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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cloister" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF" title="رواق معمد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رواق معمد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustro" title="Claustro – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Claustro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Клуатр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клуатр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Кружганак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кружганак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Клоатър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клоатър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloastr" title="Kloastr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kloastr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustre" title="Claustre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Claustre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEov%C3%A1_chodba" title="Křížová chodba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křížová chodba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korsgang" title="Korsgang – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Korsgang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzgang" title="Kreuzgang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kreuzgang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristik%C3%A4ik" title="Ristikäik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ristikäik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustro" title="Claustro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Claustro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klostro" title="Klostro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klostro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaustro" title="Klaustro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klaustro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clo%C3%AEtre" title="Cloître – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cloître" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleastergong" title="Kleastergong – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kleastergong" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clabhstra" title="Clabhstra – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Clabhstra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustro" title="Claustro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Claustro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaustar" title="Klaustar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klaustar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klostro" title="Klostro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klostro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klausura" title="Klausura – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Klausura" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiostro" title="Chiostro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiostro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="קלויסטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלויסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klausura" title="Klausura – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Klausura" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustrum_(monasterium)" title="Claustrum (monasterium) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Claustrum (monasterium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A4izgank" title="Kräizgank – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kräizgank" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengta_arkada" title="Dengta arkada – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dengta arkada" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereng%C5%91_(kolostor)" title="Kerengő (kolostor) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kerengő (kolostor)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloostergang" title="Kloostergang – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kloostergang" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="クロイスター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロイスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korsgang" title="Korsgang – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Korsgang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krossgang" title="Krossgang – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krossgang" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clastras" title="Clastras – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Clastras" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohiblar_cherkovi_(klaustrum)" title="Rohiblar cherkovi (klaustrum) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rohiblar cherkovi (klaustrum)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kru%C5%BCganek" title="Krużganek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krużganek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustro" title="Claustro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Claustro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claustru" title="Claustru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Claustru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Клуатр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клуатр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Клуатр – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Клуатр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cloister" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambit" title="Ambit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ambit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kri%C5%BEni_hodnik" title="Križni hodnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Križni hodnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Клаустер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клаустер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaustar" title="Klaustar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klaustar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristik%C3%A4yt%C3%A4v%C3%A4" title="Ristikäytävä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ristikäytävä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korsg%C3%A5ng" title="Korsgång – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Korsgång" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94" title="วิหารคด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิหารคด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" title="Клуатр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клуатр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Open space surrounded by covered walks or open galleries</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about an architectural feature. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cloister_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cloister (disambiguation)">Cloister (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Cloisters_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Cloisters (disambiguation)">The Cloisters (disambiguation)</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_Cathedral,_cloister,_from_top_of_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Salisbury_Cathedral%2C_cloister%2C_from_top_of_tower.jpg/300px-Salisbury_Cathedral%2C_cloister%2C_from_top_of_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Salisbury_Cathedral%2C_cloister%2C_from_top_of_tower.jpg/450px-Salisbury_Cathedral%2C_cloister%2C_from_top_of_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Salisbury_Cathedral%2C_cloister%2C_from_top_of_tower.jpg/600px-Salisbury_Cathedral%2C_cloister%2C_from_top_of_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The cloister at <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury Cathedral</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>cloister</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">claustrum</i></span>, "enclosure") is a covered walk, open gallery, or open <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(architecture)" title="Arcade (architecture)">arcade</a> running along the walls of buildings and forming a <a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_(architecture)" title="Quadrangle (architecture)">quadrangle</a> or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> or church, commonly against a warm southern flank,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorn197313_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorn197313-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually indicates that it is (or once was) part of a <a href="/wiki/Monastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic">monastic</a> foundation, "forming a continuous and solid architectural barrier... that effectively separates the world of the <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> from that of the <a href="/wiki/Serf" class="mw-redirect" title="Serf">serfs</a> and workmen, whose lives and works went forward outside and around the cloister."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorn197313_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorn197313-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cloistered (or claustral) life is also another name for the monastic life of a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nun</a>. The English term <i>enclosure</i> is used in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> church law translations<sup id="cite_ref-Code_of_Canon_Law_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Code_of_Canon_Law-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to mean cloistered, and some form of the Latin parent word "claustrum" is frequently used as a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonymic</a> name for <i><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a></i> in languages such as German.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cloistered_clergy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloistered clergy">Cloistered clergy</a> refers to monastic orders that strictly separate themselves from the affairs of the external world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_cloister">History of the cloister</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloister&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of the cloister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cloisters_at_Gloucester_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/The_Cloisters_at_Gloucester_Cathedral.jpg/300px-The_Cloisters_at_Gloucester_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/The_Cloisters_at_Gloucester_Cathedral.jpg/450px-The_Cloisters_at_Gloucester_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/The_Cloisters_at_Gloucester_Cathedral.jpg/600px-The_Cloisters_at_Gloucester_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6339" data-file-height="3771" /></a><figcaption>The Cloisters at <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral" title="Gloucester Cathedral">Gloucester Cathedral</a>, UK</figcaption></figure> <p>The early medieval cloister had several antecedents: the <a href="/wiki/Peristyle" title="Peristyle">peristyle</a> court of the Greco-Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Domus" title="Domus">domus</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">atrium</a> and its expanded version that served as forecourt to early Christian <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilicas</a>, and certain semi-galleried courts attached to the flanks of early Syrian churches.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Horn" title="Walter Horn">Walter Horn</a> suggests that the earliest <a href="/wiki/Coenobite" class="mw-redirect" title="Coenobite">coenobitic</a> communities, which were established in Egypt by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pachomius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Pachomius">Saint Pachomius</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 320</span>, did not result in cloister construction, as there were no lay serfs attached to the community of monks, and thus no need for separation within the walled community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorn197339–40_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorn197339–40-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horn finds the earliest prototypical cloisters in some exceptional<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> late fifth-century monastic churches in southern Syria, such as the Convent of Saints <a href="/wiki/Sergius_and_Bacchus" title="Sergius and Bacchus">Sergius and Bacchus</a>, at Umm-is-Surab (AD 489), and the <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnaded</a> forecourt of the convent of Id-Dêr,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but nothing similar appeared in the semi-eremitic Irish monasteries' clustered <a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">roundhouses</a> nor in the earliest <a href="/wiki/Benedictine_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine order">Benedictine collective communities</a> of the West.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorn197339–40_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorn197339–40-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the time of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 768–814</span>) the requirements of a separate monastic community within an extended and scattered <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manorial estate</a> led to the development of a "monastery within a monastery" in the form of the locked cloister, an architectural solution allowing the monks to perform their sacred tasks apart from the distractions of laymen and servants.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horn offers as early examples Abbot Gundeland's <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Lorsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Lorsch">"Altenmünster" of Lorsch abbey</a> (765–774), as revealed in the excavations by Frederich Behn.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lorsch was adapted without substantial alteration from a Frankish nobleman's <a href="/wiki/Roman_villa" title="Roman villa"><i>villa rustica</i></a>, in a tradition unbroken from late Roman times.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another early cloister, in the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Riquier" title="Saint-Riquier">abbey of Saint-Riquier</a> (790–799), took a triangular shape, with chapels at the corners, in conscious representation of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A square cloister sited against the flank of the abbey church was built at <a href="/wiki/Inden,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Inden, North Rhine-Westphalia">Inden</a> (816) and the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Wandrille" title="Abbey of Saint Wandrille">abbey of St. Wandrille at Fontenelle</a> (823–833). At <a href="/wiki/Fulda_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda monastery">Fulda</a>, a new cloister (819) was sited to the liturgical west of the church "in the Roman manner"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> familiar from the forecourt of <a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a> because it would be closer to the relics. More recently, <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_Jr." title="John D. Rockefeller Jr.">John D. Rockefeller Jr.