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sign language</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Brazilian sign language"> <meta name="keywords" content="Brazilian sign language"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Brazilian sign language"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1009</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Brazilian sign language</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1009</span> A Motion Dictionary to Real-Time Recognition of Sign Language Alphabet Using Dynamic Time Warping and Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marcio%20Leal">Marcio Leal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marta%20Villamil"> Marta Villamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computacional recognition of sign languages aims to allow a greater social and digital inclusion of deaf people through interpretation of their language by computer. This article presents a model of recognition of two of global parameters from sign languages; hand configurations and hand movements. Hand motion is captured through an infrared technology and its joints are built into a virtual three-dimensional space. A Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) was used to classify hand configurations and Dynamic Time Warping (DWT) recognizes hand motion. Beyond of the method of sign recognition, we provide a dataset of hand configurations and motion capture built with help of fluent professionals in sign languages. Despite this technology can be used to translate any sign from any signs dictionary, Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) was used as case study. Finally, the model presented in this paper achieved a recognition rate of 80.4%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20language%20recognition" title="Sign language recognition">Sign language recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=computer%20vision" title=" computer vision"> computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=infrared" title=" infrared"> infrared</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dynamic%20time%20warping." title=" dynamic time warping."> dynamic time warping.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/a-motion-dictionary-to-real-time-recognition-of-sign-language-alphabet-using-dynamic-time-warping-and-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">878</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1008</span> Using Different Aspects of the Signings for Appearance-based Sign Language Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morteza%20Zahedi">Morteza Zahedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Philippe%20Dreuw"> Philippe Dreuw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomas%20Deselaers"> Thomas Deselaers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hermann%20Ney"> Hermann Ney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sign language is used by the deaf and hard of hearing people for communication. Automatic sign language recognition is a challenging research area since sign language often is the only way of communication for the deaf people. Sign language includes different components of visual actions made by the signer using the hands, the face, and the torso, to convey his/her meaning. To use different aspects of signs, we combine the different groups of features which have been extracted from the image frames recorded directly by a stationary camera. We combine the features in two levels by employing three techniques. At the feature level, an early feature combination can be performed by concatenating and weighting different feature groups, or by concatenating feature groups over time and using LDA to choose the most discriminant elements. At the model level, a late fusion of differently trained models can be carried out by a log-linear model combination. In this paper, we investigate these three combination techniques in an automatic sign language recognition system and show that the recognition rate can be significantly improved.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=American%20sign%20language" title="American sign language">American sign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=appearance-based%20features" title=" appearance-based features"> appearance-based features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feature%20combination" title=" Feature combination"> Feature combination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20language%20recognition" title=" Sign language recognition"> Sign language recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/using-different-aspects-of-the-signings-for-appearance-based-sign-language-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1007</span> Pakistan Sign Language Recognition Using Statistical Template Matching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aleem%20Khalid%20Alvi">Aleem Khalid Alvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yousuf%20Bin%20Azhar"> M. Yousuf Bin Azhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehmood%20Usman"> Mehmood Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suleman%20Mumtaz"> Suleman Mumtaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sameer%20Rafiq"> Sameer Rafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RaziUr%20Rehman"> RaziUr Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Israr%20Ahmed"> Israr Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sign language recognition has been a topic of research since the first data glove was developed. Many researchers have attempted to recognize sign language through various techniques. However none of them have ventured into the area of Pakistan Sign Language (PSL). The Boltay Haath project aims at recognizing PSL gestures using Statistical Template Matching. The primary input device is the DataGlove5 developed by 5DT. Alternative approaches use camera-based recognition which, being sensitive to environmental changes are not always a good choice.This paper explains the use of Statistical Template Matching for gesture recognition in Boltay Haath. The system recognizes one handed alphabet signs from PSL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gesture%20Recognition" title="Gesture Recognition">Gesture Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pakistan%20Sign%20Language" title=" Pakistan Sign Language"> Pakistan Sign Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DataGlove" title=" DataGlove"> DataGlove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Human%20Computer%20Interaction" title=" Human Computer Interaction"> Human Computer Interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Template%20Matching" title=" Template Matching"> Template Matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BoltayHaath" title=" BoltayHaath"> BoltayHaath</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/pakistan-sign-language-recognition-using-statistical-template-matching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3024</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1006</span> Hand Gesture Recognition: Sign to Voice System (S2V)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oi%20Mean%20Foong">Oi