CINXE.COM
Research
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.worldbank.org:80/en/research","20190528013516","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1559007316"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/logos/wbg-favicon.png" type="image/png"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"/> <!--<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>--> <script> if (top != self) { alert('The URL '+self.location.href+' cannot be viewed inside a frame. You will be redirected.'); window.location = "https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://message.worldbank.org/www-ext-404.html"; } </script> <meta name="keywords" content=""/> <meta name="description" content="what we do"/> <meta name="language" content="en"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Research"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="World Bank"/> <meta property="og:description" content="what we do"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:test" content="http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/share-logo/social-share.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/share-logo/social-share.jpg"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="World Bank"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Research"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="what we do"/> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/share-logo/social-share.jpg"/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Research"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="Text/HTML"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="http://www.worldbank.org/en/research"/> <meta name="dcterms.language" content="en"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://www.worldbank.org/en/research"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20190528013516cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20190528013516cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/css/loop-icon.css" type="text/css"> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20190528013516cs_/http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i&subset=cyrillic,cyrillic-ext,greek,greek-ext,latin-ext,vietnamese" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <title>Research</title> <link href="/web/20190528013516cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/css/print.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print"> <script src="/web/20190528013516js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190528013516js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/components/wbgajax.js"></script> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20190528013516js_/http://assets.adobedtm.com/572ee9d70241b5c796ae15c773eaaee4365408ec/satelliteLib-858624ed9b5da800ebf8128fe3cf358874235ca9.js"></script> <script src="/web/20190528013516js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/components/app-dynamics/appd-prod.js"></script> <script> pageStart('Home'); </script> </head> <body> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script> window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId : '115003692510821', autoLogAppEvents : true, xfbml : true, version : 'v2.10' }); FB.AppEvents.logPageView(); }; (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script> <script>navPageChangeStart('Home');</script> <div data-ajax-component-wbg data-url="/web/20190528013516oe_/http://www.worldbank.org/wbg/aem/service/liveeventservicespring" data-ajax-query-parameters="language=en&pageName=/redesign2016/en/research"></div> <link href="/web/20190528013516cs_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/home-banner.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <script> function wb_survey_yes(url) { wb_note_setcookie('wb_note','1',1); $('#survey').hide(); window.open(url,'_blank'); } function wb_note_setcookie(cname, cvalue, exdays) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + (exdays*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "expires="+d.toUTCString(); document.cookie = cname + "=" + cvalue + "; " + expires; } function wb_close() { document.getElementById('wb_banner').style.display = 'none'; wb_banner_setcookie("wb_banner","1",1); }; </script> <script>jQuery(document).ready(function($) { var wb_note = document.cookie.replace(/(?:(?:^|.*;\s*)wb_note\s*\=\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$/, '$1'); if(wb_note != 1) { $("#banner").show(); $('.delete_icon a').click(function() { wb_note_setcookie('wb_note','1',1); $('#banner').hide(); }); } });</script> <header> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="home-page-header-lang" style="display: none;"> <div class="toggle-box"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button><!-- End menu dropdown Section --> </div> <div class="lang-switch-wrapper lang-switch-inverse-wrapper"> <span></span> <div class="lang-switch"> <ul> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle lang-lable" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class=" hidden-xs">English</span><span class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm">EN</span><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/angle-down-gray.svg"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-item"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/">Español</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/">Français</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/">عربي</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/">Русский</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.shihang.org/">中文</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/language-resources">View All »</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="news-navigation hidden-xs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">News</a></div> </div> <div class="navbar-header"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/" class="navbar-brand g01v1-logo"><img title="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/logo/logo-wb-header-en.svg" class="img-responsive"> </a> </div> <!-- End Logo Section --> <div class="lang-box"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button><!-- End menu dropdown Section --> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="mega-menu visible-sm visible-xs" id="mega-menu-global-search"> <!-- Begin Input Search --> <div class="header-search-section"> <form name="hiddensearch" id="hiddensearchId" action="" method="get" style="display:none"> <input id="hiddensearch_id_txt" type="hidden" size="15" name="q" label="searchtexthidden" title="searchtexthidden"> </form> <form class="input-group" role="search" name="searchbox" onsubmit="javascript:return submit_search_form();"> <input type="text" id="qterm_idmob" placeholder="Search worldbank.org" class="search-input-field-1 global_search_form_mobile" name="qterm_test" title="search"> <input class="search-submit-icon" type="image" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/search-orange.svg" alt="listingsearch"> </form> </div> <!-- End Input Search --> </li> <li class="mega-menu"> <a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are" class="dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="true">Who We Are</a> <div class="mega-menu-blurb hidden-lg hidden-md ">Leadership, organization, and history</div> <ul class="dropdown-menu mega-menu-dropdown"> <li class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-12 hidden-sm"> <div class="mega-menu-left-column"> <div class="mega-menu-img"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/images/megamenu-whoweare.jpg" alt="image"> </div> <div class="mega-menu-blurb">With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. </div> </div> </div><!--col-4 ends here --> <div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12"> <div class="mega-menu-right-column row"> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4"> <h4>About the World Bank</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/what-we-do">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership">Organization</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners">Partners</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/history">History</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16093">World Bank Group Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/archives">Archives</a></li> </ul> </div> <!--end of Data And Research column--> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4"> <h4>Accountability</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/annual-report">Annual Reports</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/access-to-information">Access to Information</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://scorecard.worldbank.org/">Corporate Scorecard</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/integrity-vice-presidency">Integrity Vice Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/Pages/Home.aspx">Inspection Panel</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services/grievance-redress-service">Grievance Redress Service</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/">Independent Evaluation Group</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.cao-ombudsman.org/">Compliance Advisor Ombudsman</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/PPF3/Pages/PPFHome.aspx">Policies and Procedures</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4"> <h4>Experts And Leaders</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/president">Office of the President</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/governors">Boards of Governors</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/directors">Boards of Directors</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/managers">Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/all">Experts</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <hr> <!-- Begin Input Search --> <ul class="mega-menu-left-column-wrapper"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news"> <span class="menu-highlight-item">News<i class="icon-angle-right"> <span class="sr-only">Arrow</span></i></span> </a></li> </ul> <!-- End Input Search --> </div> </div> </div><!-- col 8 ends here--> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mega-menu"> <a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/what-we-do" class="dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="true">What We Do</a> <div class="mega-menu-blurb hidden-lg hidden-md ">Projects, products, and services</div> <ul class="dropdown-menu mega-menu-dropdown"> <li class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-12 hidden-sm"> <div class="mega-menu-left-column"> <div class="mega-menu-img"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/images/megamenu-whatwedo.jpg" alt="image"> </div> <div class="mega-menu-blurb">The World Bank Group works in every major area of development. We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face.</div> </div> </div><!--col-4 ends here --> <div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12"> <div class="mega-menu-right-column row"> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-7 col-sm-7"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-7"> <h4>Development Projects</h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/projects"><span class="menu-highlight-item">Projects</span></a></li> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/projects/country?lang=en&page=">By Country</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/projects/sector?lang=en&page=">By Sector</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/projects/theme?lang=en&page=">By Theme</a></li> </ul> <li class="mrg-t-15"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/country-strategies"><span class="menu-highlight-item">Country Engagement</span></a> </li> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and-social-policies">Environmental and Social Policies for Projects</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services/procurement-projects-programs">Procurement for Projects and Programs</a></li> </ul> <li style="margin-top: 10px;"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/results"><span class="menu-highlight-item">Results</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-5 col-md-5"> <h4>Priorities</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/human-capital">Human Capital Project</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners/maximizing-finance-for-development">Maximizing Finance for Development</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!--end of Data And Research column--> <div class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6"> <h4>Knowledge</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research">Research & Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://data.worldbank.org/">Data</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://olc.worldbank.org/">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">Development Topics</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/">Open Knowledge Repository</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6"> <h4>Products & Services</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services">Financing Products & Advisory Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://treasury.worldbank.org/">Treasury</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- col 8 ends here--> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mega-menu"> <a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/where-we-work" class="dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="true">Where We Work</a> <div class="mega-menu-blurb hidden-lg hidden-md">Countries and regions</div> <ul class="dropdown-menu mega-menu-dropdown"> <li class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-12"> <div class="mega-menu-left-column mega-menu-search-padd"> <h4>Countries</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-left-column-wrapper"> <!