. V[...]dius Bassus—<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 77</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Cornutus_Tertullus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Iulius Cornutus Tertullus">Gaius Iulius Cornutus Tertullus</a>—before 78</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulus_Larcius_Priscus" title="Aulus Larcius Priscus">Aulus Larcius Priscus</a>—103–109</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Acilius_Priscus_Egrilius_Plarianus" title="Marcus Acilius Priscus Egrilius Plarianus">Marcus Acilius Priscus Egrilius Plarianus</a>—118–120</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aninius_Sextius_Florentinus" title="Lucius Aninius Sextius Florentinus">Lucius Aninius Sextius Florentinus</a>—<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 124</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aurelius_Gallus_(suffect_consul)" title="Lucius Aurelius Gallus (suffect consul)">Lucius Aurelius Gallus</a>—124–127</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Novius_Crispinus_Martialis_Saturninus" title="Lucius Novius Crispinus Martialis Saturninus">Lucius Novius Crispinus Martialis Saturninus</a>—144–145</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Seius_Calpurnius_Quadratus_Sittianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Seius Calpurnius Quadratus Sittianus">Gaius Seius Calpurnius Quadratus Sittianus</a>—before 150</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Cestius_Gallus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Cestius Gallus (page does not exist)">Lucius Cestius Gallus</a>—between 165 and 183</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Cornelius_Aquilius_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Cornelius Aquilius Niger (page does not exist)">Gnaeus Cornelius Aquilius Niger</a>—between 138 and 192</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fabius_Cilo" title="Lucius Fabius Cilo">Lucius Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus</a>—between 180 and 192</li> <li>...]dius T.f.—2nd century</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Ranius_Optatus_Novatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Ranius Optatus Novatus (page does not exist)">Lucius Ranius Optatus Novatus</a>—between 197 and 214</li> <li><i>Ignotus</i>, allegedly killed for supporting <a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a>—<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 210</span></li> <li>...]us—between 210 and 230</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Claudius_Paulinus" title="Tiberius Claudius Paulinus">Tiberius Claudius Paulinus</a>—216–217</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Aemilius_Berenicianus_Maximus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Aemilius Berenicianus Maximus (page does not exist)">Gaius Aemilius Berenicianus Maximus</a>—between 222 and 235</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iulianus_(proconsul_of_Narbonensis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iulianus (proconsul of Narbonensis) (page does not exist)">Iulianus</a>—between 222 and 235</li> <li>C. Seius Calpurnius Quadratus Sittianus—middle 3rd century<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name is also variously expressed as <b>Narbonese</b> or <b>Narbonnese Gaul</b>, <b>Narbonian Gaul</b>, and <b>Narbonensian Gaul</b>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-maddy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maddy_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maddy_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaddison2007" class="citation cs2">Maddison, Angus (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a-JGGp2suQUC"><i>Contours of the World Economy 1–2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History</i></a>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a-JGGp2suQUC&pg=PT41">41</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191647581" title="Special:BookSources/9780191647581"><bdi>9780191647581</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contours+of+the+World+Economy+1%E2%80%932030+AD%3A+Essays+in+Macro-Economic+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780191647581&rft.aulast=Maddison&rft.aufirst=Angus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da-JGGp2suQUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunson2014" class="citation book cs1">Bunson, Matthew (2014-05-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T5tic2VunRoC&dq=Gallia+Narbonensis&pg=PA230"><i>Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1027-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1027-1"><bdi>978-1-4381-1027-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1027-1&rft.aulast=Bunson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT5tic2VunRoC%26dq%3DGallia%2BNarbonensis%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowmanChamplinLintott1996" class="citation book cs1">Bowman, Alan K.; Champlin, Edward; Lintott, Andrew (1996-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JZLW4-wba7UC&dq=Gallia+Narbonensis&pg=PA471"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26430-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26430-3"><bdi>978-0-521-26430-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996-02-08&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26430-3&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=Alan+K.&rft.au=Champlin%2C+Edward&rft.au=Lintott%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJZLW4-wba7UC%26dq%3DGallia%2BNarbonensis%26pg%3DPA471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiggsby2006" class="citation book cs1">Riggsby, Andrew M. (2006-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MI8_OpVaF7wC&dq=Transalpine+Gaul&pg=PA30"><i>Caesar in Gaul and Rome: War in Words</i></a>. University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71303-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71303-1"><bdi>978-0-292-71303-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caesar+in+Gaul+and+Rome%3A+War+in+Words&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2006-07-01&rft.isbn=978-0-292-71303-1&rft.aulast=Riggsby&rft.aufirst=Andrew+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMI8_OpVaF7wC%26dq%3DTransalpine%2BGaul%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet19889-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet19889_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198827-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198827_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198817-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198817_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198832-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198832_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198832_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198843-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198843_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster1996" class="citation book cs1">Webster, Jane (1996). "Ethnographic barbarity: colonial discourse and 'Celtic warrior societies'.". In Cooper, Nick (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/3726/B9A9B5F3-E4C0-4CB5-93E8-8EE443D06EED.pdf"><i>Roman Imperialism: Post-Colonial Perspectives</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. School of Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester. pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>118<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnographic+barbarity%3A+colonial+discourse+and+%E2%80%98Celtic+warrior+societies%E2%80%99.&rft.btitle=Roman+Imperialism%3A+Post-Colonial+Perspectives&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E118&rft.pub=School+of+Archaeological+Studies%2C+University+of+Leicester&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.ncl.ac.uk%2Ffile_store%2Fproduction%2F3726%2FB9A9B5F3-E4C0-4CB5-93E8-8EE443D06EED.