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href="/web/20180803145816cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/web/20180803145816js_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20180803145816cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20180803145816cs_/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.32.0-wmf.15"/> <meta 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href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://login.wikimedia.org/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://meta.wikimedia.org/"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-LaTeX rootpage-LaTeX skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"></div><div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">LaTeX</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#p-search">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"LATEX" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Latex (disambiguation)">Latex (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption class="summary">LaTeX</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LaTeX_logo.svg" class="image" title="The LaTeX logo, typeset with LaTeX"><img alt="The LaTeX logo, typeset with LaTeX" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/LaTeX_logo.svg/100px-LaTeX_logo.svg.png" width="100" height="42" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/LaTeX_logo.svg/150px-LaTeX_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/LaTeX_logo.svg/200px-LaTeX_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="500"/></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developer" title="Software developer">Original author(s)</a></th><td> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td> 1983<span class="noprint">; 35 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://github.com/latex3/latex2e">https://github.com/latex3/latex2e</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX_Project_Public_License" title="LaTeX Project Public License">LaTeX Project Public License</a> (LPPL)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://latex-project.org/">latex-project<wbr/>.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>LaTeX</b> (<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LAH</span>-tekh</i></a> or <span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LAY</span>-tekh</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> a shortening of <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Lamport</a> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>) is a <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">document preparation system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> When writing, the writer uses <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" title="Plain text">plain text</a> as opposed to the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formatted_text" title="Formatted text">formatted text</a> found in <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> ("what you see is what you get") word processors like <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibreOffice_Writer" title="LibreOffice Writer">LibreOffice Writer</a> and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Apple Pages</a>. The writer uses <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup</a> tagging conventions to define the general structure of a document (such as article, book, and letter), to stylise text throughout a document (such as bold and italics), and to add <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">citations</a> and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-reference" title="Cross-reference">cross-references</a>. A <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> distribution such as <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Live" title="TeX Live">TeX Live</a> or <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MikTeX" class="mw-redirect" title="MikTeX">MikTeX</a> is used to produce an output file (such as <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> or <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_independent_file_format" title="Device independent file format">DVI</a>) suitable for printing or <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">digital distribution</a>. Within the typesetting system, its name is stylised as <span class="texhtml" style="font-family: 'CMU Serif', cmr10, LMRoman10-Regular, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">L<span style="text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.75em; vertical-align: 0.25em; margin-left: -0.36em; margin-right: -0.15em;">a</span>T<span style="text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: -0.5ex; margin-left: -0.1667em; margin-right: -0.125em;">e</span>X</span>. </p><p>LaTeX is widely used in <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academia</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> for the communication and publication of scientific documents in many fields, including mathematics, statistics, computer science, engineering, chemistry, physics, economics, linguistics, quantitative psychology, philosophy, and political science. It also has a prominent role in the preparation and publication of books and articles that contain complex multilingual materials, such as <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> LaTeX uses the TeX <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a> program for formatting its output, and is itself written in the TeX macro language. </p><p>LaTeX can be used as a standalone document preparation system or as an intermediate format. In the latter role, for example, it is sometimes used as part of a pipeline for translating <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook" title="DocBook">DocBook</a> and other <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>-based formats to <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>. The typesetting system offers programmable <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of typesetting and desktop publishing, including numbering and cross-referencing of tables and figures, chapter and section headings, the inclusion of graphics, page layout, indexing and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">bibliographies</a>. </p><p>Like TeX, LaTeX started as a writing tool for mathematicians and computer scientists, but from early in its development it has also been taken up by scholars who needed to write documents that include complex math expressions or non-Latin scripts, such as Arabic, Sanskrit and Chinese.