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Dairy Cattle Nutrition and Feeding | Penn State Extension

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href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/pasture-and-environment-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-153" >Pasture and Environment Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-156" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-159" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-162" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-165" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-168" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-171" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-174" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-195" >Swine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Swine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-195"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item &#x20;main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div 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menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link current menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item 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main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link 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>Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item &#x20;main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/" title="Go to Home Page">Home</a> </li> <li class="item category47"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock" title="">Animals and Livestock</a> </li> <li class="item category48"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy" title="">Dairy</a> </li> <li class="item category50"> <strong>Nutrition and Feeding</strong> </li> </ul></nav> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div><main id="maincontent" class="page-main"> <a id="contentarea" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="parent-category-name">Dairy</span> <div class="page-title-wrapper"><h1 class="page-title" id="page-title-heading" aria-labelledby="page-title-heading&#x20;toolbar-amount" ><span class="base" data-ui-id="page-title-wrapper" >Nutrition and Feeding</span></h1> </div><div class="page messages"> <div data-placeholder="messages"></div> <div data-bind="scope: 'messages'"><!-- ko if: cookieMessagesObservable() && cookieMessagesObservable().length > 0 --><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: cookieMessagesObservable(), as: 'message' }"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div><!-- /ko --><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: messages().messages, as: 'message' }, afterRender: purgeMessages"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category-view"> <div class="category-description"><p>Access resources on dairy cattle nutrition and feeding, including nutrition requirements, cattle feed management, water supply, and supplements. Find useful information and webinars on feeding and weaning calves, such as using calf milk replacer and colostrum.</p> <h2>Dairy Cattle Nutrition Management</h2> <p>Three types of nutritional management systems are typically used in dairy production – total mixed rations, component-fed rations, and pasture-based systems. Make the most of Penn State Extention’s dairy experts’ advice on each of these systems at our Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop. You can also access our free <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/comprehensive-feed-management-monitoring-spreadsheet-for-dairy-cows">feed management monitoring tool</a> for lactating cows, dry cows, and heifers.</p> <p>The <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/total-mixed-rations-for-dairy-cows">total mixed ration (TMR) nutritional system</a> is perhaps the most widely adopted method for feeding high-producing dairy cows. As long as quality control is maintained, <a href=https://extension.psu.edu/use-of-commodity-ingredients-for-dairy-cattle">commodity ingredients can be effectively included</a> in a dairy herd TMR diet, making it cost-effective.</p> <p><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/where-to-start-in-component-fed-herds">Component-fed nutrition systems</a> are also very common. Producers feed their herd with forages and concentrates separately throughout the day, usually following a fiber, energy, and protein feed sequence. Resources on component-fed nutrition and supplements are also available in this section.</p> <p>Additionally, you can find information on <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/precision-feeding-dairy-heifers-strategies-and-recommendations">precision feeding strategies</a> and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/precision-feeding-technology">technologies, byproduct feeds</a>, and even on <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-sense-precision-feeding-lifeline">precision feeding as a cost management mechanism</a>.</p> <p>Managing dairy herd nutrition for pastured cattle poses numerous challenges. Use Penn State Extension’s resources on nutrition models for lactating cows on pasture, pasturing dry cows and heifers, as well as advice on necessary dietary minerals and supplements.</p> <h2>Feed for Heifers, Lactating, and Dry Cows</h2> <p>Dairy cattle nutrition requirements are unique at each stage of lactation. Here you can find information and tools for managing the feeds for heifers, lactating, and dry cows.</p> <p>Look up our resources on <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/feed-efficiency-in-dairy-heifers">feed efficiency</a> and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/monitoring-dairy-heifers">controlling feed costs for heifers</a>, or use the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-heifer-diet-formulator-spreadsheet">dairy heifer diet formulator tool</a>.