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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-EF-G_on_the_ribosome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EF-G_on_the_ribosome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>EF-G on the ribosome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EF-G_on_the_ribosome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Binding_to_L7/L12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binding_to_L7/L12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Binding to L7/L12</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binding_to_L7/L12-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaction_with_the_GTPase_Associated_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaction_with_the_GTPase_Associated_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Interaction with the GTPase Associated Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaction_with_the_GTPase_Associated_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function_in_protein_elongation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function_in_protein_elongation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function in protein elongation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function_in_protein_elongation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function_in_protein_termination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function_in_protein_termination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function in protein termination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function_in_protein_termination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prokaryotic elongation factor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Protein-synthesizing GTPase</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F.jpg/200px-EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F.jpg" decoding="async" 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colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Databases</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/IntEnz" title="IntEnz">IntEnz</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=3.6.5.3">IntEnz view</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/BRENDA" title="BRENDA">BRENDA</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=3.6.5.3">BRENDA entry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ExPASy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/3.6.5.3">NiceZyme view</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?enzyme+3.6.5.3">KEGG entry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/MetaCyc" title="MetaCyc">MetaCyc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biocyc.org/META/substring-search?type=NIL&object=3.6.5.3">metabolic pathway</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/PRIAM_enzyme-specific_profiles" title="PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles">PRIAM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://priam.prabi.fr/cgi-bin/PRIAM_profiles_CurrentRelease.pl?EC=3.6.5.3">profile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity.rcsb_ec_lineage.id:3.6.5.3">RCSB PDB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?ec_number:3.6.5.3">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=3.6.5.3">PDBsum</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=3.6.5.3%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D%20AND%20pubmed%20pmc%20local%5Bsb%5D">articles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=3.6.5.3%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D">articles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein?term=3.6.5.3%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D">proteins</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Translation elongation factor EFG/EF2</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">Transl_elong_EFG/EF2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR004540">IPR004540</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1n0u">1n0u</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1n0u">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1n0u">SUPFAM</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">EFG/EF2, domain IV</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">EFG_IV</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF03764">PF03764</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a> clan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/set/pfam/CL0329/">CL0329</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Simple_Modular_Architecture_Research_Tool" title="Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool">SMART</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=SM00889">SM00889</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Conserved_Domain_Database" title="Conserved Domain Database">CDD</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=cd01434">cd01434</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF03764?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF03764">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF03764%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF03764">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF03764">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF03764">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>EF-G</b> (<b>elongation factor G</b>, historically known as <b>translocase</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_elongation_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic elongation factor">prokaryotic elongation factor</a> involved in <a href="/wiki/Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)">mRNA translation</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/GTPase" title="GTPase">GTPase</a>, EF-G catalyzes the movement (translocation) of <a href="/wiki/Transfer_RNA" title="Transfer RNA">transfer RNA</a> (tRNA) and <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">messenger RNA</a> (mRNA) through the <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shoji_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shoji-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Encoded by the <i>fusA</i> gene on the <i>str</i> operon,<sup id="cite_ref-Post_4660–4666_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post_4660–4666-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EF-G is made up of 704 amino acids that form 5 <a href="/wiki/Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domains</a>, labeled Domain I through Domain V. Domain I may be referred to as the G-domain or as Domain I(G), since it binds to and hydrolyzes <a href="/wiki/Guanosine_triphosphate" title="Guanosine triphosphate">guanosine triphosphate</a> (GTP). Domain I also helps EF-G bind to the ribosome, and contains the N-terminal of the <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">polypeptide</a> chain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domain IV is important for translocation, as it undergoes a significant conformational change and enters the A site on the <a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_small_ribosomal_subunit" title="Prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit">30S ribosomal subunit</a>, pushing the mRNA and tRNA molecules from the A site to the P site.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The five domains may be also separated into two super-domains. Super-domain I consists of Domains I and II, and super-domain II consists of Domains III - IV. Throughout translocation, super-domain I will remain relatively unchanged, as it is responsible for binding tightly to the ribosome. However, super-domain II will undergo a large rotational motion from the pre-translocational (PRE) state to the post-translocational (POST) state. Super-domain I is similar to the corresponding sections of <a href="/wiki/EF-Tu" title="EF-Tu">EF-Tu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Super-domain II in the POST state mimics the tRNA molecule of the <a href="/wiki/EF-Tu" title="EF-Tu">EF-Tu</a> • GTP • aa-tRNA <a href="/wiki/Ternary_complex" title="Ternary complex">ternary complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F_(labeled).