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Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Marwolaeth" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Marwolaeth" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Marwolaeth" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Cyfraniadau</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Diagnosis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Problemau_diffiniad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problemau_diffiniad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Problemau diffiniad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problemau_diffiniad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diffinio_bywyd_i_ddiffinio_marwolaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diffinio_bywyd_i_ddiffinio_marwolaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Diffinio bywyd i ddiffinio marwolaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diffinio_bywyd_i_ddiffinio_marwolaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diffiniad_o_farwolaeth_gan_guriad_y_galon_ac_anadl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diffiniad_o_farwolaeth_gan_guriad_y_galon_ac_anadl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Diffiniad o farwolaeth gan guriad y galon ac anadl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diffiniad_o_farwolaeth_gan_guriad_y_galon_ac_anadl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Marwolaeth yr ymennydd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marwolaeth_ymennydd_neocortical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marwolaeth_ymennydd_neocortical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Marwolaeth ymennydd neocortical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marwolaeth_ymennydd_neocortical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd_cyfan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd_cyfan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Marwolaeth yr ymennydd cyfan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd_cyfan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arwyddion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arwyddion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Arwyddion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arwyddion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfreithiol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfreithiol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cyfreithiol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfreithiol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achosion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achosion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Achosion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Achosion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Achosion</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Achosion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awtopsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awtopsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Awtopsi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awtopsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marwolaeth_cyn_geni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marwolaeth_cyn_geni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Marwolaeth cyn geni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marwolaeth_cyn_geni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Marwolaeth cyn geni</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Marwolaeth_cyn_geni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cryoneg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryoneg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cryoneg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryoneg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cymdeithas_a_diwylliant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cymdeithas_a_diwylliant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cymdeithas a diwylliant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cymdeithas_a_diwylliant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crefydd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crefydd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Crefydd</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crefydd-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toglo is-adran Crefydd</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crefydd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yr_Eglwys_Geltaidd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yr_Eglwys_Geltaidd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Yr Eglwys Geltaidd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yr_Eglwys_Geltaidd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bwdhaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bwdhaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bwdhaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bwdhaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cristionogaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cristionogaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cristionogaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cristionogaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hindwaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindwaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Hindwaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindwaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iddewiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iddewiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Iddewiaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iddewiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llyfryddiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llyfryddiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Llyfryddiaeth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llyfryddiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darllen_pellach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darllen_pellach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Darllen pellach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darllen_pellach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni_allanol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni_allanol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Dolenni allanol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni_allanol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marwolaeth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 170 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-170" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">170 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dood" title="Dood - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dood" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tod" title="Tod - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tod" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%89%B5" title="ሞት - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte" title="Muerte - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Muerte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܘܬܐ - Aramaeg" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81" title="মৃত্যু - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মৃত্যু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte" title="Muerte - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Muerte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Хвел - Afareg" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хвел" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Afareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96l%C3%BCm" title="Ölüm - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ölüm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="اؤلوم - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اؤلوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үлем - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үлем" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doud" title="Doud - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Doud" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smert%C4%97s" title="Smertės - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Smertės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagadanan" title="Kagadanan - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kagadanan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Смерць - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Смерць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Сьмерць - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьмерць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82" title="Смърт - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Смърт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4" title="मौत - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मौत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81" title="মৃত্যু - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মৃত্যু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཤི་བ། - Tibeteg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤི་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marv" title="Marv - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Үхэл - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үхэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort" title="Mort - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mort" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%AB" title="Sī - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ӏожалла - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏожалла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatayon" title="Kamatayon - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kamatayon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مەرگ - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Съмрьть - Hen Slafoneg" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Съмрьть" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Hen Slafoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Вилĕм - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вилĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B8d" title="Død - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Død" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tod" title="Tod - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tod" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merg" title="Merg - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Merg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="މަރު - Difehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Difehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Θάνατος - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θάνατος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" title="Death - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Death" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morto" title="Morto - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Morto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte" title="Muerte - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muerte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surm" title="Surm - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Surm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heriotza" title="Heriotza - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Heriotza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerti" title="Muerti - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Muerti" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مرگ - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuolema" title="Kuolema - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuolema" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuul_(surm)" title="Kuul (surm) - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kuul (surm)" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort" title="Mort - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mort" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dea" title="Dea - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dea" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1s" title="Bás - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bás" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E4%B8%96" title="過世 - Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="過世" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%C3%B2" title="Lanmò - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mano" title="Mano - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mano" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%C3%BA" title="Okú - Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Okú" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutuwa" title="Mutuwa - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mutuwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD" title="Sí - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מוות - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="मृत्यु - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मृत्यु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maut" title="Maut - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Maut" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%C3%B2" title="Lanmò - Creol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lanmò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%A1l" title="Halál - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halál" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Մահ - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մահ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Մահ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մահ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemati" title="Pemati - Ibaneg" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pemati" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kematian" title="Kematian - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kematian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patay" title="Patay - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Patay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Валар - Ingwsieg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Валар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingwsieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morto" title="Morto - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Morto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dau%C3%B0i" title="Dauði - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dauði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8B%E1%94%AA%E1%90%83%E1%93%95%E1%96%85%E1%91%90%E1%96%85" title="ᐋᔪᐃᓕᖅᑐᖅ - Inwctitwt" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐋᔪᐃᓕᖅᑐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inwctitwt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="死" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სიკვდილი - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიკვდილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lmut" title="Lmut - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lmut" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%A9m" title="Sɩm - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1khwu" title="A̱khwu - Tyapeg" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱khwu" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyapeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Өлім - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Өлім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96" title="មរណភាព - Chmereg" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មរណភាព" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmereg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ಮರಣ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BD%EC%9D%8C" title="죽음 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="죽음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mirin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mernans" title="Mernans - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mernans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BC" title="Өлүм - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өлүм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mors" title="Mors - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mors" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doead" title="Doead - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Doead" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte - Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort" title="Mort - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mort" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liw%C3%A2" title="Liwâ - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Liwâ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirtis" title="Mirtis - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mirtis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81ve" title="Nāve - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nāve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahafatesana" title="Fahafatesana - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fahafatesana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%82" title="Смрт - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Смрт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="മരണം - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Үхэл - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үхэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="मृत्यू - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मृत्यू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Колен - Mari Gorllewinol" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Колен" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Mari Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajal" title="Ajal - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ajal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewt" title="Mewt - Malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mewt" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သေဆုံးခြင်း - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သေဆုံးခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Кулома озкс - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кулома озкс" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquiztli" title="Miquiztli - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Miquiztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dood" title="Dood - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dood" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="मृत्यु - Newaeg" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मृत्यु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%27amate" title="Fa'amate - Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Fa'amate" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dood" title="Dood - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B8d" title="Død - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Død" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B8d" title="Død - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Død" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mòrt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4" title="ਮੌਤ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੌਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamat%C3%A1yan" title="Kamatáyan - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kamatáyan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morto" title="Morto - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Morto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" title="Death - Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Death" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Amier%C4%87" title="Śmierć - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śmierć" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%86" title="مرن - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مرن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87" title="مړینه - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مړینه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa%C3%B1uy" title="Wañuy - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wañuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moarte" title="Moarte - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Moarte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moarti" title="Moarti - Aromaneg" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Moarti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Смерть - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Смерть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Смерть - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Смерть" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Өлүү - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өлүү" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱜᱩᱨ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱩᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morti" title="Morti - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Morti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daith" title="Daith - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Daith" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="මරණය - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" title="Death - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Death" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smr%C5%A5" title="Smrť - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Smrť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufu" title="Rufu - Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rufu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geeri" title="Geeri - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Geeri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vdekja" title="Vdekja - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vdekja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%82" title="Смрт - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Смрт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%A9h" title="Paéh - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Paéh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6den" title="Döden - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Döden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauti" title="Mauti - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mauti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Amjyr%C4%87" title="Śmjyrć - Silesieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Śmjyrć" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="இறப்பு - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இறப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81" title="ಸಾವು - Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸಾವು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="మరణం - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మరణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ความตาย - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความตาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96l%C3%BCm" title="Ölüm - Tyrcmeneg" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ölüm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Tyrcmeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatayan" title="Kamatayan - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kamatayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96l%C3%BCm" title="Ölüm - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ölüm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үлем - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үлем" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owuo" title="Owuo - Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Owuo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Смерть - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Смерть" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBlim" title="Oʻlim - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻlim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surm" title="Surm - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Surm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BFt" title="Chết - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moirt" title="Moirt - Walwneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Moirt" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walwneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatayon" title="Kamatayon - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kamatayon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="死" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ღურა - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ღურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98" title="טויט - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טויט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ik%C3%BA" title="Ikú - Iorwba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ikú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Iorwba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai" title="Dai - Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dai" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="死亡 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="死亡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死 - Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="死" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD-b%C3%B4ng" title="Sí-bông - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sí-bông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="死" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukufa" title="Ukufa - Swlw" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukufa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Swlw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marwolaeth" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Erthygl</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sgwrs:Marwolaeth" rel="discussion" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cymraeg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marwolaeth"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Blwch offer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marwolaeth"><span>Darllen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Golygu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Golygu cod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=history"><span>Gweld hanes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Marwolaeth" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Marwolaeth" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Newidiadau perthnasol</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Tudalennau arbennig</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&oldid=12560798" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon"><span>Dolen barhaol</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon"><span>Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Marwolaeth&id=12560798&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon"><span>Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarwolaeth"><span>Cael URL byr</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMarwolaeth"><span>Lawrlwytho cod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Marwolaeth"><span>Llunio llyfr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Marwolaeth&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lawrlwytho fel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Fersiwn argraffu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Death" hreflang="en"><span>Comin Wikimedia</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Eitem Wicidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" cellspacing="5" style="float: right; clear: right; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; width:22em; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding: 0.2em; border-spacing: 0.4em 0; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 88%;" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr> <td class="" style="padding-top: 0.4em; line-height: 1.2em;">Erthyglau'n ymwneud â</td> </tr><tr> <th class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; padding-top: 0; font-size: 145%; line-height: 1.2em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marwolaeth</a></th> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding: 0.2em 0 0.4em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Death,_symbolism;_three_skeletons_with_roundel_of_corpses,_Wellcome_L0000680.