</p> <p>Read more on the dietary needs of <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/maximizing-feed-intake-key-for-transition-cow-success">transition cows</a>. Information on lactating cows’ nutritional needs is also readily available here, as well as in the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/product-quality">Dairy Production and Milk Quality</a> section.</p> <h2>Forage and Pasture Quality, Water Supply, and Use of Supplements</h2> <p>Dairy cattle should consume enough forage material – pasture grasses, fodder, and silage – to meet their daily caloric requirements. This can be achieved through grazing, using feeding equipment, or a combination of both. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages">Common wet and dry forage materials</a> include corn, barley, hay, alfalfa, and pasture grasses.</p> <p>Learn <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/determining-forage-quality-understanding-feed-analysis">how to determine forage quality</a>, and understand forage ranking quality factors. Use our resources to get actionable insights on pasture quality and dairy grazing management. </p> <p>To ensure the health and productivity of their cattle, dairy producers add various supplements and additives to the feed. High-energy supplements are often used for pasture-based nutritional systems, as are fat and alternative forage supplements. </p> <p>Adequate intake of clean water is just as important as feeding for healthy cattle and milk production. You can find more information on cattle water requirements here, and get advice on watering systems in the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/facilities-and-technology">Dairy Facilities and Milking Equipment</a> section.</p> <p>Feeding cows the right amount of food in the right combination helps them to maintain a healthy weight. Underweight or malnourished cows are unlikely to produce a high volume of good milk. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/body-condition-scoring-as-a-tool-for-dairy-herd-management">Body condition scoring</a> can help you determine whether a cow is at a healthy weight.</p> <h2>Weaning Strategies for Calves</h2> <p>Comprehensive resources related to feeding and weaning calves are also available here. From feeding the newborn dairy calf to colostrum supplements and feeding milk replacer, you can find all the necessary information and tools to manage calves’ nutrition needs. The <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/using-the-calf-milk-pasteurization-evaluator-spreadsheet">Calf Milk Pasteurization Evaluator</a> can also be a useful tool for producers, helping them determine the costs of operating a pasteurizer and feeding waste milk to calves.</p> <p>Additionally, Penn State Extension provides insights and best practices on <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/early-weaning-strategies">weaning strategies</a> and nutrition considerations. You can browse our <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/reproduction-and-genetics">Dairy Cow Reproduction</a> section for even more information on dairy cattle breeding and calving.</p></div> </div><div class="columns"><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init='{"collapsible":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } }}'> <div class="block-title filter-title" data-count="0"><strong data-role="title">Narrow By</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content"> <strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="filter-options" id="narrow-by-list" data-role="content" data-mage-init='{"accordion":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": [0,1,2], "multipleCollapsible": true}}'> <div data-role="collapsible" class="filter-options-item"><div 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their role in livestock nutrition, and best management practices in this workshop featuring a pasture walk and hands-on forage demonstration. Lunch is included.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_69223" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/help-calves-thrive-this-winter" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-69223-67bfbafd36a4f"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/4/44e0a1eeb6ab2c303618d4cd523bb4f7.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/4/44e0a1eeb6ab2c303618d4cd523bb4f7.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/4/44e0a1eeb6ab2c303618d4cd523bb4f7.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Help&#x20;Calves&#x20;Thrive&#x20;This&#x20;Winter"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6922367bfbafd36a4f { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6922367bfbafd36a4f span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6922367bfbafd36a4f span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/help-calves-thrive-this-winter">Help Calves Thrive This Winter</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Angela Breneman</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Ensuring consistent gains for calves through the winter can be challenging. Learn how to be a proactive versus a reactive calf producer during the colder months.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_36631" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/can-we-feed-to-prevent-mastitis" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-36631-67bfbafd37b06"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/0/00d5aea5ac412605b86d5fb9d1fea0ad.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/0/00d5aea5ac412605b86d5fb9d1fea0ad.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/0/00d5aea5ac412605b86d5fb9d1fea0ad.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo&#x20;Credit&#x20;Robert&#x20;Van&#x20;Saun"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3663167bfbafd37b06 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3663167bfbafd37b06 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3663167bfbafd37b06 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/can-we-feed-to-prevent-mastitis">Can We Feed to Prevent Mastitis?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Robert J. Van Saun, DVM, MS, PhD</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Properly formulate the ration for dry cows to prevent potential disease after calving.