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F_%28labeled%29.jpg/220px-EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F_%28labeled%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F_%28labeled%29.jpg/330px-EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F_%28labeled%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F_%28labeled%29.jpg/440px-EF-G_Post_State_PDB_4V5F_%28labeled%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Crystal structure of EF-G in the POST state with Domains I - V labeled. PDB ID: 4V5F</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EF-G_on_the_ribosome">EF-G on the ribosome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: EF-G on the ribosome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Binding_to_L7/L12"><span id="Binding_to_L7.2FL12"></span>Binding to L7/L12</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Binding to L7/L12"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_protein" title="Ribosomal protein">L7/L12</a> is only a multicopy protein on the <a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_large_ribosomal_subunit" title="Prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit">large ribosomal subunit</a> of the bacterial ribosome that binds to certain GTPases, like <a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_initiation_factor-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic initiation factor-2">Initiation Factor 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/EF-Tu" title="EF-Tu">Elongation factor-Tu</a>, Release Factor 3, and EF-G.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, the C-terminal of L7/L12 will bind to EF-G and is necessary for GTP hydrolysis.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interaction_with_the_GTPase_Associated_Center">Interaction with the GTPase Associated Center</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interaction with the GTPase Associated Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GTPase Associated Center (GAC) is a region on the large ribosomal subunit that consists of two smaller regions of 23S ribosomal RNA called the L11 stalk and the sarcin-ricin loop (SRL).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a highly conserved rRNA loop in evolution, the SRL is critical in helping GTPases bind to the ribosome, but is not essential for GTP hydrolysis. There is some evidence to support that a phosphate oxygen in the A2662 residue of the SRL may help hydrolyze GTP.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EF-G,_mRNA,_and_tRNAs_in_POST_state_PDB_4W29.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/EF-G%2C_mRNA%2C_and_tRNAs_in_POST_state_PDB_4W29.gif/220px-EF-G%2C_mRNA%2C_and_tRNAs_in_POST_state_PDB_4W29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/EF-G%2C_mRNA%2C_and_tRNAs_in_POST_state_PDB_4W29.gif/330px-EF-G%2C_mRNA%2C_and_tRNAs_in_POST_state_PDB_4W29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/EF-G%2C_mRNA%2C_and_tRNAs_in_POST_state_PDB_4W29.gif/440px-EF-G%2C_mRNA%2C_and_tRNAs_in_POST_state_PDB_4W29.gif 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Animation of the 70S ribosome with the P site tRNA (orange), E site tRNA (green), mRNA (yellow), and elongation factor G (red) in the POST state. PDB ID: 4W29</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function_in_protein_elongation">Function in protein elongation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Function in protein elongation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>EF-G catalyzes the translocation of the tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome at the end of each round of polypeptide elongation.<sup id="cite_ref-shoji_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shoji-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this process, the <a href="/wiki/Peptidyl_transferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptidyl transferase">peptidyl transferase</a> center (PTC) has catalyzed the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids, moving the polypeptide chain from the P site tRNA to the A site tRNA. The 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits are now allowed to rotate relative to each other by approximately 7°.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subunit rotation is coupled with the movement of the 3' ends of both tRNA molecules on the large subunit from the A and P sites to the P and E sites, respectively, while the anticodon loops remain unshifted. This rotated ribosomal intermediate, in which the first tRNA occupies a hybrid A/P position and the second tRNA occupies a hybrid P/E position is a substrate for EF-G-GTP.<sup id="cite_ref-shoji_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shoji-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/GTPase" title="GTPase">GTPase</a>, EF-G binds to the rotated ribosome near the A site in its GTP-bound state, and hydrolyzes GTP, releasing GDP and inorganic phosphate: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {GTP + H2O -> GDP + P_{i}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>GTP</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>GDP</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>P</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>i</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {GTP + H2O -> GDP + P_{i}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e0c17a491c8cde88659703add43081f0a337882" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.923ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {GTP + H2O -> GDP + P_{i}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>The hydrolysis of GTP allows for a large conformational change within EF-G, forcing the A/P tRNA to fully occupy the P site, the P/E tRNA to fully occupy the E site (and exit the ribosome complex), and the mRNA to shift three nucleotides down relative to the ribosome. The GDP-bound EF-G molecule then dissociates from the complex, leaving another free A-site where the elongation cycle can start again.<sup id="cite_ref-shoji_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shoji-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EF-G_and_tRNAs_in_the_POST_state.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EF-G_and_tRNAs_in_the_POST_state.jpg/220px-EF-G_and_tRNAs_in_the_POST_state.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EF-G_and_tRNAs_in_the_POST_state.jpg/330px-EF-G_and_tRNAs_in_the_POST_state.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/EF-G_and_tRNAs_in_the_POST_state.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Crystal structure of the ribosome with two tRNAs (orange and green) and EF-G (in cyan) after translocation. PDB ID: 4W29.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function_in_protein_termination">Function in protein termination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Function in protein termination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protein elongation continues until a <a href="/wiki/Stop_codon" title="Stop codon">stop codon</a> appears on the mRNA. A Class I <a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_release_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic release factors">release factor</a> (RF1 or RF2) binds to the stop codon, which induces hydrolysis of the tRNA-peptide bond in the P site, allowing the newly-formed protein to exit the ribosome. The nascent peptide continues to fold and leaves the 70S ribosome, the mRNA, the deacylated tRNA (P site), and the Class I release factor (A site).