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbel1976" class="citation book cs1">Ebel, Charles (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lbwUAAAAIAAJ&q=Transalpine+Gaul"><i>Transalpine Gaul: The Emergence of a Roman Province</i></a>. Brill Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-04384-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-04384-8"><bdi>978-90-04-04384-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transalpine+Gaul%3A+The+Emergence+of+a+Roman+Province&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-90-04-04384-8&rft.aulast=Ebel&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlbwUAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DTransalpine%2BGaul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boatwright et al., <i>The Romans, From Village to Empire</i>, p.272 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511876-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511876-6">978-0-19-511876-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_en.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+14%2C+02831&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">XIV, 2831</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunson2014" class="citation book cs1">Bunson, Matthew (2014-05-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T5tic2VunRoC&dq=Gallia+Narbonensis"><i>Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1027-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1027-1"><bdi>978-1-4381-1027-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1027-1&rft.aulast=Bunson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT5tic2VunRoC%26dq%3DGallia%2BNarbonensis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoatwrightGargolaTalbert2004" class="citation book cs1">Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro; Gargola, Daniel J.; Talbert, Richard J. A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i5CdHVQ4EiMC"><i>The Romans, from Village to Empire</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511875-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511875-9"><bdi>978-0-19-511875-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romans%2C+from+Village+to+Empire&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-511875-9&rft.aulast=Boatwright&rft.aufirst=Mary+Taliaferro&rft.au=Gargola%2C+Daniel+J.&rft.au=Talbert%2C+Richard+J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di5CdHVQ4EiMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleere2001" class="citation book cs1">Cleere, Henry (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=msll03drTekC"><i>Southern France: An Oxford Archaeological Guide</i></a>. Ancient society and history. <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_New_York" title="Oxford, New York">Oxford, New York</a>: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-288006-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-288006-2"><bdi>978-0-19-288006-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+France%3A+An+Oxford+Archaeological+Guide&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.series=Ancient+society+and+history&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-288006-2&rft.aulast=Cleere&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmsll03drTekC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2003" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Thomas S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PaRNJOLnRMUC"><i>Rome and the Barbarians, 100 B.C.-A.D. 400</i></a>. Ancient society and history. <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7306-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7306-5"><bdi>978-0-8018-7306-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+the+Barbarians%2C+100+B.C.-A.D.+400&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.series=Ancient+society+and+history&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7306-5&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPaRNJOLnRMUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddison2007" class="citation cs2">Maddison, Angus (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a-JGGp2suQUC"><i>Contours of the World Economy 1–2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History</i></a>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-164758-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-164758-1"><bdi>978-0-19-164758-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contours+of+the+World+Economy+1%E2%80%932030+AD%3A+Essays+in+Macro-Economic+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-164758-1&rft.aulast=Maddison&rft.aufirst=Angus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da-JGGp2suQUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivet1988" class="citation book cs1">Rivet, Albert Lionel Frederick (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Gallia_Narbonensis.html?id=ldVnAAAAMAAJ"><i>Gallia Narbonensis: Southern France in Roman times</i></a>. London: B.T. Batsford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5860-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5860-2"><bdi>978-0-7134-5860-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gallia+Narbonensis%3A+Southern+France+in+Roman+times&rft.place=London&rft.pub=B.T.+Batsford&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-5860-2&rft.aulast=Rivet&rft.aufirst=Albert+Lionel+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FGallia_Narbonensis.html%3Fid%3DldVnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Smith1872" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">William Smith</a>, ed. (1872) [1854]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.ah5cuq?urlappend=%3Bseq=967">"Gallia Transalpina"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography"><i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</i></a>. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fhvd.ah5cuq?urlappend=%3Bseq=967">2027/hvd.ah5cuq</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gallia+Transalpina&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1872&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fhvd.ah5cuq%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fhvd.ah5cuq%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Narbonensis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_provinces_AD_117" title="Template:Roman provinces AD 117"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_provinces_AD_117" title="Template talk:Roman provinces AD 117"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_provinces_AD_117" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman provinces AD 117"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_the_early_Roman_Empire_(117_AD)239" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_province#The_Roman_provinces_in_117" title="Roman province">Provinces of the early Roman Empire <small>(117 AD)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaia_(Roman_province)" title="Achaia (Roman province)">Achaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Aegyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa proconsularis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Cottiae" title="Alpes Cottiae">Alpes Cottiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Maritimae" title="Alpes Maritimae">Alpes Maritimae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Graiae_et_Poeninae" title="Alpes Graiae et Poeninae">Alpes Graiae et Poeninae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia Petraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria_(Roman_province)" title="Assyria (Roman province)">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia_and_Pontus" title="Bithynia