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_68302" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/winter-calf-care" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-68302-67bfbafd38c35"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/a/caf2956399e8583459348a0961a46621.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/a/caf2956399e8583459348a0961a46621.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/a/caf2956399e8583459348a0961a46621.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Winter&#x20;Calf&#x20;Care"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6830267bfbafd38c35 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6830267bfbafd38c35 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6830267bfbafd38c35 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/winter-calf-care">Winter Calf Care</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Angela Breneman</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This article will discuss the C&#039;s of calf care management and focus on disease prevention how to provide adequate nutrition for continual growth during the winter.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_26788" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-day" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-26788-67bfbafd39d31"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/c/bc7f626ddb357bbfdfeb4a9b5e19524b.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/c/bc7f626ddb357bbfdfeb4a9b5e19524b.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/c/bc7f626ddb357bbfdfeb4a9b5e19524b.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Southwest&#x20;Pennsylvania&#x20;Regional&#x20;Dairy&#x20;Day"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2678867bfbafd39d31 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2678867bfbafd39d31 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2678867bfbafd39d31 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="811"></span> Workshops</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="26788" data-price-box="product-id-26788"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price&#x20;tax&#x20;weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-26788" data-price-amount="0" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">Free</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-day">Southwest Pennsylvania Regional Dairy Day</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute when'><span class='label'>When </span><span class='value'>03/06/2025</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>6 hours</span></div> <div class='attribute cvent_event_format'><span class='label'>Event Format </span><span class='value'>In-Person</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Please join us at the annual Southwest Pennsylvania Regional Dairy Day for an informative workshop designed for dairy producers and other affiliated industry personnel.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_36584" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-particle-size-separator-psps" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-36584-67bfbafd3dcc4"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_9202.jpg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_9202.jpg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_9202.jpg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Penn&#x20;State&#x20;Particle&#x20;Size&#x20;Separator&#x20;&#x28;PSPS&#x29;"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3658467bfbafd3dcc4 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3658467bfbafd3dcc4 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3658467bfbafd3dcc4 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-particle-size-separator-psps">Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPS)</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Cassie Yost, Greg Strait</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>7:58</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPS) is an effective tool to help determine proper particle length and feed distribution in dairy rations and forage samples.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_36310" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/providing-water-to-calves-at-birth-liquid-feeds-serve-a-different-purpose" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-36310-67bfbafd3ee02"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/810ce665e78f1e39e41096fd79c40dc2.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/810ce665e78f1e39e41096fd79c40dc2.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/810ce665e78f1e39e41096fd79c40dc2.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo&#x20;Credit&#x20;Rainey&#x20;Rosemond,&#x20;Penn&#x20;State&#x20;Extension"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3631067bfbafd3ee02 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3631067bfbafd3ee02 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3631067bfbafd3ee02 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/providing-water-to-calves-at-birth-liquid-feeds-serve-a-different-purpose">Providing Water to Calves at Birth – Liquid Feeds Serve a Different Purpose</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Rainey Rosemond</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Supplemental water for calves may allow for increased growth and improved digestive function.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_35154" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-sense-pricing-feed-from-field-moving-past-thumb-rules" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-35154-67bfbafd3ff27"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/4/f4759e046c9420e8392a5c16fe1fe780.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/4/f4759e046c9420e8392a5c16fe1fe780.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/4/f4759e046c9420e8392a5c16fe1fe780.