-- Begin Input Search --> <div class="header-search-section"> <form data-csearch="http://www.worldbank.org/en/country" id="csearch" class="input-group" role="search" name="searchbox" onsubmit="javascript:WriteCookie();" method="get"> <input type="text" autocomplete="off" onfocus="clearField(this)" placeholder="Country Name..." class="search-input-field-1 search_form_where_we_work" id="search11" name="usrname" title="search"> <input class="search-submit-icon" type="image" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/search-orange.svg" alt="listingsearch"> </form> <ul class="tt-menu"> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="0"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="1"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/albania">Albania</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/sq/country/albania">shqip</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="2"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/algeria">Algeria</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/algeria">Français</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/algeria/ar">عربي</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="3"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/angola">Angola</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/angola">Português</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="4"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Antigua and Barbuda</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="5"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/argentina">Argentina</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/argentina">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="6"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/armenia">Armenia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="7"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/austria">Austria</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="8"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="9"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/brief/gcc">Bahrain</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="10"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="11"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/belarus">Belarus</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ru/country/belarus">Русский</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="12"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/belgium">Belgium</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/belgium">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="13"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Belize</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="14"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/benin">Benin</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/benin">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="15"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="16"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bolivia">Bolivia</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/bolivia">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="17"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bosniaandherzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="18"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/botswana">Botswana</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="19"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil">Brazil</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/brazil">Português</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="20"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bulgaria">Bulgaria</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/bg/country/bulgaria">Български</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="21"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/burkinafaso">Burkina Faso</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/burkinafaso">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="22"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/burundi">Burundi</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/burundi">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="23"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caboverde">Cabo Verde</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/caboverde">Português</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="24"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cambodia">Cambodia</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/km/country/cambodia">ភាសា​ខ្មែរ​</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="25"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cameroon">Cameroon</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/cameroon">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="26"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/canada">Canada</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/canada">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="27"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centralafricanrepublic">Central African Republic</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/centralafricanrepublic">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="28"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/chad">Chad</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/ACCUEILEXTN/PAYSEXTN/AFRICAINFRENCHEXT/CHADINFRENCHEXT/0,,menuPK:464923~pagePK:141159~piPK:55000052~theSitePK:464694,00.html">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="29"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/chile">Chile</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/chile">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="30"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china">China</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.shihang.org/zh/country/china">中文</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="31"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/colombia">Colombia</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/colombia">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="32"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/comoros">Comoros</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/comoros">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="33"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc">Democratic Republic of Congo</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/drc">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="34"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/congo">Republic of Congo</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/congo">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="35"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/costarica">Costa Rica</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/costarica">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="36"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cotedivoire">Cote d'Ivoire</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/cotedivoire">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="37"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/croatia">Croatia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="38"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centraleuropeandthebaltics">Czech Republic</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="39"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/denmark">Denmark</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="40"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/djibouti">Djibouti</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="41"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Dominica</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="42"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/dominicanrepublic">Dominican Republic</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/dominicanrepublic">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="43"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ecuador">Ecuador</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/ecuador">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="44"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/egypt">Egypt</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/egypt">العربية</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="45"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/elsalvador">El Salvador</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/elsalvador">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="46"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/equatorialguinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="47"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eritrea">Eritrea</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="48"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centraleuropeandthebaltics">Estonia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="49"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="50"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/europe">Europe (Western)</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="51"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Fiji</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="52"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="53"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/france">France</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/france">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="54"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gabon">Gabon</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/gabon">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="55"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gambia">The Gambia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="56"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/georgia">Georgia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="57"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/germany">Germany</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="58"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ghana">Ghana</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="59"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/greece">Greece</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="60"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Grenada</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="61"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guatemala">Guatemala</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/guatemala">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="62"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guinea">Guinea</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/guinea">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="63"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guineabissau">Guinea-Bissau</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/guineabissau">Português</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="64"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Guyana</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="65"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/haiti">Haiti</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/haiti">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="66"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/honduras">Honduras</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/honduras">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="67"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centraleuropeandthebaltics">Hungary</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="68"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iceland">Iceland</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="69"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india">India</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/hi/country/india">Hindi</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="70"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia">Indonesia</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/in/country/indonesia">Bahasa</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="71"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iran">Iran</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="72"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/iraq">Iraq</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTARABICHOME/EXTARABICCOUNTRIES/MENAINARABICEXT/IRAQINARABICEXTN/0,,menuPK:494417~pagePK:141159~piPK:51068265~theSitePK:494290,00.html">عربي</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="73"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://data.worldbank.org/country/israel">Israel</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="74"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/italy">Italy</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="75"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/jamaica">Jamaica</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="76"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/japan">Japan</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ja/country/japan">日本語</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="77"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/jordan">Jordan</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/jordan">عربي</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="78"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ru/country/kazakhstan">Русский</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="79"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya">Kenya</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="80"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Kiribati</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="81"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/korea">Korea</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="82"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kosovo">Kosovo</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="83"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/brief/gcc">Kuwait</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="84"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kyrgyzrepublic">Kyrgyz Republic</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ru/country/kyrgyzrepublic">Русский</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="85"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lao">Lao PDR</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="86"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centraleuropeandthebaltics">Latvia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="87"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lebanon">Lebanon</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/lebanon">عربي</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="88"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lesotho">Lesotho</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="89"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/liberia">Liberia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="90"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/libya">Libya</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/libya">عربي</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="91"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centraleuropeandthebaltics">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="92"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/luxembourg">Luxembourg</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/luxembourg">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="93"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/macedonia">FYR of Macedonia</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/mk/country/macedonia">македонски</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="94"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/madagascar">Madagascar</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/madagascar">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="95"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/malawi">Malawi</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="96"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="97"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/maldives">Maldives</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="98"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mali">Mali</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/mali">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="99"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Marshall