Mean Foong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tan%20Jung%20Low"> Tan Jung Low</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Satrio%20Wibowo"> Satrio Wibowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hand gesture is one of the typical methods used in sign language for non-verbal communication. It is most commonly used by people who have hearing or speech problems to communicate among themselves or with normal people. Various sign language systems have been developed by manufacturers around the globe but they are neither flexible nor cost-effective for the end users. This paper presents a system prototype that is able to automatically recognize sign language to help normal people to communicate more effectively with the hearing or speech impaired people. The Sign to Voice system prototype, S2V, was developed using Feed Forward Neural Network for two-sequence signs detection. Different sets of universal hand gestures were captured from video camera and utilized to train the neural network for classification purpose. The experimental results have shown that neural network has achieved satisfactory result for sign-to-voice translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hand%20gesture%20detection" title="Hand gesture detection">Hand gesture detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=signlanguage" title=" signlanguage"> signlanguage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sequence%20detection." title=" sequence detection."> sequence detection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/hand-gesture-recognition-sign-to-voice-system-s2v" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1856</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1005</span> Online Multilingual Dictionary Using Hamburg Notation for Avatar-Based Indian Sign Language Generation System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sugandhi">Sugandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parteek%20Kumar"> Parteek Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sanmeet%20Kaur"> Sanmeet Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sign Language (SL) is used by deaf and other people who cannot speak but can hear or have a problem with spoken languages due to some disability. It is a visual gesture language that makes use of either one hand or both hands, arms, face, body to convey meanings and thoughts. SL automation system is an effective way which provides an interface to communicate with normal people using a computer. In this paper, an avatar based dictionary has been proposed for text to Indian Sign Language (ISL) generation system. This research work will also depict a literature review on SL corpus available for various SL s over the years. For ISL generation system, a written form of SL is required and there are certain techniques available for writing the SL. The system uses Hamburg sign language Notation System (HamNoSys) and Signing Gesture Mark-up Language (SiGML) for ISL generation. It is developed in PHP using Web Graphics Library (WebGL) technology for 3D avatar animation. A multilingual ISL dictionary is developed using HamNoSys for both English and Hindi Language. This dictionary will be used as a database to associate signs with words or phrases of a spoken language. It provides an interface for admin panel to manage the dictionary, i.e., modification, addition, or deletion of a word. Through this interface, HamNoSys can be developed and stored in a database and these notations can be converted into its corresponding SiGML file manually. The system takes natural language input sentence in English and Hindi language and generate 3D sign animation using an avatar. SL generation systems have potential applications in many domains such as healthcare sector, media, educational institutes, commercial sectors, transportation services etc. This research work will help the researchers to understand various techniques used for writing SL and generation of Sign Language systems.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dictionary" title=" dictionary"> dictionary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HamNoSys" title=" HamNoSys"> HamNoSys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hearing-impaired" title=" hearing-impaired"> hearing-impaired</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Indian%20Sign%20Language" title=" Indian Sign Language"> Indian Sign Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sign%20language." title=" sign language. "> sign language. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/online-multilingual-dictionary-using-hamburg-notation-for-avatar-based-indian-sign-language-generation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1004</span> Facial Expression Phoenix (FePh): An Annotated Sequenced Dataset for Facial and Emotion-Specified Expressions in Sign Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marie%20Alaghband">Marie Alaghband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Niloofar%20Yousefi"> Niloofar Yousefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ivan%20Garibay"> Ivan Garibay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Facial expressions are important parts of both gesture and sign language recognition systems. Despite the recent advances in both fields, annotated facial expression datasets in the context of sign language are still scarce resources. In this manuscript, we introduce an annotated sequenced facial expression dataset in the context of sign language, comprising over 3000 facial images extracted from the daily news and weather forecast of the public tv-station PHOENIX. Unlike the majority of currently existing facial expression datasets, FePh provides sequenced semi-blurry facial images with different head poses, orientations, and movements. In addition, in the majority of images, identities are mouthing the words, which makes the data more challenging. To annotate this dataset we consider primary, secondary, and tertiary dyads of seven basic emotions of "sad", "surprise", "fear", "angry", "neutral", "disgust", and "happy". We also considered the "None" class if the image’s facial expression could not be described by any of the aforementioned emotions. Although we provide FePh as a facial expression dataset of signers in sign language, it has a wider application in gesture recognition and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Annotated%20Facial%20Expression%20Dataset" title="Annotated Facial Expression Dataset">Annotated Facial Expression Dataset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20Language%0D%0ARecognition" title=" Sign Language Recognition"> Sign Language Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gesture%20Recognition" title=" Gesture Recognition"> Gesture Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sequenced%20Facial%20Expression%0D%0ADataset." title=" Sequenced Facial Expression Dataset."