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Image&#x20;by&#x20;Gerd&#x20;Altmann&#x20;from&#x20;Pixabay"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3515467bfbafd3ff27 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3515467bfbafd3ff27 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3515467bfbafd3ff27 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-sense-pricing-feed-from-field-moving-past-thumb-rules">Dairy Sense: Pricing Feed from Field – Moving Past Thumb Rules</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Virginia A. Ishler</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Precision pricing forages and grain directly out of the field can be a benefit to both seller and buyer.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_35364" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/where-does-hay-fit-into-the-calf-diet" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-35364-67bfbafd41006"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0d9dd03ce91f1096cd46a0bfac8ab85.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0d9dd03ce91f1096cd46a0bfac8ab85.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0d9dd03ce91f1096cd46a0bfac8ab85.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo&#x20;Credit&#x20;Cassie&#x20;Yost,&#x20;Penn&#x20;State&#x20;Extension"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3536467bfbafd41006 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3536467bfbafd41006 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3536467bfbafd41006 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/where-does-hay-fit-into-the-calf-diet">Where Does Hay Fit Into the Calf Diet?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Cassie Yost</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Decisions to add hay to calf diets should be based on management of the calf and heifer program on farm.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5424" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spreadsheet-to-price-standing-corn-for-silage" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-5424-67bfbafd420d8"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/a/7abe74e6dd52110af5a830b68f509824.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/a/7abe74e6dd52110af5a830b68f509824.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/a/7abe74e6dd52110af5a830b68f509824.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Partially&#x20;chopped&#x20;field&#x20;of&#x20;corn&#x20;for&#x20;silage"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-542467bfbafd420d8 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-542467bfbafd420d8 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-542467bfbafd420d8 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="804"></span> Tools and Apps</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/spreadsheet-to-price-standing-corn-for-silage">Spreadsheet to Price Standing Corn for Silage</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Tim Beck, Virginia A. Ishler, Robert C. Goodling, Jr., Gregory W. Roth, Ph.D., Paul Craig, Douglas Beegle, Ph.D., Ken Griswold</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Use this spreadsheet to price your standing corn for silage.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_34462" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-sense-hot-weather-ration-sense" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-34462-67bfbafd43377"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/4/b469a7393e4b8c520c34a5a63efc0e73.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/4/b469a7393e4b8c520c34a5a63efc0e73.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/4/b469a7393e4b8c520c34a5a63efc0e73.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo&#x20;Credit&#x20;Image&#x20;by&#x20;jplenio&#x20;from&#x20;Pixabay"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3446267bfbafd43377 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3446267bfbafd43377 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3446267bfbafd43377 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-sense-hot-weather-ration-sense">Dairy Sense: Hot Weather Ration Sense</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Virginia A. Ishler</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Feeding milk cows differently during hot summer months helps to offset reduced feed intake.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_34718" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/interpretacion-de-los-analisis-de-agua-de-bebida-para-ganado-lechero" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-34718-67bfbafd444c9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/84783247391fb324e6523cde5da325c8_1.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/84783247391fb324e6523cde5da325c8_1.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/84783247391fb324e6523cde5da325c8_1.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Interpretaci&#xF3;n&#x20;de&#x20;los&#x20;an&#xE1;lisis&#x20;de&#x20;agua&#x20;de&#x20;bebida&#x20;para&#x20;ganado&#x20;lechero"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3471867bfbafd444c9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3471867bfbafd444c9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3471867bfbafd444c9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/interpretacion-de-los-analisis-de-agua-de-bebida-para-ganado-lechero">Interpretación de los análisis de agua de bebida para ganado lechero</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Bryan Swistock</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Este artículo describe algunos de los contaminantes comunes que se encuentran en los suministros de agua en Pensilvania y su efecto potencial en las vacas lecheras.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3551" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/interpreting-drinking-water-tests-for-dairy-cows" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-3551-67bfbafd455c7"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/84783247391fb324e6523cde5da325c8.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/84783247391fb324e6523cde5da325c8.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/84783247391fb324e6523cde5da325c8.