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class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>2009 Perak constitutional crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_Perak_constitutional_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2008 Perak state election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/50px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/75px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/100px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Perak state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>8 March 2008</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/2013_Perak_state_election" title="2013 Perak state election">2013</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2004%E2%80%932008)#Perak" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2004–2008)">outgoing members</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2008%E2%80%932013)#Perak" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2008–2013)">members elected</a> →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />59 seats to the <a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak State Legislative Assembly</a><br />30 seats needed for a majority</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registered</th><td class="infobox-data">-</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">Majority party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Minority party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Third party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #000080"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3x4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/112px-3x4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/169px-3x4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/225px-3x4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="4" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #FF0000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Datuk_Ngeh_KH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Datuk_Ngeh_KH.jpg/118px-Datuk_Ngeh_KH.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Datuk_Ngeh_KH.jpg/177px-Datuk_Ngeh_KH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Datuk_Ngeh_KH.jpg/236px-Datuk_Ngeh_KH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1853" data-file-height="2356" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3x4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/112px-3x4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/169px-3x4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/225px-3x4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="4" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tajol_Rosli_Mohd_Ghazali" title="Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali">Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ngeh_Koo_Ham" title="Ngeh Koo Ham">Ngeh Koo Ham</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zulkifly_Ibrahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zulkifly Ibrahim (page does not exist)">Zulkifly Ibrahim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organization">UMNO</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">DAP</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">PKR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">DAP-PAS-PKR coalition</a> (informal) </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">DAP-PAS-PKR coalition</a> (informal) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2003 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2000 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2007 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Pengkalan_Hulu_(state_constituency)" title="Pengkalan Hulu (state constituency)">Pengkalan Hulu</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitiawan_(state_constituency)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sitiawan (state constituency) (page does not exist)">Sitiawan</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Chandan_(state_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukit Chandan (state constituency)">Bukit Chandan</a> (lost) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">52 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">7 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">28 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">18 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">7 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 24 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">399,565<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">188,484 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">118,824 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">47.35% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">22.34% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">14.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fourth party </th> <th style="text-align:center"> </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #009000"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3x4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/112px-3x4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/169px-3x4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/3x4.svg/225px-3x4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="4" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;width:0;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Awang" title="Ahmad Awang">Ahmad Awang</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">PAS</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">DAP-PAS-PKR coalition</a> (informal) </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2003 </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="text-align:center"><i>Not contesting</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">135,352 </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">16.04% </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Perak" title="Menteri Besar of Perak">Menteri Besar</a> before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Tajol_Rosli_Mohd_Ghazali" title="Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali">Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organization">UMNO</a>) </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Perak" title="Menteri Besar of Perak">Menteri Besar</a></b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin" title="Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin">Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">PAS</a>) </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>12th Perak state election</b> was held on 8 March 2008. Polling took place in 59 constituencies throughout the <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">State of Perak</a>, with each electing a state assemblyman to the <a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak State Legislative Assembly</a>. The election was conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Election Commission of Malaysia">Malaysian Election Commission</a>. The state election was held concurrently with the <a href="/wiki/2008_Malaysian_general_election" title="2008 Malaysian general election">2008 Malaysian general election</a>. </p><p>The election proved to be a watershed in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Perak" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Perak">Perak's history</a>, as the incumbent government from <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (BN) was handed an unprecedented and shocking defeat by the opposition, making the election the second time Perak's ruling party was voted out of power; the first was in <a href="/wiki/1969_Malaysian_state_elections#Perak" title="1969 Malaysian state elections">1969</a> when then <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a> failed to gain a majority against opposition parties. The informal coalition of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">Democratic Action Party</a> (DAP), <a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">Parti Islam Se-Malaysia</a> (PAS) and <a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">Parti Keadilan Rakyat</a> (PKR) won 31 seats out of the 59 seats, gaining a simple majority in the Perak State Legislative Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_parties">Political parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_divisions">Electoral divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electoral divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_media">Social media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Social media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rallies">Rallies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rallies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="4">Party or alliance</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th><th scope="col">+/–</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="4" style="width:0px;background-color:#FF6600"></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">DAP-PAS-PKR coalition</a></td><td style="background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">Democratic Action Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">188,484</td><td style="text-align:right">22.34</td><td style="text-align:right">18</td><td style="text-align:right">+11</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#00ADEF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">People's Justice Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">118,824</td><td style="text-align:right">14.08</td><td style="text-align:right">7</td><td style="text-align:right">+7</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#009000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party">Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">135,352</td><td style="text-align:right">16.04</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td><td style="text-align:right">+6</td></tr><tr style="font-style:italic"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right;font-style:italic">442,660</td><td style="text-align:right;font-style:italic">52.46</td><td style="font-style:italic;text-align:right">31</td><td style="text-align:right">+24</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6" style="width:0px;background-color:#000080"></td><td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a></td><td style="background-color:#C00000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a></td><td style="text-align:right">243,672</td><td style="text-align:right">28.88</td><td style="text-align:right">27</td><td style="text-align:right">–7</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#102a7e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">Malaysian Chinese Association</a></td><td style="text-align:right">98,341</td><td style="text-align:right">11.65</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td><td style="text-align:right">–9</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#00A988"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress</a></td><td style="text-align:right">24,216</td><td style="text-align:right">2.87</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–4</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#FF0000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia</a></td><td style="text-align:right">27,595</td><td style="text-align:right">3.27</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">–4</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#DAA520"></td><td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Progressive_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)">People's Progressive Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,741</td><td style="text-align:right">0.68</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr style="font-style:italic"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right;font-style:italic">399,565</td><td style="text-align:right;font-style:italic">47.35</td><td style="font-style:italic;text-align:right">28</td><td style="text-align:right">–24</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td colspan="3">Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">1,635</td><td style="text-align:right">0.19</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="4">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">843,860</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">59</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="8" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>843,860</td><td>97.59</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>20,844</td><td>2.41</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>864,704</td><td>100.00</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>1,196,160</td><td>72.29</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="8" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080416100331/http://elections2.thestar.com.my/election/results/06/06s.html">The Star</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menteri_Besar_and_State_EXCO_appointment_controversy">Menteri Besar and State EXCO appointment controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Menteri Besar and State EXCO appointment controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Datuk_Seri_Ir_Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Datuk_Seri_Ir_Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin.jpg/100px-Datuk_Seri_Ir_Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Datuk_Seri_Ir_Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin.jpg/150px-Datuk_Seri_Ir_Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Datuk_Seri_Ir_Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin.jpg/200px-Datuk_Seri_Ir_Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin, the appointed Menteri Besar of Perak.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the party with the largest number of MLAs in the winning bloc, DAP has the priority in choosing the new Menteri Besar. However the state constitution required the Menteri Besar to be Malay-Muslim, and as all of DAP MLAs are not Malay-Muslim, this disqualifies DAP from having a Menteri Besar candidate, although there is a provision in the state constitution that allows the Sultan of Perak to waive this requirement at his discretion. Regardless, DAP nominated its state chief and MLA for Sitiawan, <a href="/wiki/Ngeh_Koo_Ham" title="Ngeh Koo Ham">Ngeh Koo Ham</a> as its candidate. PAS also named <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin" title="Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin">Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin</a>, MLA for Pasir Panjang and PAS Perak Secretary as its candidate. From PKR, it nominated its state treasurer and MLA for Behrang, <a href="/wiki/Jamaluddin_Mohd_Radzi" title="Jamaluddin Mohd Radzi">Jamaluddin Mohd Radzi</a>. The list of names were submitted to the Regent of Perak to be extended to the Sultan of Perak, in an meeting between leader of the coalition and the Regent on 10 March.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crisis seemingly was averted when Nizar was named the Sultan's choice of the new Menteri Besar of Perak on 12 March 2008, and were planned to be sworn in on the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However DAP Adviser <a href="/wiki/Lim_Kit_Siang" title="Lim Kit Siang">Lim Kit Siang</a> announced his party's disapproval of the decision on the same day, and threatened for DAP to boycott the swearing-in ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Lim later apologized to Sultan of Perak and the Regent of Perak for his statement and DAP retracted their boycott threat,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PKR through its deputy president <a href="/wiki/Syed_Husin_Ali" title="Syed Husin Ali">Syed Husin Ali</a> voiced their disagreement about the state EXCO member composition which are not favourable to PKR, and threatened to pull out of the state government.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The argument were resolved on 14 March, after further discussion between the three parties, when it was decided that DAP would hold 6 EXCO posts including Ngeh as Deputy Menteri Besar 1, PKR 3 Exco posts including an Indian PKR MLA as Deputy Menteri Besar 2, and PAS 1 Exco post, who all will work together with the Menteri Besar-elect, Nizar.