Islands</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="100"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mauritania">Mauritania</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/mauritania">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="101"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mauritius">Mauritius</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/mauritius">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="102"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mexico">Mexico</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/mexico">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="103"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">FS Micronesia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="104"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/moldova">Moldova</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ro/country/moldova">română</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="105"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mongolia">Mongolia</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/mn/country/mongolia">Монгол</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="106"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/montenegro">Montenegro</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="107"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/morocco">Morocco</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/morocco">عربي</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/morocco">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="108"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mozambique">Mozambique</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/mozambique">Português</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="109"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/myanmar">Myanmar</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="110"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/namibia">Namibia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="111"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nepal">Nepal</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="112"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/netherlands">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="113"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nicaragua">Nicaragua</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/nicaragua">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="114"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/niger">Niger</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/niger">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="115"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria">Nigeria</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="116"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/norway">Norway</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="117"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/brief/gcc">Oman</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="118"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="119"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Palau</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="120"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/panama">Panama</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/panama">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="121"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/png">Papua New Guinea</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="122"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/paraguay">Paraguay</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/paraguay">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="123"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/peru">Peru</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/peru">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="124"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines">Philippines</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="125"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/poland">Poland</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/pl/country/poland">Polski</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="126"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/portugal">Portugal</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="127"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/brief/gcc">Qatar</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="128"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/romania">Romania</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ro/country/romania">Română</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="129"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia">Russia</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ru/country/russia">Русский</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="130"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/rwanda">Rwanda</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/rwanda">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="131"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Samoa</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="132"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/saotome">Sao Tome and Principe</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/saotome">Português</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="133"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal">Senegal</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/senegal">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="134"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="135"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/seychelles">Seychelles</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/seychelles">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="136"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/sierraleone">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="137"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/singapore">Singapore</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="138"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centraleuropeandthebaltics">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="139"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centraleuropeandthebaltics">Slovenia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="140"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Solomon Islands</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="141"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/somalia">Somalia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="142"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/southafrica">South Africa</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="143"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/southsudan">South Sudan</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="144"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/spain">Spain</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/spain">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="145"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/srilanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="146"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="147"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">St. Lucia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="148"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">St. Vincent and Grenadines</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="149"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/sudan">Sudan</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="150"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Suriname</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="151"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/swaziland">Swaziland</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="152"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/sweden">Sweden</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="153"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/switzerland">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="154"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/syria">Syria</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/syria">عربي</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="155"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ru/country/tajikistan">Русский</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="156"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania">Tanzania</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="157"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/thailand">Thailand</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/th/country/thailand">ภาษาไทย</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="158"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/timor-leste">Timor Leste (East Timor)</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="159"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/togo">Togo</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/togo">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="160"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Tonga</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="161"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Trinidad and Tobago</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="162"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tunisia">Tunisia</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/tunisia">عربي</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/tunisia">Français</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="163"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey">Turkey</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/tr/country/turkey">Türkçe</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="164"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ru/country/turkmenistan">Русский</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="165"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Tuvalu</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="166"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uganda">Uganda</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="167"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ukraine">Ukraine</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/uk/country/ukraine">Yкраїнський</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="168"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/brief/gcc">United Arab Emirates</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="169"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/unitedkingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="170"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/unitedstates">United States of America</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="171"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uruguay">Uruguay</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/uruguay">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="172"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ru/country/uzbekistan">Русский</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="173"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Vanuatu</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="174"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/venezuela">Venezuela</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/venezuela">Español</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="175"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam">Vietnam</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/vi/country/vietnam">Tiẽng Việt</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="176"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/westbankandgaza">West Bank and Gaza</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/westbankandgaza">عربي</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="177"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen">Yemen</a><span> - </span><a class="country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/yemen">عربي</a></span> </li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="178"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/zambia">Zambia</a></span></li> <li class="tt-suggestion" style="display:none" data-original-index="179"><span class="text"><a class="firstLevel country-search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <!-- End Input Search --> </ul> <ul class="mega-menu-left-column-wrapper"> <h4>Recent Searches</h4> <ul class="no-mega-menu-sublist"></ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-7 col-sm-12"> <div class="mega-menu-right-column row"> <!--end of Data And Research column--> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6"> <h4>Regions</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eap">East Asia and Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eca">Europe and Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/lac">Latin America and Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/sar">South Asia</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6"> <h4>Country Groups</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eu">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mic">Middle Income Countries</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Organization of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Pacific Islands</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/smallstates">Small States</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gcc">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/westerneurope">Western Europe</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div><!-- col 8 ends here--> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mega-menu"> <a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/understanding-poverty" class="dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="true">Understanding Poverty</a> <div class="mega-menu-blurb hidden-lg hidden-md">Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development</div> <ul class="dropdown-menu mega-menu-dropdown"> <li class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-12 hidden-sm"> <div class="mega-menu-left-column"> <div class="mega-menu-img"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/images/megamenu-photo-pakistan.jpg" alt="image"> </div> <div class="mega-menu-blurb">We face big challenges to help the world’s poorest people and ensure that everyone sees benefits from economic growth. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress.</div> </div> </div><!