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Interpreting&#x20;Drinking&#x20;Water&#x20;Tests&#x20;for&#x20;Dairy&#x20;Cows"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-355167bfbafd455c7 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-355167bfbafd455c7 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-355167bfbafd455c7 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/interpreting-drinking-water-tests-for-dairy-cows">Interpreting Drinking Water Tests for Dairy Cows</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Bryan Swistock</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This article describes some of the common pollutants found in water supplies in Pennsylvania and their potential effect on dairy cows.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4512" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/ionophores-a-technology-to-improve-cattle-efficiency" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-4512-67bfbafd466b6"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/3/43f27cfece9c2984fae6c544c709dcbc.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/3/43f27cfece9c2984fae6c544c709dcbc.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/3/43f27cfece9c2984fae6c544c709dcbc.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure&#x20;1.&#x20;Conversion&#x20;of&#x20;glucose&#x20;to&#x20;acetate.&#x20;Source&#x3A;&#x20;&quot;Digestion&#x3A;&#x20;The&#x20;Fermentative&#x20;Processes&quot;"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-451267bfbafd466b6 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-451267bfbafd466b6 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-451267bfbafd466b6 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/ionophores-a-technology-to-improve-cattle-efficiency">Ionophores: A Technology to Improve Cattle Efficiency</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Tara L. Felix</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This article explains how the use of ionophores—antibiotics that shift ruminal fermentation patterns—can improve cattle production efficiency.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_34091" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-value-of-water" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-34091-67bfbafd478b0"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/2/42b94609e2c6abdea29f0121bf9689e7.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/2/42b94609e2c6abdea29f0121bf9689e7.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/2/42b94609e2c6abdea29f0121bf9689e7.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo&#x20;Credit&#x20;Penn&#x20;State&#x20;Extension"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3409167bfbafd478b0 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3409167bfbafd478b0 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3409167bfbafd478b0 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-value-of-water">The Value of Water</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Carly Becker</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">From calves to lactating cows, it is essential to make sure the herd has an ample and clean water supply.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_33814" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-sense-impact-of-changing-pasture-quality" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-33814-67bfbafd48986"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/2/72cacbde52c588ea2d71940d6d204ff0.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/2/72cacbde52c588ea2d71940d6d204ff0.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/2/72cacbde52c588ea2d71940d6d204ff0.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Dairy&#x20;cows&#x20;in&#x20;a&#x20;pasture&#x3B;&#x20;Photo&#x20;Credit&#x3A;&#x20;Penn&#x20;State&#x20;Extension"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3381467bfbafd48986 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3381467bfbafd48986 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3381467bfbafd48986 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/dairy-sense-impact-of-changing-pasture-quality">Dairy Sense: Impact of Changing Pasture Quality</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Virginia A. Ishler</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">When using pasture to supplement forage inventory, pasture quality should be monitored for changing conditions.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_57054" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/feeding-practices-to-prevent-subacute-ruminal-acidosis" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-57054-67bfbafd49a44"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/7/c7ad88c334ba5b0c7a486d0adb492cfd.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/7/c7ad88c334ba5b0c7a486d0adb492cfd.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/7/c7ad88c334ba5b0c7a486d0adb492cfd.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Feeding&#x20;Practices&#x20;to&#x20;Prevent&#x20;Subacute&#x20;Ruminal&#x20;Acidosis"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5705467bfbafd49a44 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5705467bfbafd49a44 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5705467bfbafd49a44 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="810"></span> Webinars</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="57054" data-price-box="product-id-57054"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price&#x20;tax&#x20;weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-57054" data-price-amount="0" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">Free</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/feeding-practices-to-prevent-subacute-ruminal-acidosis">Feeding Practices to Prevent Subacute Ruminal Acidosis</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute when'><span class='label'>When </span><span class='value'>Watch Now</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>1 hour</span></div> <div class='attribute recorded'><span class='label'>Recorded </span><span class='value'>Feb 20, 2024</span></div> <div class='attribute cvent_event_format'><span class='label'>Event Format </span><span class='value'>On-Demand | Recorded</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Join Dr. Van Saun&#039;s webinar to optimize livestock health. Identify and prevent SARA, empowering producers with proactive strategies. Enhance your expertise – don&#039;t miss out!