and Pontus">Bithynia and Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(Roman_province)" title="Cappadocia (Roman province)">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_(Roman_province)" title="Cilicia (Roman province)">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica_and_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsica and Sardinia">Corsica and Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(Roman_province)" title="Epirus (Roman province)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_(Roman_province)" title="Galatia (Roman province)">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Gallia Aquitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Lugdunensis" title="Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gallia Narbonensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Hispania Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italia</a></i> <sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Iudaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia_et_Pamphylia" title="Lycia et Pamphylia">Lycia et Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Superior" title="Pannonia Superior">Pannonia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracia (Roman province)">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanEmpire_117.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)"><img alt="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/150px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/225px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/300px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>†</sup> Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>'s reforms.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_provinces_(4th–7th_centuries_AD)660" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Template:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Template talk:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_provinces_(4th–7th_centuries_AD)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Late_Roman_provinces" title="List of Late Roman provinces">Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces</a> (4th–7th centuries AD)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">As found in the <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i>. Provincial administration reformed and <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">dioceses</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 293. Permanent <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">praetorian prefectures</a> established after the death of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Ravenna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Africa</a> established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Theme_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme system">theme system</a> in c. 640–660, although in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Roman_Empire_(395–476)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> (395–476)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Gaul" title="Praetorian prefecture of Gaul">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Gaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Gaul" title="Diocese of Gaul">Diocese of Gaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Poeninae_et_Graiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpes Poeninae et Graiae">Alpes Poeninae et Graiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgica Prima">Belgica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgica Secunda">Belgica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis I">Lugdunensis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis II">Lugdunensis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis III">Lugdunensis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis IV">Lugdunensis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_Sequanorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxima Sequanorum">Maxima Sequanorum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Diocese of Vienne</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Maritimae" title="Alpes Maritimae">Alpes Maritimae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitanica_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica I">Aquitanica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitanica_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica II">Aquitanica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonensis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonensis I">Narbonensis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonensis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonensis II">Narbonensis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novempopulania" title="Novempopulania">Novempopulania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennensis" title="Viennensis">Viennensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Spain">Diocese of Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Baetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Balearica" title="Hispania Balearica">Balearica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Carthaginensis" title="Hispania Carthaginensis">Carthaginensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Tarraconensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Britains" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of the Britains">Diocese of the Britains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Prima" title="Britannia Prima">Britannia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Secunda" title="Britannia Secunda">Britannia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Caesariensis" title="Flavia Caesariensis">Flavia Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_Caesariensis" title="Maxima Caesariensis">Maxima Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentia_(Roman_Britain)" title="Valentia (Roman Britain)">Valentia (?)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Italy" title="Praetorian prefecture of Italy">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Suburbicarian_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy">Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="Province of Apulia and Calabria">Apulia et Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campania_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campania (Roman province)">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucania_et_Bruttium" title="Lucania et Bruttium">Lucania et Bruttium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picenum" title="Picenum">Picenum Suburbicarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuscia_et_Umbria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuscia et Umbria (page does not exist)">Tuscia et Umbria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Suburbicaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valeria Suburbicaria (page does not exist)">Valeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Annonarian_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Annonarian Italy">Diocese of Annonarian Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Cottiae" title="Alpes Cottiae">Alpes Cottiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminia_et_Picenum_Annonarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium">Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liguria_(Roman_province)" title="Liguria (Roman province)">Liguria</a> et <a href="/wiki/Aemilia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aemilia (Roman province)">Aemilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia_Prima" title="Raetia Prima">Raetia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Raetia