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Death%2C_symbolism%3B_three_skeletons_with_roundel_of_corpses%2C_Wellcome_L0000680.jpg/190px-Death%2C_symbolism%3B_three_skeletons_with_roundel_of_corpses%2C_Wellcome_L0000680.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Death%2C_symbolism%3B_three_skeletons_with_roundel_of_corpses%2C_Wellcome_L0000680.jpg/285px-Death%2C_symbolism%3B_three_skeletons_with_roundel_of_corpses%2C_Wellcome_L0000680.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Death%2C_symbolism%3B_three_skeletons_with_roundel_of_corpses%2C_Wellcome_L0000680.jpg/380px-Death%2C_symbolism%3B_three_skeletons_with_roundel_of_corpses%2C_Wellcome_L0000680.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1618" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em 0.3em; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="/wiki/Angeueg" title="Angeueg">Angeueg</a></td></tr><tr> <th class="" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.4em; ;">Meddygaeth</th> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding-bottom: 0.2em; ;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afiechyd_anwelladwy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afiechyd anwelladwy (dim tudalen ar gael)">Afiechyd anwelladwy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Awtopsi" title="Awtopsi">Awtopsi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ewthanasia" title="Ewthanasia">Ewthanasia</a></td> </tr><tr> <th class="" style="padding-top: 0.2em; ;">Achosion a mathau</th> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding-bottom: 0.2em; ;"> <a href="/wiki/Cyfradd_marwolaeth" title="Cyfradd marwolaeth">Cyfradd marw</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hil-laddiad" title="Hil-laddiad">Hil-laddiad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hunanladdiad" title="Hunanladdiad">Hunanladdiad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Llofruddiaeth" title="Llofruddiaeth">Llofruddiaeth</a></td> </tr><tr> <th class="" style="padding-top: 0.2em; ;">Wedi marwolaeth</th> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding-bottom: 0.2em; ;"> <a href="/wiki/Amlosgiad" title="Amlosgiad">Amlosgiad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Angladd" title="Angladd">Angladd</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claddedigaeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claddedigaeth (dim tudalen ar gael)">Claddedigaeth</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cynhebrwng" title="Cynhebrwng">Cynhebrwng</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gwylnos" title="Gwylnos">Gwylnos</a></td> </tr><tr> <th class="" style="padding-top: 0.2em; ;">Y gyfraith</th> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding-bottom: 0.2em; ;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corffgarwch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corffgarwch (dim tudalen ar gael)">Corffgarwch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Crwner" title="Crwner">Crwner</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dienyddio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dienyddio (dim tudalen ar gael)">Dienyddio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Etifeddiaeth" title="Etifeddiaeth">Etifeddiaeth</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ewyllys_(cyfraith)" title="Ewyllys (cyfraith)">Ewyllys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trengholiad" title="Trengholiad">Trengholiad</a></td> </tr><tr> <th class="" style="padding-top: 0.2em; ;">Crefydd ac athroniaeth</th> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding-bottom: 0.2em; ;"> <a href="/wiki/Aberth_dynol" title="Aberth dynol">Aberth dynol</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anfarwoldeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anfarwoldeb (dim tudalen ar gael)">Anfarwoldeb</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atgyfodiad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atgyfodiad (dim tudalen ar gael)">Atgyfodiad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bywyd_ar_%C3%B4l_marwolaeth" title="Bywyd ar ôl marwolaeth">Bywyd ar ôl marwolaeth</a> · <a href="/wiki/Merthyr" title="Merthyr">Merthyr</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ysbryd" title="Ysbryd">Ysbryd</a></td> </tr><tr> <th class="" style="padding-top: 0.2em; ;">Diwylliant a chymdeithas</th> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding-bottom: 0.2em; ;"> <a href="/wiki/Gweddw" title="Gweddw">Gweddw</a> · <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memento_mori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memento mori (dim tudalen ar gael)">Memento mori</a></i> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ysgrif_goffa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ysgrif goffa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ysgrif goffa</a></td> </tr><tr> <td class="" style="padding: 0.3em 0.4em 0.3em; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="/wiki/Categori:Marwolaeth" title="Categori:Marwolaeth">Categori</a></td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align: right; font-size: 115%;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Nodyn:Marwolaeth" title="Nodyn:Marwolaeth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs_Nodyn:Marwolaeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sgwrs Nodyn:Marwolaeth (dim tudalen ar gael)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Marwolaeth&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Marwolaeth</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Dead_dog_in_Ulaanbaatar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dead_dog_in_Ulaanbaatar.jpg/220px-Dead_dog_in_Ulaanbaatar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dead_dog_in_Ulaanbaatar.jpg/330px-Dead_dog_in_Ulaanbaatar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Dead_dog_in_Ulaanbaatar.jpg/440px-Dead_dog_in_Ulaanbaatar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Enghraifft o'r canlynol</th><td>diwedd, <a href="/wiki/Cysyniad" title="Cysyniad">cysyniad</a>, nodwedd <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td>digwyddiad <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4?uselang=cy#P279" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Y gwrthwyneb</th><td><a href="/wiki/Genedigaeth" title="Genedigaeth">genedigaeth</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4?uselang=cy#P461" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yn cynnwys</th><td>marwolaeth celloedd, proses aml-organebau, proses un-organeb, philosophy of death <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4?uselang=cy#P527" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tudalen Comin"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Death" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Death">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Llangar_sgerbwd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/5/55/Llangar_sgerbwd.jpg/220px-Llangar_sgerbwd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/5/55/Llangar_sgerbwd.jpg/330px-Llangar_sgerbwd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/cy/thumb/5/55/Llangar_sgerbwd.jpg/440px-Llangar_sgerbwd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1094" /></a><figcaption>Marwolaeth wedi'i ymgorffori mewn ysgerbwd pladurwr yn <a href="/wiki/Eglwys_Llangar" title="Eglwys Llangar">Eglwys Llangar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Le_Mire_et_Oudry_-_La_Fontaine,_fable_%27La_mort_et_le_mourant%27_(illustration).