</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_56082" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/preventing-dairy-cow-ketosis-transition-cow-management" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-56082-67bfbafd4e248"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/3/c31f3dd10033942c9bffeb9be7b07be4.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/3/c31f3dd10033942c9bffeb9be7b07be4.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/3/c31f3dd10033942c9bffeb9be7b07be4.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Preventing&#x20;Dairy&#x20;Cow&#x20;Ketosis&#x3A;&#x20;Transition&#x20;Cow&#x20;Management"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5608267bfbafd4e248 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5608267bfbafd4e248 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5608267bfbafd4e248 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="810"></span> Webinars</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="56082" data-price-box="product-id-56082"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price&#x20;tax&#x20;weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-56082" data-price-amount="0" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">Free</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/preventing-dairy-cow-ketosis-transition-cow-management">Preventing Dairy Cow Ketosis: Transition Cow Management</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute when'><span class='label'>When </span><span class='value'>Watch Now</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>1 hour</span></div> <div class='attribute recorded'><span class='label'>Recorded </span><span class='value'>Jan 30, 2024</span></div> <div class='attribute cvent_event_format'><span class='label'>Event Format </span><span class='value'>On-Demand | Recorded</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Learn about proper feeding, effective cow grouping, and the role of body condition in preventing ketosis in this informative webinar.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3725" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/total-mixed-rations-for-dairy-cows" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-3725-67bfbafd52b18"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/e/de00891886ccc5c4015fe88e97dfae87_1.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/e/de00891886ccc5c4015fe88e97dfae87_1.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/e/de00891886ccc5c4015fe88e97dfae87_1.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Dairy&#x20;cows&#x20;eating&#x20;rations.&#x20;Photo&#x20;source&#x3A;&#x20;BigStockPhoto"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-372567bfbafd52b18 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-372567bfbafd52b18 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-372567bfbafd52b18 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/total-mixed-rations-for-dairy-cows">Total Mixed Rations for Dairy Cows</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Virginia A. Ishler, Rainey Rosemond, Tim Beck, Carly Becker</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This informative publication explains how feeding a total mixed ration (TMR) help dairy cows achieve maximum performance and is the most common method for feeding high producing dairy cows.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4486" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-income-over-feed-costs" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-4486-67bfbafd53d9a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/9/89cbe4282e79f8fb36cbe2dffc9b9ccb.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/9/89cbe4282e79f8fb36cbe2dffc9b9ccb.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/9/89cbe4282e79f8fb36cbe2dffc9b9ccb.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Holsteins&#x20;eating.&#x20;Photo&#x20;from&#x20;Bigstock"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-448667bfbafd53d9a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-448667bfbafd53d9a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-448667bfbafd53d9a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-income-over-feed-costs">Managing Income Over Feed Costs</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Tim Beck, Virginia A. Ishler</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">To remain profitable, producers should be monitoring and making decisions based on their herd&#039;s &quot;income over feed costs&quot; (IOFC).</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_30553" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/achieving-a-healthy-weaning-transition" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-30553-67bfbafd54f3b"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/e/eeadc453182d0bfe2cfb0877e8d41156.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/e/eeadc453182d0bfe2cfb0877e8d41156.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/e/eeadc453182d0bfe2cfb0877e8d41156.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Weaning&#x20;calves&#x3B;&#x20;Photo&#x20;Credit&#x20;Cassie&#x20;Yost,&#x20;Penn&#x20;State&#x20;Extension"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3055367bfbafd54f3b { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3055367bfbafd54f3b span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3055367bfbafd54f3b span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/achieving-a-healthy-weaning-transition">Achieving a Healthy Weaning Transition</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Cassie Yost</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Ensuring that your calves are achieving a healthy weaning transition is key to their nutritional success as they grow and develop.