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a GTP-dependent manner, the subsequent recycling is catalyzed by a Class II release factor named RF3/prfC, <a href="/wiki/Ribosome_recycling_factor" title="Ribosome recycling factor">Ribosome recycling factor</a> (RRF), <a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_initiation_factor-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic initiation factor-3">Initiation Factor 3</a> (IF3) and EF-G. The protein RF3 releases the Class I release factor so that it may occupy the ribosomal A site. EF-G hydrolyzes GTP and undergoes a large conformational change to push RF3 down the ribosome, which occurs alongside tRNA dissociation and promotes the ribosomal subunit rotation. This motion actively splits the B2a/B2b bridge, which connects the 30S and the 50S subunits, so that the ribosome can split.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IF3 then isolates the 30S subunit to prevent re-association of the large and small subunits.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>EF-G in <a href="/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria" title="Pathogenic bacteria">pathogenic bacteria</a> can be inhibited by <a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">antibiotics</a> that prevent EF-G from binding to the ribosome,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> carrying out translocation<sup id="cite_ref-:5_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or dissociating from the ribosome.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, the antibiotic <a href="/wiki/Thiostrepton" title="Thiostrepton">thiostrepton</a> prevents EF-G from binding stably to the ribosome,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the antibiotics dityromycin and GE82832 inhibit the activity of EF-G by preventing the translocation of the A site tRNA. Dityromycin and GE82832 do not affect the binding of EF-G to the ribosome, however.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The antibiotic <a href="/wiki/Fusidic_acid" title="Fusidic acid">fusidic acid</a> is known to inhibit <i><a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Staphylococcus aureus">Staphylococcus aureus</a></i> and other <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> by binding to EF-G after one translocation event on the ribosome, preventing EF-G from dissociating.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some bacterial strains have developed resistance to fusidic acid due to <a href="/wiki/Point_mutation" title="Point mutation">point mutations</a> in the <i>fusA</i> gene, which prevents fusidic acid from binding to EF-G.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15935566_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15935566-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10931308_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10931308-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/GTPase#Translation_factor_family" title="GTPase">GTPase § Translation factor family</a></div> <p>EF-G has a complex evolutionary history, with numerous paralogous versions of the factor present in bacteria, suggesting subfunctionalization of different EF-G variants.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elongation factors exist in all three <a href="/wiki/Domain_(biology)" title="Domain (biology)">domains</a> of life with similar function on the ribosome. The <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archeal</a> homologs of EF-G are <a href="/wiki/EEF2" title="EEF2">eEF2</a> and aEF2, respectively. In bacteria (and some archaea), the <i>fusA</i> gene that encodes EF-G is found within the conserved <i>str</i> gene with the sequence 5′ - <i>rpsL - rpsG - fusA - tufA</i> - 3′.<sup id="cite_ref-Post_4660–4666_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post_4660–4666-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, two other major forms of EF-G exist in some species of <a href="/wiki/Spirochaetota" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirochaetota"><b>S</b>pirochaetota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planctomycetota" title="Planctomycetota"><b>P</b>lanctomycetota</a>, and δ-<b>P</b>roteobacteria (which has since been split and renamed <a href="/wiki/Bdellovibrionota" title="Bdellovibrionota">Bdellovibrionota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myxococcota" title="Myxococcota">Myxococcota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thermodesulfobacteriota" title="Thermodesulfobacteriota">Thermodesulfobacteriota</a>), which form the <b>spd</b> group of bacteria that have elongation factors spdEFG1 and spdEFG2.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From spdEFG1 and spdEFG2 evolved the mitochondrial elongation factors mtEFG1 (<a href="/wiki/GFM1" title="GFM1">GFM1</a>) and mtEFG2 (<a href="/wiki/GFM2" title="GFM2">GFM2</a>), respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two roles of EF-G in elongation and termination of protein translation are split amongst the mitochondrial elongation factors, with mtEFG1 responsible for translocation and mtEFG2 responsible for termination and ribosomal recycling with mitochondrial <a href="/wiki/Ribosome_recycling_factor" title="Ribosome recycling factor">RRF</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_elongation_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic elongation factors">Prokaryotic elongation factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EF-Ts" title="EF-Ts">EF-Ts</a> (elongation factor thermo stable)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EF-Tu" title="EF-Tu">EF-Tu</a> (elongation factor thermo unstable)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elongation_factor_P" title="Elongation factor P">EF-P</a> (elongation factor P)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEF2" title="EEF2">eEF2</a> (eukaryotic elongation factor 2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)">Protein translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTPase" title="GTPase">GTPase</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-shoji-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shoji_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shoji_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shoji_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shoji_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150367">"A Computational Study of Elongation Factor G (EFG) Duplicated Genes: Diverged Nature Underlying the Innovation on the Same Structural Template"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>6</b> (8): e22789. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...622789M">2011PLoSO...622789M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022789">10.1371/journal.pone.0022789</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150367">3150367</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21829651">21829651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=A+Computational+Study+of+Elongation+Factor+G+%28EFG%29+Duplicated+Genes%3A+Diverged+Nature+Underlying+the+Innovation+on+the+Same+Structural+Template&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=e22789&rft.date=2011-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3150367%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PLoSO...622789M&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21829651&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022789&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Margus&rft.aufirst=T%C3%B5nu&rft.au=Remm%2C+Maido&rft.au=Tenson%2C+Tanel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3150367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEF-G" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarboneLovelandGamperHou2021" class="citation journal cs1">Carbone, Christine E.; Loveland, Anna B.; Gamper, Howard B.; Hou, Ya-Ming; Demo, Gabriel; Korostelev, Andrei A. (December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8668904">"Time-resolved cryo-EM visualizes ribosomal translocation with EF-G and GTP"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 7236. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-021-27415-0">10.1038/s41467-021-27415-0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8668904">8668904</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Time-resolved+cryo-EM+visualizes+ribosomal+translocation+with+EF-G+and+GTP&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7236&rft.date=2021-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8668904%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-021-27415-0&rft.aulast=Carbone&rft.aufirst=Christine+E.&rft.au=Loveland%2C+Anna+B.&rft.au=Gamper%2C+Howard+B.&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ya-Ming&rft.au=Demo%2C+Gabriel&rft.au=Korostelev%2C+Andrei+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8668904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEF-G" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EF-G&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Peptide+Elongation+Factor+G">Peptide+Elongation+Factor+G</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protein_biosynthesis:_translation_(bacterial,_archaeal,_eukaryotic)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genetic_translation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Genetic translation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protein_biosynthesis:_translation_(bacterial,_archaeal,_eukaryotic)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis" title="Protein biosynthesis">Protein biosynthesis</a>: <a href="/wiki/Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)">translation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bacterial_translation" title="Bacterial translation">bacterial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeal_translation" title="Archaeal translation">archaeal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_translation" title="Eukaryotic translation">eukaryotic</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proteins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Initiation_factor" title="Initiation factor">Initiation factor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bacterial_initiation_factor" title="Bacterial initiation factor">Bacterial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_initiation_factor-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic initiation factor-1">IF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_initiation_factor-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic initiation factor-2">IF2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_initiation_factor_IF-3" title="Translation initiation factor IF-3">IF3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">Mitochondrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MTIF1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MTIF1 (page does not exist)">MTIF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTIF2" title="MTIF2">MTIF2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MTIF3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MTIF3 (page does not exist)">MTIF3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeal_initiation_factors" title="Archaeal initiation factors">Archaeal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeal_initiation_factor-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeal initiation factor-1 (page does not exist)">aIF1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeal_initiation_factor-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeal initiation factor-3 (page does not exist)">aIF2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeal_initiation_factor-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeal initiation factor-5 (page does not exist)">aIF5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeal_initiation_factor-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeal initiation factor-6 (page does not exist)">aIF6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_initiation_factor" title="Eukaryotic initiation factor">Eukaryotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/EIF1" title="EIF1">eIF1</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF1" title="EIF1">eIF1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF1B" title="EIF1B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUI1" title="SUI1">SUI1 family</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF1AX" title="EIF1AX">eIF1A</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF1AY" title="EIF1AY">Y</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/EIF2" title="EIF2">eIF2</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF2S1" title="EIF2S1">α</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF-2_kinase" title="EIF-2 kinase">kinase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF2S2" title="EIF2S2">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF2S3" title="EIF2S3">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF2A" title="EIF2A">eIF2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF2B" title="EIF2B">eIF2B</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF2B1" title="EIF2B1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF2B2" title="EIF2B2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF2B3" title="EIF2B3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF2B4" title="EIF2B4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF2B5" title="EIF2B5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGTN" title="LGTN">eIF2D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/EIF3" class="mw-redirect" title="EIF3">eIF3</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF3A" title="EIF3A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3B" title="EIF3B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3C" title="EIF3C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3D" title="EIF3D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3S6" title="EIF3S6">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3F" title="EIF3F">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3G" title="EIF3G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3H" title="EIF3H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3I" title="EIF3I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3J" title="EIF3J">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3K" title="EIF3K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3EIP" title="EIF3EIP">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF3M" title="EIF3M">M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/EIF4" class="mw-redirect" title="EIF4">eIF4</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF4A" title="EIF4A">A</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF4A1" title="EIF4A1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4A2" title="EIF4A2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4A3" title="EIF4A3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4E" title="EIF4E">E1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF4E2" title="EIF4E2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4E3" title="EIF4E3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4G" title="EIF4G">G</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_translation_initiation_factor_4_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4G2" title="EIF4G2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4G3" title="EIF4G3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4B" title="EIF4B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF4H" title="EIF4H">H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/EIF5" title="EIF5">eIF5</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF5" title="EIF5">EIF5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF5A" title="EIF5A">EIF5A</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF5A2" title="EIF5A2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIF5B" title="EIF5B">5B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/EIF6" title="EIF6">eIF6</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EIF6" title="EIF6">EIF6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elongation_factor" title="Elongation