> Sequenced Facial Expression Dataset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/facial-expression-phoenix-feph-an-annotated-sequenced-dataset-for-facial-and-emotion-specified-expressions-in-sign-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">719</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1003</span> The Effect of Ambient Occlusion Shading on Perception of Sign Language Animations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nicoletta%20Adamo-Villani">Nicoletta Adamo-Villani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joe%20Kasenga"> Joe Kasenga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tiffany%20Jen"> Tiffany Jen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bryan%20Colbourn"> Bryan Colbourn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of the study reported in the paper was to determine whether Ambient Occlusion Shading (AOS) has a significant effect on users' perception of American Sign Language (ASL) finger spelling animations. Seventy-one (71) subjects participated in the study; all subjects were fluent in ASL. The participants were asked to watch forty (40) sign language animation clips representing twenty (20) finger spelled words. Twenty (20) clips did not show ambient occlusion, whereas the other twenty (20) were rendered using ambient occlusion shading. After viewing each animation, subjects were asked to type the word being finger-spelled and rate its legibility. Findings show that the presence of AOS had a significant effect on the subjects perception of the signed words. Subjects were able to recognize the animated words rendered with AOS with higher level of accuracy, and the legibility ratings of the animations showing AOS were consistently higher across subjects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20Language" title="Sign Language">Sign Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Animation" title=" Animation"> Animation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ambient%20Occlusion%20Shading" title=" Ambient Occlusion Shading"> Ambient Occlusion Shading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Deaf%20Education" title=" Deaf Education"> Deaf Education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/the-effect-of-ambient-occlusion-shading-on-perception-of-sign-language-animations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1686</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1002</span> Video Quality Assessment using Visual Attention Approach for Sign Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Julia%20Kucerova">Julia Kucerova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jaroslav%20Polec"> Jaroslav Polec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Darina%20Tarcsiova"> Darina Tarcsiova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Visual information is very important in human perception of surrounding world. Video is one of the most common ways to capture visual information. The video capability has many benefits and can be used in various applications. For the most part, the video information is used to bring entertainment and help to relax, moreover, it can improve the quality of life of deaf people. Visual information is crucial for hearing impaired people, it allows them to communicate personally, using the sign language; some parts of the person being spoken to, are more important than others (e.g. hands, face). Therefore, the information about visually relevant parts of the image, allows us to design objective metric for this specific case. In this paper, we present an example of an objective metric based on human visual attention and detection of salient object in the observed scene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sign%20language" title="sign language">sign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=objective%20video%20quality" title=" objective video quality"> objective video quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=visual%20attention" title=" visual attention"> visual attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=saliency" title=" saliency"> saliency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/video-quality-assessment-using-visual-attention-approach-for-sign-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1001</span> Tree Sign Patterns of Small Order that Allow an Eventually Positive Matrix</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ber-Lin%20Yu">Ber-Lin Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jie%20Cui"> Jie Cui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hong%20Cheng"> Hong Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhengfeng%20Yu"> Zhengfeng Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sign pattern is a matrix whose entries belong to the set {+,−, 0}. An n-by-n sign pattern A is said to allow an eventually positive matrix if there exist some real matrices A with the same sign pattern as A and a positive integer k0 such that Ak > 0 for all k ≥ k0. It is well known that identifying and classifying the n-by-n sign patterns that allow an eventually positive matrix are posed as two open problems. In this article, the tree sign patterns of small order that allow an eventually positive matrix are classified completely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eventually%20positive%20matrix" title="Eventually positive matrix">Eventually positive matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sign%20pattern" title=" sign pattern"> sign pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tree." title=" tree."> tree.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/tree-sign-patterns-of-small-order-that-allow-an-eventually-positive-matrix" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1000</span> A Note on Potentially Power-Positive Sign Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ber-Lin%20Yu">Ber-Lin Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ting-Zhu%20Huang"> Ting-Zhu Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this note, some properties of potentially powerpositive sign patterns are established, and all the potentially powerpositive sign patterns of order ≤ 3 are classified completely.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20pattern" title="Sign pattern">Sign pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=potentially%20eventually%20positive%20sign%20pattern" title=" potentially eventually positive sign pattern"> potentially eventually positive sign pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=potentially%20power-positive%20sign%20pattern." title=" potentially power-positive sign pattern."> potentially power-positive sign pattern.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/a-note-on-potentially-power-positive-sign-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">999</span> Continuous Text Translation Using Text Modeling in the Thetos System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nina%20Suszczanska">Nina Suszczanska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Przemyslaw%20Szmal"> Przemyslaw Szmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slawomir%20Kulikow"> Slawomir Kulikow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the paper a method of modeling text for Polish is discussed. The method is aimed at transforming continuous input text into a text consisting of sentences in so called canonical form, whose characteristic is, among others, a complete structure as well as no anaphora or ellipses. The transformation is lossless as to the content of text being transformed. The modeling method has been worked out for the needs of the Thetos system, which translates Polish written texts into the Polish sign language. We believe that the method can be also used in various applications that deal with the natural language, e.g. in a text summary generator for Polish. