SP 800-183, Networks of 'Things'

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/183/final","20231208225341","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1702076021"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>SP 800-183, Networks of 'Things' | CSRC</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="content-style-type" content="text/css"/> <meta http-equiv="content-script-type" content="text/javascript"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/browserconfig.xml"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="xbrnrVYDgLD-Bd64xHLCt4XsPXzUhQ-4lGMj4TdUUTA"/> <meta description="System primitives allow formalisms, reasoning, simulations, and reliability and security risk-tradeoffs to be formulated and argued. In this work, five core primitives belonging to most distributed systems are presented. These primitives apply well to systems with large amounts of data, scalability concerns, heterogeneity concerns, temporal concerns, and elements of unknown pedigree with possible nefarious intent. These primitives are the basic building blocks for a Network of ‘Things’ (NoT), including the Internet of Things (IoT). This document offers an underlying and foundational understanding of IoT based on the realization that IoT involves sensing, computing, communication, and actuation. The material presented here is generic to all distributed systems that employ IoT technologies (i.e., ‘things’ and networks). The expected audience is computer scientists, IT managers, networking specialists, and networking and cloud computing software engineers. To our knowledge, the ideas and the manner in which IoT is presented here is unique."/>  <meta name="dcterms.title" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-183, Networks of 'Things'"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="System primitives allow formalisms, reasoning, simulations, and reliability and security risk-tradeoffs to be formulated and argued. In this work, five core primitives belonging to most distributed systems are presented. These primitives apply well to systems with large amounts of data, scalability concerns, heterogeneity concerns, temporal concerns, and elements of unknown pedigree with possible nefarious intent. These primitives are the basic building blocks for a Network of ‘Things’ (NoT), including the Internet of Things (IoT). This document offers an underlying and foundational understanding of IoT based on the realization that IoT involves sensing, computing, communication, and actuation. The material presented here is generic to all distributed systems that employ IoT technologies (i.e., ‘things’ and networks). The expected audience is computer scientists, IT managers, networking specialists, and networking and cloud computing software engineers. To our knowledge, the ideas and the manner in which IoT is presented here is unique."/>  <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Author: Jeffrey Voas (NIST)"/>  <meta name="dcterms.date.created" schema="ISO8601" content="2016-07-28"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/183/final"/> <meta name="dcterms.language" scheme="DCTERMS.RFC1766" content="EN-US"/>  <meta name="citation_title" content="Networks of 'Things'"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2016/07/28"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-183"/> <meta name="citation_technical_report_number" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-183"/> <meta name="citation_technical_report_institution" content="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Internet of Things (IoT),Network of Things (NoT),reliability,security,trust,trustworthiness, sensors,big data,composability,distributed system"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-183"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/183/final"/>  <meta name="citation_author" content="Voas, Jeffrey"/>  <meta name="og:site_name" content="CSRC | NIST"/> <meta name="og:type" content="article"/> <meta name="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/183/final"/> <meta name="og:title" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-183, Networks of 'Things'"/> <meta name="og:description" content="System primitives allow formalisms, reasoning, simulations, and reliability and security risk-tradeoffs to be formulated and argued. In this work, five core primitives belonging to most distributed systems are presented. These primitives apply well to systems with large amounts of data, scalability concerns, heterogeneity concerns, temporal concerns, and elements of unknown pedigree with possible nefarious intent. These primitives are the basic building blocks for a Network of ‘Things’ (NoT), including the Internet of Things (IoT). This document offers an underlying and foundational understanding of IoT based on the realization that IoT involves sensing, computing, communication, and actuation. The material presented here is generic to all distributed systems that employ IoT technologies (i.e., ‘things’ and networks). The expected audience is computer scientists, IT managers, networking specialists, and networking and cloud computing software engineers. To our knowledge, the ideas..."