Secunda">Raetia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia_et_Histria" title="Venetia et Histria">Venetia et Histria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Africa" title="Diocese of Africa">Diocese of Africa</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzacena" title="Byzacena">Byzacena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Sitifensis" title="Mauretania Sitifensis">Mauretania Sitifensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numidia_(Roman_province)" title="Numidia (Roman province)">Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolitania_(Roman_province)" title="Tripolitania (Roman province)">Tripolitania (Roman province)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Eastern_Roman_Empire_(395–c._640)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> (395–c. 640)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Illyricum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">Diocese of Pannonia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum_mediterraneum" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum mediterraneum">Noricum mediterraneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum_ripense" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum ripense">Noricum ripense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Prima" title="Pannonia Prima">Pannonia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Secunda" title="Pannonia Secunda">Pannonia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Savia" title="Pannonia Savia">Savia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_ripensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria ripensis">Valeria ripensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardania_(Roman_province)" title="Dardania (Roman province)">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Prima" title="Moesia Prima">Moesia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">Diocese of Macedonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaea (Roman province)">Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Creta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus Nova">Epirus Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Vetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus Vetus">Epirus Vetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia Prima">Macedonia Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia Secunda">Macedonia II Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalia">Thessalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_the_East" title="Praetorian prefecture of the East">Praetorian prefecture<br />of the East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Thrace" title="Diocese of Thrace">Diocese of Thrace</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(Roman_province)" title="Europa (Roman province)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemimontus" title="Haemimontus">Haemimontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Secunda">Moesia II</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(province)" title="Rhodope (province)">Rhodope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor" title="Scythia Minor">Scythia</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Asia" title="Diocese of Asia">Diocese of Asia</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellespontus_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespontus (province)">Hellespontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_(Roman_province)" title="Islands (Roman province)">Islands</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia (370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia_Pacatiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrygia Pacatiana">Phrygia Pacatiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrygia Salutaris">Phrygia Salutaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pontus" title="Diocese of Pontus">Diocese of Pontus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Prima">Armenia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Secunda">Armenia II</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Maior" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Maior">Armenia Maior</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Satrapies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Satrapies">Armenian Satrapies</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia III">Armenia III (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia IV">Armenia IV (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Prima">Cappadocia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Secunda">Cappadocia II</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatia Prima">Galatia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatia Secunda">Galatia II Salutaris</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenopontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenopontus">Helenopontus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorias" title="Honorias">Honorias</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_Polemoniacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontus Polemoniacus">Pontus Polemoniacus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Diocese of the East</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia Prima">Cilicia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia Secunda">Cilicia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphratensis" title="Euphratensis">Euphratensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroene_(Roman_province)" title="Osroene (Roman province)">Osroene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palaestina I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_III_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaestina III Salutaris">Palaestina III Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice Prima">Phoenice I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_II_Libanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice II Libanensis">Phoenice II Libanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Prima" title="Syria Prima">Syria I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_II_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria II Salutaris">Syria II Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorias_(province)" title="Theodorias (province)">Theodorias (528)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Egypt" title="Diocese of Egypt">Diocese of Egypt</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptus I">Aegyptus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptus II">Aegyptus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Aegypti" title="Arcadia Aegypti">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustamnica_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustamnica I">Augustamnica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustamnica_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustamnica II">Augustamnica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Superior">Libya Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Inferior">Libya Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebais_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais Superior">Thebais Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebais_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais Inferior">Thebais Inferior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_territories660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taurica" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurica">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania (552)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Later the <a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Septem Provinciae</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Re-established after <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">reconquest</a> by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">Prefecture of Africa</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Later the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Illyricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Illyricum">Diocese of Illyricum</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Placed under the <a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus</a> in 536</li> <li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a>'s administrative reorganization in 534–536</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_governors34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_governors" title="Template:Roman governors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_governors" title="Template talk:Roman governors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_governors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman governors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_governors34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_governor" title="Roman governor">Roman governors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Achaia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Achaia">Achaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Roman_Egypt" title="List of governors of Roman Egypt">Aegyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Africa" title="List of Roman governors of Africa">Africa proconsularis</a></li> <li>Alpes (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Cottiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Cottiae (page does not exist)">Alpes Cottiae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Maritimae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Maritimae (page does not exist)">Alpes Maritimae</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Alpes_Poeninae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Alpes Poeninae (page does not exist)">Alpes Poeninae</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Arabia_Petraea" title="List of Roman governors of Arabia Petraea">Arabia Petraea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Roman_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Roman Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Asia" title="List of Roman governors of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Assyria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Assyria (page does not exist)">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Bithynia_and_Pontus" title="List of Roman governors of Bithynia and Pontus">Bithynia and Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Roman_Britain" title="List of governors of Roman Britain">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Cappadocia" title="List of Roman governors of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Cilicia" title="List of Roman governors of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Corsica_and_Sardinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Corsica and Sardinia (page does not exist)">Corsica and Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Crete_et_Cyrernaica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Crete et Cyrernaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Roman_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Dacia_Traiana" title="List of Roman governors of Dacia Traiana">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Epirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Epirus (page does not exist)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Galatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_governors_of_Gaul" title="Roman Republican governors of Gaul">Gaul</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Aquitania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Aquitania">Gallia Aquitania</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Belgica" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Lugdunensis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Gallia_Narbonensis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>)</li> <li>Germania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Germania_Inferior" title="List of Roman governors of Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Germania_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a>)</li> <li>Hispania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Hispania_Baetica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="List of Roman governors of Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_administration_of_Judaea_(AD_6%E2%80%93135)" title="Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135)">Judaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lusitania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lycia_et_Pamphylia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Lycia et Pamphylia">Lycia et Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li>Mauretania (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="List of Roman governors of Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mauretania_Tingitana" title="List of Roman governors of Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_governors_of_Mesopotamia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Roman governors of Mesopotamia (page does not exist)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Moesia">Moesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Lower_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Lower Moesia">Moesia Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Upper_Moesia" title="List of Roman governors of Upper Moesia">Moesia Superior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Noricum" title="List of Roman governors of Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia">Pannonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Pannonia_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman governors of Pannonia Superior">Pannonia Superior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Raetia" title="List of Roman governors of Raetia">Raetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Sicilia" title="List of Roman governors of Sicilia">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Syria" title="List of Roman governors of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_governors_of_Thracia" title="List of Roman governors of Thracia">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanEmpire_117.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)"><img alt="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/150px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/225px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/300px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata901" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata901" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144357701">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4071548-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88189419">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007567327905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/981537">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/008419">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gallia_Narbonensis&params=44.0000_N_4.0000_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°00′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°00′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.0000°N 4.0000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.0000; 4.0000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&oldid=1268803427">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Narbonensis&oldid=1268803427</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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