--col-4 ends here --> <div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12"> <div class="mega-menu-right-column row"> <div class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5"> <h4>Data & Research</h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://data.worldbank.org/"><span class="menu-highlight-item">Open Data</span></a></li> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://data.worldbank.org/country">By Country</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator">By Indicator</a></li> </ul> <li class="mrg-t-15"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research"><span class="menu-highlight-item">Research & Publications</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <!--end of Data And Research column--> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-7 col-sm-7"> <h4>Development Topics</h4> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6"> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climatechange">Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence">Fragility, Conflict and Violence</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6"> <ul> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment">Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/trade">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health">Health</a></li> </ul> <li class="mrg-t-15"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic"><span class="menu-highlight-item">All Development Topics <i class="icon-angle-right"> <span class="sr-only">Arrow</span></i></span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!--end of Development Priorities .column--> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <hr> <!-- Begin Input Search --> <div class="header-search-section"> <form name="hiddensearch1" id="hiddensearchId1" action="" method="get" style="display:none"> <input id="hiddensearch_id_txt1" type="hidden" size="15" name="query" label="searchtexthidden1" title="searchtexthidden1"> </form> <form class="input-group" role="search" name="search1" onsubmit="return submit_search_form_upoverty();" method="get"> <input type="search" onfocus="clearField(this)" placeholder="Search research and publications" class="search-input-field-1 search_form_poverty" id="qterm_id1" name="qterm_test1" title="search"> <a title="Search" href="javascript:submit_search_form_upoverty();"><input class="search-submit-icon" type="image" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/search-orange.svg" alt="listingsearch"> </a> </form> </div> <!-- End Input Search --> </div> </div> </div><!-- col 8 ends here--> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mega-menu"> <a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/work-with-us" class="dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="true">Work With Us</a> <div class="mega-menu-blurb hidden-lg hidden-md ">Jobs, procurement, training, and events</div> <ul class="dropdown-menu mega-menu-dropdown"> <li class="container"> <div class="mega-menu-right-column row"> <div class="col-md-15 col-sm-12"> <h4>For Job Seekers</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/careers">Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/careers/programs-and-internships">Programs & Internships</a></li> </ul> </div> <!--end of Data And Research column--> <div class="col-md-15 col-sm-12"> <h4>For Partners</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners">Partners</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://clientconnection.worldbank.org/servlet/main?menuPK=234032&pagePK=232663&piPK=234033">Clients</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners/the-world-bank-group-and-private-sector">Private Sector</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/corporate-procurement">Corporate Procurement </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners/civil-society">Civil Society</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://consultations.worldbank.org/?map=1">Consultations</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/parliamentarians">Parliamentarians</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-15 col-sm-12"> <h4>For Investors</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury/ibrd">World Bank Bonds & Investment Products</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://treasury.worldbank.org/">Treasury</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-15 col-sm-12"> <h4>For Learners</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://olc.worldbank.org/">Open Learning Campus</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-15 col-sm-12"> <h4>Meet Us</h4> <ul class="mega-menu-sublist"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://live.worldbank.org/">World Bank Live</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/speakers-bureau">Speaker's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/meetings/splash">Spring & Annual Meetings</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12"> <hr> <ul class="mega-menu-left-column-wrapper"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/contacts"> <span class="menu-highlight-item">Contacts & Inquiries<i class="icon-angle-right"> <span class="sr-only">Arrow</span></i></span> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="mega-menu dropdown hidden-sm hidden-xs" id="mega-menu-global-search"> <span class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><img class="megamenu_search_icon" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/search-orange.svg" title="Search" alt="Search"></span> <ul class="dropdown-menu globa-dropdown-search"> <span class="close-this-megamenu">X</span> <li class="container"> <div class="mega-menu-right-column padd row"> <div class=" col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-2"> <h2>Search</h2> </div> <div class=" col-lg-9 col-md-7 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 "> <!-- Begin Input Search --> <div class="header-search-section"> <form name="hiddensearch" id="hiddensearchId" action="" method="get" style="display:none"> <input id="hiddensearch_id_txt" type="hidden" size="15" name="q" label="searchtexthidden" title="searchtexthidden"> </form> <form class="input-group" role="search" name="search" onsubmit="return submit_search_form();" method="get"> <input type="search" onfocus="clearField(this)" placeholder="Search worldbank.org" class="search-input-field-1 global_search_form_desktop" id="qterm_id" name="qterm_test" title="search"> <a title="Search" href="javascript:submit_search_form();"><input class="search-submit-icon" type="image" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/search-orange.svg" alt="listingsearch"> </a> </form> </div> <!-- End Input Search --> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <script> $(document).ready(function() { var uri = "/en/research"; var isHomePage=uri.indexOf("/home-page"); if(isHomePage>0 && !(uri.indexOf("learnmore")>0) && !(uri.indexOf("")>0)){ $(".home-page-header-lang").show(); $(".lang-box").hide(); } }); </script> <div class="lang-toggler language_toggler parbase"> <div class="breadcrumb-section breadcrumb_13" 123style=""> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <div class="page-title"> <ol class="breadcrumb_redesign"><li><a class="l1-breadcrumb" href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/understanding-poverty">Understanding Poverty</a></li></ol> </div> </div><!-- End Page Title --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearix"></div> <script> $(document).ready(function() { var cuurpage = "/content/redesign2016/en/research"; var pageLocale = "en"; var activeLink =$(".breadcrumb_redesign li" ).first().children("a").attr('href'); if (typeof activeLink !== 'undefined'){ $(".navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu>a, .navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu").removeClass("active"); //adedd for D&R to Highlight menu if(cuurpage.indexOf('publication/documents-reports') !== -1){ var domain=""; if(pageLocale.indexOf('en') !== -1 || pageLocale.indexOf('pt') !== -1) domain = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://aemstg.worldbank.org'; else domain = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://aemstg-'+pageLocale+'.worldbank.org'; if(activeLink.indexOf(domain) !== -1){ var activeLink = activeLink.replace(domain,""); } }//end $(".navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu").each(function(index, obj) { if ($(this).children("a").attr('href') == activeLink){ $(this).children("a").addClass("active"); } }); } }); </script> <script> $(document).ready(function() { var isCPF = "false"; var activeLink = ""; if (isCPF == "true" && typeof activeLink !== 'undefined'){ $(".navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu>a, .navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu").removeClass("active"); $(".navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu").each(function(index, obj) { if ($(this).children("a").text().toLowerCase().trim() == activeLink.toLowerCase().trim()) { $(this).addClass("active"); $(this).children("a").addClass("active"); } }); } }); </script> </div> <script> /*function langLocationMover(){ var cloned = $( ".lang-toggler.language_toggler.parbase" ).clone(); $( ".lang-toggler.language_toggler.parbase" ).empty(); $(cloned).appendTo( "header" ); } langLocationMover();*/ </script> <div class="par parsys"><div class="redesign_REsearch section"> <div class="full-row-blue-components search-research-publications"> <div class="container"> <h2>Research and Publications</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="full-row-search"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-8 col-xs-12"> <!-- Begin Input Search --> <div class="search-section"> <form class="input-group research-search_code_at_the_end" role="search" name="researchbox" action="javascript:doProjectsDBSearch('https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/discover');" method="get"> <input type="text" onfocus="clearField(this)" placeholder="Search..." class="search-input-field-1" name="qterm" title="search"> <input class="search-submit-icon redesign-research-button" type="image" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/search-orange.svg" alt="listingsearch"> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-check col-lg-10 col-md-10 col-sm-10 col-xs-12"> <label class="form-check-label"> <input class="peer-review-check _loop_white_checkbox" id="_loop_white_checkbox_1" type="checkbox" data-url="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docadvancesearch/docs?majorDocTY=906674,658101"> <label for="_loop_white_checkbox_1">Include Project Documents, Research & Publications from before 2000</label> </label> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function searchSubmit() { document.searchbox.submit(); } function doProjectsDBSearch(strActionURL){ var option = ""; var searchForm = document.researchbox; var trimText = trim(searchForm.qterm.value); if(strActionURL == ''){ currentURL = option; }else{ currentURL = strActionURL ; } var searchTxt = "query"; if($(".peer-review-check").is(":checked")){ currentURL = $(".peer-review-check").attr("data-url"); searchTxt = "query"; } if(currentURL.indexOf('@@')!=-1){ newURL = currentURL.substring(0,currentURL.indexOf('@@'));newURL = newURL + encodeURIComponent(trimText); targetURL = newURL + currentURL.substring(eval(currentURL.indexOf('@@')+2),currentURL.length); }else{ var url=currentURL; var urlFirstPart; var urlSecondPart; var targetURL; var urlAppend; if(url.indexOf(',00.html') != -1) { urlFirstPart=url.substring(0,url.indexOf('0,,')+3); urlSecondPart=url.substring(url.indexOf('0,,')+3); urlAppend=searchTxt+":"+encodeURIComponent(trimText); if(urlSecondPart.length!=0) urlAppend=urlAppend+'~'; targetURL=urlFirstPart+urlAppend+urlSecondPart; } else { urlFirstPart=url; urlAppend=searchTxt+"="+encodeURIComponent(trimText); if(url.indexOf("?")!=-1){ urlFirstPart=url.substring(0,url.indexOf('?')+1); urlSecondPart=url.substring(url.indexOf('?')+1); if(urlSecondPart.length!=0){ urlAppend=urlAppend+'&'; targetURL=urlFirstPart+urlAppend+urlSecondPart; }else{ targetURL=urlFirstPart+urlAppend; } }else{ urlAppend="?"+urlAppend; targetURL=urlFirstPart+urlAppend; } } } window.location.href=targetURL; } function trim(text) { var endIndex = text.length - 1;var isSpace = true;var startIndex = 0;while (isSpace && startIndex < text.length){isSpace = text.charAt(startIndex) == ' ';if (isSpace) startIndex++;}isSpace = true;while (isSpace && endIndex >= startIndex){isSpace = text.charAt(endIndex) == ' ';if (isSpace) endIndex--;}return text.substring(startIndex,endIndex + 1); } $(document).ready(function(e){ $(window).resize(function(){ var thisComponentAtTopFinder = $($(".par.parsys")[0]).find("div").eq(1); var padder = 0; if($(window).width()>991) padder = 64; if(thisComponentAtTopFinder.hasClass("search-research-publications")) { thisComponentAtTopFinder.css("padding-top", $(".lang-toggler.language_toggler").outerHeight()+padder+32); } }); }); </script> </div> <div class="supergrid parbase section"> <div class="row clearfix full-row-white-components" style="padding: 64px 0px 32px 0px; background-color:"> <div class="container"> <div class="par parsys"><div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_12_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="redesign_title parbase section"> <div class="row"> <div class="heading-v1 "> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h2 style="color:#333;text-align:Left Align">Featured</h2> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/" class="btn btn-sm btn-default primary-gray-btn view-all-btn" style="background:#f6f6f6;"> <span style="color:#0071BC;">View All</span><i style="color:#0071BC;" class="icon-angle-right"> <span class="sr-only">Arrow</span></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> <style> .heading-v1-center .lock-icon { color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff; } </style></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> </div> <div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-6 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_6_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="new_highlights parbase section"> <div id="c07v4-body"> <div class="c07v4 mrg-b-20"><!-- Item Starts --> <div class="media"> <div class="left-image"> <a class="c07v4-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://wbl.worldbank.org/"> <img alt="Image" class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516im_/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/31327/WBL2019.pdf.jpg?sequence=3&isAllowed=y" title="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="right-section"> <div class="small-link"> <h4 class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://wbl.worldbank.org/">Women, Business and the Law 2019 : A Decade of Reform</a></h4> </div> <h4 class="hidden-xs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://wbl.worldbank.org/">Women, Business and the Law 2019 : A Decade of Reform</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Women, Business and the Law 2019: A Decade of Reform introduces a new index measuring legal rights for women throughout their working lives in 187 economies. The index is composed of 35 data points grouped into eight indicators. The data covers a 10-year period not only to understand the current situation but to see how laws affecting women’s equality of opportunity have evolved over time. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="new_highlights parbase section"> <div id="c07v4-body"> <div class="c07v4 mrg-b-20"><!-- Item Starts --> <div class="media"> <div class="left-image"> <a class="c07v4-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.doingbusiness.org/"> <img alt="Image" class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516im_/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30438/9781464813269.pdf.jpg?sequence=3&isAllowed=y" title="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="right-section"> <div class="small-link"> <h4 class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.doingbusiness.org/">Doing Business 2019 : Training for Reform</a></h4> </div> <h4 class="hidden-xs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.doingbusiness.org/">Doing Business 2019 : Training for Reform</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Doing Business 2019: Training for Reform, a World Bank Group flagship publication, is the 16th in a series of annual reports measuring the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. Doing Business presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights that can be compared across 190 economies—from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe—and over time.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="new_highlights parbase section"> <div id="c07v4-body"> <div class="c07v4 mrg-b-20"><!-- Item Starts --> <div class="media"> <div class="left-image"> <a class="c07v4-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2019"> <img alt="Image" class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516im_/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30435/9781464813283.pdf.jpg?sequence=11&isAllowed=y" title="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="right-section"> <div class="small-link"> <h4 class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2019">World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work</a></h4> </div> <h4 class="hidden-xs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2019">World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report looks at how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_6_par_1 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="new_highlights parbase section"> <div id="c07v4-body"> <div class="c07v4 mrg-b-20"><!-- Item Starts --> <div class="media"> <div class="left-image"> <a class="c07v4-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31333"> <img alt="Image" class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516im_/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/31333/9781464813610.pdf.jpg?sequence=2&isAllowed=y" title="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="right-section"> <div class="small-link"> <h4 class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31333">Electricity Access in Sub-Saharan Africa : Uptake, Reliability, and Complementary Factors for Economic Impact</a></h4> </div> <h4 class="hidden-xs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31333">Electricity Access in Sub-Saharan Africa : Uptake, Reliability, and Complementary Factors for Economic Impact</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Electricity Access in Sub-Saharan Africa shows that the fundamental problem is poverty and lack of economic opportunities rather than power. The solution lies in understanding that the overarching reasons for the unrealized potential involve tightly intertwined technical, financial, political, and geographic factors. The ultimate goal is to enable households and businesses to gain access to electricity and afford its use, and utilities to recover their cost and make profits. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="new_highlights parbase section"> <div id="c07v4-body"> <div class="c07v4 mrg-b-20"><!-- Item Starts --> <div class="media"> <div class="left-image"> <a class="c07v4-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31594"> <img alt="Image" class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516im_/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/31594/9781464813849.pdf.jpg?sequence=3&isAllowed=y" title="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="right-section"> <div class="small-link"> <h4 class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31594">Balancing Petroleum Policy : Toward Value, Sustainability, and Security</a></h4> </div> <h4 class="hidden-xs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31594">Balancing Petroleum Policy : Toward Value, Sustainability, and Security</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Petroleum discovery in a country presents its policy makers with a challenging and complex task: formulating and agreeing on policies that will shape the country’s petroleum sector and guide the translation of the newly discovered resources into equitable and sustainable economic and social growth for the nation over the long term. Balancing Petroleum Policy provides policy makers and other stakeholders with the basic sector-related knowledge they need to embark on this task. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="new_highlights parbase section"> <div id="c07v4-body"> <div class="c07v4 mrg-b-20"><!-- Item Starts --> <div class="media"> <div class="left-image"> <a class="c07v4-img" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31709"> <img alt="Image" class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516im_/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/31709/9781464813900.pdf.jpg?sequence=3&isAllowed=y" title="Image"> </a> </div> <div class="right-section"> <div class="small-link"> <h4 class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31709">The Reconstruction of Iraq after 2003 : Learning from Its Successes and Failures</a></h4> </div> <h4 class="hidden-xs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31709">The Reconstruction of Iraq after 2003 : Learning from Its Successes and Failures</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Pursuing effective reconstruction within the context of conflict and fragility is a formidable challenge because of the uncertain, fluid, and complex environment. Based on the experience in Iraq, how can the international community support the effectiveness and durability of reconstruction? This book identifies lessons in seven areas and offers four recommendations for international and domestic actors and citizens engaged in reconstruction activities.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="supergrid parbase section"> <div class="row clearfix full-row-white-components" style=" background-color:#f6f6f6"> <div class="container"> <div class="par parsys"><div class="redesign_title parbase section"> <div class="row"> <div class="heading-v1 "> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h2 style="color:#333;text-align:Left Align">New and Noteworthy</h2> </div> </div> </div> <style> .heading-v1-center .lock-icon { color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff; } </style></div> <div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_8_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_6_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="redesign_indepth section"> <!-- Item Start --> <!-- Feature Image Strats--> <div class="card-v3-section"> <div class="card-wrapper indepth-card-wrapper"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/02/27/despite-gains-women-face-setbacks-in-legal-rights-affecting-work"><img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/photos/670x377/2019/feb/670x377_WBL2019_Newspage_Photo.jpg" title="A small business owner in Mexico City. © Jessica Belmont/World Bank" alt="A small business owner in Mexico City. © Jessica Belmont/World Bank"></a> <!--End Of Image Div --> <!-- Feature Image Ends --> <div class="card-content"> <h4> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/02/27/despite-gains-women-face-setbacks-in-legal-rights-affecting-work"> Despite Gains, Women Face Setbacks in Legal Rights Affecting Work </a> </h4> <!--title ends --> <!-- Body Content starts --> <p class="card-description "> Globally, women are accorded only three-quarters of the legal rights that men enjoy according to a new index released by the World Bank today, constraining their ability to get jobs or start businesses and make economic decisions that are best for them and their families.</p> <!-- Body Content ends --> <!-- Sub Link Starts --> <div class="card-link"> <ul> <a class="hor-card-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://wbl.worldbank.org/">Website</a> | <a class="hor-card-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/31327/WBL2019.pdf">Download report</a> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Sub Link Ends --> <!-- Featured Content ends --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_6_par_1 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="redesign_indepth section"> <!-- Item Start --> <!-- Feature Image Strats--> <div class="card-v3-section"> <div class="card-wrapper indepth-card-wrapper"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/11/07/emerging-developing-economies-to-face-challenges-if-global-inflation-rises"><img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/photos/780x439/2018/nov/Inflation-Front-Cover.jpg" title="Image" alt="Image"></a> <!--End Of Image Div --> <!-- Feature Image Ends --> <div class="card-content"> <h4> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/11/07/emerging-developing-economies-to-face-challenges-if-global-inflation-rises"> Emerging, Developing Economies to Face Challenges if Global Inflation Rises </a> </h4> <!--title ends --> <!-- Body Content starts --> <p class="card-description "> The adverse effects of high inflation can fall disproportionately on the poor, who hold most of their assets in cash and rely heavily on wage income, welfare benefits, and pensions, says new report on Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies: Evolution, Drivers, and Policies.</p> <!-- Body Content ends --> <!-- Sub Link Starts --> <div class="card-link"> <ul> <a class="hor-card-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/publication/inflation-in-emerging-and-developing-economies">Website</a> | <a class="hor-card-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30657/9781464813757.pdf">Download report</a> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Sub Link Ends --> <!-- Featured Content ends --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-lg-4 col-xs-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_4_par_1 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="redesign_indepth section"> <!-- Item Start --> <!-- Feature Image Strats--> <div class="card-v3-section"> <div class="card-wrapper indepth-card-wrapper"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/10/17/nearly-half-the-world-lives-on-less-than-550-a-day"><img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/photos/780x439/2018/sep-2/PSP2018_780x439.jpg" title="Image" alt="Image"></a> <!--End Of Image Div --> <!-- Feature Image Ends --> <div class="card-content"> <h4> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/10/17/nearly-half-the-world-lives-on-less-than-550-a-day"> Nearly Half the World Lives on Less than $5.50 a Day </a> </h4> <!--title ends --> <!-- Body Content starts --> <p class="card-description "> Economic advances around the world mean that while fewer people live in extreme poverty, almost half the world’s population — 3.4 billion people — still struggles to meet basic needs. </p> <!-- Body Content ends --> <!-- Sub Link Starts --> <div class="card-link"> <ul> <a class="hor-card-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity">Website</a> | <a class="hor-card-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30418/9781464813306.pdf">Download report</a> | <a class="hor-card-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2018/10/17/infographic-poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2018-piecing-together-the-poverty-puzzle">Infographic</a> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Sub Link Ends --> <!-- Featured Content ends --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="embedcode section"> <div class=""> <div class="embed "> <div class="full-row-black-components row"> <div class="container"> <div class="home-newsletter-section row"> <div class="col-lg-5 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h2>Subscribe to Our Newsletters</h2> </div> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="home-newsletter"> <!--<form class="validate input-group mySignUpFormDesktop" name="Quick" role="search" action="http://newsletters.worldbank.org/newsletters/qsinglesubscribe.htm" method="post" target="_blank">--> <form class="input-group mySignUpFormNews" method="post" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://app.icontact.com/icp/signup.php" name="icpsignup" id="icpsignup7077" accept-charset="UTF-8" target="_blank"> <input type="text" onfocus="value=''" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="email-input-field-1 research-emailfld" name="MERGE0" id="fields_email" title="search"> <input type="submit" value="submit" class="newsletter-submit btn-default btn-lg primary-light-blue-btn" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe"> <input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="http://newsletters.worldbank.org/newsletters/listnl.htm?nl=publications"> <input type="hidden" name="errorredirect" value="http://www.icontact.com/www/signup/error.html"> <input type="hidden" name="listid" value="77502"> <input type="hidden" name="specialid:77502" value="2KXF"> <input type="hidden" name="clientid" value="276942"> <input type="hidden" name="formid" value="7077"> <input type="hidden" name="reallistid" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="doubleopt" value="0"> </form> <label style="float: right;display: inline-block; font-weight:normal;" class="hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://newsletters.worldbank.org/newsletters/list.htm"><i class="fa fa-newspaper-o" style="margin-right: 5px;"></i>Past Newsletters</a></label> </div> <div class="form-checkbox-group subscribe_newsletter_checks"> <p> <label>Select the newsletter(s) that you'd like to receive:</label> </p> <label class="checkbox-inline"> <form class="input-group mySignUpFormNews_research_check" style="display:none" name="Quick" role="search" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/newsletter-subscription" method="get" target="_blank"> <input type="text" class="f02v4-pulldown search-text mySignUpFormNews_research_check_email-input-field-1" name="email" placeholder="Enter Email Address" onfocus="clearField(this)"> <span class="f02v4-submit-icon"> <input type="image" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/searchboxarrow-w.png" name="submit" alt="Click to subscribe"> </span> <input name="decr" value="true" type="hidden"> </form> <input type="checkbox" class="research_check" value="https://app.icontact.com/icp/signup.php">Research</label> <label class="checkbox-inline"> <form class="input-group mySignUpFormNews_publication_check" style="display:none;" method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/newsletter-subscription" name="icpsignup" id="icpsignup7077" accept-charset="UTF-8" target="_blank"> <input name="wbp" value="true" type="hidden"> <input type="text" onfocus="value=''" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="mySignUpFormNews_publication_check_email-input-field-1" name="MERGE0" id="fields_email" title="search"> <input type="submit" value="submit" class="newsletter-submit btn-default btn-lg primary-light-blue-btn" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe"> </form> <input type="checkbox" class="publication_check" value="http://newsletters.worldbank.org/newsletters/qsinglesubscribe.htm">Publications</label> <label class="hidden-xs view-all-newsletter"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://newsletters.worldbank.org/newsletters/list.htm"><i class="fa fa-newspaper-o" style="margin-right: 5px;"></i>Past Newsletters</a></label> </div> </div> <style> .subscribe_newsletter_checks label.checkbox-inline { margin-top: 0; padding-left: 20px; } .subscribe_newsletter_checks label.checkbox-inline input { margin: 7px -20px 0; } .full-row-black-components .home-newsletter .research-emailfld { width: 70%; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="newsletter_subscribe_alert" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <!-- Modal content--> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Thank you for participating in this survey! Your feedback is very helpful to us as we work to improve the site functionality on worldbank.org. </p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default close-model" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(".close-model").unbind().click(function(e) { $("#newsletter_subscribe_alert").slideToggle("fast", function() {}).removeClass("modal-show").find(".modal-dialog").removeClass("show"); }); $(".mySignUpFormNews:visible").submit(function(e) { var checksWraper = $(this).parent().siblings(".subscribe_newsletter_checks"); var mailId = $(this).find(".email-input-field-1").val(); if (mailId === '' || mailId.length < 5) { $("#newsletter_subscribe_alert").slideToggle().addClass("modal-show").find(".modal-dialog").addClass("show").find(".modal-body p").html("Mail id is not valid!"); return false; } var isChecked = false; if ($(checksWraper).find(".research_check").is(":checked") && $(checksWraper).find(".publication_check").is(":checked")) { // $(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_research_check_email-input-field-1").val(mailId); window.open('https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/newsletter-subscription?decr=true&wbp=true&email='+mailId, '_blank'); //$(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_research_check").attr('action', $(checksWraper).find(".research_check").attr("value")); //$(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_research_check").submit(); isChecked = true; } if(!isChecked){ if ($(checksWraper).find(".research_check").is(":checked")) { $(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_research_check_email-input-field-1").val(mailId); //$(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_research_check").attr('action', $(checksWraper).find(".research_check").attr("value")); $(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_research_check").submit(); isChecked = true; } if ($(checksWraper).find(".publication_check").is(":checked")) { $(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_publication_check_email-input-field-1").val(mailId); //$(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_publication_check").attr('action', $(checksWraper).find(".publication_check").attr("value")); setTimeout(function() { $(checksWraper).find(".mySignUpFormNews_publication_check").submit(); }, 300) isChecked = true; } } if (!isChecked) $("#newsletter_subscribe_alert").slideToggle().addClass("modal-show").find(".modal-dialog").addClass("show").find(".modal-body p").html("Please choose at least one newsletter type!"); e.preventDefault(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <style> .embed-responsive.embed-responsive-16by9 { padding-bottom: 75%; } .embed-responsive .embed-data iframe{ margin-top: 30px; height: 90%; } .embed-data span.footer { bottom: 30px; } /* @media (min-width : 481px) and (max-width : 640px){*/ @media (max-width : 400px){ .embed-responsive .embed-data iframe { height: 88% !important; } .embed-responsive.embed-responsive-16by9 { padding-bottom: 83% !important; } } @media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0) { /* Safari and Chrome, if Chrome rule needed */ .embed-responsive.embed-responsive-16by9 { padding-bottom: 77%; } /* Safari 5+ ONLY */ ::i-block-chrome, .embed-responsive.embed-responsive-16by9 { padding-bottom: 80%; } } </style> </div> <div class="supergrid parbase section"> <div class="row clearfix full-row-white-components" style=" background-color:"> <div class="container"> <div class="par parsys"><div class="redesign_title parbase section"> <div class="row"> <div class="heading-v1 "> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h2 style="color:#333;text-align:Left Align">Policy Research Working Papers</h2> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docsearch/document-type/620265" class="btn btn-sm btn-default primary-gray-btn view-all-btn" style="background:#f6f6f6;"> <span style="color:#0071BC;">View All Policy Research Working Papers</span><i style="color:#0071BC;" class="icon-angle-right"> <span class="sr-only">Arrow</span></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> <style> .heading-v1-center .lock-icon { color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff; } </style></div> <div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_12_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="research_auto_manual section"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190528013516js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/components/inlinesearch_clientlib.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190528013516js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/components/search_api_ajax3.js"></script> <div class="wbgajax" data-ajax-component-wbg-inline data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516oe_/https://search.worldbank.org/api/v2/research?format=xml&fl=content,docdt,teratopic&docty_exact=Policy+Research+Working+Paper&lang_exact=English&rows=3" data-ajax-query-parameters="path=cmVkZXNpZ24yMDE2L2VuL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2pjcjpjb250ZW50L3Bhci9zdXBlcmdyaWQxL3Bhci9ncmlkbGF5b3V0Xzg0NTM2NTU4NS9ncmlkXzEyX3Bhcl8wL3Jlc2VhcmNoX2F1dG9fbWFudWFs&lang=en"> <div style="display:none">Api</div> <img class="img-responsive center-block" style="margin: 0 auto;" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/loaderwb.svg"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 36px"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="supergrid parbase section"> <div class="row clearfix full-row-white-components" style=" background-color:#F6F6F6"> <div class="container"> <div class="par parsys"><div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-7 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_7_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="redesign_title parbase section"> <div class="row"> <div class="heading-v1 "> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h2 style="color:#333;text-align:Left Align">Browse Research and Publications</h2> </div> </div> </div> <style> .heading-v1-center .lock-icon { color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff; } </style></div> <div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_12_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <hr class="hidden-lg hidden-md"> <div class="research_dropdown section"> <div class="row"> <!--Start of country--> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="dropdown-v2-seciton"> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <!-- Begin Dropdown-v2 components --> <div class="btn-group dropdown-group"> <button class="dropdown-select-item dropdown-toggle" title="Country Region" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="filter-option">Browse by Region</span><span class="dropdwon-arrow"></span> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-item"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/research">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eap/research">East Asia and Pacific </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eca/research">Europe and Central Asia </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/lac/research">Latin America and Caribbean </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena/research">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/sar/research">South Asia </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 32px"></div> </div> <div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_12_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="research_dropdown section"> <div class="row"> <!--Start of country--> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="dropdown-v2-seciton"> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <!-- Begin Dropdown-v2 components --> <div class="btn-group dropdown-group"> <button class="dropdown-select-item dropdown-toggle" title="Country Region" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="filter-option">Browse by Topic</span><span class="dropdwon-arrow"></span> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-item"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/research">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/biodiversity/research">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climatechange/research">Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climatefinance/research">Climate Finance</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/communitydrivendevelopment/research">Community-Driven Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/competitiveness/research">Competitiveness</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/debt/research">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disability/research">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disasterriskmanagement/research">Disaster Risk Management</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/earlychildhooddevelopment/research">Early Childhood Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ebola/research">Ebola Response</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/research">Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/edutech/research">Education and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy/research">Energy </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/research">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTOGMC/0,,contentMDK:20188239~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:336930,00.html">Extractive Industries</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialinclusion/research">Financial Inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialmarketintegrity/research">Financial Market Integrity</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialsector/research">Financial Sector</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/foodsecurity/research">Food Security</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/forests/research">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/research">Fragility, Conflict, and Violence</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/gender/research">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/girlseducation/research">Girls' Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/global-economic-prospects/research">Global Economy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/governance/research">Governance</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/research">Health</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/hivandaids/research">HIV and AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/hydropower/research">Hydropower</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/indigenouspeoples/research">Indigenous Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/isp/research">Inequality and Shared Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ict/research">Information and Communication Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/irrigationdrainage">Irrigation and Drainage</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://www.wbginvestmentclimate.org/research">Investment Climate</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/jobsandpoverty/research">Jobs and Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/jobsanddevelopment/research">Jobs and Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/labormarkets/research">Labor Markets</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/lawjusticeanddevelopment/research">Law, Justice and Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/macroeconomics/research">Macroeconomics & Fiscal Management</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/measuringpoverty/research">Measuring Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/migrationremittancesdiasporaissues/research">Migration and Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/migrationremittancesdiasporaissues/research">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/nutrition/research">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/open//research">Open Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/pandemics/research">Pandemics</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/paymentsystemsremittances/research">Payment Systems & Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/pensions/research">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/research">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/primarysecondaryeducation/research">Primary and Secondary Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/publicprivatepartnerships">Public-Private Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/reproductivematernalchildhealth/research">Reproductive, Maternal, and Child Health</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/safetynets/research">Safety Nets</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/sanitation/research">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/skillsdevelopment/research">Skills Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/research">Social Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/sustainabledevelopment/research">Sustainable Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/tertiaryeducation/research">Tertiary Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/trade/research">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/transport/research">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/universalhealthcoverage/research">Universal Health Coverage</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/research">Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/research">Water</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/waterresourcesmanagement/research">Water Resources Management </a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/watersupply/research">Water Supply</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 32px"></div> </div> <div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-12 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_12_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="research_dropdown section"> <div class="row"> <!