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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مرکزی مینو</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ویکی پیمائی </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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mw-portlet-interaction-desc" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> تعامل </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF"><span>ویکیپیڈیا پر آغاز کریں</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ویکیپیڈیا کا استعمال اور ترمیم سے متعلق رہنمائی"><span>معاونت</span></a></li><li id="n-diwanaam" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85"><span>دیوان عام</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ویکی میں حالیہ تبدیلیوں کی فہرست [r]" accesskey="r"><span>حالیہ 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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ur.svg" style="width: 5.4375em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="آزاد دائرۃ المعارف" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ur.svg" width="86" height="16" style="width: 5.375em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ویکیپیڈیا میں تلاش کریں [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>تلاش</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance 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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82" title="کھاتہ بنانے یا اس میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں" class=""><span>کھاتہ بنائیں</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>داخل ہوں</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="مزید اختیارات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ذاتی آلات" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ذاتی آلات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ur.wikipedia.org&uselang=ur"><span>عطیہ دیجیے</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82" title="کھاتہ بنانے یا اس میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>کھاتہ بنائیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>داخل ہوں</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="ترمیم کاری کے متعلق مزید تفصیلات"><span>مزید تفصیلات</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="اس آئی پی پتے سے انجام دی جانے والی تمام ترامیم کی فہرست [y]" accesskey="y"><span>شراکتیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس آئی پی پتے کی ترامیم سے متعلق گفتگو [n]" accesskey="n"><span>تبادلۂ خیال</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ویب گاہ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مندرجات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مندرجات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دیباچہ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-حوالہ_جات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالہ_جات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>حوالہ جات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالہ_جات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مندرجات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="فہرست عناوین دیکھیں" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">فہرست عناوین دیکھیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">اختناق</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 زبانیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اختناق – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اختناق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اختناق – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اختناق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia – انگریزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Asphyxia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگریزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samana_llupht%27ata" title="Samana llupht'ata – ایمارا" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Samana llupht'ata" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ایمارا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksiya" title="Asfiksiya – آذربائیجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Asfiksiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آذربائیجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Асфіксія – بیلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асфіксія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بیلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Асфиксия – بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Асфиксия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asf%C3%ADxia" title="Asfíxia – کیٹالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Asfíxia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کیٹالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1en%C3%AD_(medic%C3%ADna)" title="Dušení (medicína) – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dušení (medicína)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C3%A6lning" title="Kvælning – ڈینش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvælning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڈینش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxie" title="Asphyxie – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Asphyxie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mbumine" title="Lämbumine – اسٹونین" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lämbumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="اسٹونین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ασφυξία – یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ασφυξία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfixia" title="Asfixia – ہسپانوی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asfixia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ہسپانوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksio" title="Asfiksio – ایسپرانٹو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Asfiksio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ایسپرانٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfixia" title="Asfixia – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Asfixia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxie" title="Asphyxie – فرانسیسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Asphyxie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisficse" title="Aisficse – آئرش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aisficse" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="آئرش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%8B%9D" title="질식 – کوریائی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="질식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B6%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Շնչահեղձություն – آرمینیائی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շնչահեղձություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7" title="श्वासावरोध – ہندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="श्वासावरोध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ہندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksija" title="Asfiksija – کراتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Asfiksija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksia" title="Asfiksia – انڈونیثیائی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asfiksia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڈونیثیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%E1%B8%B7aki%E1%B8%B7%E1%B8%B7iuli%C4%A1%C3%B1iq" title="Siḷakiḷḷiuliġñiq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Siḷakiḷḷiuliġñiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfissia" title="Asfissia – اطالوی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Asfissia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%A7_(%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94)" title="חנק (רפואה) – عبرانی" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חנק (רפואה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبرانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ასფიქსია – جارجیائی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასფიქსია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%83" title="Тұншығу – قزاخ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұншығу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاخ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Асфиксия – کرغیزی" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Асфиксия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغیزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosmak%C5%A1ana" title="Nosmakšana – لیٹوین" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nosmakšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لیٹوین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%BEdusimas" title="Uždusimas – لیتھوینین" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Uždusimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتھوینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aszfixia" title="Aszfixia – ہنگیرین" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aszfixia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ہنگیرین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksia" title="Asfiksia – مالے" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asfiksia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verstikking" title="Verstikking – ڈچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verstikking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्फिक्सिया – نیواری" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एस्फिक्सिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نیواری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E6%81%AF" title="窒息 – جاپانی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="窒息" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfyksi" title="Asfyksi – نارویجین بوکمل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Asfyksi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارویجین بوکمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksiya" title="Asfiksiya – ازبیک" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asfiksiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksja" title="Asfiksja – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Asfiksja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfixia" title="Asfixia – پُرتگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Asfixia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پُرتگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfixie" title="Asfixie – رومینین" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Asfixie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Асфиксия – روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Асфиксия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksi" title="Asfiksi – البانی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Asfiksi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="البانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Asphyxia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusenie_(ned%C3%BDchanie)" title="Dusenie (nedýchanie) – سلوواک" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dusenie (nedýchanie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خنکان – سینٹرل کردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خنکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="سینٹرل کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Гушење – سربین" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гушење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfyksia" title="Asfyksia – فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Asfyksia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C3%A4vning" title="Kvävning – سویڈش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvävning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویڈش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Буылу – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Буылу" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88" title="ภาวะขาดอากาศหายใจ – تھائی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาวะขาดอากาศหายใจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تھائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asfiksi" title="Asfiksi – ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Asfiksi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Асфіксія – یوکرینیائی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Асфіксія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="یوکرینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BA%A1t" title="Ngạt – ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngạt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E6%81%AF" title="窒息 – کینٹونیز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="窒息" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کینٹونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E6%81%AF" title="窒息 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="窒息" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193840#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ترمیم بین اللسانی روابط" class="wbc-editpage">ترمیم روابط</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="فضائے نام"> <div 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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit" title="اس صفحے کے سورس کوڈ میں ترمیم کریں [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ترمیم</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&action=history" title="اس صفحہ کے سابقہ نسخے [h]" accesskey="h"><span>تاریخچہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="آلات" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">آلات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">آلات</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> اقدامات </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82"><span>مطالعہ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit" title="اس صفحے کے سورس کوڈ میں ترمیم کریں [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ترمیم</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&action=history"><span>تاریخچہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمومی </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اُن تمام ویکی صفحات کی فہرست جو اس صفحہ سے مربوط ہیں [j]" accesskey="j"><span>مربوط صفحات</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82" rel="nofollow" title="اِس صفحہ سے مربوط صفحات میں حالیہ تبدیلیاں [k]" accesskey="k"><span>متعلقہ تبدیلیاں</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جملہ خصوصی صفحات کی فہرست [q]" accesskey="q"><span>خصوصی صفحات</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&oldid=5057980" title="صفحہ کے اس نسخہ کا مستقل ربط"><span>مستقل ربط</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&action=info" title="اس صفحہ کے بارے میں مزید معلومات"><span>معلومات صفحہ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81&page=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&id=5057980&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="اس صفحہ کا حوالہ دینے کا طریقہ"><span>مضمون کا حوالہ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%81&url=https%3A%2F%2Fur.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582"><span>مختصر یوآرایل</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#ccc">اختناق<br />Asphyxia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">مترادفات</th><td>خنق</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Image943-knee_mount.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Image943-knee_mount.jpg/300px-Image943-knee_mount.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Image943-knee_mount.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knee-on-belly_position&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knee-on-belly position (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">knee-on-belly position</a> compresses the chest, making it difficult for the person on the bottom to <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3" title="تنفس">تنفس</a>e.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5_(%D8%B7%D8%A8)" title="اختصاص (طب)">اختصاص</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critical_care_medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critical care medicine (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Critical care medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">تعدد</th><td>9.8 ملین غیر ارادی (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_1-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">اموات</th><td>35,600 (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015De_2-0" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015De-2">[2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: lefy;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193840" class="extiw" title="d:Q193840">ویکی ڈیٹا پر ترمیم کریں</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>اختناق</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انگریزی زبان">انگریزی</a>: Asphyxia) بدن میں <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="آکسیجن">تیزابساز</a> (oxygen) کی کمی یا <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88" class="mw-redirect" title="کاربن ڈائی آکسا ئیڈ">کاربن ڈائی آکسا ئیڈ</a> کی زیادتی سے پیدا ہو جانے والی کیفیت ہے جو <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3" title="تنفس">تنفس</a> میں خلل کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتی ہے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالہ_جات"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.81_.D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>حوالہ جات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&action=edit&section=1" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: حوالہ جات"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4721619">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GBD2015Pre-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Collaborators. GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence (8 October 2016)۔ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055577">"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015."</a>۔ Lancet (London, England)۔ <b>388</b> (10053): 1545–1602۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ببمد سنترال (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055577">5055577</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="يمكن الوصول إليها بحرية"><img alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ببمد (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733282">27733282</a>۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2816%2931678-6">10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6</a></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&rft.atitle=Global%2C+regional%2C+and+national+incidence%2C+prevalence%2C+and+years+lived+with+disability+for+310+diseases+and+injuries%2C+1990-2015%3A+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study+2015.&rft.aufirst=Collaborators.&rft.aulast=GBD+2015+Disease+and+Injury+Incidence+and+Prevalence&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=10053&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.pages=1545-1602&rft.volume=388&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5055577&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5055577&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2816%2931678-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27733282&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6342468">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-right:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBD2015De-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GBD2015De_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Collaborators. GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death (8 October 2016)۔ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903">"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015."</a>۔ Lancet (London, England)۔ <b>388</b> (10053): 1459–1544۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ببمد سنترال (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903">5388903</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="يمكن الوصول إليها بحرية"><img alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>۔ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ببمد (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733281">27733281</a>۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2816%2931012-1">10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1</a></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82&rft.atitle=Global%2C+regional%2C+and+national+life+expectancy%2C+all-cause+mortality%2C+and+cause-specific+mortality+for+249+causes+of+death%2C+1980-2015%3A+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study+2015.&rft.aufirst=Collaborators.&rft.aulast=GBD+2015+Mortality+and+Causes+of+Death&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=10053&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.pages=1459-1544&rft.volume=388&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5388903&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5388903&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2816%2931012-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27733281&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6342468"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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