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anaphora" title="anaphora">anaphora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=machine%20translation" title=" machine translation"> machine translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NLP" title=" NLP"> NLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sign%20language" title=" sign language"> sign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=text%20syntax." title="text syntax.">text syntax.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/continuous-text-translation-using-text-modeling-in-the-thetos-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">998</span> Key Frames Extraction for Sign Language Video Analysis and Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jaroslav%20Polec">Jaroslav Polec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Petra%20Heribanov%C3%A1"> Petra Heribanová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1%20Hirner"> Tomáš Hirner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we proposed a method for finding video frames representing one sign in the finger alphabet. The method is based on determining hands location, segmentation and the use of standard video quality evaluation metrics. Metric calculation is performed only in regions of interest. Sliding mechanism for finding local extrema and adaptive threshold based on local averaging is used for key frames selection. The success rate is evaluated by recall, precision and F1 measure. The method effectiveness is compared with metrics applied to all frames. Proposed method is fast, effective and relatively easy to realize by simple input video preprocessing and subsequent use of tools designed for video quality measuring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Key%20frame" title="Key frame">Key frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=video" title=" video"> video</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metric" title=" metric"> metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MSE" title=" MSE"> MSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MSAD" title=" MSAD"> MSAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SSIM" title=" SSIM"> SSIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=VQM" title=" VQM"> VQM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sign%20language" title=" sign language"> sign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=finger%20alphabet." title=" finger alphabet."> finger alphabet.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/key-frames-extraction-for-sign-language-video-analysis-and-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2032</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">997</span> A Preliminary Study on the Eventual Positivity of Irreducible Tridiagonal Sign Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Berlin%20Yu">Berlin Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Motivated by Berman et al. [Sign patterns that allow eventual positivity, ELA, 19(2010): 108-120], we concentrate on the potential eventual positivity of irreducible tridiagonal sign patterns. The minimal potential eventual positivity of irreducible tridiagonal sign patterns of order less than six is established, and all the minimal potentially eventually positive tridiagonal sign patterns of order · 5 are identified. Our results indicate that if an irreducible tridiagonal sign pattern of order less than six A is minimal potentially eventually positive, then A requires the eventual positivity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eventual%20positivity" title="Eventual positivity">Eventual positivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=potentially%20positive%20sign%20pattern" title=" potentially positive sign pattern"> potentially positive sign pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tridiagnoal%20sign%20pattern" title=" tridiagnoal sign pattern"> tridiagnoal sign pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=minimal%20potentially%20positive%20sign%20pattern." title=" minimal potentially positive sign pattern."> minimal potentially positive sign pattern.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/a-preliminary-study-on-the-eventual-positivity-of-irreducible-tridiagonal-sign-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">996</span> Some Results of Sign patterns Allowing Simultaneous Unitary Diagonalizability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xin-Lei%20Feng">Xin-Lei Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ting-Zhu%20Huang"> Ting-Zhu Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Allowing diagonalizability of sign pattern is still an open problem. In this paper, we make a carefully discussion about allowing unitary diagonalizability of two sign pattern. Some sufficient and necessary conditions of allowing unitary diagonalizability are also obtained.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20pattern" title="Sign pattern">Sign pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unitary%20diagonalizability" title=" unitary diagonalizability"> unitary diagonalizability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=eigenvalue" title=" eigenvalue"> eigenvalue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=allowing%20diagonalizability." title=" allowing diagonalizability."> allowing diagonalizability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/some-results-of-sign-patterns-allowing-simultaneous-unitary-diagonalizability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">995</span> Between Legal Authority and Epistemic Competence: A Case Study of the Brazilian Supreme Court </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J%C3%BAlia%20Massadas">Júlia Massadas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of this paper is to analyze the role played by the institute of the public hearings in the Brazilian Supreme Court. The public hearings are regulated since 1999 by the Brazilian Laws nº 9.868, nº 9.882 and by the Intern Regiment of the Brazilian Supreme Court. According to this legislation, the public hearings are supposed to be called when a matter of circumstance of fact must be clarified, what can be done through the hearing of the testimonies of persons with expertise and authority in the theme related to the cause. This work aims to investigate what is the role played by the public hearings and by the experts in the Brazilian Supreme Court. The hypothesis of this research is that: (I) The public hearings in the Brazilian Supreme Court are used to uphold a rhetoric of a democratic legitimacy of the Court`s decisions; (II) The Legislative intentions have been distorted. To test this hypothesis, the adopted methodology involves an empirical study of the Brazilian jurisprudence. As a conclusion, it follows that the public hearings convened by the Brazilian Supreme Court do not correspond, in practice, to the role assigned to them by the Congress since they do not serve properly to epistemic interests. The public hearings not only do not legitimate democratically the decisions, but also, do not properly clarify technical issues.