--Start of country--> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="dropdown-v2-seciton"> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <!-- Begin Dropdown-v2 components --> <div class="btn-group dropdown-group"> <button class="dropdown-select-item dropdown-toggle" title="Country Region" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="filter-option">Browse by Collection</span><span class="dropdwon-arrow"></span> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-item"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/1">Annual Reports & Independent Evaluations</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/4">Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2210">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11863">Serial Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/18022">Technical Papers</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23098">Country Strategy Documents</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/6">Economic and Sector Work (ESW) Studies</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/8">Working Papers</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/9387">Knowledge Notes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 32px"></div> </div> <div class="redesign_experts section"> <div id="s06v1-body" class="clearfix"> <h2>Featured Experts</h2> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="s06v1-img "> <a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/p/pinelopi-koujianou-goldberg"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/photos/220x220/2018/may/Penny-Goldberg_Creidt-Michael-Marsland_Yale-University.jpg" alt="© Michael Marsland, Yale University" title=""> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/p/pinelopi-koujianou-goldberg">Pinelopi Goldberg</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Chief Economist, World Bank Group </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="s06v1-img"> <a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/s/shanta-devarajan"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/photos/220x220/2017/jun/220x220_Shanta2017.png" alt="Shanta Devarajan" title=""> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/s/shanta-devarajan">Shanta Devarajan</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Senior Director, Development Economics </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="s06v1-img"> <a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/f/francisco-h-g-ferreira"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/experts/220x220/2018/nov/FFerreira1824-220x220.jpg" alt="Image" title="Francisco Ferreira"> </a></div> <div class="s06v1-content"> <h4><a href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/f/francisco-h-g-ferreira">Francisco H. G. Ferreira</a></h4> <p class="blurb-text">Senior Adviser </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("#s06v1-body").find(".s06v1:last").addClass("mrg-b-0"); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_5_par_1 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div class="wbgajax" data-ajax-component-wbg-inline data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516oe_/https://search.worldbank.org/api/blogs?fl=title,link,author,blog_date,number_of_comments,blog&fct=author_exact&rows=20&format=xml&sq=(blog_exact%3A%22Development%20Impact%22)&lang_exact=english&rows=1" data-ajax-query-parameters="path=cmVkZXNpZ24yMDE2L2VuL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2pjcjpjb250ZW50L3Bhci9zdXBlcmdyaWRfMTIzNDU2L3Bhci9ncmlkbGF5b3V0XzIxMzU5Njg1MTQvZ3JpZF81X3Bhcl8xL2lubGluZV9zZWFyY2hfYXBp&lang=en"> <div style="display:none">Api</div> <img class="img-responsive center-block" style="margin: 0 auto;" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/loaderwb.svg"/> </div> </div> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div class="wbgajax" data-ajax-component-wbg-inline data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516oe_/https://search.worldbank.org/api/blogs?fl=title,link,author,blog_date,number_of_comments,blog&fct=author_exact&rows=20&format=xml&sq=(blog_exact%3A%22Open%20Data%22)&lang_exact=english&rows=1" data-ajax-query-parameters="path=cmVkZXNpZ24yMDE2L2VuL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2pjcjpjb250ZW50L3Bhci9zdXBlcmdyaWRfMTIzNDU2L3Bhci9ncmlkbGF5b3V0XzIxMzU5Njg1MTQvZ3JpZF81X3Bhcl8xL2lubGluZV9zZWFyY2hfYXBpXzMyNzA5NTU2Mw==&lang=en"> <div style="display:none">Api</div> <img class="img-responsive center-block" style="margin: 0 auto;" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/loaderwb.svg"/> </div> </div> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div class="wbgajax" data-ajax-component-wbg-inline data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516oe_/https://search.worldbank.org/api/blogs?fl=title,link,author,blog_date,number_of_comments,blog&fct=author_exact&rows=20&format=xml&sq=(blog_exact%3A%22All%20About%20Finance%22)&lang_exact=english&rows=1" data-ajax-query-parameters="path=cmVkZXNpZ24yMDE2L2VuL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2pjcjpjb250ZW50L3Bhci9zdXBlcmdyaWRfMTIzNDU2L3Bhci9ncmlkbGF5b3V0XzIxMzU5Njg1MTQvZ3JpZF81X3Bhcl8xL2lubGluZV9zZWFyY2hfYXBpXzU1MjA1Mjc4NA==&lang=en"> <div style="display:none">Api</div> <img class="img-responsive center-block" style="margin: 0 auto;" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/loaderwb.svg"/> </div> </div> <div class="inline_search_API section"> <div class="wbgajax" data-ajax-component-wbg-inline data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516oe_/https://search.worldbank.org/api/blogs?fl=title,link,author,blog_date,number_of_comments,blog&fct=author_exact&rows=20&format=xml&sq=(blog_exact%3A%22Let%27s%20Talk%20Development%22)&lang_exact=english&rows=1" data-ajax-query-parameters="path=cmVkZXNpZ24yMDE2L2VuL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2pjcjpjb250ZW50L3Bhci9zdXBlcmdyaWRfMTIzNDU2L3Bhci9ncmlkbGF5b3V0XzIxMzU5Njg1MTQvZ3JpZF81X3Bhcl8xL2lubGluZV9zZWFyY2hfYXBpXzU1Mzg0NDA4Mw==&lang=en"> <div style="display:none">Api</div> <img class="img-responsive center-block" style="margin: 0 auto;" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/img/loaderwb.svg"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="redesign_Expertsearch parbase section"> <div class="full-row-dark-blue-components"> <div class="full-row-search"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 col-centered"> <h2>Find experts </h2> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-8 col-xs-12 col-centered"> <div class="full-row-search-section search-section"> <form class="input-group expertsearch_code_at_the_end" role="search" name="searchbox" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://beta.worldbank.org/en/about/people/all?qterm=" onsubmit="javascript:return false();" method="get"> <input type="text" onfocus="clearField(this)" placeholder="Search name, topic or country..." class="search-input-field-1" name="qterm" title="search"> <input class="search-submit-icon expert-button" type="image" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/search-orange.svg" alt="listingsearch"> </form> <script> $(".expert-button").click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); var qterm = $(this).siblings(".search-input-field-1").val(); if(qterm == "") return false; window.location = $(this).closest(".expertsearch_code_at_the_end").attr("action")+qterm; }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function searchSubmit() { document.searchbox.submit(); } </script></div> <div class="supergrid parbase section"> <div class="row clearfix full-row-white-components" style=" background-color:"> <div class="container"> <div class="par parsys"><div class="redesign_title parbase section"> <div class="row"> <div class="heading-v1 "> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h2 style="color:#333;text-align:Left Align">Additional Resources</h2> </div> </div> </div> <style> .heading-v1-center .lock-icon { color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff; } </style></div> <div class="gridlayout parbase section"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-4 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_4_par_0 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:10px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="redesign_related section"> <!--<script type="text/javascript" src="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/components/redesign_related.js"></script> --> <div class="related-v1-section "> <h3>Content Repositories</h3> <div class="related-v1-wrapper"> <ul> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Open Knowledge Repository" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/">Open Knowledge Repository</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Documents & Reports" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/home">Documents & Reports</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Archives" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/archives">Archives</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="World Bank eLibrary" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://elibrary.worldbank.org/">World Bank eLibrary</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $(".show_more_less").unbind().click( function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find("span").toggle(); $(this).closest(".related-v1-wrapper").find(".ultwo").toggle(); }); }); </script></div> <div class="redesign_related section"> <!----> <div class="related-v1-section "> <h3>Contact Us</h3> <div class="related-v1-wrapper"> <ul> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="General Inquiries" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/mailto:research@worldbank.org">General Inquiries</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="The World Bank/IMF Libraries" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://external.worldbankimflib.org/external.htm">The World Bank/IMF Libraries</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Rights and Permissions" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/mailto:pubrights@worldbank.org">Rights and Permissions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $(".show_more_less").unbind().click( function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find("span").toggle(); $(this).closest(".related-v1-wrapper").find(".ultwo").toggle(); }); }); </script></div> <div class="redesign_related section"> <!----> <div class="related-v1-section "> <h3>The Development Economics Group (DEC)</h3> <div class="related-v1-wrapper"> <ul> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="About DEC" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/unit-dec">About DEC</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Development Research" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/unit-dec#4">Development Research</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Development Data" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://data.worldbank.org/">Development Data</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Development Prospects" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://beta.worldbank.org/en/research/brief/economic-monitoring">Development Prospects</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Global Indicators" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.doingbusiness.org/about-us/global-indicators">Global Indicators</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $(".show_more_less").unbind().click( function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find("span").toggle(); $(this).closest(".related-v1-wrapper").find(".ultwo").toggle(); }); }); </script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" center-right-border"> <div class="grid_4_par_1 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="redesign_related section"> <!----> <div class="related-v1-section "> <h3>Order Publications in Print</h3> <div class="related-v1-wrapper"> <ul> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="How to Order" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/publication/how-to-order-world-bank-publications">How to Order</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Amazon.com" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_ss_i_2_10?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=world+bank+publications">Amazon.com</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="International Distributors" href="/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/infographics/780xany/2018/jan/Catalog_Fall_2018.pdf">International Distributors</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Via e-mail" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/mailto:books@worldbank.org">Via e-mail</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Publications and eProducts Catalog" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/catalog_jan_2019_issuu">Publications and eProducts Catalog</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $(".show_more_less").unbind().click( function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find("span").toggle(); $(this).closest(".related-v1-wrapper").find(".ultwo").toggle(); }); }); </script></div> <div class="redesign_related section"> <!----> <div class="related-v1-section "> <h3>Resources</h3> <div class="related-v1-wrapper"> <ul> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Access to Information" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://beta.worldbank.org/en/access-to-information">Access to Information</a> </li> <li><a data-customlink="nl:body content" data-text="Open Access to Research and Knowledge" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/992881468337274796/World-Bank-Open-Access-Policy-for-Formal-Publications">Open Access to Research and Knowledge</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $(".show_more_less").unbind().click( function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find("span").toggle(); $(this).closest(".related-v1-wrapper").find(".ultwo").toggle(); }); }); </script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 colsplit" id=""> <div class=" "> <div class="grid_4_par_2 parsys"> <div style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;" class="remove-padding-grid"> <div class="s03v2_stay_connected section"> <div class="join-us"> <div class="join-us-socialicon stay_connected_vertical"> <div class="join-us-title" style="color:#333;">STAY CONNECTED</div> <ul> <li class="join-us-list-item" data-sharecurrentpage="no"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://www.facebook.com/worldbankpublications" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:body content" data-text="facebook"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/fb.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="join-us-list-item" data-sharecurrentpage="no"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://twitter.com/wb_research" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:body content" data-text="twitter"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/twitter.