factor">Elongation factor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Bacterial/<wbr />Mitochondrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EF-Tu" title="EF-Tu">EF-Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EF-Ts" title="EF-Ts">EF-Ts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EF-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EF-4" title="EF-4">EF-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elongation_factor_P" title="Elongation factor P">EF-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSFM" title="TSFM">TSFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFM1" title="GFM1">GFM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFM2" title="GFM2">GFM2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Archaeal/<wbr />Eukaryotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEF-1" title="EEF-1">a/eEF-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_translation_elongation_factor_1_alpha_1" title="Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1">A1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEF1A2" title="EEF1A2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EEF1A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EEF1A3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEF1B2" title="EEF1B2">B</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EEF1B2P1" title="EEF1B2P1">P1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEF1B2P2" title="EEF1B2P2">P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEF1B2P3" title="EEF1B2P3">P3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEF1D" title="EEF1D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEF1E1" title="EEF1E1">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEF1G" title="EEF1G">G</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEF2" title="EEF2">a/eEF-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Release_factor" title="Release factor">Release factor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Class 1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ERF1" class="mw-redirect" title="ERF1">eRF1</a></li></ul></li> <li>Class 2/RF3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSPT1" title="GSPT1">GSPT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSPT2" title="GSPT2">GSPT2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_protein" title="Ribosomal protein">Ribosomal Proteins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">Cytoplasmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_large_ribosomal_subunit_(60S)" title="Eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit (60S)">60S subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L3" title="60S ribosomal protein L3">RPL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L4" title="60S ribosomal protein L4">RPL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L5" title="60S ribosomal protein L5">RPL5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L6" title="60S ribosomal protein L6">RPL6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L7" title="60S ribosomal protein L7">RPL7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L7a" title="60S ribosomal protein L7a">RPL7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L8" title="60S ribosomal protein L8">RPL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L9" title="60S ribosomal protein L9">RPL9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L10" title="60S ribosomal protein L10">RPL10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L10a" title="60S ribosomal protein L10a">RPL10A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L10-like" title="60S ribosomal protein L10-like">RPL10-like</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L11" title="60S ribosomal protein L11">RPL11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L12" title="60S ribosomal protein L12">RPL12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L13" title="60S ribosomal protein L13">RPL13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L13a" title="60S ribosomal protein L13a">RPL13A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L14" title="60S ribosomal protein L14">RPL14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L15" title="60S ribosomal protein L15">RPL15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L17" title="60S ribosomal protein L17">RPL17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L18" title="60S ribosomal protein L18">RPL18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L18a" title="60S ribosomal protein L18a">RPL18A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L19" title="60S ribosomal protein L19">RPL19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L21" title="60S ribosomal protein L21">RPL21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L22" title="60S ribosomal protein L22">RPL22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L23" title="60S ribosomal protein L23">RPL23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L23a" title="60S ribosomal protein L23a">RPL23A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L24" title="60S ribosomal protein L24">RPL24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L26" title="60S ribosomal protein L26">RPL26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L27" title="60S ribosomal protein L27">RPL27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L27a" title="60S ribosomal protein L27a">RPL27A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L28" title="60S ribosomal protein L28">RPL28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L29" title="60S ribosomal protein L29">RPL29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L30" title="60S ribosomal protein L30">RPL30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L31" title="60S ribosomal protein L31">RPL31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L32" title="60S ribosomal protein L32">RPL32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L34" title="60S ribosomal protein L34">RPL34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L35" title="60S ribosomal protein L35">RPL35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L35a" title="60S ribosomal protein L35a">RPL35A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L36" title="60S ribosomal protein L36">RPL36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L36a" title="60S ribosomal protein L36a">RPL36A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L37" title="60S ribosomal protein L37">RPL37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L37a" title="60S ribosomal protein L37a">RPL37A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L38" title="60S ribosomal protein L38">RPL38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L39" title="60S ribosomal protein L39">RPL39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquitin_A-52_residue_ribosomal_protein_fusion_product_1" title="Ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1">RPL40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L41" title="60S ribosomal protein L41">RPL41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_acidic_ribosomal_protein_P0" title="60S acidic ribosomal protein P0">RPLP0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_acidic_ribosomal_protein_P1" title="60S acidic ribosomal protein P1">RPLP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60S_acidic_ribosomal_protein_P2" title="60S acidic ribosomal protein P2">RPLP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRP15" title="RRP15">RRP15-like</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probable_ribosome_biogenesis_protein_RLP24" title="Probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24">RSL24D1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_small_ribosomal_subunit_(40S)" title="Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)">40S subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_protein_SA" title="Ribosomal protein SA">RPSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S2" title="40S ribosomal protein S2">RPS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S3" title="40S ribosomal protein S3">RPS3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S3a" title="40S ribosomal protein S3a">RPS3A</a></li> <li>RPS4 (<a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S4,_X_isoform" title="40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform">RPS4X</a>, <a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S4,_Y_isoform_1" title="40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1">RPS4Y1</a>, <a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S4,_Y_isoform_2" title="40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 2">RPS4Y2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S5" title="40S ribosomal protein S5">RPS5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_protein_S6" title="Ribosomal protein S6">RPS6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S7" title="40S ribosomal protein S7">RPS7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S8" title="40S ribosomal protein S8">RPS8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S9" title="40S ribosomal protein S9">RPS9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S10" title="40S ribosomal protein S10">RPS10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S11" title="40S ribosomal protein S11">RPS11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S12" title="40S ribosomal protein S12">RPS12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S13" title="40S ribosomal protein S13">RPS13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S14" title="40S ribosomal protein S14">RPS14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S15" title="40S ribosomal protein S15">RPS15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S15a" title="40S ribosomal protein S15a">RPS15A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S16" title="40S ribosomal protein S16">RPS16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S17" title="40S ribosomal protein S17">RPS17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S18" title="40S ribosomal protein S18">RPS18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S19" title="40S ribosomal protein S19">RPS19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S20" title="40S ribosomal protein S20">RPS20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S21" title="40S ribosomal protein S21">RPS21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S23" title="40S ribosomal protein S23">RPS23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S24" title="40S ribosomal protein S24">RPS24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S25" title="40S ribosomal protein S25">RPS25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S26" title="40S ribosomal protein S26">RPS26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S27" title="40S ribosomal protein S27">RPS27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S27a" title="40S ribosomal protein S27a">RPS27A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S28" title="40S ribosomal protein S28">RPS28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S29" title="40S ribosomal protein S29">RPS29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40S_ribosomal_protein_S30" title="40S ribosomal protein S30">RPS30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RACK1" class="mw-redirect" title="RACK1">RACK1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosome" title="Mitochondrial ribosome">Mitochondrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">39S subunit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L1" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L1">MRPL1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L2 (page does not exist)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L3" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L4" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L5 (page does not exist)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L6 (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L7 (page does not exist)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L8 (page does not exist)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L9 (page does not exist)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L10" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L11" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L12" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L13" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L14 (page does not exist)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L15" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L16 (page does not exist)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L17" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L18" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L19" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L20" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21 (page does not exist)">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L22" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L23" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L24" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L25 (page does not exist)">25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L26 (page does not exist)">26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L27 (page does not exist)">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L28" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L29 (page does not exist)">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L30" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L31 (page does not exist)">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L32" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L33" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L34&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L34 (page does not exist)">34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35 (page does not exist)">35</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L36 (page does not exist)">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L37" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L38 (page does not exist)">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L39" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L40" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L41" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L42" title="Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42">42</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">28S subunit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS1 (page does not exist)">MRPS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS2" title="MRPS2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS3 (page does not exist)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS4 (page does not exist)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS5" title="MRPS5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS6" title="MRPS6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS7" title="MRPS7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS8 (page does not exist)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS9" title="MRPS9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS10 (page does not exist)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS11" title="MRPS11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS12" title="MRPS12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS13 (page does not exist)">13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS14 (page does not exist)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS15 (page does not