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p><p>LaTeX is intended to provide a high-level language that accesses the power of TeX in an easier way for writers. In short, TeX handles the layout side, while LaTeX handles the content side for document processing. LaTeX comprises a collection of TeX <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">macros</a> and a program to process LaTeX documents. Because the plain TeX formatting commands are elementary, it provides authors with ready-made commands for formatting and layout requirements such as chapter headings, footnotes, cross-references and bibliographies. </p><p>LaTeX was originally written in the early 1980s by <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a> at <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> The current version is LaTeX2e (stylised as <span class="texhtml" style="font-family: 'CMU Serif', cmr10, LMRoman10-Regular, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">L<span style="text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.75em; vertical-align: 0.25em; margin-left: -0.36em; margin-right: -0.15em;">a</span>T<span style="text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: -0.5ex; margin-left: -0.1667em; margin-right: -0.125em;">e</span>X<span style="margin-left: 0.15em;">2</span><span style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: -0.35ex; line-height: 0;">ε</span></span>). LaTeX is <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> and is distributed under the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX_Project_Public_License" title="LaTeX Project Public License">LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"/><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Typesetting_system"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Typesetting system</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Example"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Example</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pronouncing_and_writing_"LaTeX""><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Pronouncing and writing "LaTeX"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Licensing"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Licensing</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Related_software"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Related software</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Versions"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Versions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Compatibility_and_converters"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Compatibility and converters</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#LaTeX2HTML"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">LaTeX2HTML</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#HeVeA"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">HeVeA</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Pandoc"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Pandoc</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Typesetting_system">Typesetting system</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Typesetting system">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>LaTeX follows the design philosophy of <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_presentation_and_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Separation of presentation and content">separating presentation from content</a>, so that authors can focus on the content of what they are writing without attending simultaneously to its visual appearance. In preparing a LaTeX document, the author specifies the logical structure using simple, familiar concepts such as <i>chapter</i>, <i>section</i>, <i>table</i>, <i>figure</i>, etc., and lets the LaTeX system worry about the formatting and layout of these structures. It therefore encourages the separation of layout from content while still allowing manual typesetting adjustments where needed. This concept is similar to the mechanism by which many <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processors</a> allow styles to be defined globally for an entire document or the use of <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a> to style <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>. The LaTeX system is a <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a> that also handles typesetting and rendering.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>LaTeX can be arbitrarily extended by using the underlying <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Macro language">macro language</a> to develop custom formats. Such macros are often collected into <i>packages,</i> which are available to address special formatting issues such as complicated mathematical content or graphics. Indeed, in the example below, the <code>align</code> environment is provided by the <code>amsmath</code> package. </p><p>In order to create a document in LaTeX, you first write a file, say <code>document.tex</code>, using your preferred <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a>. Then you give your <code>document.tex</code> file as input to the TeX program (with the LaTeX macros loaded), and TeX writes out a file suitable for viewing onscreen or printing.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> This write-format-preview cycle is one of the chief ways in which working with LaTeX differs from <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">what-you-see-is-what-you-get</a> word-processing. It is similar to the code-compile-execute cycle familiar to computer programmers. Today, many LaTeX-aware editing programs make this cycle a simple matter of pressing a single key, while showing the output preview on the screen beside the input window. Some online LaTeX editors automatically refresh the preview.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> Other online tools provide incremental editing in-place, mixed in with the preview in a streamlined single window.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Example">Example</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Example">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The example below shows the LaTeX input and corresponding output: </p> <div class="noresize" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Input</th> <th>Output </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">\documentclass</span><span class="nb">{</span>article<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\usepackage</span><span class="nb">{</span>amsmath<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\title</span><span class="nb">{</span><span class="k">\LaTeX</span><span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>document<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\maketitle</span> <span class="k">\LaTeX</span><span class="nb">{}</span> is a document preparation system for the <span class="k">\TeX</span><span class="nb">{}</span> typesetting program. It offers programmable desktop publishing features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of typesetting and desktop publishing, including numbering and cross-referencing, tables and figures, page layout, bibliographies, and much more. <span class="k">\LaTeX</span><span class="nb">{}</span> was originally written in 1984 by Leslie Lamport and has become the dominant method for using <span class="k">\TeX</span>; few people write in plain <span class="k">\TeX</span><span class="nb">{}</span> anymore. The current version is <span class="k">\LaTeXe</span>. <span class="c">% This is a comment, not shown in final output.</span> <span class="c">% The following shows typesetting power of LaTeX:</span> <span class="k">\begin</span><span class="nb">{</span>align<span class="nb">}</span> E<span class="nb">_</span>0 <span class="nb">&</span>= mc<span class="nb">^</span>2 <span class="k">\\</span> <span class="hll"> E <span class="nb">&</span>= <span class="k">\frac</span><span class="nb">{</span>mc<span class="nb">^</span>2<span class="nb">}{</span><span class="k">\sqrt</span><span class="nb">{</span>1-<span class="k">\frac</span><span class="nb">{</span>v<span class="nb">^</span>2<span class="nb">}{</span>c<span class="nb">^</span>2<span class="nb">}}}</span> </span> <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>align<span class="nb">}</span> <span class="k">\end</span><span class="nb">{</span>document<span class="nb">}</span> </pre></div> </td> <td><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LaTeX_example.svg" class="image"><img alt="LaTeX example.