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"> <span>Twitter Research</span> </a> </li> <li class="join-us-list-item" data-sharecurrentpage="no"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://twitter.com/wbpubs" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:body content" data-text="twitter"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/twitter.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"> <span>Twitter Publications</span> </a> </li> </ul> <!-- --> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 36px"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="full-row-footer-components"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer-top"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="footer-menu-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://data.worldbank.org/">Data</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/research">Research and Publications</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://olc.worldbank.org/">Learning</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://projects.worldbank.org/?lang=en">Projects and Operations</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country">Countries</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">Topics</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- End left column footer menu section --> <div class="col-lg-7 col-md-7 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <hr class="visible-sm visible-xs"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <div class="social-icon"> <h4> follow us</h4> <ul> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.facebook.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="facebook"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/fb.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.twitter.com/worldbank" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="twitter"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/twitter.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.linkedin.com/company/the-world-bank" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="linkedln"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/linkedln.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://instagram.com/worldbank/" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="instagram"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/instagram.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://www.youtube.com/user/WorldBank" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="youtube"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/youtube.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank" class="social-icon-img" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="flickr"><img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/icons/flickr.svg" alt="Image" class="img-responsive"></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-12 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <!--<hr class="visible-md visible-xs">--> <div class="footer-newsletter"> <h4>newsletter</h4> <div class="search-section"> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/newsletter-subscription?worldbankgroup=true" method="get" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate input-group mySignUpFormDesktop" target="_blank" accept-charset="UTF-8" novalidate=""> <input type="hidden" name="worldbankgroup" value="true"> <input type="text" onfocus="value=''" placeholder="Enter email to subscribe..." class="search-input-field-1" id="fields_email" name="email" id="mce-EMAIL" title="search" data-form="world bank group newsletters:newsletter"> <input class="search-submit-icon" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" type="image" src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/angle-right.svg" alt="listingsearch" data-form="world bank group newsletters:newsletter"> </form> </div> </div> <!-- Begin Language toggler --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <!-- Begin Language toggler --> <div class="lang-switch-wrapper"> <span>This Site in:</span> <div class="lang-switch"> <ul> <li class="dropdown dropup"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/" class="dropdown-toggle lang-lable" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">English <img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs-beta/img/angle-down.svg"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-item"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.bancomundial.org/">Español</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.banquemondiale.org/">Français</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.albankaldawli.org/">عربي</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/">Русский</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.shihang.org/">中文</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/language-resources">View All »</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- End Language toggler --> </div> </div> <!-- End Language toggler --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- End right column footer follow and newsletter section --> </div> </div> <!-- End footer top row --> <div class="footer-bottom"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <div class="list-inline"> <ul> <li> <a class="disclaimer" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal">Legal</a> <a class="disclaimer" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/access-to-information">Access to Information</a> <a class="disclaimer" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/careers">Jobs</a> <a class="disclaimer" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/contacts">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- End disclaimer--> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <div class="footer-fraud"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/fraudandcorruption?clear">REPORT FRAUD OR CORRUPTION</a></div> </div> <!-- End disclaimer and copy right --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- End footer Bottom row --> <div class="full-row-footer-black-components"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-bottom-left"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/"> <img src="/web/20190528013516im_/http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr-redesign/logos/logo-wbg-footer-en.svg" title="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty" alt="The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty"></a> </li> <li> <a class="wbg-partnership" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/ibrd">IBRD</a> <a class="wbg-partnership" title="International Development Association" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.worldbank.org/ida">IDA</a> <a class="wbg-partnership" title="International Finance Corporation" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.ifc.org/">IFC</a> <a class="wbg-partnership" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://www.miga.org/">MIGA</a> <a class="wbg-partnership" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/http://icsid.worldbank.org/">ICSID</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- End logo and Wbg partnership --> <div class="footer-bottom-right"> <div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="footer-copy-right"> © <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- Begin var time = new Date(); var year = time.getYear(); if (year < 2000) year = year + 1900; document.write(year); // End --> </script> The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. </div> </div> </div> <!-- End dropdown and fraud --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var icpForm7077 = document.getElementById('icpsignup7077'); if (document.location.protocol === "https:") icpForm7077.action = "https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://app.icontact.com/icp/signup.php"; function verifyRequired7077() { if (icpForm7077["fields_email"].value == "") { icpForm7077["fields_email"].focus(); alert("The Email field is required."); return false; } return true; } </script> <!-- <div class="floating-bars"> <a class="btn btn-help-to-improve " href='https://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/bold-new-worldbankorg'>Welcome</a> <button type="button" class="btn btn-talk-to-help hidden-xs hidden-sm" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#squarespaceModal" id="feedbut1"> Feedback Survey </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-talk-to-help hidden-md hidden-lg" onclick="window.location='http://www.worldbank.org/en/home-page/feedback'" id="feedbut1"> Feedback Survey </button> </div>--> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190528013516js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign.js"></script> <script> $(function() { $('[data-ajax-component-banner]').each(function() { var $this = $(this), url = $this.data('url'), queryParams = $this.data('ajax-query-parameters'); url = url+"?"; if (queryParams) { url += queryParams; } $.get(url).success(function(data) { $this.replaceWith(data); }); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20190528013516js_/http://www.worldbank.org/etc/designs/wbg/clientlib/js/WebStatsUtil.js?q=nocache"></script> <script> var filters = [], queryParamValue,section=[],sFilters="",sSection=""; var query_string = window.location.search; var paramMap = { 'displayconttype_exact': 'type', 'topic_exact': 'topic', 'admreg_exact':'region', 'count_exact':'country', 'strdate':'startdate', 'enddate':'enddate', 'lang_exact':'language', 'tf':'timeframe', 'docty_exact':'document type', 'lang_spoken_exact':'languages spoken', 'job_title_exact':'role', 'unit_exact':'unit', 'first_name_AlphaBucket_exact':'first name', 'surname_AlphaBucket_exact':'last name', 'sector_exact':'sector', 'status_exact':'status', 'majdocty_exact':'major document type', 'majtheme_exact':'theme', 'teratopic_exact':'topic' }; if(query_string){ var queryPair = query_string.slice(1).split('&'); for (var i = 0; i < queryPair.length; i++) { queryParamValue = queryPair[i].split('=')[1]; queryParamName = queryPair[i].split('=')[0]; if((typeof paramMap[queryParamName]!='undefined') && (queryParamName!='lang_exact') && (queryParamName!='pastevents') && (queryParamName!='futureevents') && (queryParamName!='srt') && (queryParamName!='qterm') && (queryParamName!='x')&&(queryParamName!='y')){ section.push(paramMap[queryParamName]); } if((queryParamName!='qterm') && (queryParamName!='futureevents') && (queryParamName!='pastevents') && (queryParamName!='srt') && (queryParamName!='os') && (queryParamName!='x') && (queryParamName!='lang_exact') &&(queryParamName!='y')){ if(queryParamValue != ''){ filters.push(queryParamValue); } } } sFilters = filters.join(':'); sSection = section.join(':'); sSection = decodeURIComponent(sSection); sSection = sSection.replace(new RegExp("\\+","g"),' '); //s.eVar50= section; sFilters = decodeURIComponent(sFilters); sFilters = sFilters.replace(new RegExp("\\+","g"),' '); //s.list1 =filters; } </script> <script> var wbgData = wbgData || {}; wbgData.page = { pageInfo: { pageName: "en:research", pageCategory: "navigation landing", pageUid: "d98783a4-3835-4f9a-a153-9afad3a9734c", pageFirstPub: "12-16-2016", pageLastMod: "05-21-2019", contentType:"Research", topicTag:"not available", hier1:"ecrcc~other~english", channel:"DEC Research EXT", webpackage:"" }, sectionInfo: { siteSection: "other", subsectionP2:"english", subsectionP3:"", subsectionP4:"", subsectionP5:"" } }, wbgData.site = { siteInfo: { siteLanguage: "en", siteCountry: "", siteEnv: "prod", userIpaddressType:"61.239.49.144", siteRegion:"", siteType:"main", }, techInfo: { cmsType: "AEM", bussVPUnit: "EXT", bussUnit: "ECRCC", bussUserGroup: "External", bussAgency: "ibrd" } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var wbgDataOld = {}; wbgDataOld.page= { pageInfo: { pageName: "en:research", pageTitle:"Research", pageDate:"2016/12/16", hier1: "ecrcc~other~english", hier2: "wbg~en~english~other~english", server:"10.59.72.89", channel:"DEC Research EXT" }, docInfo: { docAuthor: "",//Document author docDate:"",//Document date docRegion:"",//Region docCountry:"" }, teragramInfo: { teragramTopic:"", teragramKeyword:"" }, siteInfo: { siteSection:"other", subSection1:"other~english", subSection2:"other~english", subSection3:"other~english", siteLanguage:"English", siteRank:"1", contentType:"other" }, packageInfo:{ webpackage:"" }, vpuInfo: { vpuLegacy:"EXT", vpu:"ECRCC" }, } var opsAanalytics ={ "projectId" :"NODATA", "upi":"NODATA", "pageName":"other", "tabName":"other", "serverDate":"", "clientDate":new Date().getTime(), "totalResponseTime":"", "pageUrl":(document.URL).replace("https://","").replace("http://",""), "userAgent" :navigator.userAgent, "server":"www.worldbank.org", "appId":"wbgext", "key1":"english", "key2":"", "key3":"", "key4":"", "key5":"", "key6":"Anonymous", "key7":"", "key8":"", "key9":"", "key10":"" }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var appInsights=window.appInsights||function(a){ function b(a){c[a]=function(){var b=arguments;c.queue.push(function(){c[a].apply(c,b)})}}var c={config:a},d=document,e=window;setTimeout(function(){var b=d.createElement("script");b.src=a.url||"https://web.archive.org/web/20190528013516/https://az416426.vo.msecnd.net/scripts/a/ai.0.js",d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0].parentNode.appendChild(b)});try{c.cookie=d.cookie}catch(a){}c.queue=[];for(var f=["Event","Exception","Metric","PageView","Trace","Dependency"];f.length;)b("track"+f.pop());if(b("setAuthenticatedUserContext"),b("clearAuthenticatedUserContext"),b("startTrackEvent"),b("stopTrackEvent"),b("startTrackPage"),b("stopTrackPage"),b("flush"),!a.disableExceptionTracking){f="onerror",b("_"+f);var g=e[f];e[f]=function(a,b,d,e,h){var i=g&&g(a,b,d,e,h);return!0!==i&&c["_"+f](a,b,d,e,h),i}}return c }({ instrumentationKey:"58ed15b0-b454-4329-8b44-a362f4328665" }); window.appInsights=appInsights,appInsights.queue&&0===appInsights.queue.length&&appInsights.trackPageView(); </script> <style> button.editMode { border: 0px; line-height: 16px; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 12px; padding: 10px 22px; position: fixed; right: 5%; float: right; background-color: #39beea; top: 64px; z-index: 1111; right: 98px; } </style> <script> function togglePreviewMode(){ var previewURL = window.location.href; previewURL = previewURL.replace("/content","/cf#/content"); previewURL = previewURL.replace("?wcmmode=disabled",""); previewURL = previewURL.replace("http","https"); window.open(previewURL, "_self"); } </script> <input type="hidden" name="wcmmode" class="WCMmode" value="DISABLED"> <script type="text/javascript">_satellite.pageBottom();</script> <script>$(document).ready(function() { navPageChangeEnd(); }); </script> </body> </html><!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 01:35:16 May 28, 2019 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 02:45:32 Nov 26, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.562 exclusion.robots: 0.026 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.016 esindex: 0.009 cdx.remote: 6.776 LoadShardBlock: 392.658 (6) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 241.616 (7) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 177.342 (3) load_resource: 95.145 -->