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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rulers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rulers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rulers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_kings_named_Apepi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_kings_named_Apepi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Number of kings named Apepi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_kings_named_Apepi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/15de_Dinastie_van_Egipte" title="15de Dinastie van Egipte – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="15de Dinastie van Egipte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="الأسرة المصرية الخامسة عشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأسرة المصرية الخامسة عشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_be%C5%9Finci_s%C3%BClal%C9%99_(Misir)" title="On beşinci sülalə (Misir) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="On beşinci sülalə (Misir)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai-ki%CC%8Dp_T%C4%93-15_%C3%94ng-ti%C3%A2u" title="Ai-ki̍p Tē-15 Ông-tiâu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ai-ki̍p Tē-15 Ông-tiâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Петнадесета династия на Древен Египет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Петнадесета династия на Древен Египет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVvet_tierniezh_Henegipt" title="XVvet tierniezh Henegipt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XVvet tierniezh Henegipt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_XV_d%27Egipte" title="Dinastia XV d'Egipte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia XV d'Egipte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._dynastie" title="15. dynastie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="15. dynastie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._Dynastie" title="15. Dynastie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="15. Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_XV_de_Egipto" title="Dinastía XV de Egipto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía XV de Egipto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egiptoko_XV._dinastia" title="Egiptoko XV. dinastia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egiptoko XV. dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="دودمان پانزدهم مصر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان پانزدهم مصر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVe_dynastie_%C3%A9gyptienne" title="XVe dynastie égyptienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XVe dynastie égyptienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_dinast%C3%ADa_exipcia" title="XV dinastía exipcia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="XV dinastía exipcia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A0%9C15%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" title="이집트 제15왕조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이집트 제15왕조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_kelima_belas_Mesir" title="Dinasti kelima belas Mesir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti kelima belas Mesir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fimmt%C3%A1nda_konungs%C3%A6ttin" title="Fimmtánda konungsættin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fimmtánda konungsættin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_dinastia_egizia" title="XV dinastia egizia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XV dinastia egizia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ეგვიპტის მეთხუთმეტე დინასტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეგვიპტის მეთხუთმეტე დინასტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV._dinasztia" title="XV. dinasztia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="XV. dinasztia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Петнаесетта египетска династија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Петнаесетта египетска династија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="اسره مصريه خمستاشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسره مصريه خمستاشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/15e_dynastie_van_Egypte" title="15e dynastie van Egypte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="15e dynastie van Egypte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B8%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E7%AC%AC15%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="エジプト第15王朝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エジプト第15王朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._egyptiske_dynasti" title="15. egyptiske dynasti – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="15. egyptiske dynasti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_dynastia" title="XV dynastia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XV dynastia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_dinastia_eg%C3%ADpcia" title="XV dinastia egípcia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="XV dinastia egípcia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_XV-a_Dinastie_Egiptean%C4%83" title="A XV-a Dinastie Egipteană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A XV-a Dinastie Egipteană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="XV династия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XV династия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petnajsta_egip%C4%8Danska_dinastija" title="Petnajsta egipčanska dinastija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Petnajsta egipčanska dinastija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Петнаеста египатска династија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Петнаеста египатска династија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petnaesta_dinastija_Egipta" title="Petnaesta dinastija Egipta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Petnaesta dinastija Egipta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptin_15._dynastia" title="Egyptin 15. dynastia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Egyptin 15. dynastia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptens_femtonde_dynasti" title="Egyptens femtonde dynasti – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Egyptens femtonde dynasti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikalabinglimang_dinastiya_ng_Ehipto" title="Ikalabinglimang dinastiya ng Ehipto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ikalabinglimang dinastiya ng Ehipto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எகிப்தின் பதினைந்தாம் வம்சம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எகிப்தின் பதினைந்தாம் வம்சம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Egyptian dynasty</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1650 BC–c. 1550 BC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_Hyksos_Period.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Egypt during the Fifteenth Dynasty"><img alt="Egypt during the Fifteenth Dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Egypt_Hyksos_Period.png/250px-Egypt_Hyksos_Period.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="510" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Egypt_Hyksos_Period.png/375px-Egypt_Hyksos_Period.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Egypt_Hyksos_Period.png/500px-Egypt_Hyksos_Period.png 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="3220" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Egypt during the Fifteenth Dynasty</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian religion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period of Egypt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1650 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1550 BC</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/16th_Dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Dynasty of Egypt">16th Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> 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.sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Periodization of ancient Egypt">Periods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Dynasties of ancient Egypt">dynasties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none;padding-top:0;font-weight:normal;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">All years are <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Pre-dynastic period</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"></td><td style="text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"> I</td><td style="text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3150–2890</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">Second