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/LaTeX_example.svg/744px-LaTeX_example.svg.png" width="744" height="1052" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/LaTeX_example.svg/1116px-LaTeX_example.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/LaTeX_example.svg/1488px-LaTeX_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052"/></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>Note how the equation for <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="E"/></span> (highlighted in the example code) was typeset by the markup: </p> <dl><dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>E <span class="nb">&</span>= <span class="k">\frac</span><span class="nb">{</span>mc<span class="nb">^</span>2<span class="nb">}{</span><span class="k">\sqrt</span><span class="nb">{</span>1-<span class="k">\frac</span><span class="nb">{</span>v<span class="nb">^</span>2<span class="nb">}{</span>c<span class="nb">^</span>2<span class="nb">}}}</span> </pre></div></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root" title="Square root">square root</a> is denoted by "<code>\sqrt{<i>argument</i>}</code>" and fractions by "<code>\frac{<i>numerator</i>}{<i>denominator</i>}</code>". </p> <h2><span id="Pronouncing_and_writing_.22LaTeX.22"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pronouncing_and_writing_"LaTeX"">Pronouncing and writing "LaTeX"</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronouncing and writing "LaTeX"">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The final consonant of TeX (on which LaTeX is based) is intended by its developer to be pronounced similar to 'loch' or 'Bach'. However, English speakers often pronounce it /ˈtɛk/, like the first syllable of technical. </p><p>The characters T, E, X in the name come from the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_letter" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital letter">capital letters</a> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">tau</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon" title="Epsilon">epsilon</a>, and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">chi</a>, as the name of <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> derives from the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">τέχνη</span> (skill, art, technique); for this reason, TeX's creator <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a> promotes a pronunciation of <span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">tekh</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> (that is, with a <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">voiceless velar fricative</a> as in Modern Greek, similar to the ch in <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch" title="Loch">loch</a>). Lamport writes "TeX is usually pronounced <i>tech</i>, making <i>lah</i>-teck, lah-<i>teck</i>, and <i>lay</i>-teck the logical choices; but language is not always logical, so <i>lay-tecks</i> is also possible."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> </p><p>The name is traditionally printed in running text with a special typographical <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a>: <span class="texhtml" style="font-family: 'CMU Serif', cmr10, LMRoman10-Regular, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">L<span style="text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.75em; vertical-align: 0.25em; margin-left: -0.36em; margin-right: -0.15em;">a</span>T<span style="text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: -0.5ex; margin-left: -0.1667em; margin-right: -0.125em;">e</span>X</span>. In media where the logo cannot be precisely reproduced in running text, the word is typically given the unique capitalization <i>LaTeX</i>. The TeX, LaTeX<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XeTeX" title="XeTeX">XeTeX</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> logos can be rendered via pure <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS" class="mw-redirect" title="CSS">CSS</a> and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> for use in graphical <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> following the specifications of the internal <code>\LaTeX</code> macro.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Licensing">Licensing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Licensing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>LaTeX is typically distributed along with plain <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>. It is distributed under a <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_license" title="Free software license">free software license</a>, the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX_Project_Public_License" title="LaTeX Project Public License">LaTeX Project Public License</a> (LPPL). The LPPL is not <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_compatibility" title="License compatibility">compatible</a> with the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>, as it requires that modified files must be clearly differentiable from their originals (usually by changing the filename); this was done to ensure that files that depend on other files will produce the expected behavior and avoid <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell" title="Dependency hell">dependency hell</a>. The LPPL is <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">DFSG</a> compliant as of version 1.3. As <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>, LaTeX is available on most operating systems including <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> (<a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIX" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a>), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a> (<a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a>), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a>), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS" title="RISC OS">RISC OS</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a> and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs" title="Plan 9 from Bell Labs">Plan9</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_software">Related software</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Related software">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>As a macro package, LaTeX provides a set of macros for TeX to interpret. There are many other macro packages for TeX, including Plain TeX, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Texinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU Texinfo">GNU Texinfo</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMSTeX" class="mw-redirect" title="AMSTeX">AMSTeX</a>, and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConTeXt" title="ConTeXt">ConTeXt</a>. </p><p>When TeX "compiles" a document, it follows (from the user's point of view) the following processing sequence: Macros → TeX → Driver → Output. Different implementations of each of these steps are typically available in TeX distributions. Traditional TeX will output a <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVI_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="DVI (file format)">DVI</a> file, which is usually converted to a <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> file. More recently, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n_Th%E1%BA%BF_Th%C3%A0nh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hàn Thế Thành">Hàn Thế Thành</a> and others have written a new implementation of TeX called <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PdfTeX" title="PdfTeX">pdfTeX</a>, which also outputs to <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> and