</a> commissioned the construction of <a href="/wiki/The_Cloisters" title="The Cloisters">The Cloisters</a> museum and gardens in medieval style in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> in 1930–1938. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloister&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 326.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 324.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cloisters_from_Garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Bonnefont medieval garden at The Cloisters in Manhattan"><img alt="The Bonnefont medieval garden at The Cloisters in Manhattan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Cloisters_from_Garden.jpg/487px-The_Cloisters_from_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Cloisters_from_Garden.jpg/732px-The_Cloisters_from_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Cloisters_from_Garden.jpg/974px-The_Cloisters_from_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Bonnefont <a href="/wiki/Monastic_garden" title="Monastic garden">medieval garden</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Cloisters" title="The Cloisters">The Cloisters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Claustro_de_Santo_Domingo_de_Silos._Galer%C3%ADa_sur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Romanesque cloister of Santo Domingo de Silos, Spain"><img alt="The Romanesque cloister of Santo Domingo de Silos, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Claustro_de_Santo_Domingo_de_Silos._Galer%C3%ADa_sur.jpg/369px-Claustro_de_Santo_Domingo_de_Silos._Galer%C3%ADa_sur.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Claustro_de_Santo_Domingo_de_Silos._Galer%C3%ADa_sur.jpg/555px-Claustro_de_Santo_Domingo_de_Silos._Galer%C3%ADa_sur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Claustro_de_Santo_Domingo_de_Silos._Galer%C3%ADa_sur.jpg/738px-Claustro_de_Santo_Domingo_de_Silos._Galer%C3%ADa_sur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2073" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> cloister of <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Santo_Domingo_de_Silos" title="Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos">Santo Domingo de Silos</a>, Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cloister of Saint-Michel de Grandmont Priory (Languedoc-Roussillon, France)"><img alt="Cloister of Saint-Michel de Grandmont Priory (Languedoc-Roussillon, France)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg/351px-Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg/527px-Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg/702px-Cloitre_prieure_Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4287" data-file-height="2749" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cloister of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel_de_Grandmont_Priory" title="Saint-Michel de Grandmont Priory">Saint-Michel de Grandmont Priory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon">Languedoc-Roussillon</a>, France)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amalfi-Chiostro_del_paradiso.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chiostro del Paradiso, Amalfi Cathedral, Italy"><img alt="Chiostro del Paradiso, Amalfi Cathedral, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Amalfi-Chiostro_del_paradiso.jpg/340px-Amalfi-Chiostro_del_paradiso.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Amalfi-Chiostro_del_paradiso.jpg/511px-Amalfi-Chiostro_del_paradiso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Amalfi-Chiostro_del_paradiso.jpg/680px-Amalfi-Chiostro_del_paradiso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1646" data-file-height="1090" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chiostro del Paradiso, <a href="/wiki/Amalfi_Cathedral" title="Amalfi Cathedral">Amalfi Cathedral</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kreuzgang,_Kloster_Eberbach_20140903_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cloister of the former Cistercian Eberbach Abbey, Germany"><img alt="Cloister of the former Cistercian Eberbach Abbey, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kreuzgang%2C_Kloster_Eberbach_20140903_1.jpg/308px-Kreuzgang%2C_Kloster_Eberbach_20140903_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kreuzgang%2C_Kloster_Eberbach_20140903_1.jpg/463px-Kreuzgang%2C_Kloster_Eberbach_20140903_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kreuzgang%2C_Kloster_Eberbach_20140903_1.jpg/616px-Kreuzgang%2C_Kloster_Eberbach_20140903_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8835" data-file-height="6459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cloister of the former Cistercian <a href="/wiki/Eberbach_Abbey" title="Eberbach Abbey">Eberbach Abbey</a>, Germany</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloister&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">Colonnade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloister&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorn197313-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorn197313_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorn197313_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorn1973">Horn 1973</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Code_of_Canon_Law-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Code_of_Canon_Law_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060619055307/http://www.deacons.net/Canon_Law/cci.htm">"The Code of Canon Law, Canon 667 ff. English translation copyright 1983 The Canon Law Society Trust"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deacons.net/Canon_Law/cci.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Code+of+Canon+Law%2C+Canon+667+ff.+English+translation+copyright+1983+The+Canon+Law+Society+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deacons.net%2FCanon_Law%2Fcci.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACloister" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. German <i>Kloster</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horn 1973 gives these sources.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorn197339–40-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorn197339–40_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorn197339–40_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorn1973">Horn 1973</a>, pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The normal Syrian monastery plan was an open one, Horn observes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horn 1973, plans, figs 9 and 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horn pp 40ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When Lorsch was rebuilt on a neighboring site by Abbot Richbold (784–804) the cloister was made a perfect square, against the south flank of the new church, precisely as in the plan of the 8th-century <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Abbey of Saint Gall</a> (Horn 1973:44, figs 43ab, 45).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When Lorsch was rebuilt on a neighboring site by Abbot Richbold (784–804) the cloister was made a perfect square, against the south flank of the new church, precisely as in the plan of the 8th-century <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Abbey of Saint Gall</a> (Horn 1973:44, figs 43ab, 45).