Dynasty</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"> II</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2890–2686</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> III</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2686–2613</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> IV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2613–2498</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> V</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2498–2345</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2345–2181</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Seventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> spurious</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2181–2160</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Ninth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> IX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2160–2130</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">Tenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> X</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2130–2040</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> Early <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2134–2061</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> Late <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2061–1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1991–1803</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1803–1649</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1705–1690</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fifteenth Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a>)</td><td style="text-align:center;"> XV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1674–1535</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1660–1600</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1650–1600</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">Seventeenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1580–1549</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1549–1292</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1292–1189</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1189–1077</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-first Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1069–945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-second Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 945–720</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 837–728</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fourth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 732–720</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fifth Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Nubian</a>)</td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 732–653</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-sixth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 672–525</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-seventh Dynasty<br />(1st Persian Period)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 525–404</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-eighth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 404–398</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-ninth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 398–380</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirtieth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 380–343</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-first Dynasty<br />(2nd Persian Period)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 343–332</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Thirty-second Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 332–305</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 305–30</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">Thirty-fourth Dynasty<br />(Roman Pharaohs)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 30 BC – 313 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Egypt">Byzantine Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh#History" title="Roman pharaoh">Thirty-fifth Dynasty</a><br />(<i>speculated</i>)</div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 379 AD – 641 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border:none;padding-top:0;font-weight:normal;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">See also: <i><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs">List of pharaohs by period and dynasty</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Periodization of ancient Egypt">Periodization of ancient Egypt</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Template:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Template talk:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Fifteenth Dynasty</b> was a foreign dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>. It was founded by <a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> from West Asia whose people had invaded the country and conquered <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 15th, 16th, and 17th Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a>. The 15th Dynasty dates approximately from 1650 to 1550 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_481_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw_481-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EAE110_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAE110-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dynastic_history">Dynastic history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Dynastic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty are said to have been <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a> is known to have referred to <a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apophis</a>, one of the kings of the dynasty, as "Chieftain of Retjenu (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Caanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Caanan">Caanan</a>)".<sup id="cite_ref-PIE126_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE126-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIE131_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE131-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty formed "the second Asiatic Kingdom in the Delta", covering an area which may have included Canaan itself, although the archaeological record is sparse.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE118_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE118-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIE130_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE130-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dynasty probably lasted for a period of about 108 years.<sup id="cite_ref-IPE119_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPE119-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first king, also described as a <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> (<i>ḥḳꜣw-ḫꜣswt</i>, a "<a href="/wiki/Shepherd" title="Shepherd">shepherd</a>" according to <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Africanus</a>), led his people into an occupation of the Nile Delta area and settled his capital at <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a>. These events put an end to the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no evidence of conflict at that time however, and the settling of the Canaanite populations could have occurred rather peacefully in the power vacuum left by the disintegration of the Fourteenth Dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE131_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE131-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent relations with Egyptian polities, however, were marked with violent conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-EPI140_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPI140-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identity">Identity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a></div> <p>The people of <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a> were called <i>"Aamu"</i> by the Egyptians, which was also the term used to designate the inhabitants of Syria and the Levant, or the enemies of <a href="/wiki/Ramses_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramses II">Ramses II</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kadesh" title="Battle of Kadesh">battle of Kadesh</a>. This has generally been translated as "Western Asiatics" by Egyptologists.<sup id="cite_ref-IS274_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IS274-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>Hyksos</i> was traditionally used to designate foreign chieftains, and more specifically "rulers of the Asiatics", already before the Fifteenth Dynasty and also after it.