takes advantage of features available in that format. The <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XeTeX" title="XeTeX">XeTeX</a> engine developed by Jonathan Kew merges modern font technologies and Unicode with TeX. </p><p>The default font for LaTeX is Knuth's <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Modern" title="Computer Modern">Computer Modern</a>, which gives default documents created with LaTeX the same distinctive look as those created with plain TeX. XeTeX allows the use of OpenType and TrueType (that is, outlined) fonts for output files. </p><p>There are also many <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_TeX_editors" title="Comparison of TeX editors">editors for LaTeX</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Versions">Versions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Versions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:0.2em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"> <code>.tex</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:0.2em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"> <code>application/x-latex</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:0.2em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">LaTeX2e<br/><span style="font-size:90%;">(1994)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding:0.2em 0;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_file_format" title="Document file format">Document file format</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>LaTeX2e is the current version of LaTeX, since it replaced LaTeX 2.09 in 1994. As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, LaTeX3, started in the early 1990s, is under a long-term development project.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> Planned features include improved syntax, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a> support, a new user interface, access to arbitrary fonts, and new documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> </p><p>There are numerous commercial implementations of the entire TeX system. System vendors may add extra features like additional <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typefaces</a> and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help_desk" title="Help desk">telephone support</a>. <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LyX" title="LyX">LyX</a> is a <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYM" title="WYSIWYM">WYSIWYM</a> visual document processor that uses LaTeX for a back-end. <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeXmacs" class="mw-redirect" title="TeXmacs">TeXmacs</a> is a free, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> editor with similar functionalities as LaTeX but a different typesetting engine. Other WYSIWYG editors that produce LaTeX include <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Word" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific Word">Scientific Word</a> on <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Windows">MS Windows</a>. </p><p>A number of community-supported TeX distributions are available, including <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Live" title="TeX Live">TeX Live</a> (multiplatform), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeTeX" title="TeTeX">teTeX</a> (deprecated in favor of TeX Live, UNIX), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FpTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FpTeX (page does not exist)">fpTeX</a> (deprecated), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiKTeX" title="MiKTeX">MiKTeX</a> (Windows), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProTeXt" title="ProTeXt">proTeXt</a> (Windows), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTeX" title="MacTeX">MacTeX</a> (TeX Live with the addition of Mac specific programs), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GwTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GwTeX (page does not exist)">gwTeX</a> (Mac OS X), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OzTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OzTeX (page does not exist)">OzTeX</a> (Mac OS Classic), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaTeX" title="AmigaTeX">AmigaTeX</a> (no longer available), <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PasTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PasTeX (page does not exist)">PasTeX</a> (AmigaOS, available on the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminet" title="Aminet">Aminet</a> repository), and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Latex_Equations" title="Auto-Latex Equations">Auto-Latex Equations</a> (Google Docs add-on that supports MathJax LaTeX commands). </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Compatibility_and_converters">Compatibility and converters</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Compatibility and converters">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>LaTeX documents (<code>*.tex</code>) can be opened with any text editor. They consist of plain text and do not contain hidden formatting codes or binary instructions. Additionally, TeX documents can be shared by rendering the LaTeX file to <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">Rich Text Format</a> (<code>.rtf</code>) or <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>. This can be done using the free software programs LaTeX2RTF or <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX4ht" title="TeX4ht">TeX4ht</a>. LaTeX can also be rendered to PDF files using the LaTeX extension pdfLaTeX. LaTeX files containing Unicode text can be processed into PDFs with the <code>inputenc</code> package, or by the TeX extensions XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="LaTeX2HTML">LaTeX2HTML</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: LaTeX2HTML">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><b>LaTeX2HTML</b> is a converter written in <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> that converts LaTeX documents to <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>. This way, e.g., scientific papers—primarily typeset for printing—can be placed on the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">Web</a> for online viewing. It is licensed under <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU GPL">GNU GPL</a> v2.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> The latest updates are available from <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTAN" title="CTAN">CTAN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="HeVeA">HeVeA</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: HeVeA">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><b>HeVeA</b> is a converter written in <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocaml" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocaml">Ocaml</a> that converts LaTeX documents to <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>. It is licensed under the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_Public_License" title="Q Public License">Q Public License</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Pandoc">Pandoc</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pandoc">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><b>Pandoc</b> is a 'universal document converter' able to transform LaTeX into many different file formats, including <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epub" class="mw-redirect" title="Epub">epub</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">rtf</a> and <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docx" class="mw-redirect" title="Docx">docx</a>. It is licensed under <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU GPL">GNU GPL</a> v2.