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brazilian%20Supreme%20Court" title="Brazilian Supreme Court">Brazilian Supreme Court</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=constitutional%20law" title=" constitutional law"> constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=public%20hearings" title=" public hearings"> public hearings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=epistemic%20competence" title=" epistemic competence"> epistemic competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=legal%20authority." title=" legal authority. "> legal authority. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/between-legal-authority-and-epistemic-competence-a-case-study-of-the-brazilian-supreme-court" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">994</span> Construction Methods for Sign Patterns Allowing Nilpotence of Index k</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jun%20Luo">Jun Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, the smallest such integer k is called by the index (of nilpotence) of B such that Bk = 0. In this paper, we study sign patterns allowing nilpotence of index k and obtain four methods to construct sign patterns allowing nilpotence of index at most k, which generalizes some recent results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20pattern" title="Sign pattern">Sign pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nilpotence" title=" Nilpotence"> Nilpotence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jordan%20block." title=" Jordan block."> Jordan block.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/construction-methods-for-sign-patterns-allowing-nilpotence-of-index-k" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1651</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">993</span> A Fast Sign Localization System Using Discriminative Color Invariant Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.P.%20Nguyen">G.P. Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.J.%20Andersen"> H.J. Andersen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building intelligent traffic guide systems has been an interesting subject recently. A good system should be able to observe all important visual information to be able to analyze the context of the scene. To do so, signs in general, and traffic signs in particular, are usually taken into account as they contain rich information to these systems. Therefore, many researchers have put an effort on sign recognition field. Sign localization or sign detection is the most important step in the sign recognition process. This step filters out non informative area in the scene, and locates candidates in later steps. In this paper, we apply a new approach in detecting sign locations using a new color invariant model. Experiments are carried out with different datasets introduced in other works where authors claimed the difficulty in detecting signs under unfavorable imaging conditions. Our method is simple, fast and most importantly it gives a high detection rate in locating signs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20localization" title="Sign localization">Sign localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=color-based%20segmentation." title=" color-based segmentation."> color-based segmentation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/a-fast-sign-localization-system-using-discriminative-color-invariant-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">992</span> Effect of Visual Speech in Sign Speech Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zdenek%20Krnoul">Zdenek Krnoul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This article investigates a contribution of synthesized visual speech. Synthesis of visual speech expressed by a computer consists in an animation in particular movements of lips. Visual speech is also necessary part of the non-manual component of a sign language. Appropriate methodology is proposed to determine the quality and the accuracy of synthesized visual speech. Proposed methodology is inspected on Czech speech. Hence, this article presents a procedure of recording of speech data in order to set a synthesis system as well as to evaluate synthesized speech. Furthermore, one option of the evaluation process is elaborated in the form of a perceptual test. This test procedure is verified on the measured data with two settings of the synthesis system. The results of the perceptual test are presented as a statistically significant increase of intelligibility evoked by real and synthesized visual speech. Now, the aim is to show one part of evaluation process which leads to more comprehensive evaluation of the sign speech synthesis system.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Perception%20test" title="Perception test">Perception test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20speech%20synthesis" title=" Sign speech synthesis"> Sign speech synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Talking%20head" title=" Talking head"> Talking head</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Visual%20speech." title=" Visual speech."> Visual speech.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/effect-of-visual-speech-in-sign-speech-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">991</span> Brazilian Environmental Public Policies Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Estela%20Macedo%20Alves">Estela Macedo Alves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper is an overview on public policy analysis focused on the study of Brazilian public policy making process. The methodology is based on the review of some theories on the subject, linking them to Brazilian reality. The study presents basic policy analysis concepts, such as policy, polity and politics. It is emphasized John Kingdon's Multiple Stream Model, because of its clarifying aspects concerning public policies formulation process in democratic countries. In this path it was possible to establish interpretations on environmental public policies in Brazil and understand its methods, instead of presenting only a case study. At the end, it is possible to connect theory with Brazilian reality, identifying negative and positive points of its political processes and structure.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brazilian%20policies" title="Brazilian policies">Brazilian policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmental%20public%20policy" title=" environmental public policy"> environmental public policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiple%20stream%20model" title=" multiple stream model"> multiple stream model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=public%20policy%20analysis." title=" public policy analysis."