<sup id="cite_ref-IS274_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IS274-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIE123_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE123-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not an official title of the rulers of the Fifteenth dynasty, and is never encountered together with royal titulature, except in one rare instance in an inscription from Tell el-Dab'a mentioning an unknown king and describing him as a Hyksos.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE123_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE123-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Hyksos" was rather a generic term which is encountered separately from royal titulature, and in regnal lists after the end of the Fifteenth Dynasty itself.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE123_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE123-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIE125_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE125-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another instance, <a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a> is thought to have used the title "Hyksos" early in his reign, and then abandoned it for traditional Egyptian titulature when he invaded the whole of Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE123_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE123-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the first four kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty are known to have used the naming "Hyksos", and after that royal titulature becomes purely Egyptian.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE125_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE125-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_extent">Territorial extent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Territorial extent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Egyptian_dagger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ancient_Egyptian_dagger.jpg/110px-Ancient_Egyptian_dagger.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ancient_Egyptian_dagger.jpg/165px-Ancient_Egyptian_dagger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ancient_Egyptian_dagger.jpg/220px-Ancient_Egyptian_dagger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>Dagger in the name of <a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apophis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Regular conflicts continued with the Egyptian dynasties to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixteenth Dynasty">Sixteenth Dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventeenth Dynasty">Seventeenth Dynasty</a>, with short intervals of peace during which there were some relations with <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE5_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a>, where it replaced the Fourteenth Dynasty, the Fifteenth Dynasty expanded to occupy <a href="/wiki/Memphis_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis (Egypt)">Memphis</a>, leading to the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Dynasty">Thirteenth Dynasty</a> at Memphis. As Egyptian political power disintegrated at Memphis, new dynasties arose in the south, the <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</a> and the Sixteenth Dynasty at <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE132_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE132-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fifteenth Dynasty at one point, after a period of about 20 years since its foundation, extended its rule as far south as <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, entering into conflict with Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE5_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIE132_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE132-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whole of Egypt was conquered during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khayan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE123_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE123-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Abydos Dynasty also vanished on the occasion of these southern conquests.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE132_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE132-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous monuments from conquered areas were brought north to the capital of <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a>, and many were marked with additional inscriptions, especially by <a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apophis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE133_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE133-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of this is contested however. For Alexander Ilin-Tomich, the territory directly ruled by the Hyksos kings of Avaris was likely confined to the eastern Delta and the nature and extent of their control over Middle Egypt remains unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fifteenth Dynasty eventually ended with the conquest of Avaris by the Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE5_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trading relations of the Fifteenth Dynasty were mainly with <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE5_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IS182_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IS182-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIE138_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade with Canaan is said to have been "intensive", especially with many imports of Canaanite wares, and may have reflected the Canaanite origins of the dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE138_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a> stelae, the Hyksos imported "charriots and horses, ships, timber, gold, <a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis lazuli</a>, silver, <a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">turquoise</a>, bronze, axes without number, oil, incense, fat and honey".<sup id="cite_ref-IS182_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IS182-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fifteenth Dynasty also exported large quantities of material looted from southern Egypt, especially Egyptian sculptures, to the areas of Canaan and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. These transfers of Egyptian artifacts to the Near East may especially be attributed to king <a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apophis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIE138_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE138-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade relations with <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> were also very important.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The relation of the Fifteenth Dynasty to Egyptian religious traditions was ambiguous, and they are said by commentators from the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth Dynasty">Eighteenth Dynasty</a> that "they ruled without ackowledging <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Re</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-PIE125_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE125-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dynasty is recorded as having destroyed Egyptian monuments and removed Egyptian statuary for booty, as well as plundering royal tombs, <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose</a> complaining that "pyramids have been torn down".<sup id="cite_ref-PIE145_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIE145-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rulers">Rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Known rulers of the 15th Dynasty are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; width:60%;"> <caption><b>Fifteenth Dynasty</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Dates and comments </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a> as first king of the dynasty; currently unidentified with any known archaeologically attested person. Ruled for 19 years according to Manetho, as quoted by <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SemqenScarabPetrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/SemqenScarabPetrie.png/50px-SemqenScarabPetrie.