/> <meta name="article:author" content="Voas, Jeffrey"/> <meta name="article:tag" content="Internet of Things (IoT),Network of Things (NoT),reliability,security,trust,trustworthiness, sensors,big data,composability,distributed system"/> <meta name="article:published_time" content="2016-07-28"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/web/20231208225341im_/http://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/web/20231208225341im_/http://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/web/20231208225341im_/http://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/web/20231208225341/http://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/manifest.json"/> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/web/20231208225341im_/http://csrc.nist.gov/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#000000"/> <link href="/web/20231208225341im_/http://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"/> <link href="/web/20231208225341im_/http://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="icon"/> <link href="/web/20231208225341cs_/http://csrc.nist.gov/dist/app.css" rel="stylesheet"/>  <style> .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden; } </style> <script async type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341js_/https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=nist&subagency=csrc&pua=UA-66610693-15&yt=true&exts=xsd,xml,wav,mpg,mpeg,avi,rtf,webm,ogg,ogv,oga,map,otf,eot,svg,ttf,woff"></script> <style id="antiClickjackCss"> body > * { display: none !important; } #antiClickjack { display: block !important; } </style> <noscript> <style id="antiClickjackNoScript"> body > * { display: block !important; } #antiClickjack { display: none !important; } </style> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="antiClickjackScript"> if (self === top) { // no clickjacking var antiClickjack = document.getElementById("antiClickjackCss"); antiClickjack.parentNode.removeChild(antiClickjack); } else { setTimeout(tryForward(), 5000); } function tryForward() { top.location = self.location; } </script>  <script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TSQ0PLGJZP"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-TSQ0PLGJZP'); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MZQC4NCJ');</script>  </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MZQC4NCJ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="antiClickjack" style="display: none;"> <strong style="font-size: 1.6rem;">You are viewing this page in an unauthorized frame window.</strong> <p>This is a potential security issue, you are being redirected to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/https://csrc.nist.gov/">https://csrc.nist.gov</a>.</p> </div> <section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion container"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <noscript> <p style="font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: bold;">You have JavaScript disabled. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fcsrc.nist.gov%2Fpubs%2Fsp%2F800%2F183%2Ffinal" class="social-facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcsrc.nist.gov%2Fpubs%2Fsp%2F800%2F183%2Ffinal" class="social-twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to Twitter</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcsrc.nist.gov%2Fpubs%2Fsp%2F800%2F183%2Ffinal&source=csrc.nist.gov" class="social-linked-in"><i class="fa fa-linkedin fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/mailto:/?subject=csrc.nist.gov&body=Check out this site https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/183/final" class="social-email"><i class="fa fa-envelope fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share ia Email</span></a> </div> <p class="hidden-lg hidden-md">     <a href="#pubs-documentation" class="btn btn-lg btn-info" id="pub-topics-anchor-sm">Documentation</a>     <a href="#pubs-topics" class="btn btn-lg btn-info" id="pub-topics-anchor-sm">Topics</a> </p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12 publication-panel"> <p> <strong>Date Published:</strong> <span id="pub-release-date" data-date-type="citation">July 2016</span><br/> </p> <h4>Author(s)</h4> <p id="pub-authors-container" data-total="1"> <span id="pub-author-0">Jeffrey Voas (NIST)</span> </p> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-success pub-abstract-callout"> <h4 id="pubs-abstract-header">Abstract</h4> <div class="hidden-sm hidden-xs hidden-xxs" id="pub-detail-abstract-info"><p>System primitives allow formalisms, reasoning, simulations, and reliability and security risk-tradeoffs to be formulated and argued. In this work, five core primitives belonging to most distributed systems are presented. These primitives apply well to systems with large amounts of data, scalability concerns, heterogeneity concerns, temporal concerns, and elements of unknown pedigree with possible nefarious intent.  These primitives are the basic building blocks for a Network of ‘Things’ (NoT), including the Internet of Things (IoT).  