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Le_Mire_et_Oudry_-_La_Fontaine%2C_fable_%27La_mort_et_le_mourant%27_%28illustration%29.jpg/200px-Le_Mire_et_Oudry_-_La_Fontaine%2C_fable_%27La_mort_et_le_mourant%27_%28illustration%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Le_Mire_et_Oudry_-_La_Fontaine%2C_fable_%27La_mort_et_le_mourant%27_%28illustration%29.jpg/300px-Le_Mire_et_Oudry_-_La_Fontaine%2C_fable_%27La_mort_et_le_mourant%27_%28illustration%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Le_Mire_et_Oudry_-_La_Fontaine%2C_fable_%27La_mort_et_le_mourant%27_%28illustration%29.jpg/400px-Le_Mire_et_Oudry_-_La_Fontaine%2C_fable_%27La_mort_et_le_mourant%27_%28illustration%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>Darlun gorllewinol o farwolaeth, sgerbwd yn cario pladur.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Kuoleman_Puutarha_by_Hugo_Simberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kuoleman_Puutarha_by_Hugo_Simberg.jpg/200px-Kuoleman_Puutarha_by_Hugo_Simberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kuoleman_Puutarha_by_Hugo_Simberg.jpg/300px-Kuoleman_Puutarha_by_Hugo_Simberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kuoleman_Puutarha_by_Hugo_Simberg.jpg/400px-Kuoleman_Puutarha_by_Hugo_Simberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4782" data-file-height="3695" /></a><figcaption>Kuoleman puutarha, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Simberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Simberg (dim tudalen ar gael)">Hugo Simberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Marwolaeth</b> yw <a href="/wiki/Organeb_byw" title="Organeb byw">corff byw</a> yn rhoi'r gorau i bob swyddogaeth fiolegol sy'n cynnal bywyd; diwedd <a href="/wiki/Bywyd" title="Bywyd">bywyd</a> organeb. Ar gyfer organebau gydag ymennydd, gellir diffinio marwolaeth hefyd fel yr ymennydd cyfan yn rhoi'r gorau iddi, a hynny'n ddiwrthdro, gan gynnwys coesyn yr ymennydd, ac weithiau defnyddir marwolaeth yr ymennydd fel diffiniad cyfreithiol o farwolaeth, yn hytrach na'r galon yn peidio curo. Mae'r corff, fel arfer, yn dechrau dadelfennu yn fuan ar ôl marwolaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae marwolaeth yn broses naturiol, anochel sy'n digwydd ar ddiwedd einioes pob organeb. Ond mae rhai organebau, megis <i>Turritopsis dohrnii</i> (rhywogaeth o <a href="/wiki/Slefren_f%C3%B4r" title="Slefren fôr">slefren fôr</a>) yn fiolegol anfarwol. Fodd bynnag, gallant ddal i farw o ddulliau eraill heblaw heneiddio.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gall marwolaeth gyfeirio at ddiwedd bywyd fel digwyddiad neu gyflwr. Gall nifer o ffactorau gyfrannu at farwolaeth <a href="/wiki/Organeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Organeb">organeb</a> gan gynnwys <a href="/wiki/Clefyd" title="Clefyd">clefyd</a>, dinistr <a href="/wiki/Cynefin" title="Cynefin">cynefin</a>, diffyg maethiad, damweiniau, ayyb. Prif achos marwolaeth ddynol yn ngwledydd datblygedig yw clefydau o achos oed. Mae marwolaeth yn chwarae rhan bwysig yn <a href="/wiki/Diwylliant" title="Diwylliant">niwylliant</a> dynol yn ogystal â nifer o <a href="/wiki/Crefydd" title="Crefydd">grefyddau</a>. Ym <a href="/wiki/Meddygaeth" title="Meddygaeth">meddygaeth</a> mae diffiniad biolegol marwolaeth wedi dod yn gymhleth iawn wrth i <a href="/wiki/Technoleg" title="Technoleg">dechnoleg</a> ddatblygu.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Defnyddir y gair 'trigo' hefyd am gorff marw ee trigodd y gath bore ddoe, ac yn eironig iawn, mae'r gair hefyd yn golygu 'byw' ee trigodd yr hen wraig mewn bwthyn gwyngalch. Hen air am fawr yw 'trengi', sy'n dod o'r gair 'tranc'. Arferid ynganu 'marw' cyn y canoloeddoedd fel 'marf', gair unsill, dyna pam nad ynganir yr 'w' yn y gair marwnad (cerdd i rywun sydd wedi marw). Mae 'marwnad', felly'n ddeusill. </p><p>Mae darganfod pryd yn union mae rhywun wedi marw yn bendant wedi bod yn anodd. I ddechrau, diffiniwyd marwolaeth fel un oedd yn digwydd pan ddaeth anadlu a churiad y galon i ben, statws a elwir yn farwolaeth glinigol o hyd.<sup id="cite_ref-US_President's_Commission_-1981_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_President's_Commission_-1981-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fodd bynnag, nid oedd datblygiad CPR bellach yn golygu ei fod yn anghildroadwy.<sup id="cite_ref-US_Department_of_the_Army-1999_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Department_of_the_Army-1999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marwolaeth yr ymennydd oedd yr opsiwn nesaf, ond mae sawl diffiniad ar gyfer hyn. Mae rhai pobl yn credu bod yn rhaid i holl swyddogaethau'r ymennydd ddod i ben. Mae rhai yn credu, hyd yn oed os yw'r asgwrn cefn yn dal yn fyw, mae'r bersonoliaeth a'r hunaniaeth yn cael eu colli'n anadferadwy, felly dylai'r person fod yn gwbl farw.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaner-2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaner-2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ystyrir marwolaeth yn nhermau'r organebau cyfan; y broses debyg a welir mewn cydrannau unigol o organeb, megis celloedd neu feinweoedd, yw necrosis.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gall rhywbeth nad yw'n cael ei ystyried yn organeb, fel <a href="/wiki/Firws" title="Firws">firws</a>, gael ei ddinistrio'n gorfforol ond ni ddywedir ei fod yn marw, gan nad yw firws yn cael ei ystyried yn fyw yn y lle cyntaf.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O ddechrau'r <a href="/wiki/21g" class="mw-redirect" title="21g">21g</a>, mae tua 56 miliwn o bobl yn marw bob blwyddyn ledled y byd. Y rheswm mwyaf cyffredin yw <a href="/wiki/Clefyd_cardiofasgwlar" title="Clefyd cardiofasgwlar">clefyd cardiofasgwlar</a>, sef clefyd sy'n effeithio ar y galon.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae gan lawer o ddiwylliannau a chrefyddau gysyniad o fywyd <a href="/wiki/Bywyd_ar_%C3%B4l_marwolaeth" title="Bywyd ar ôl marwolaeth">ar ôl marwolaeth</a> a gallant hefyd fod â'r syniad o farnu gweithredoedd da a drwg y person byw. Ceir arferion gwahanol hefyd ar gyfer anrhydeddu’r corffmarw, megis <a href="/wiki/Angladd" title="Angladd">angladd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amlosgiad" title="Amlosgiad">amlosgiad</a>, neu gladdedigaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-Newcomb-2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newcomb-2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn y cyfnod Modern, y cyntaf yng ngwledydd Prydain i gael yr hawl i amlosgi oerson (ei fab) oedd y Cymro, <a href="/wiki/William_Price_(meddyg)" title="William Price (meddyg)">William Price</a>. </p><p>Mae astudiaeth a elwir yn biogerontoleg yn ceisio dileu marwolaeth trwy heneiddio naturiol mewn bodau dynol, yn aml trwy gymhwyso prosesau naturiol a geir mewn rhai organebau.<sup id="cite_ref-Stambler-2017_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stambler-2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fodd bynnag, gan nad oes gan fodau dynol y modd i gymhwyso hyn i'w hunain (hyd yma), mae'n rhaid iddynt ddefnyddio ffyrdd eraill i gyrraedd yr hyd oes mwyaf posibl ar gyfer bod dynol, megis lleihau calorïau, mynd ar ddeiet ac <a href="/wiki/Ymarfer_corff" title="Ymarfer corff">ymarfer corff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontana-2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontana-2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erbyn 2022, roedd cyfanswm o 109 biliwn o bobl wedi marw, neu tua 93.8% o'r holl fodau dynol i fyw erioed. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Diagnosis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Diagnosis"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:All_causes_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/All_causes_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/220px-All_causes_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/All_causes_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/330px-All_causes_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/All_causes_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/440px-All_causes_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Amcangyfrifodd <a href="/wiki/Sefydliad_Iechyd_y_Byd" title="Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd">Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd</a> nifer y marwolaethau fesul miliwn o bobl yn 2012 </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Problemau_diffiniad">Problemau diffiniad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Problemau diffiniad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Problemau diffiniad"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae'r cysyniad o farwolaeth yn allweddol i ddealltwriaeth ddynol o'r ffenomen.<sup id="cite_ref-MohammadSamir_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MohammadSamir-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae yna lawer o ddulliau gwyddonol a dehongliadau amrywiol o'r cysyniad. Yn ogystal, mae dyfodiad therapi cynnal bywyd a'r meini prawf niferus ar gyfer diffinio marwolaeth o safbwynt meddygol a chyfreithiol wedi'i gwneud creu un diffiniad unedig yn anodd os nad yn amhosib.