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/SemqenScarabPetrie.png/75px-SemqenScarabPetrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/SemqenScarabPetrie.png/100px-SemqenScarabPetrie.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </td> <td>Mentioned on the Turin king list. According to Ryholt, he was an early Hyksos ruler, possibly the first king of the dynasty;<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> von Beckerath assigns him to the 16th dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-beck_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beck-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">Aperanat</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png/50px-Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png/75px-Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png/100px-Aperanati_scarab_Petrie.png 2x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="165" /></a></span> </td> <td>Mentioned on the Turin king list. According to Ryholt, he was an early Hyksos ruler, possibly the second king of the dynasty;<sup id="cite_ref-ryholt_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryholt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> von Beckerath assigns him to the 16th dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-beck_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beck-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khyan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Khyan.jpg/50px-Khyan.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Khyan.jpg/75px-Khyan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Khyan.jpg/100px-Khyan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2715" data-file-height="2202" /></a></span> </td> <td>Ruled 10+ years.<sup id="cite_ref-IPE119_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPE119-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stela_Yanassi_by_Khruner.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Stela_Yanassi_by_Khruner.png/59px-Stela_Yanassi_by_Khruner.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Stela_Yanassi_by_Khruner.png/89px-Stela_Yanassi_by_Khruner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Stela_Yanassi_by_Khruner.png/118px-Stela_Yanassi_by_Khruner.png 2x" data-file-width="1329" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Khyan's eldest son, possibly at the origin of the mention of a king Iannas in Manetho's <i>Aegyptiaca</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Named as an Hyksos king on a doorjamb found at <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a>. Regnal order uncertain. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apophis</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/50px-ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/75px-ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png/100px-ScarabBearingNameOfApophis_MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> </td> <td>c. 1590?–1550 BC<br />Ruled 40+ years.<sup id="cite_ref-IPE119_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPE119-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg/50px-Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg/75px-Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg/100px-Cylinder_Khondy_Petrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </td> <td>c. 1550–1540 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 15th Dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> dynasty, ruling from <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a>, without control of the entire land. The Hyksos preferred to stay in northern Egypt since they infiltrated from the north-east. The names and order of kings are uncertain. The <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Turin King list">Turin King list</a> indicates that there were six Hyksos kings, with an obscure Khamudi listed as the final king of the 15th Dynasty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_kings_named_Apepi">Number of kings named Apepi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Number of kings named Apepi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apepi (pharaoh)</a></div> <p>Some scholars argue there were two Apophis kings named Apepi, but this is primarily because there are two known <a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">prenomens</a> for this king: Awoserre and Aqenenre. However, the Danish Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">Kim Ryholt</a> maintains in his study of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Intermediate Period">Second Intermediate Period</a> that these prenomens all refer to one man: Apepi I, who ruled Egypt for 40+X years.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also supported by this king's employment of a third prenomen during his reign: Nebkhepeshre.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apophis likely employed different prenomens over the course of several periods of his reign. This scenario is not without precedent or parallel, since several kings, including <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a>, the famous <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a>, are known to have used two different prenomens during their reigns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA303"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 303–304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=303-304&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw_481-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_481_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2000" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/481"><i>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/481">481</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-815034-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-815034-2"><bdi>0-19-815034-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=481&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-815034-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhisto00shaw%2Fpage%2F481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EAE110-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EAE110_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunson2014" class="citation book cs1">Bunson, Margaret (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-6EJ0G-4jyoC&pg=PA110"><i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0997-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-0997-8"><bdi>978-1-4381-0997-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-0997-8&rft.aulast=Bunson&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-6EJ0G-4jyoC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIE5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE5_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE5_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE5_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE5_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA5"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE126-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIE126_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA126"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE131-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIE131_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE131_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA131"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 131–132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=131-132&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE118-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIE118_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA118"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE130-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIE130_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA130"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPE119-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IPE119_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPE119_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPE119_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA119"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2003" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Ian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yugRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA180"><i>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280458-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280458-7"><bdi>978-0-19-280458-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280458-7&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyugRDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPI140-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPI140_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA140"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IS274-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IS274_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IS274_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2003" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Ian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yugRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA174"><i>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i></a>. OUP