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Free_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Free software">Free software portal</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Latex_Equations" title="Auto-Latex Equations">Auto-Latex Equations</a> – A Google Docs add-on that provides mathematical LaTeX typesetting (MathJax supported).</li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMS-LaTeX" title="AMS-LaTeX">AMS-LaTeX</a> – American Mathematical Society extension for LaTeX</li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xdvi" title="Xdvi">xdvi</a> – software for viewing DVI files while using <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX">BibTeX</a> – reference management software typically used with LaTeX</li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_TeX_editors" title="Comparison of TeX editors">Comparison of TeX editors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_document_markup_languages" title="List of document markup languages">List of document markup languages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REVTeX" title="REVTeX">REVTeX</a> – Publication Styles of the American Physical Society</li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_editor" title="Formula editor">Formula editor</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://latex-project.org/intro.html">"An introduction to LaTeX"</a>. <i>LaTeX project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LaTeX+project&rft.atitle=An+introduction+to+LaTeX&rft_id=%2F%2Flatex-project.org%2Fintro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Leslie., Lamport, (1986-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12550262"><i>LATEX : a document preparation system</i></a>. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/020115790X" title="Special:BookSources/020115790X">020115790X</a>. <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12550262">12550262</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LATEX+%3A+a+document+preparation+system&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1986-01-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12550262&rft.isbn=020115790X&rft.aulast=Leslie.&rft.aufirst=Lamport%2C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F12550262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.ctan.org/what_is_tex.html">"What are TeX, LaTeX and friends?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+are+TeX%2C+LaTeX+and+friends%3F&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ctan.org%2Fwhat_is_tex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Alexia Gaudeul (March 27, 2006). "Do Open Source Developers Respond to Competition?: The (La)TeX Case Study". <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Network" title="Social Science Research Network">SSRN</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://ssrn.com/abstract=908946">908946</a> <img alt="Freely accessible" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"/></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Do+Open+Source+Developers+Respond+to+Competition%3F%3A+The+%28La%29TeX+Case+Study&rft.date=2006-03-27&rft_id=%2F%2Fssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D908946&rft.au=Alexia+Gaudeul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Markin, Pablo (1 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://openscience.com/latex-open-source-software-facilitates-the-adoption-of-open-access-by-authors-repositories-and-journals/">"LaTeX, Open Source Software, Facilitates the Adoption of Open Access by Authors, Repositories and Journals"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OpenScience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenScience (page does not exist)">OpenScience</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenScience&rft.atitle=LaTeX%2C+Open+Source+Software%2C+Facilitates+the+Adoption+of+Open+Access+by+Authors%2C+Repositories+and+Journals&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft.aulast=Markin&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenscience.com%2Flatex-open-source-software-facilitates-the-adoption-of-open-access-by-authors-repositories-and-journals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://scholar.harvard.edu/dromney/arabic-latex">"Arabic in LaTeX"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arabic+in+LaTeX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.harvard.edu%2Fdromney%2Farabic-latex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Leslie Lamport (April 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/pubs.html#latex">"The Writings of Leslie Lamport: LaTeX: A Document Preparation System"</a>. <i>Leslie Lamport's Home Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Leslie+Lamport%27s+Home+Page&rft.atitle=The+Writings+of+Leslie+Lamport%3A+LaTeX%3A+A+Document+Preparation+System&rft.date=2007-04-23&rft.au=Leslie+Lamport&rft_id=%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fusers%2Flamport%2Fpubs%2Fpubs.html%23latex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The design of LaTeX owes something to earlier markup systems such as <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribe_(markup_language)" title="Scribe (markup language)">Scribe</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PDF output is common, but TeX can output other formats such as DVI ("Device independent" format). See below for more detail about outputs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.sharelatex.com/">"Sharelatex"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sharelatex&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.sharelatex.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.overleaf.com/">"Overleaf"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overleaf&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.overleaf.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.seeveeze.com/">"Seeveeze"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seeveeze&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.seeveeze.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://latexbase.com/">"LaTeX Base"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LaTeX+Base&rft_id=%2F%2Flatexbase.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.authorea.com/">"Authorea"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Authorea&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.authorea.