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nizar were finally sworn in on 17 March (coincidentally on Nizar's birthday), in front of the Regent of Perak, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Nazrin_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Nazrin Shah">Raja Nazrin Shah</a>, after the 4-day delay from the original swear-in date caused by DAP-PKR-PAS disagreements.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After further discussions between the three parties,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 10 state EXCO members were sworn in on 28 March, initially without portfolio announced;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the portfolio for each EXCO member was confirmed two days later after the first EXCO meeting, which saw the 2 Deputy Menteri Besar posts announced earlier dropped in favour of Ngeh as senior EXCO member.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response of the EXCO composition of only one Indian MLA appointed, <a href="/wiki/A._Sivasubramaniam" title="A. Sivasubramaniam">A. Sivasubramaniam</a>, the MLA for Buntong, resigned from DAP on 31 March, claiming DAP did not fulfill the promise of appointing two Indian MLA in the state EXCO; he retracted his resignation several hours later after discussion with the party leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The DAP-PKR-PAS coalition were later known as <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat</a> from 1 April 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BN_post-mortem">BN post-mortem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: BN post-mortem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 January 2009, BN's MLA for Bota, <a href="/wiki/Nasarudin_Hashim" title="Nasarudin Hashim">Nasarudin Hashim</a>, announced his resignation from UMNO and BN, and joining PR and PKR.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bearing responsibility for the defection of Nasaruddin, Perak state BN and UMNO chief and also former Menteri Besar, <a href="/wiki/Tajol_Rosli_Mohd_Ghazali" title="Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali">Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali</a>, tendered his resignation of all the party posts, which was accepted by UMNO's Supreme Council on 30 January.<sup id="cite_ref-TajolLetakJawatan_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TajolLetakJawatan-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However on 4 February, Nasaruddin announced his return to BN and UMNO.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Tajol's resignation, <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> assumed responsibility as interim Perak state chief of UMNO and BN, until UMNO's party election on March that year,<sup id="cite_ref-TajolLetakJawatan_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TajolLetakJawatan-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which saw <a href="/wiki/Zambry_Abdul_Kadir" title="Zambry Abdul Kadir">Zambry Abdul Kadir</a> elected to the post.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009_Perak_constitutional_crisis">2009 Perak constitutional crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2009 Perak constitutional crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2009_Perak_constitutional_crisis" title="2009 Perak constitutional crisis">2009 Perak constitutional crisis</a></div> <p>The Pakatan Rakyat government led by Nizar only lasts for 11 months until February 2009, when after two PKR MLA (Jamaluddin and <a href="/wiki/Mohd_Osman_Mohd_Jailu" title="Mohd Osman Mohd Jailu">Mohd Osman Mohd Jailu</a>) and one DAP MLA (<a href="/wiki/Hee_Yit_Foong" title="Hee Yit Foong">Hee Yit Foong</a>) disappears from public and subsequently their announcement to become an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> who supports BN, Nizar and the PR government were forced to resign by the Sultan of Perak as they could not command the majority of the Perak Assembly. A new BN government, led by <a href="/wiki/Zambry_Abdul_Kadir" title="Zambry Abdul Kadir">Zambry Abdul Kadir</a> as Menteri Besar, were sworn in on the same day Nizar resigned. This led to a series of court cases between Nizar and Zambry for the Perak government legitimacy, until the final verdict which saw Zambry's government's accepted under the law in February 2010. </p><p>This is the first time the government of the state changed in Peninsular Malaysia as a result of allegiance changing between MLAs; previously this only happened in East Malaysia, with the last time was on <a href="/wiki/1994_Sabah_state_election#Aftermath" title="1994 Sabah state election">1994 in Sabah</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All the figures of votes and seats are a combined result of all the component parties in BN.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perak_state_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWebmaster2009" class="citation web cs1">Webmaster, M. T. (4 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysia-today.net/2009/02/04/if-fresh-state-elections-are-held-in-perak/">"If fresh state elections are held in Perak"</a>. <i>Malaysia Today</i>. Colourworks Design Limited<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysia+Today&rft.atitle=If+fresh+state+elections+are+held+in+Perak&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft.aulast=Webmaster&rft.aufirst=M.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysia-today.net%2F2009%2F02%2F04%2Fif-fresh-state-elections-are-held-in-perak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Perak+state+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/79562">"Perak MB post still undecided"</a></span>. <i>Malaysiakini</i>. 10 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=Perak+MB+post+still+undecided&rft.date=2008-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F79562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Perak+state+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Ong2008" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Ong (12 March 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/79710">"PAS' Nizar is new Perak MB"</a></span>. <i>MalaysiaKini</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=DAP+Perak+rep+U-turns+hours+after+quitting&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F80617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Perak+state+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/80684">"Pembangkang tubuh Pakatan Rakyat"</a>. <i>Malaysiakini</i> (in Malay). 1 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mstar.com.my&rft.atitle=KRONOLOGI+POLITIK+PERAK+DARI+8+MAC+2008&rft.date=2009-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mstar.com.my%2Flokal%2Fsemasa%2F2009%2F05%2F14%2Fkronologi-politik-perak-dari-8-mac-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Perak+state+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TajolLetakJawatan-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TajolLetakJawatan_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TajolLetakJawatan_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISHAK2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ISHAK, ARIFFUDDIN (30 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mstar.com.my/lokal/semasa/2009/01/30/tajol-letak-jawatan-najib-pengerusi-umno-perak">"Tajol letak jawatan, Najib Pengerusi Umno Perak"</a>. <i>www.mstar.com.my</i> (in Malay). Star Media Group Berhad<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.mstar.com.my&rft.atitle=Tajol+letak+jawatan%2C+Najib+Pengerusi+Umno+Perak&rft.date=2009-01-30&rft.aulast=ISHAK&rft.aufirst=ARIFFUDDIN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mstar.com.my%2Flokal%2Fsemasa%2F2009%2F01%2F30%2Ftajol-letak-jawatan-najib-pengerusi-umno-perak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Perak+state+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOthman2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Othman, Jimadie