Oxford. pp. 274 ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280458-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280458-7"><bdi>978-0-19-280458-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=274+ff&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280458-7&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyugRDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE123-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIE123_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE123_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE123_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE123_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE123_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA123"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 123–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=123-124&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE125-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIE125_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE125_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE125_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA125"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE132-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIE132_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE132_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE132_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA132"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 132–133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=132-133&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE133-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIE133_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA133"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlin-Tomich2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ilin-Tomich, Alexander (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/72q561r2">"Second Intermediate Period"</a>. <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>: 1–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Encyclopedia+of+Egyptology&rft.atitle=Second+Intermediate+Period&rft.pages=1-21&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Ilin-Tomich&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F72q561r2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IS182-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IS182_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IS182_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2003" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Ian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yugRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA182"><i>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i></a>. OUP Oxford. pp. 182–183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280458-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280458-7"><bdi>978-0-19-280458-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=182-183&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280458-7&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyugRDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE138-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIE138_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE138_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIE138_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA138"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 138–139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=138-139&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA141"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIE145-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIE145_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholtBülow-Jacobsen1997" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&pg=PA145"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 145–148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+During+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+C.+1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pages=145-148&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=K.+S.+B.&rft.au=B%C3%BClow-Jacobsen%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFifteenth+Dynasty+of+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ryholt-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryholt_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">K.S.B. Ryholt</a>: <i>The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1800–1550 BC</span></i>, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&q=Semqen">excerpts available online here.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beck-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beck_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beck_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">Jürgen von Beckerath</a>: <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i>, Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : P. von Zabern, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-2591-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-2591-6">3-8053-2591-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediafire.com/view/?4xjd6j4qed3c9vl">available online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222200801/http://www.mediafire.com/view/?4xjd6j4qed3c9vl">Archived</a> 2015-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> see p. 120–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim Ryholt, <i>The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1800-1550 B.C.</span></i> by Museum Tuscalanum Press. 1997. p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/2interkings/kings2intermediateryholt.html">Kings of the Second Intermediate Period</a> University College London; scroll down to the 15th dynasty</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kim Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1800-1550 B.C.</span>" by Museum Tuscalanum Press (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-7289-421-0" title="Special:BookSources/87-7289-421-0">87-7289-421-0</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:15th_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:15th dynasty of Egypt">15th dynasty of Egypt</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Egyptian dynasties">Dynasty of Egypt</a> </b><br />1650−1550 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixteenth Dynasty</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&oldid=1230413511">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt&oldid=1230413511</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Category:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_the_17th_century_BC" title="Category:States and territories established in the 17th century BC">States and territories established in the 17th century BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_the_16th_century_BC" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in the 16th century BC">States and territories disestablished in the 16th century BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hyksos" title="Category:Hyksos">Hyksos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Dynasties of ancient Egypt">Dynasties of ancient Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th_century_BC_in_Egypt" title="Category:17th century BC in Egypt">17th century BC in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th_century_BC_in_Egypt" title="Category:16th century BC in Egypt">16th century BC in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_BC_establishments_in_Egypt" title="Category:17th-century BC establishments in Egypt">17th-century BC establishments in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2nd-millennium_BC_disestablishments_in_Egypt" title="Category:2nd-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt">2nd-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_BC_disestablishments" title="Category:16th-century BC disestablishments">16th-century BC disestablishments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2nd_millennium_BC_in_Egypt" title="Category:2nd millennium BC in Egypt">2nd millennium BC in Egypt</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 June 2024, at 15:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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