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald E. Knuth, <i>The TeXbook</i>, Addison–Wesley, Boston, 1986, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lamport (1994), p 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">O'Connor, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://edward.oconnor.cx/2007/08/tex-poshlet">"TeX and LaTeX logo POSHlets"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TeX+and+LaTeX+logo+POSHlets&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedward.oconnor.cx%2F2007%2F08%2Ftex-poshlet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Taraborelli, Dario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://nitens.org/taraborelli/texlogo">"CSS-driven TeX logos"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CSS-driven+TeX+logos&rft.aulast=Taraborelli&rft.aufirst=Dario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnitens.org%2Ftaraborelli%2Ftexlogo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Walden, David (2005-07-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.tug.org/pracjourn/2005-3/walden-travels/">"Travels in TeX Land: A Macro, Three Software Packages, and the Trouble with TeX"</a>. <i>The PracTeX Journal</i> (3)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+PracTeX+Journal&rft.atitle=Travels+in+TeX+Land%3A+A+Macro%2C+Three+Software+Packages%2C+and+the+Trouble+with+TeX&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2005-07-15&rft.aulast=Walden&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.tug.org%2Fpracjourn%2F2005-3%2Fwalden-travels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://bubl.ac.uk/archive/journals/texdig/v93n1193.htm">bubl.ac.uk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://web.archive.org/web/20090813120216/http://bubl.ac.uk/archive/journals/texdig/v93n1193.htm">Archived</a> 2009-08-13 at the <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Frank Mittelbach, Chris Rowley (January 12, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.latex-project.org/guides/ltx3info.pdf">"The LaTeX3 Project"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+LaTeX3+Project&rft.date=1999-01-12&rft.au=Frank+Mittelbach%2C+Chris+Rowley&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.latex-project.org%2Fguides%2Fltx3info.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to LICENSE file in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://github.com/latex2html/latex2html/">source repository</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex2html">https://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex2html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://hevea.inria.fr/">http://hevea.inria.fr/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://pandoc.org/">http://pandoc.org/</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r852805940">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Flynn, Peter (2017) [2002]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://latex.silmaril.ie/formattinginformation/"><i>Formatting Information: A Beginner's Guide to LaTeX</i></a> (7th online ed.). Cork: Silmaril. p. 193.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Formatting+Information%3A+A+Beginner%27s+Guide+to+LaTeX&rft.place=Cork&rft.pages=193&rft.edition=7th+online&rft.pub=Silmaril&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatex.silmaril.ie%2Fformattinginformation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Griffiths, David F.; Highman, David S. (1997). <i>Learning LaTeX</i>. Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89871-383-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-89871-383-8">0-89871-383-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+LaTeX&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Society+for+Industrial+and+Applied+Mathematics&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-89871-383-8&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft.au=Highman%2C+David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kopka, Helmut; Daly, Patrick W. (2003). <i>Guide to LaTeX</i> (4th ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-17385-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-17385-6">0-321-17385-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+LaTeX&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-321-17385-6&rft.aulast=Kopka&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft.au=Daly%2C+Patrick+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Lamport, Leslie</a> (1994). <i>LaTeX: A document preparation system: User's guide and reference</i>. illustrations by Duane Bibby (2nd ed.). Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-52983-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-52983-1">0-201-52983-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LaTeX%3A+A+document+preparation+system%3A+User%27s+guide+and+reference&rft.place=Reading%2C+Mass&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-201-52983-1&rft.aulast=Lamport&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mittelbach, Frank; Goossens, Michel (2004). <i>The LaTeX Companion</i> (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley. <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-36299-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-36299-6">0-201-36299-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+LaTeX+Companion&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-201-36299-6&rft.aulast=Mittelbach&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Goossens%2C+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaTeX" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LaTeX&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;">Find more about<b style="display:block;">LaTeX</b>at Wikipedia's <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a> </div> <ul style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;"> <li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="20" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" class="extiw" title="c:LaTeX">Media</a> from Wikimedia Commons</span> </li><li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX" class="extiw" title="b:LaTeX">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span> </li><li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/27px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" width="27" height="24" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/41px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/54px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/LaTeX" class="extiw" title="v:LaTeX">Learning resources</a> from Wikiversity</span> </li><li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" width="27" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"/></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5310" class="extiw" title="d:Q5310">Data</a> from Wikidata</span> </li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://latex-project.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://curlie.org/Computers/Software/Typesetting/TeX/LaTeX/">LaTeX</a> at Curlie (based on <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://blog.mapsystemsindia.com/pre-press-services/professional-typesetting-services-latex-or-word/">LaTeX Vs. Word Comparsion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/http://www.quantumfieldtheory.info/Word_to_LaTeX_info.pdf">How to Write an Article in Word and Convert It to LaTeX Format</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://moeditor.js.org/">MOEDITOR</a> A LaTeX editor available in Windows, Mac and Ubuntu.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/welcome.ipynb">Google Colaboratory</a> A Jupyter notebook environment that can handle LaTeX and Python.