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diffinio_bywyd_i_ddiffinio_marwolaeth">Diffinio bywyd i ddiffinio marwolaeth</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Diffinio bywyd i ddiffinio marwolaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Diffinio bywyd i ddiffinio marwolaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fel pwynt mewn amser, mae'n ymddangos bod marwolaeth yn cyfeirio at yr eiliad pan ddaw bywyd i ben. Mae'n anodd penderfynu pryd mae marwolaeth wedi digwydd, gan nad yw rhoi'r gorau i swyddogaethau bywyd yn aml yn digwyd ar un amrantiad, ar draws systemau'r organau. Mae penderfyniad o'r fath, felly, yn gofyn am dynnu ffiniau cysyniadol manwl gywir rhwng bywyd a marwolaeth. Mae hyn yn anodd oherwydd nad oes llawer o gonsensws ar sut i ddiffinio bywyd ei hun. </p><p>Mae'n bosibl diffinio bywyd yn nhermau ymwybyddiaeth. Pan ddaw ymwybyddiaeth i ben, gellir dweud bod organeb wedi marw. Un o'r diffygion yn y dull hwn yw bod yna lawer o organebau sy'n fyw ond mae'n debyg nad ydynt yn ymwybodol.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Problem arall yw diffinio ymwybyddiaeth, sydd â llawer o wahanol ddiffiniadau a roddir gan wyddonwyr, seicolegwyr ac athronwyr modern.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn ogystal, mae llawer o draddodiadau crefyddol, gan gynnwys traddodiadau <a href="/wiki/Crefyddau_Abrahamig" title="Crefyddau Abrahamig">Abrahamig</a> a Dharmig, yn honni nad yw marwolaeth (neu efallai ddim) yn golygu diwedd ymwybyddiaeth. Mewn rhai diwylliannau, mae marwolaeth yn fwy o broses nag un digwyddiad. Mae'n awgrymu symudiad araf o un cyflwr ysbrydol i'r llall. </p><p>Mae diffiniadau eraill ar gyfer marwolaeth yn canolbwyntio ar rhoi'r gorau i weithredu organebol a marwolaeth ddynol, sy'n cyfeirio at golli person yn derfynol. Yn fwy penodol, mae marwolaeth yn digwydd pan fydd endid byw yn profi rhoi'r gorau i bob gweithrediad a hynny'n ddiwrthdro.<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrazia-2017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrazia-2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gan ei fod yn ymwneud â bywyd dynol, mae marwolaeth yn broses ddiwrthdro lle mae rhywun yn colli ei fodolaeth fel person.<sup id="cite_ref-DeGrazia-2017_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeGrazia-2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diffiniad_o_farwolaeth_gan_guriad_y_galon_ac_anadl">Diffiniad o farwolaeth gan guriad y galon ac anadl</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Diffiniad o farwolaeth gan guriad y galon ac anadl" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Diffiniad o farwolaeth gan guriad y galon ac anadl"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yn hanesyddol, mae ymdrechion i ddiffinio union foment marwolaeth dyn wedi bod yn oddrychol heb fanylu. Diffiniwyd marwolaeth fel rhoi'r gorau i <a href="/wiki/Calon" title="Calon">guriad y galon</a> (ataliad y galon) a pheidio <a href="/wiki/Anadlu" title="Anadlu">anadlu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-US_President's_Commission_-1981_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_President's_Commission_-1981-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ond mae datblygiad CPR a <a href="/wiki/Diffibriliad" title="Diffibriliad">diffibrilio</a> prydlon wedi golygu bod y diffiniad hwnnw'n annigonol oherwydd yn aml, gellir ailddechrau anadlu a churiad y galon.<sup id="cite_ref-US_Department_of_the_Army-1999_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Department_of_the_Army-1999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gelwir y math hwn o farwolaeth lle mae ataliad cylchrediad y gwaed ac ataliad anadlol yn digwydd yn "ddiffiniad cylchrediad marwolaeth" (<i>the circulatory definition of death</i>; CDD). Mae cynigwyr y CDD o'r farn bod y diffiniad hwn yn rhesymol oherwydd y dylid ystyried bod person sydd wedi colli swyddogaeth gylchredol ac anadlol yn farw yn barhaol.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernat-2018_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernat-2018-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae beirniaid y diffiniad hwn yn nodi, er y gall rhoi’r gorau i’r swyddogaethau hyn fod yn barhaol, nid yw’n golygu bod y sefyllfa’n anwrthdroadwy oherwydd pe bai CPR yn cael ei gymhwyso’n ddigon cyflym, gallai’r person gael ei adfywio.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernat-2018_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernat-2018-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Felly, mae'r dadleuon o blaid ac yn erbyn y CDD yn dibynnu ar ddiffinio'r geiriau gwirioneddol "parhaol" ac "anghildroadwy," sy'n cymhlethu ymhellach yr her o ddiffinio marwolaeth. Ymhellach, nid yw digwyddiadau a gysylltir <a href="/wiki/Achosiaeth" title="Achosiaeth">yn achosol</a> â marwolaeth yn y gorffennol bellach yn lladd ym mhob amgylchiad; heb galon neu ysgyfaint gweithredol, weithiau gellir cynnal bywyd gyda chyfuniad o ddyfeisiau cynnal bywyd, <a href="/wiki/Trawsblannu_organau" title="Trawsblannu organau">trawsblaniadau organau</a>, a rheolyddion calon artiffisial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd">Marwolaeth yr ymennydd</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Marwolaeth yr ymennydd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Marwolaeth yr ymennydd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heddiw, lle mae angen diffiniad o union foment marwolaeth, mae meddygon a chrwneriaid fel arfer yn troi at "farwolaeth yr ymennydd" neu "farwolaeth fiolegol" i ddiffinio person fel un marw;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mae pobl yn cael eu hystyried yn farw pan ddaw'r gweithgaredd trydanol yn eu hymennydd i ben.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhagdybir bod diwedd gweithgaredd trydanol yn dynodi diwedd <a href="/wiki/Ymwybyddiaeth" title="Ymwybyddiaeth">ymwybyddiaeth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhaid i'r ataliad hwn o ymwybyddiaeth fod yn un barhaol ac nid dros dro, fel sy'n digwydd yn ystod cyfnodau cysgu penodol, ac yn enwedig coma.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn achos cwsg, defnyddir EEGs i ddweud y gwahaniaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fodd bynnag, mae rhai ysgolheigion yn ystyried bod y categori "marwolaeth yr ymennydd" yn broblemus. Er enghraifft, mae Dr. Franklin Miller, uwch aelod cyfadran yn yr Adran Biofoeseg, Sefydliadau Iechyd Cenedlaethol, yn nodi: “Erbyn diwedd y 1990au... roedd hafaliad marwolaeth yr ymennydd â marwolaeth y bod dynol yn cael ei herio fwyfwy gan ysgolheigion, yn seiliedig ar dystiolaeth ynghylch yr amrywiaeth o weithrediad biolegol a ddangoswyd gan gleifion a gafodd ddiagnosis cywir o'r cyflwr hwn a gafodd eu cynnal ar awyru mecanyddol am gyfnodau sylweddol o amser. Roedd y cleifion hyn yn cynnal y gallu i gynnal cylchrediad a resbiradaeth, rheoli tymheredd, ysgarthu gwastraff, gwella clwyfau, ymladd heintiau ac, yn fwyaf dramatig, i feichiogi (yn achos merched “ymennydd-marw”).”<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Er bod "marwolaeth yr ymennydd" yn cael ei ystyried yn broblemus gan rai ysgolheigion, yn sicr mae yna gefnogwyr cryf sy'n credu mai'r diffiniad hwn o farwolaeth yw'r mwyaf rhesymol ar gyfer gwahaniaethu rhwng bywyd a marwolaeth. Y rhesymeg y tu ôl i'r gefnogaeth i'r diffiniad hwn yw bod gan farwolaeth yr ymennydd set o feini prawf sy'n ddibynadwy ac yn atgynhyrchadwy. Hefyd, mae'r ymennydd yn hanfodol wrth bennu ein hunaniaeth neu pwy ydym ni fel bodau dynol. Dylid gwahaniaethu na all "marwolaeth yr ymennydd" fod yn gyfystyr ag un mewn cyflwr llystyfol neu goma, yn yr ystyr bod y sefyllfa flaenorol yn disgrifio cyflwr sydd y tu hwnt i adferiad.<sup id="cite_ref-Magnus-2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magnus-2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gall EEGs ganfod ysgogiadau trydanol ffug, tra gall rhai <a href="/wiki/Cyffur" title="Cyffur">cyffuriau</a>, hypoglycemia, hypocsia, neu <a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">hypothermia</a> atal neu hyd yn oed atal gweithgaredd yr ymennydd dros dro;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oherwydd hyn, mae gan ysbytai brotocolau ar gyfer pennu marwolaethau ymennydd sy'n cynnwys EEGs ar gyfnodau sydd wedi'u gwahanu'n eang.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marwolaeth_ymennydd_neocortical">Marwolaeth ymennydd neocortical</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Marwolaeth ymennydd neocortical" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Marwolaeth ymennydd neocortical"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae pobl sy'n honni mai dim ond neo-cortecs yr ymennydd sy'n angenrheidiol ar gyfer ymwybyddiaeth weithiau'n dadlau mai dim ond gweithgaredd trydanol y dylid ei ystyried wrth ddiffinio marwolaeth. Yn y pen draw, efallai mai’r maen prawf ar gyfer marwolaeth yw colli gweithrediad <a href="/wiki/Gwybyddiaeth" title="Gwybyddiaeth">gwybyddol</a> yn barhaol ac yn ddiwrthdro, fel y dangosir gan farwolaeth y cortecs cerebral. Mae pob gobaith o adfer meddwl a phersonoliaeth ddynol wedi diflannu wedyn, o ystyried y dechnoleg feddygol gyfredol a rhagweladwy.