exist)">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS16" title="MRPS16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS17" title="MRPS17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS18 (page does not exist)">18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS19 (page does not exist)">19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS20 (page does not exist)">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS21" title="MRPS21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS22" title="MRPS22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS23 (page does not exist)">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS24" title="MRPS24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS25" title="MRPS25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS26" title="MRPS26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS27 (page does not exist)">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS28" title="MRPS28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS29 (page does not exist)">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS30" title="MRPS30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS31 (page does not exist)">31</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS32 (page does not exist)">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS33" title="MRPS33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRPS34&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRPS34 (page does not exist)">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRPS35" title="MRPS35">35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase" title="Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase">Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_frame" title="Reading frame">Reading frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_codon" title="Start codon">Start codon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_codon" title="Stop codon">Stop codon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shine-Dalgarno_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Shine-Dalgarno sequence">Shine-Dalgarno sequence</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kozak_consensus_sequence" title="Kozak consensus sequence">Kozak consensus sequence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrolases:_acid_anhydride_hydrolases_(EC_3.6)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Acid_anhydride_hydrolases" title="Template:Acid anhydride hydrolases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acid_anhydride_hydrolases" title="Template talk:Acid anhydride hydrolases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acid_anhydride_hydrolases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Acid anhydride hydrolases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrolases:_acid_anhydride_hydrolases_(EC_3.6)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Acid_anhydride_hydrolases" title="Acid anhydride hydrolases">acid anhydride hydrolases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 3.6)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.1" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.6.1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrophosphatase" title="Pyrophosphatase">Pyrophosphatase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_pyrophosphatase" title="Inorganic pyrophosphatase">Inorganic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamine_pyrophosphatase" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiamine pyrophosphatase">Thiamine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apyrase" title="Apyrase">Apyrase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamine-triphosphatase" title="Thiamine-triphosphatase">Thiamine-triphosphatase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.2" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.6.2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenylylsulfatase" title="Adenylylsulfatase">Adenylylsulfatase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoadenylylsulfatase" title="Phosphoadenylylsulfatase">Phosphoadenylylsulfatase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.3" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.6.3</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.4" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">4</a>: <a href="/wiki/ATPase" title="ATPase">ATPase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cu++ (3.6.3.4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP7A" title="ATP7A">Menkes/ATP7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_disease_protein" title="Wilson disease protein">Wilson/ATP7B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_ATPase" title="Calcium ATPase">Ca+</a> (3.6.3.8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SERCA" title="SERCA">SERCA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP2A1" title="ATP2A1">ATP2A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2A2" title="ATP2A2">ATP2A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2A3" title="ATP2A3">ATP2A3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane_Ca2%2B_ATPase" title="Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase">Plasma membrane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP2B1" title="ATP2B1">ATP2B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2B2" title="ATP2B2">ATP2B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2B3" title="ATP2B3">ATP2B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP2B4" title="ATP2B4">ATP2B4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretory_Pathway_Ca%C2%B2%E2%81%BA_ATPase" title="Secretory Pathway Ca²⁺ ATPase">SPCA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP2C1" title="ATP2C1">ATP2C1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP2C2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP2C2 (page does not exist)">ATP2C2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Na+/K+-ATPase">Na+/K+</a> (3.6.3.9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATPase,_Na%2B/K%2B_transporting,_alpha_1" title="ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 1">ATP1A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1A2" title="ATP1A2">ATP1A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1A3" title="ATP1A3">ATP1A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1A4" title="ATP1A4">ATP1A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1B1" title="ATP1B1">ATP1B1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP1B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP1B2 (page does not exist)">ATP1B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1B3" title="ATP1B3">ATP1B3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP1B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP1B4 (page does not exist)">ATP1B4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_potassium_ATPase" title="Hydrogen potassium ATPase">H+/K+</a> (3.6.3.10)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATP4A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATP4A (page does not exist)">ATP4A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/P-type_ATPase" title="P-type ATPase">P-type ATPase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP8B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP8B1">ATP8B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP10A" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP10A">ATP10A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP11B" title="ATP11B">ATP11B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP12A" title="ATP12A">ATP12A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP13A2" title="ATP13A2">ATP13A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP13A3" title="ATP13A3">ATP13A3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynein" title="Dynein">Dynein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinesin" title="Kinesin">Kinesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myosin" title="Myosin">Myosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katanin" title="Katanin">Katanin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#3.6.5" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.6.5</a>: <a href="/wiki/GTPase" title="GTPase">GTPase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.5.1: <a href="/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein" title="Heterotrimeric G protein">Heterotrimeric G protein</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gs_alpha_subunit" title="Gs alpha subunit">G<sub>αs</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_receptor" title="Olfactory receptor">G<sub>olf</sub></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi_alpha_subunit" title="Gi alpha subunit">G<sub>αi</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAI1" title="GNAI1">GNAI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAI2" title="GNAI2">GNAI2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAI3" title="GNAI3">GNAI3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transducin" title="Transducin">Transducin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAT1" title="GNAT1">GNAT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNAT2" title="GNAT2">GNAT2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustducin" title="Gustducin">Gustducin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAT3" title="GNAT3">GNAT3</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gq_alpha_subunit" title="Gq alpha subunit">G<sub>αq/11</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNAQ" title="GNAQ">GNAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNA11" title="GNA11">GNA11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G12/G13_alpha_subunits" title="G12/G13 alpha subunits">G<sub>α12/13</sub></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNA12" title="GNA12">GNA12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNA13" title="GNA13">GNA13</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.5.2: <a href="/wiki/Small_GTPase" title="Small GTPase">Small GTPase</a> > <a href="/wiki/Ras_superfamily" title="Ras superfamily">Ras superfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases" title="Rho family of GTPases">Rho family of GTPases</a>: <i>Cdc42</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDC42" title="CDC42">CDC42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC10_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="TC10 protein">TC10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCL_(GTPase)" title="TCL (GTPase)">TCL</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>RhoUV</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrch1" title="Wrch1">RhoU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chp_(GTPase)" title="Chp (GTPase)">RhoV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rac_(GTPase)" title="Rac (GTPase)">Rac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAC1" title="RAC1">Rac1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAC2" title="RAC2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rac3" class="mw-redirect" title="Rac3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhoG" title="RhoG">RhoG</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>RhoBTB</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RHOBTB1" title="RHOBTB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHOBTB2" title="RHOBTB2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhoH" title="RhoH">RhoH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases" title="Rho family of GTPases">Rho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RHOA" class="mw-redirect" title="RHOA">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHOB" title="RHOB">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhoC" title="RhoC">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rnd_(GTPase)" title="Rnd (GTPase)">Rnd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rnd1" title="Rnd1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rnd2" title="Rnd2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rnd3" title="Rnd3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>RhoDF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rif_(GTPase)" title="Rif (GTPase)">RhoF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhoD" title="RhoD">RhoD</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>other: <a href="/wiki/Ras_subfamily" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras subfamily">Ras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HRAS" title="HRAS">HRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRAS" title="KRAS">KRAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroblastoma_RAS_viral_oncogene_homolog" title="Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog">NRAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_(G-protein)" title="Rab (G-protein)">Rab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAB23" title="RAB23">RAB23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAB27" title="RAB27">RAB27</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADP_ribosylation_factor" title="ADP ribosylation factor">Arf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARF6" title="ARF6">ARF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAR1B" class="mw-redirect" title="SAR1B">SAR1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARL13B" title="ARL13B">ARL13B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARL6" title="ARL6">ARL6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ran_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ran (gene)">Ran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHEB" title="RHEB">Rheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_GTP-binding_protein" title="Rap GTP-binding protein">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRAD_(gene)" title="RRAD (gene)">RGK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.5.3: <a href="/wiki/Protein-synthesizing_GTPase" title="Protein-synthesizing GTPase">Protein-synthesizing GTPase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_elongation_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic elongation factors">Prokaryotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_initiation_factor-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic initiation factor-2">IF-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EF-Tu" title="EF-Tu">EF-Tu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EF-G</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_elongation_factors" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryotic elongation factors">Eukaryotic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.6.5.5-6: <a href="/wiki/Molecular_motor" title="Molecular motor">Polymerization motors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamin_superfamily" title="Dynamin superfamily">dynamin superfamily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamin" title="Dynamin">Dynamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanylate-binding_protein" title="Guanylate-binding protein">Guanylate-binding protein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitofusin-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitofusin-1 (page does not exist)">Mitofusin-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX1" title="MX1">MX1</a> and <a href="/wiki/MX2" title="MX2">MX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamin-like_120_kDa_protein" title="Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein">OPA1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubulin" title="Tubulin">Tubulin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EF-G&oldid=1219565229">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EF-G&oldid=1219565229</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protein_biosynthesis" title="Category:Protein biosynthesis">Protein biosynthesis</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" 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