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="TeX" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:TeX_navbox" title="Template:TeX navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:TeX_navbox" title="Template talk:TeX navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:TeX_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="TeX" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macro packages</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMSTeX" class="mw-redirect" title="AMSTeX">AMSTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArabTeX" title="ArabTeX">ArabTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CircuiTikZ" title="CircuiTikZ">CircuiTikZ</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConTeXt" title="ConTeXt">ConTeXt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FarsiTeX" title="FarsiTeX">FarsiTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texinfo" title="Texinfo">Texinfo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MusiXTeX" title="MusiXTeX">MusiXTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_TeX" class="mw-redirect" title="Plain TeX">Plain TeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTricks" title="PSTricks">PSTricks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XyMTeX" title="XyMTeX">XyMTeX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternative TeX engines</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ETeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETeX (page does not exist)">eTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LuaTeX" title="LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PdfTeX" title="PdfTeX">pdfTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XeTeX" title="XeTeX">XeTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Typesetting_System" title="New Typesetting System">New Typesetting System</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_(TeX)" title="Omega (TeX)">Omega</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distributions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Live" title="TeX Live">TeX Live</a> (<a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTeX" title="MacTeX">MacTeX</a>, <a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W32TeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W32TeX (page does not exist)">W32TeX</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiKTeX" title="MiKTeX">MiKTeX</a> (<a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProTeXt" title="ProTeXt">proTeXt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TeXPortal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TeXPortal (page does not exist)">TeXPortal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeTeX" title="TeTeX">teTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FpTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FpTeX (page does not exist)">fpTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GwTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GwTeX (page does not exist)">gwTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OzTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OzTeX (page does not exist)">OzTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaTeX" title="AmigaTeX">AmigaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PasTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PasTeX (page does not exist)">PasTeX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTAN" title="CTAN">CTAN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUGboat" title="TUGboat">TUGboat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_PracTeX_Journal" title="The PracTeX Journal">The PracTeX Journal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschsprachige_Anwendervereinigung_TeX" title="Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TeX">Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TeX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_independent_file_format" title="Device independent file format">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Modern" title="Computer Modern">Computer Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metafont" title="Metafont">Metafont</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MetaPost" title="MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEB" title="WEB">WEB</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CWEB" title="CWEB">CWEB</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_Directory_Structure" title="TeX Directory Structure">TeX Directory Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX_font_metric" title="TeX font metric">TeX font metric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LaTeX" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:LaTeX_navbox" title="Template:LaTeX navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:LaTeX_navbox" title="Template talk:LaTeX navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:LaTeX_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LaTeX" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LaTeX</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMS-LaTeX" title="AMS-LaTeX">AMS-LaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamer_(LaTeX)" title="Beamer (LaTeX)">Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerdot" title="Powerdot">Powerdot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biber_(LaTeX)" title="Biber (LaTeX)">Biber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMSRefs" title="AMSRefs">AMSRefs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSfrag" title="PSfrag">PSfrag</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REVTeX" title="REVTeX">REVTeX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LaTeX integration</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweave" title="Sweave">Sweave</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knitr" title="Knitr">knitr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conversion tools</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX2HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="LaTeX2HTML">LaTeX2HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX2RTF" class="mw-redirect" title="LaTeX2RTF">LaTeX2RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeXML" title="LaTeXML">LaTeXML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX_Project_Public_License" title="LaTeX Project Public License">LaTeX Project Public License</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="E-books" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ebooks" title="Template:Ebooks"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Ebooks" title="Template talk:Ebooks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ebooks&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="E-books" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-book" title="E-book">E-books</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_e-book_formats" title="Comparison of e-book formats">Formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">ePub</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FictionBook" title="FictionBook">FictionBook</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_book_archive" title="Comic book archive">CBR/CBZ</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindle_File_Format" title="Kindle File Format">Kindle File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobipocket" title="Mobipocket">Mobipocket</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_file" title="Text file">Plain text</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EBookreal.jpg" class="image" title="Typical e-book reader"><img alt="Typical e-book reader" src="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/EBookreal.jpg/100px-EBookreal.jpg" width="100" height="82" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/EBookreal.jpg/150px-EBookreal.