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaner-2011_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaner-2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyd yn oed yn ôl meini prawf ymennydd cyfan, gall pennu marwolaeth yr ymennydd fod yn gymhleth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd_cyfan">Marwolaeth yr ymennydd cyfan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Marwolaeth yr ymennydd cyfan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Marwolaeth yr ymennydd cyfan"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ar hyn o bryd, yn y rhan fwyaf o leoedd, y diffiniad mwy ceidwadol o farwolaeth a fabwysiadwyd yw - <i>'yr ymennydd cyfan yn ddiwrthdro rhoi'r gorau i weithgaredd trydanol, yn hytrach na dim ond yn y cortecs newydd'</i>. Un enghraifft yw'r Ddeddf Pennu Marwolaeth Unffurf yn yr Unol Daleithiau.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn y gorffennol, roedd mabwysiadu'r diffiniad hwn o'r ymennydd cyfan yn gasgliad gan Gomisiwn y Llywydd ar gyfer Astudio Problemau Moesegol mewn Meddygaeth ac Ymchwil Biofeddygol ac Ymddygiadol ym 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daethant i'r casgliad bod y dull hwn o ddiffinio marwolaeth yn ddigon i gyrraedd diffiniad unffurf ledled y wlad. Cyflwynwyd llu o resymau i gefnogi'r diffiniad hwn, gan gynnwys unffurfiaeth safonau yn y gyfraith ar gyfer sefydlu marwolaeth, defnydd o adnoddau cyllidol teulu ar gyfer cynnal bywyd artiffisial, a sefydliad cyfreithiol ar gyfer cyfateb marwolaeth ymennydd â marwolaeth i fwrw ymlaen â rhoi organau.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arwyddion">Arwyddion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Arwyddion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Arwyddion"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dyma dri arwydd fod marwolaethwedi digwydd, neu arwyddion cryf nad yw anifail gwaed cynnes bellach yn fyw: <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arestio_anadlol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arestio anadlol (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ataliad anadlol</a> (dim <a href="/wiki/Anadlu" title="Anadlu">anadlu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataliad_y_galon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ataliad y galon (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ataliad y galon</a> (dim curiad y galon)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth_yr_ymennydd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marwolaeth yr ymennydd (dim tudalen ar gael)">Marwolaeth yr ymennydd</a> (dim gweithgaredd niwronau)</li></ul> <p>Y prif gamau sy'n dilyn ar ôl marwolaeth yw:<sup id="cite_ref-Dolinak-2005_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolinak-2005-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Pallor mortis: lliw gwyn y croen (120 munud wedi marwolaeth)</li> <li>Algor mortis: tymheredd y corff yn costwng. Gostyngiad araf, dros amser</li> <li>Rigor Mortis: cymalau'r corff yn stiff; mae symud y breichiau a'r coesau felly'n anodd</li> <li>Livor mortis: y gwaed yn setlo yn rhan isa'r corff</li> <li>Madredd: arwyddion gweledol fod y corff yn dadelfennu</li> <li>Dadelfennu: dadelfennu pellach, i ffurfiau syml o fater; arogl cryf, cas</li> <li>Ysgerbydu: mae pob meinwe meddal y corff wedi diflannu.</li> <li>Ffosileiddio: digwydd hyn dros gyfnod hir iawn o amser.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyfreithiol">Cyfreithiol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfreithiol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfreithiol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae gan farwolaeth person ganlyniadau cyfreithiol a all amrywio rhwng awdurdodaethau. Mae'r rhan fwyaf o wledydd yn dilyn y meini prawf marwolaeth ymennydd cyfan, lle mae'n rhaid bod holl swyddogaethau'r ymennydd wedi dod i ben yn llwyr. Fodd bynnag, mewn awdurdodaethau eraill, mae rhai yn dilyn fersiwn asgwrn cefn yr ymennydd o farwolaeth yr ymennydd. <sup id="cite_ref-Bernat-2013_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernat-2013-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wedi hynny, cyhoeddir tystysgrif marwolaeth yn y rhan fwyaf o awdurdodaethau, naill ai gan feddyg neu gan swyddfa weinyddol, pan gyflwynir datganiad marwolaeth meddyg. <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achosion">Achosion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Achosion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Achosion"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prif achos marwolaeth ddynol mewn gwledydd sy'n datblygu yw <a href="/wiki/Haint" title="Haint">afiechydon heintus</a>. Y prif achosion mewn gwledydd datblygedig yw <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atherosglerosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atherosglerosis (dim tudalen ar gael)">atherosglerosis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Clefyd_cardiofasgwlar" title="Clefyd cardiofasgwlar">clefyd y galon</a> a <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B4c" title="Strôc">strôc</a>), <a href="/wiki/Canser" title="Canser">canser</a>, a chlefydau eraill sy'n gysylltiedig â <a href="/wiki/Gordewdra" title="Gordewdra">gordewdra</a> a heneiddio. O gryn dipyn, yr achos unedig mwyaf o farwolaethau yn y byd datblygedig yw heneiddio naturiol, biolegol,<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gan arwain at gymhlethdodau amrywiol a elwir yn glefydau sy'n gysylltiedig â heneiddio. Mae'r amodau hyn yn achosi colli <a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">homeostasis</a>, gan arwain at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ataliad_y_galon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ataliad y galon (dim tudalen ar gael)">ataliad y galon</a>, gan achosi colli cyflenwad <a href="/wiki/Ocsigen" title="Ocsigen">ocsigen</a> a maetholion, gan achosi dirywiad anadferadwy yn yr <a href="/wiki/Ymennydd_dynol" title="Ymennydd dynol">ymennydd</a> a <a href="/wiki/Meinwe" title="Meinwe">meinweoedd</a> eraill. O'r tua 150,000 o bobl sy'n marw bob dydd ledled y byd, mae tua dwy ran o dair yn marw o achosion sy'n gysylltiedig ag oedran.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mewn gwledydd diwydiannol, mae'r gyfran yn llawer uwch, ac yn nes at 90%.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dros y degawdau diwethaf, gyda gwell system feddygol, mae marw wedi dod yn gyflwr y gellir ei reoli. </p><p>Mewn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cenhedloedd_sy%27n_datblygu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cenhedloedd sy'n datblygu (dim tudalen ar gael)">gwledydd sy'n datblygu</a>, mae amodau glanweithiol israddol a diffyg mynediad i dechnoleg feddygol, fodern yn gwneud marwolaeth o <a href="/wiki/Haint" title="Haint">glefydau heintus</a> yn fwy cyffredin nag mewn gwledydd datblygedig. Un clefyd o'r fath yw <a href="/wiki/Dici%C3%A2u" title="Diciâu">twbercwlosis</a>, clefyd bacteriol a laddodd 1.8 miliwn o bobl yn 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2004data_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2004data-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> yn achosi tua 400-900 miliwn o achosion o dwymyn a 1-3 miliwn o farwolaethau bob blwyddyn.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae’n bosibl y bydd y nifer sy'n marw o <a href="/wiki/AIDS" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> yn Affrica yn cyrraedd 90–100 miliwn erbyn 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yn ôl Jean Ziegler, Gohebydd Arbennig <a href="/wiki/Y_Cenhedloedd_Unedig" title="Y Cenhedloedd Unedig">y Cenhedloedd Unedig</a> ar yr Hawl i Fwyd, 2000 - Mawrth 2008, roedd marwolaethau oherwydd <a href="/wiki/Diffyg_maeth" title="Diffyg maeth">diffyg maeth</a> yn cyfrif am 58% o gyfanswm y gyfradd marwolaethau yn 2006. Dywed Ziegler y bu farw tua 62 miliwn o bobl ledled y byd o bob achos ac o'r marwolaethau hynny, bu farw mwy na 36 miliwn o newyn neu afiechydon oherwydd diffyg mewn microfaetholion. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Lewis_Hine,_Newsies_smoking_at_Skeeter%27s_Branch,_St._Louis,_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lewis_Hine%2C_Newsies_smoking_at_Skeeter%27s_Branch%2C_St._Louis%2C_1910.jpg/220px-Lewis_Hine%2C_Newsies_smoking_at_Skeeter%27s_Branch%2C_St._Louis%2C_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lewis_Hine%2C_Newsies_smoking_at_Skeeter%27s_Branch%2C_St._Louis%2C_1910.jpg/330px-Lewis_Hine%2C_Newsies_smoking_at_Skeeter%27s_Branch%2C_St._Louis%2C_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lewis_Hine%2C_Newsies_smoking_at_Skeeter%27s_Branch%2C_St._Louis%2C_1910.jpg/440px-Lewis_Hine%2C_Newsies_smoking_at_Skeeter%27s_Branch%2C_St._Louis%2C_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4838" data-file-height="3899" /></a><figcaption> Plant Americanaidd yn ysmygu yn 1910. Amcangyfrifir bod ysmygu tybaco wedi achosi 100 miliwn o farwolaethau yn yr 20fed ganrif.<sup id="cite_ref-who_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yng Nghymru o'r 2010au ymlaen roedd 'ysmygu' amgen (faps) wedi dod yn boblogaidd, ac yn berygl i iechyd.