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_6389" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/using-the-body-condition-scoring-excel-spreadsheet-series" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-6389-67bfbafd56013"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0a3f9882acb41c9f83c3b0144e896b8e.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0a3f9882acb41c9f83c3b0144e896b8e.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0a3f9882acb41c9f83c3b0144e896b8e.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Using&#x20;the&#x20;Body&#x20;Condition&#x20;Scoring&#x20;Excel&#x20;Spreadsheet&#x20;Series"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-638967bfbafd56013 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-638967bfbafd56013 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-638967bfbafd56013 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/using-the-body-condition-scoring-excel-spreadsheet-series">Using the Body Condition Scoring Excel Spreadsheet Series</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Coleen M. Jones, Jud Heinrichs</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Instructions for the Body Condition Scoring spreadsheet series, used to evaluate body condition in cows and heifers. Spreadsheet series is designed for a scale of 1 to 5.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_6400" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/nutrition-immunity-and-mastitis" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-6400-67bfbafd5721a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/496e45dc5e5088bab026ab641952c985.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/496e45dc5e5088bab026ab641952c985.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/496e45dc5e5088bab026ab641952c985.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Nutrition&#x20;may&#x20;help&#x20;prevent&#x20;mastitis"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-640067bfbafd5721a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-640067bfbafd5721a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-640067bfbafd5721a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/nutrition-immunity-and-mastitis">Nutrition, Immunity and Mastitis</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Robert J. Van Saun, DVM, MS, PhD</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The role of nutrition in mastitis prevention is reviewed relative to its impact on immune response of dairy cows</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_6337" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/determining-forage-quality-understanding-feed-analysis" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-6337-67bfbafd58326"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/6/b65b0d75a6a4afec8405c5253b9a7dab.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/6/b65b0d75a6a4afec8405c5253b9a7dab.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/6/b65b0d75a6a4afec8405c5253b9a7dab.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Determining&#x20;Forage&#x20;Quality&#x3A;&#x20;Understanding&#x20;Feed&#x20;Analysis"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-633767bfbafd58326 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-633767bfbafd58326 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-633767bfbafd58326 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/determining-forage-quality-understanding-feed-analysis">Determining Forage Quality: Understanding Feed Analysis</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Robert J. Van Saun, DVM, MS, PhD</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Learn how to use feed analysis to determine forage quality, and exactly what feeding a high quality forage means.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3440" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/troubleshooting-silage-problems" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container&#x20;product-image-container-3440-67bfbafd59499"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3b9623faa6948b98f4b5273fd5f6aa0c.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3b9623faa6948b98f4b5273fd5f6aa0c.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448&amp;dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3b9623faa6948b98f4b5273fd5f6aa0c.jpeg?quality=80&amp;bg-color=255,255,255&amp;fit=bounds&amp;height=448&amp;width=676&amp;canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Troubleshooting&#x20;Silage&#x20;Problems"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-344067bfbafd59499 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-344067bfbafd59499 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-344067bfbafd59499 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/troubleshooting-silage-problems">Troubleshooting Silage Problems</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Robert J. Van Saun, DVM, MS, PhD, Jud Heinrichs</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Practical information for evaluating silage quality and feeding management to determine its potential role in production or health problems on the dairy farm.</div> </div></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="toolbar toolbar-products toolbar-bottom" data-mage-init='{"productListToolbarForm":{"mode":"product_list_mode","direction":"product_list_dir","order":"product_list_order","limit":"product_list_limit","modeDefault":"list","directionDefault":null,"orderDefault":"publish_date","limitDefault":25,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/animals-and-livestock\/dairy\/nutrition-and-feeding","formKey":"uJ4MRKwKEsO1WvX4","post":false}}'> <div class="pages"><strong class="label pages-label" id="paging-label">Page</strong> <div class="items pages-items" aria-labelledby="paging-label"><div class="item pages-item-previous"> <a class="action&#x20; previous disabled" 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