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20180803145816im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/EBookreal.jpg/200px-EBookreal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="352"/></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reading</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-reader" title="E-reader">Devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Amazon Kindle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nook" title="Barnes & Noble Nook">Barnes & Noble Nook</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookeen" title="Bookeen">Bookeen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elonex_ebook" title="Elonex ebook">Elonex ebook</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnTourage_eDGe" title="EnTourage eDGe">enTourage eDGe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlin_eReader" title="Hanlin eReader">Hanlin eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriver_Story" title="Iriver Story">iriver Story</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobo_eReader" title="Kobo eReader">Kobo eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boox" title="Boox">Onyx Boox</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_Logic" title="Plastic Logic">Plastic Logic Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PocketBook_eReader" class="mw-redirect" title="PocketBook eReader">PocketBook eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_eBook" title="Rocket eBook">Rocket eBook</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftBook" title="SoftBook">SoftBook</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphones</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablets</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolino" title="Tolino">Tolino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat" title="Adobe Acrobat">Adobe Acrobat</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Digital_Editions" title="Adobe Digital Editions">Adobe Digital Editions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldiko" title="Aldiko">Aldiko</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blio" title="Blio">Blio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefire_Reader" title="Bluefire Reader">Bluefire Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibre_(software)" title="Calibre (software)">Calibre</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBReader" title="FBReader">FBReader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Books" title="Google Play Books">Google Play Books</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBooks" class="mw-redirect" title="IBooks">iBooks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindle_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindle app">Kindle app</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitabu" title="Kitabu">Kitabu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobo_Inc." title="Kobo Inc.">Kobo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lektz" title="Lektz">Lektz</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifox" title="Lucifox">Lucifox</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okular" title="Okular">Okular</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OverDrive_Media_Console" title="OverDrive Media Console">OverDrive Media Console</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapplify" title="Snapplify">Snapplify</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STDU_Viewer" title="STDU Viewer">STDU Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra_PDF" title="Sumatra PDF">Sumatra PDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editing</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABBYY_FineReader" title="ABBYY FineReader">ABBYY FineReader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbiWord" title="AbiWord">AbiWord</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Adobe InDesign</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_RoboHelp" title="Adobe RoboHelp">Adobe RoboHelp</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booktype" title="Booktype">Booktype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calibre_(software)" title="Calibre (software)">Calibre</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calligra_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Calligra Suite">Calligra Author</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXeLearning" title="EXeLearning">eXeLearning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help_%26_Manual" title="Help & Manual">Help & Manual</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HelpNDoc" title="HelpNDoc">HelpNDoc</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBooks_Author" title="IBooks Author">iBooks Author</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IStudio_Publisher" title="IStudio Publisher">iStudio Publisher</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MadCap_Flare" class="mw-redirect" title="MadCap Flare">MadCap Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_XML_Editor" title="Oxygen XML Editor">Oxygen XML Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PagePlus" title="PagePlus">PagePlus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuarkXPress" title="QuarkXPress">QuarkXPress</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrivener_(software)" title="Scrivener (software)">Scrivener</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigil_(application)" title="Sigil (application)">Sigil</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writer2epub" title="Writer2epub">Writer2epub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:E-book_suppliers" title="Category:E-book suppliers">Vendors</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Kindle_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Kindle Store">Amazon Kindle Store</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baen_Free_Library" title="Baen Free Library">Baen Free Library</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booktrack" title="Booktrack">Booktrack</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedbooks" title="Feedbooks">Feedbooks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBooks_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="IBooks Store">iBooks Store</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobo_Inc." title="Kobo Inc.">Kobo Bookstore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Reader Library">Sony Reader Store</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smashwords" title="Smashwords">Smashwords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noncommercial</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Canada" title="Project Gutenberg Canada">Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br/> topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_e-book_readers" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of e-book readers">Comparison of e-book readers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_iOS_e-book_reader_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of iOS e-book reader software">Comparison of iOS e-book reader software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Android_e-book_reader_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Android e-book reader software">Comparison of Android e-book reader software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-book_lending" title="E-book lending">E-book lending</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBooks_Author_Conference" title="IBooks Author Conference">iBooks Author Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Digital_Publishing_Forum" title="International Digital Publishing Forum">International Digital Publishing Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindle_single" title="Kindle single">Kindle single</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPDS" title="OPDS">OPDS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflowable_document" title="Reflowable document">Reflowable document</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20180803145816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_publishing" title="Semantic publishing">Semantic publishing</a></li></ul> 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ലാടെക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180803145816/https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a 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