This document offers an underlying and foundational understanding of IoT based on the realization that IoT involves sensing, computing, communication, and actuation. The material presented here is generic to all distributed systems that employ IoT technologies (i.e., ‘things’ and networks). The expected audience is computer scientists, IT managers, networking specialists, and networking and cloud computing software engineers. To our knowledge, the ideas and the manner in which IoT is presented here is unique.</p></div> <div class="hidden-lg hidden-md"> <div id="pub-detail-abstract-min"> System primitives allow formalisms, reasoning, simulations, and reliability and security risk-tradeoffs to be formulated and argued. In this work, five core primitives belonging to most distributed systems are presented. These primitives apply well to systems with large amounts of data, scalability... <a href="#pubs-abstract-header" id="pub-detail-abs-show">See full abstract</a> </div> <div id="pub-detail-abstract-all" style="display: none;"> <p>System primitives allow formalisms, reasoning, simulations, and reliability and security risk-tradeoffs to be formulated and argued. In this work, five core primitives belonging to most distributed systems are presented. These primitives apply well to systems with large amounts of data, scalability concerns, heterogeneity concerns, temporal concerns, and elements of unknown pedigree with possible nefarious intent.  These primitives are the basic building blocks for a Network of ‘Things’ (NoT), including the Internet of Things (IoT).  This document offers an underlying and foundational understanding of IoT based on the realization that IoT involves sensing, computing, communication, and actuation. The material presented here is generic to all distributed systems that employ IoT technologies (i.e., ‘things’ and networks). The expected audience is computer scientists, IT managers, networking specialists, and networking and cloud computing software engineers. To our knowledge, the ideas and the manner in which IoT is presented here is unique.</p><br/> <a href="#pubs-abstract-header" id="pub-detail-abs-hide">Hide full abstract</a> </div> </div> <h4>Keywords</h4> <span id="pub-keywords-container" data-total="9"> <span id="pub-keyword-0">Internet of Things (IoT)</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-1">Network of Things (NoT)</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-2">reliability</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-3">security</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-4">trust</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-5">trustworthiness, sensors</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-6">big data</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-7">composability</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-8">distributed system</span> </span> </div> <h5>Control Families</h5> <p> <span id="pub-control-fam-container" data-total="1"> <span id="pub-control-fam-0">Risk Assessment</span> </span> </p> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12"> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-success" id="pubs-documentation"> <h4>Documentation</h4> <p> <strong>Publication:</strong><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-183" id="pub-doi-link"> <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-183 </a><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-183.pdf" id="pub-local-download-link"> <i class="fa fa-download"></i> Download URL </a><br/> </p> <p> <strong>Supplemental Material:</strong><br/> <span id="pub-supp-container" data-total="1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225341/http://nist.gov/itl/csd/nists-network-of-things-model-builds-foundation-to-help-define-the-internet-of-things.cfm" id="pub-supp-link-0"><i class="fa fa-file"></i> Press Release </a><br/> </span> </p> <p> <strong>Related NIST Publications:</strong><br/> <span id="pub-related-container" data-total="3"> <a href="/web/20231208225341/http://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8222/ipd" id="pub-related-link-0">IR 8222 <span>(Draft)</span></a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208225341/http://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/other/2018/10/17/iot-trust-concerns/ipd" id="pub-related-link-1">Other <span>(Draft)</span></a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208225341/http://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/itlb/2016/09/demystifying-the-internet-of-things/final" id="pub-related-link-2">ITL Bulletin </a><br/> </span> </p> <p> <strong>Document History:</strong><br/> <span id="pub-history-container" data-total="2"> 02/16/16: <a href="/web/20231208225341/http://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8063/ipd" id="pub-history-link-0" data-current-document="false">IR 8063 (Draft)</a><br/> 07/28/16: <span id="pub-history-link-1" data-current-document="true">SP 800-183 (Final)</span><br/> </span> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="topicsCallout-lg"> <h4>Topics</h4> <strong id="pub-cat-0">Applications</strong> <p> <a id="pub-cat-top-0-0" 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