> public policy analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/brazilian-environmental-public-policies-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">990</span> Extracting Road Signs using the Color Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wen-Yen%20Wu">Wen-Yen Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tsung-Cheng%20Hsieh"> Tsung-Cheng Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ching-Sung%20Lai"> Ching-Sung Lai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a method to extract the road signs. Firstly, the grabbed image is converted into the HSV color space to detect the road signs. Secondly, the morphological operations are used to reduce noise. Finally, extract the road sign using the geometric property. The feature extraction of road sign is done by using the color information. The proposed method has been tested for the real situations. From the experimental results, it is seen that the proposed method can extract the road sign features effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Color%20information" title="Color information">Color information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=road%20sign." title=" road sign."> road sign.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/extracting-road-signs-using-the-color-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">989</span> Sign Pattern Matrices that Admit P0 Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ling%20Zhang">Ling Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ting-Zhu%20Huang"> Ting-Zhu Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A P0-matrix is a real square matrix all of whose principle minors are nonnegative. In this paper, we consider the class of P0-matrix. Our main aim is to determine which sign pattern matrices are admissible for this class of real matrices.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sign%20pattern%20matrices" title="Sign pattern matrices">Sign pattern matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P0%20matrices" title=" P0 matrices"> P0 matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=graph" title=" graph"> graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=digraph." title=" digraph."> digraph.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/sign-pattern-matrices-that-admit-p0-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">988</span> 3D Rendering of American Sign Language Finger-Spelling: A Comparative Study of Two Animation Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nicoletta%20Adamo-Villani">Nicoletta Adamo-Villani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we report a study aimed at determining the most effective animation technique for representing ASL (American Sign Language) finger-spelling. Specifically, in the study we compare two commonly used 3D computer animation methods (keyframe animation and motion capture) in order to ascertain which technique produces the most 'accurate', 'readable', and 'close to actual signing' (i.e. realistic) rendering of ASL finger-spelling. To accomplish this goal we have developed 20 animated clips of fingerspelled words and we have designed an experiment consisting of a web survey with rating questions. 71 subjects ages 19-45 participated in the study. Results showed that recognition of the words was correlated with the method used to animate the signs. In particular, keyframe technique produced the most accurate representation of the signs (i.e., participants were more likely to identify the words correctly in keyframed sequences rather than in motion captured ones). Further, findings showed that the animation method had an effect on the reported scores for readability and closeness to actual signing; the estimated marginal mean readability and closeness was greater for keyframed signs than for motion captured signs. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at measuring and comparing accuracy, readability and realism of ASL animations produced with different techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20Animation" title="3D Animation">3D Animation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=American%20Sign%20Language" title=" American Sign Language"> American Sign Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DeafEducation" title=" DeafEducation"> DeafEducation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Motion%20Capture." title=" Motion Capture."> Motion Capture.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/3d-rendering-of-american-sign-language-finger-spelling-a-comparative-study-of-two-animation-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1998</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">987</span> Hand Gesture Interpretation Using Sensing Glove Integrated with Machine Learning Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aqsa%20Ali">Aqsa Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aleem%20Mushtaq"> Aleem Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Attaullah%20Memon"> Attaullah Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Monna"> Monna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a low cost design for a smart glove that can perform sign language recognition to assist the speech impaired people. Specifically, we have designed and developed an Assistive Hand Gesture Interpreter that recognizes hand movements relevant to the American Sign Language (ASL) and translates them into text for display on a Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (<em>TFT</em> LCD) screen as well as synthetic speech. Linear Bayes Classifiers and Multilayer Neural Networks have been used to classify 11 feature vectors obtained from the sensors on the glove into one of the 27 ASL alphabets and a predefined gesture for space. Three types of features are used; bending using six bend sensors, orientation in three dimensions using accelerometers and contacts at vital points using contact sensors. To gauge the performance of the presented design, the training database was prepared using five volunteers. The accuracy of the current version on the prepared dataset was found to be up to 99.3% for target user. The solution combines electronics, e-textile technology, sensor technology, embedded system and machine learning techniques to build a low cost wearable glove that is scrupulous, elegant and portable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=American%20sign%20language" title="American sign language">American sign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=assistive%20hand%20gesture%20interpreter" title=" assistive hand gesture interpreter"> assistive hand gesture interpreter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=human-machine%20interface" title=" human-machine interface"> human-machine interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sensing%20glove." title=" sensing glove."> sensing glove.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/hand-gesture-interpretation-using-sensing-glove-integrated-with-machine-learning-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">986</span> Hand Gesture Detection via EmguCV Canny Pruning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20N.%20Mosola">N. N. Mosola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20J.%20Molete"> S. J. Molete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20S.