Shah (4 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/97594">"Sebab Adun Bota kembali ke Umno"</a>. <i>Malaysiakini</i> (in Malay)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=Sebab+Adun+Bota+kembali+ke+Umno&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft.aulast=Othman&rft.aufirst=Jimadie+Shah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F97594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Perak+state+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISHAK2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ISHAK, ARIFFUDDIN (24 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mstar.com.my/lokal/semasa/2009/04/24/umno-8-pengerusi-negeri-muka-baru-najib-ketuai-selangor">"Umno: 8 Pengerusi Negeri muka baru, Najib ketuai Selangor"</a>. <i>www.mstar.com.my</i> (in Malay). Star Media Group Berhad<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.mstar.com.my&rft.atitle=Umno%3A+8+Pengerusi+Negeri+muka+baru%2C+Najib+ketuai+Selangor&rft.date=2009-04-24&rft.aulast=ISHAK&rft.aufirst=ARIFFUDDIN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mstar.com.my%2Flokal%2Fsemasa%2F2009%2F04%2F24%2Fumno-8-pengerusi-negeri-muka-baru-najib-ketuai-selangor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2008+Perak+state+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Malaysian_state_elections" title="Template:Malaysian state elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysian_state_elections" title="Template talk:Malaysian state elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian_state_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian state elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_State_elections_in_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">State elections in Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overall results</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1985_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1985 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Malaysian_state_elections" title="1986 Malaysian state elections">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Malaysian_state_elections" title="1990 Malaysian state elections">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Malaysian_state_elections" title="1995 Malaysian state elections">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Malaysian_state_elections" title="1999 Malaysian state elections">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2004 Malaysian state elections">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2008 Malaysian state elections">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2013 Malaysian state elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Malaysian_state_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 Malaysian state elections (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2018 Malaysian state elections">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malaysian_state_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Malaysian state elections">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2021 Malaysian state elections">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2022 Malaysian state elections">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2023 Malaysian state elections">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Johor" title="Elections in Johor">Johor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_Johore_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 Johore state election (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Johore_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Johore state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Johore_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Johore state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Johore_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Johore state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Johore_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Johore state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Johore_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Johore state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Johore_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Johore state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Johor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Johor state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Johor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Johor state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Johor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Johor state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Johor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Johor state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Johor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Johor state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Johor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Johor state election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Johor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Johor state election (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Johor_state_election" title="2018 Johor state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Johor_state_election" title="2022 Johor state election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kedah" title="Elections in Kedah">Kedah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Kedah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Kedah state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kedah_state_election" title="2008 Kedah state election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Kedah_state_election" title="2013 Kedah state election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Kedah_state_election" title="2018 Kedah state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kedah_state_election" title="2023 Kedah state election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kelantan" title="Elections in Kelantan">Kelantan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Kelantan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Kelantan state election (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Kelantan_state_election" title="2018 Kelantan state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kelantan_state_election" title="2023 Kelantan state election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malacca" title="Elections in Malacca">Malacca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Malacca_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Malacca state election (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Malacca_state_election" title="2018 Malacca state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malacca_state_election" title="2021 Malacca state election">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Negeri_Sembilan" title="Elections in Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Negeri Sembilan state election (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election" title="2018 Negeri Sembilan state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Negeri_Sembilan_state_election" title="2023 Negeri Sembilan state election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pahang" title="Elections in Pahang">Pahang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Pahang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Pahang state election (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Pahang_state_election" title="2018 Pahang state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Pahang_state_election" title="2022 Pahang state election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Penang" title="Elections in Penang">Penang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Penang state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Penang_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Penang state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Penang_state_election" title="2008 