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horn 1973:43 and fig 42ab.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Vita Eigili</i>, the life of Abbot Eigil.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloister&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoomans2018" class="citation book cs1">Coomans, Thomas (2018). <i><span></span></i>Life Inside the Cloister. Understanding Monastic Architecture: Tradition, Reformation, Adaptive Reuse<i><span></span></i>. Leuven University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789462701434" title="Special:BookSources/9789462701434"><bdi>9789462701434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+Inside+the+Cloister.+Understanding+Monastic+Architecture%3A+Tradition%2C+Reformation%2C+Adaptive+Reuse&rft.pub=Leuven+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9789462701434&rft.aulast=Coomans&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACloister" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorn1973" class="citation journal cs1">Horn, Walter (1973). "On the Origins of the Medieval Cloister". <i>Gesta</i>. <b>2</b> (1/2): 13–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F766633">10.2307/766633</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/766633">766633</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192563869">192563869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gesta&rft.atitle=On+the+Origins+of+the+Medieval+Cloister&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=13-52&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192563869%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F766633%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F766633&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACloister" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloister&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/cloister" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/cloister">cloister</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cloisters" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cloisters">Cloisters</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P28.HTM">The Code of Canon Law, cf canons 667 ff.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11164a.htm">New Advent Encyclopaedia III ff. on "Nuns, properly so called"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04060a.htm">"Cloister" in the New Advent encyclopaedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12748b.htm">New Advent Encyclopaedia on "Religious Life"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marcuslink.com/travel/cloisters/">Photos and information on cloisters in France, Italy and Spain</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Cloister"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Cloister">"Cloister" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. VI (9th ed.). 1878. pp. 35–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cloister&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=35-36&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACloister" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Template:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Template talk:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consecrated_life_in_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_virgin" title="Consecrated virgin">Consecrated virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monastic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenobitic_monasticism" title="Cenobitic monasticism">Cenobitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">Enclosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiorrhythmic_monasticism" title="Idiorrhythmic monasticism">Idiorrhythmic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_order_(religious)" title="Second order (religious)">Second orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleric_regular" title="Cleric regular">Cleric regular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/70px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/105px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/140px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_vows" title="Religious vows">Vows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_counsels" title="Evangelical counsels">Evangelical counsels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Vow of poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_chastity" class="mw-redirect" title="Vow of chastity">Chastity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_obedience" title="Vow of obedience">Obedience</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_profession" title="Religious profession">Profession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_silence" title="Vow of silence">Vow of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_Enclosure" title="Vow of Enclosure">Vow of enclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_abbeys_and_priories" title="List of abbeys and priories">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_house" title="Chapter house">Chapter house</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cloister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_monastery" title="Double monastery">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermitage_(religious_retreat)" title="Hermitage (religious retreat)">Hermitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refectory" title="Refectory">Refectory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">Scriptorium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">Prayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Contemplation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">Habit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">Clerical clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coif" title="Coif">Coif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornette" title="Cornette">Cornette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapular" title="Scapular">Scapular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_General_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior General (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>/<a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a>/<a href="/wiki/Prioress" class="mw-redirect" title="Prioress">Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Christian)">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_monks" title="Basilian monks">Basilian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious sister (Catholic)">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nun#Distinction_between_a_nun_and_a_religious_sister" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorite" title="Anchorite">Anchorite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_brother" title="Lay brother">Lay brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_(monastery)" title="Porter (monastery)">Porter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism#Christianity" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foolishness_for_Christ" title="Foolishness for Christ">Foolishness for Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">Tonsure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_discernment_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Vocational discernment in the Catholic Church">Vocational discernment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_cell" title="Monastic cell">Monastic cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_institutes" title="List of religious institutes">List of religious institutes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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