%20Masoebe"> L. S. Masoebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Letsae"> M. Letsae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Hand gesture recognition is a technique used to locate, detect, and recognize a hand gesture. Detection and recognition are concepts of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI concepts are applicable in Human Computer Interaction (HCI), Expert systems (ES), etc. Hand gesture recognition can be used in sign language interpretation. Sign language is a visual communication tool. This tool is used mostly by deaf societies and those with speech disorder. Communication barriers exist when societies with speech disorder interact with others. This research aims to build a hand recognition system for Lesotho’s Sesotho and English language interpretation. The system will help to bridge the communication problems encountered by the mentioned societies. The system has various processing modules. The modules consist of a hand detection engine, image processing engine, feature extraction, and sign recognition. Detection is a process of identifying an object. The proposed system uses Canny pruning Haar and Haarcascade detection algorithms. Canny pruning implements the Canny edge detection. This is an optimal image processing algorithm. It is used to detect edges of an object. The system employs a skin detection algorithm. The skin detection performs background subtraction, computes the convex hull, and the centroid to assist in the detection process. Recognition is a process of gesture classification. Template matching classifies each hand gesture in real-time. The system was tested using various experiments. The results obtained show that time, distance, and light are factors that affect the rate of detection and ultimately recognition. Detection rate is directly proportional to the distance of the hand from the camera. Different lighting conditions were considered. The more the light intensity, the faster the detection rate. Based on the results obtained from this research, the applied methodologies are efficient and provide a plausible solution towards a light-weight, inexpensive system which can be used for sign language interpretation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Canny%20pruning" title="Canny pruning">Canny pruning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hand%20recognition" title=" hand recognition"> hand recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=skin%20tracking." title=" skin tracking. "> skin tracking. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/hand-gesture-detection-via-emgucv-canny-pruning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">985</span> Solving Definition and Relation Problems in English Navigation Terminology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ay%C5%9Fe%20Yurdakul">Ayşe Yurdakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eckehard%20Schnieder"> Eckehard Schnieder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-GB">Because of the increasing multidisciplinarity and multilinguality, communication problems in different technical fields grow more and more. Therefore, each technical field has its own specific language, terminology which is characterized by the different definition of terms. In addition to definition problems, there are also relation problems between terms. Among these problems of relation, there are the synonymy, antonymy, hypernymy/hyponymy, ambiguity, risk of confusion and translation problems etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="Abstract" style="margin-top:0cm;text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-GB">Thus, the<i> </i>terminology management system <i>iglos </i>of the Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering of the Technische Universität Braunschweig has the target to solve these problems by a methodological standardisation of term definitions with the aid of the<i> iglos</i> sign model and <i>iglos</i> relation types. The focus of this paper should be on solving definition and relation problems between terms in English navigation terminology.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iglos" title="Iglos">Iglos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=iglos%20sign%20model" title=" iglos sign model"> iglos sign model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=methodological%20resolutions" title=" methodological resolutions"> methodological resolutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=navigation%20terminology" title=" navigation terminology"> navigation terminology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=common%20language" title=" common language"> common language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=technical%20language" title=" technical language"> technical language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=positioning" title=" positioning"> positioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=definition%20problems" title=" definition problems"> definition problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=relation%20problems." title=" relation problems."> relation problems.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/solving-definition-and-relation-problems-in-english-navigation-terminology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1660</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">984</span> Contributions of Non-Formal Educational Spaces for the Scientific Literacy of Deaf Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rafael%20Dias%20Silva">Rafael Dias Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The school is a social institution that should promote learning situations that remain throughout life. Based on this, the teaching activities promoted in museum spaces can represent an educational strategy that contributes to the learning process in a more meaningful way. This article systematizes a series of elements that guide the use of these spaces for the scientific literacy of deaf students and as experiences of this nature are favorable for the school development through the concept of the circularity. The methodology for the didactic use of these spaces of non-formal education is one of the reflections developed in this study and how such environments can contribute to the learning in the classroom. To develop in the student the idea of association making him create connections with the curricular proposal and notice how the proposed activity is articulated. It is in our interest that the experience lived in the museum be shared collaborating for the construction of a scientific literacy and cultural identity through the research.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Accessibility%20in%20museums" title="Accessibility in museums">Accessibility in museums</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brazilian%20sign%20language" title=" Brazilian sign language"> Brazilian sign language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=deaf%20students" title=" deaf students"> deaf students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=teacher%20training." title=" teacher training."> teacher training.