Penang state election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Penang_state_election" title="2013 Penang state election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Penang_state_election" title="2018 Penang state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Penang_state_election" title="2023 Penang state election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Perak" title="Elections in Perak">Perak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Perak state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Perak_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Perak state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Perak_state_election" title="2013 Perak state election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Perak_state_election" title="2018 Perak state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Perak_state_election" title="2022 Perak state election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Perlis" title="Elections in Perlis">Perlis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Perlis_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Perlis state election (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Perlis_state_election" title="2018 Perlis state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Perlis_state_election" title="2022 Perlis state election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sabah" title="Elections in Sabah">Sabah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Sabah_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Sabah state election (page does not exist)">1964</a> (indirect)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Sabah_state_election" title="1967 Sabah state election">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sabah_state_election" title="1971 Sabah state election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Sabah_state_election" title="1976 Sabah state election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Sabah_state_election" title="1981 Sabah state election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Sabah_state_election" title="1985 Sabah state election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Sabah_state_election" title="1986 Sabah state election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Sabah_state_election" title="1990 Sabah state election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Sabah_state_election" title="1994 Sabah state election">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Sabah_state_election" title="1999 Sabah state election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Sabah_state_election" title="2004 Sabah state election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Sabah_state_election" title="2008 Sabah state election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sabah_state_election" title="2013 Sabah state election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Sabah_state_election" title="2018 Sabah state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Sabah_state_election" title="2020 Sabah state election">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sarawak" title="Elections in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Sarawak_district_council_elections" title="1959 Sarawak district council elections">1959</a> (indirect)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Sarawak_district_council_elections" title="1963 Sarawak district council elections">1963</a> (indirect)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sarawak_state_election" title="1969 Sarawak state election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Sarawak_state_election" title="1974 Sarawak state election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Sarawak_state_election" title="1979 Sarawak state election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Sarawak_state_election" title="1983 Sarawak state election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Sarawak_state_election" title="1987 Sarawak state election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sarawak_state_election" title="1991 Sarawak state election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Sarawak_state_election" title="1996 Sarawak state election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Sarawak_state_election" title="2001 Sarawak state election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Sarawak_state_election" title="2006 Sarawak state election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Sarawak_state_election" title="2011 Sarawak state election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sarawak_state_election" title="2016 Sarawak state election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sarawak_state_election" title="2021 Sarawak state election">2021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Selangor" title="Elections in Selangor">Selangor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Selangor_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Selangor state election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Selangor_state_election" title="2013 Selangor state election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Selangor_state_election" title="2018 Selangor state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Selangor_state_election" title="2023 Selangor state election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Terengganu" title="Elections in Terengganu">Terengganu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_Trengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 Trengganu state election (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_Trengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 Trengganu state election (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1964_Trengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1964 Trengganu state election (page does not exist)">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Trengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Trengganu state election (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1974_Trengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1974 Trengganu state election (page does not exist)">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_Trengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1978 Trengganu state election (page does not exist)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1982_Trengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1982 Trengganu state election (page does not exist)">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1986_Terengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1986 Terengganu state election (page does not exist)">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Terengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 Terengganu state election (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Terengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Terengganu state election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Terengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Terengganu state election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_Terengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 Terengganu state election (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_Terengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 Terengganu state election (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_Terengganu_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 Terengganu state election (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Terengganu_state_election" title="2018 Terengganu state election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Terengganu_state_election" title="2023 Terengganu state election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Singapore" title="Elections in Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_Singaporean_general_election" title="1963 Singaporean general election">1963</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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