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/contributions-of-non-formal-educational-spaces-for-the-scientific-literacy-of-deaf-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">809</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">983</span> Segmentation of Korean Words on Korean Road Signs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lae-Jeong%20Park">Lae-Jeong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kyusoo%20Chung"> Kyusoo Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jungho%20Moon"> Jungho Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces an effective method of segmenting Korean text (place names in Korean) from a Korean road sign image. A Korean advanced directional road sign is composed of several types of visual information such as arrows, place names in Korean and English, and route numbers. Automatic classification of the visual information and extraction of Korean place names from the road sign images make it possible to avoid a lot of manual inputs to a database system for management of road signs nationwide. We propose a series of problem-specific heuristics that correctly segments Korean place names, which is the most crucial information, from the other information by leaving out non-text information effectively. The experimental results with a dataset of 368 road sign images show 96% of the detection rate per Korean place name and 84% per road sign image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Segmentation" title="Segmentation">Segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=road%20signs" title=" road signs"> road signs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=characters" title=" characters"> characters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=classification." title=" classification."> classification.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/segmentation-of-korean-words-on-korean-road-signs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2750</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">982</span> Working Memory Capacity in Australian Sign Language (Auslan)/English Interpreters and Deaf Signers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jihong%20Wang">Jihong Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Little research has examined working memory capacity (WMC) in signed language interpreters and deaf signers. This paper presents the findings of a study that investigated WMC in professional Australian Sign Language (Auslan)/English interpreters and deaf signers. Thirty-one professional Auslan/English interpreters (14 hearing native signers and 17 hearing non-native signers) completed an English listening span task and then an Auslan working memory span task, which tested their English WMC and their Auslan WMC, respectively. Moreover, 26 deaf signers (6 deaf native signers and 20 deaf non-native signers) completed the Auslan working memory span task. The results revealed a non-significant difference between the hearing native signers and the hearing non-native signers in their English WMC, and a non-significant difference between the hearing native signers and the hearing non-native signers in their Auslan WMC. Moreover, the results yielded a non-significant difference between the hearing native signers- English WMC and their Auslan WMC, and a non-significant difference between the hearing non-native signers- English WMC and their Auslan WMC. Furthermore, a non-significant difference was found between the deaf native signers and the deaf non-native signers in their Auslan WMC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=deaf%20signers" title="deaf signers">deaf signers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=signed%20language%20interpreters" title=" signed language interpreters"> signed language interpreters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=working%0Amemory%20capacity" title=" working memory capacity"> working memory capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/working-memory-capacity-in-australian-sign-language-auslanenglish-interpreters-and-deaf-signers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">981</span> The Sign in the Communication Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Pesina">S. Pesina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Solonchak"> T. Solonchak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the process of information transmission (concept verbalization) we deal mostly with the substance (contents), and then pay attention to the form. Recalling events from the remote past, often we cannot exactly reproduce specific heard or pronounced words, as well as the syntactic structures. We remember events, feelings, images; we recall the general contents of the discourse. The thought gets a specific language form only during the concept verbalization phase. With minimum time for pondering, depending on the language competence level, the grammar and syntactic shaping often occurs automatically with the use of famous models and stereotypes. This means that the language form adapts itself to the consciousness, and not vice versa.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lexical%20eidos" title="Lexical eidos">Lexical eidos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phenomenology" title=" phenomenology"> phenomenology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=noema" title=" noema"> noema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polysemantic%20word" title=" polysemantic word"> polysemantic word</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=semantic%20core." title=" semantic core."> semantic core.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/the-sign-in-the-communication-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1942</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">980</span> Internationalization and Multilingualism in Brazil: Possibilities of Content and Language Integrated Learning and Intercomprehension Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kyria%20Rebeca%20Finardi">Kyria Rebeca Finardi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The study discusses the role of foreign languages in general and of English in particular in the process of internationalization of higher education (IHE), defined as the intentional integration of an international, intercultural or global dimension in the purpose, function or offer of higher education. The study is bibliographical and offers a brief outline of the current political, economic and educational scenarios in Brazil, before discussing some possibilities and challenges for the development of multilingualism and IHE there. The theoretical background includes a review of Brazilian language and internationalization policies. The review and discussion concludes that the use of the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach and the Intercomprehension approach to foreign language teaching/learning are relevant alternatives to foster multilingualism in that context.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=internationalization" title=" internationalization"> internationalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multilingualism." title=" multilingualism. 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