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lladdodd ysmygu <a href="/wiki/Tybaco" title="Tybaco">tybaco</a> 100 miliwn o bobl ledled y byd yn yr <a href="/wiki/20g" class="mw-redirect" title="20g">20g</a> ac amcanir y gall ladd 1 biliwn o bobl ledled y byd yn yr <a href="/wiki/21g" class="mw-redirect" title="21g">21g</a>, yn ôl adroddiad gan <a href="/wiki/Sefydliad_Iechyd_y_Byd" title="Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd">Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-who_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yn 2012, goddiweddodd <a href="/wiki/Hunanladdiad" title="Hunanladdiad">hunanladdiad</a> damweiniau ceir fel prif achos marwolaethau anafiadau dynol yn yr Unol Daleithiau, ac yna gwenwyno, cwympo a llofruddiaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae <a href="/wiki/Trychineb_naturiol" title="Trychineb naturiol">trychinebau naturiol</a> yn lladd tua 45,000 o bobl yn flynyddol, er y gall y nifer hwn amrywio o filiynau i filoedd fesul degawd. Rhai o'r trychinebau naturiol mwyaf marwol yw Llifogydd Tsieina 1931, a laddodd tua 4 miliwn o bobl,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Llifogydd Afon Melyn 1887, a laddodd amcangyfrif o 2 filiwn o bobl yn <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Pobl_Tsieina" title="Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina">Tsieina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a'r Seiclon Bhola yn 1970 a laddodd 500,000 o bobl ym <a href="/wiki/Pacistan" title="Pacistan">Mhacistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awtopsi">Awtopsi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Awtopsi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Awtopsi"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Rembrandt_-_The_Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr_Nicolaes_Tulp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painting of an autopsy, by Rembrandt, entitled "The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rembrandt_-_The_Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr_Nicolaes_Tulp.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_-_The_Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr_Nicolaes_Tulp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rembrandt_-_The_Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr_Nicolaes_Tulp.jpg/330px-Rembrandt_-_The_Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr_Nicolaes_Tulp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rembrandt_-_The_Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr_Nicolaes_Tulp.jpg/440px-Rembrandt_-_The_Anatomy_Lesson_of_Dr_Nicolaes_Tulp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4520" /></a><figcaption> Portreadir awtopsi yn <i>The Anatomy Lesson of Dr . Nicolaes Tulp</i>, gan <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt .</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mae <a href="/wiki/Awtopsi" title="Awtopsi">awtopsi</a>, a elwir hefyd yn <i>archwiliad post mortem</i> yn weithdrefn feddygol sy'n cynnwys archwiliad trylwyr o gorff dynol i bennu achos a dull marwolaeth person ac i werthuso olion unrhyw <a href="/wiki/Clefyd" title="Clefyd">afiechyd</a> neu anaf a all fod yn bresennol yn y corff marw. Fe'i perfformir fel arfer gan <a href="/wiki/Meddyg" title="Meddyg">feddyg meddygol</a> arbenigol o'r enw <a href="/wiki/Patholeg" title="Patholeg">patholegydd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johns_Hopkins_Medical-2019_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johns_Hopkins_Medical-2019-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae awtopsïau'n cael eu perfformio naill ai at ddibenion cyfreithiol neu feddygol.<sup id="cite_ref-Johns_Hopkins_Medical-2019_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johns_Hopkins_Medical-2019-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cynhelir awtopsi fforensig pan allai achos y farwolaeth fod yn fater troseddol, tra bod awtopsi clinigol neu academaidd yn cael ei berfformio i ddod o hyd i achos meddygol y farwolaeth. Caiff ei ddefnyddio mewn achosion o farwolaeth anhysbys neu ansicr, neu at ddibenion ymchwil.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gellir dosbarthu awtopsïau ymhellach yn: achosion lle mae archwiliadau allanol yn ddigonol, a'r rhai lle mae'r corff yn cael ei agor ac achos mewnol yn cael ei gynnal.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efallai y bydd angen caniatâd gan y perthynas agosaf ar gyfer awtopsi mewnol mewn rhai achosion.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unwaith y bydd awtopsi mewnol wedi'i gwblhau, caiff y corff ei ailosod trwy ei wnio yn ôl at ei gilydd.<sup id="cite_ref-Dolinak-2005_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolinak-2005-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marwolaeth_cyn_geni">Marwolaeth cyn geni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Marwolaeth cyn geni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Marwolaeth cyn geni"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gall marwolaeth cyn yr enedigaeth ddigwydd mewn sawl ffordd: marw geni (<i>stillbirth</i>), pan fydd y ffetws yn marw cyn neu yn ystod y broses esgor; <a href="/wiki/Camesgoriad" title="Camesgoriad">camesgoriad</a>, pan fydd yr embryo'n marw cyn goroesi'n annibynnol; ac <a href="/wiki/Erthyliad" title="Erthyliad">erthyliad</a>, terfynu artiffisial y beichiogrwydd. Gall marw geni a chamesgor ddigwydd am wahanol resymau, tra bod erthyliad yn cael ei wneud yn bwrpasol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryoneg">Cryoneg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Cryoneg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Cryoneg"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Cryo_surgery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Cryo_surgery.jpg/220px-Cryo_surgery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Cryo_surgery.jpg/330px-Cryo_surgery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Cryo_surgery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption> Technegwyr yn paratoi corff ar gyfer cadwraeth cryo yn 1985.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cryoneg (o'r Groeg κρύος 'kryos-' sy'n golygu 'oerfel rhewllyd') yw cadwraeth corff ar dymheredd isel - aoed nifeaildneu fod ynol na ellir eu cynnal gan feddyginiaeth gyfoes, gyda'r gobaith y bydd iachâd ac <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/resuscitate" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:resuscitate">adfywio</a> yn bosibl yn y dyfodol. <sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alcor_What_is_Cryonics_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alcor_What_is_Cryonics-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nid yw'r dechnoleg gyfredol yn gallu gwrthdroi ataliad cryo pobl neu anifeiliaid mawr. Hynny yw, gellir rhewi'r corff marw, ond ni ellir ei atgyfodi. Y rhesymeg a nodir ar gyfer cryonics yw ei bod yn bosibl na fydd pobl sy'n cael eu hystyried yn farw yn ôl diffiniadau cyfreithiol neu feddygol cyfredol o reidrwydd yn farw yn ôl y diffiniad mwy llym o wybodaeth-ddamcaniaethol o farwolaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-InfoDeath_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoDeath-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whetstine_L_et_al._2005_538–542_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whetstine_L_et_al._2005_538–542-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Honnir bod rhywfaint o lenyddiaeth wyddonol yn cefnogi dichonoldeb cryoneg<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18321197_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18321197-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ond yn gyffredinol, mae gwyddoniaeth feddygol a chryobiolegwyr yn ystyried cryonics yn amheus.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cymdeithas_a_diwylliant">Cymdeithas a diwylliant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Golygu'r adran: Cymdeithas a diwylliant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Cymdeithas a diwylliant"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mewn cymdeithas, mae natur marwolaeth ac ymwybyddiaeth y ddynoliaeth o'i marwoldeb wedi bod, ers miloedd o flynyddoedd, yn destun pryder i <a href="/wiki/Crefydd" title="Crefydd">draddodiadau crefyddol</a> ac <a href="/wiki/Athroniaeth" title="Athroniaeth">ymholi athronyddol</a> bydeang. Gall hyn gynnwys credu yn yr atgyfodiad neu <a href="/wiki/Bywyd_ar_%C3%B4l_marwolaeth" title="Bywyd ar ôl marwolaeth">fywyd ar ôl marwolaeth</a> (sy'n gysylltiedig â <a href="/wiki/Crefyddau_Abrahamig" title="Crefyddau Abrahamig">chrefyddau Abrahamaidd</a>), ailymgnawdoliad neu ailenedigaeth (sy'n gysylltiedig â chrefyddau Dharmig), neu fod ymwybyddiaeth yn peidio â bodoli'n barhaol, a elwir yn ebargofiant tragwyddol (yn gysylltiedig â dyneiddiaeth Seciwlar).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gall seremonïau coffáu ar ôl marwolaeth gynnwys gwahanol arferion galaru, <a href="/wiki/Angladd" title="Angladd">angladdau</a>, a seremonïau anrhydeddu’r person marw.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae gweddillion corfforol person, a elwir yn gyffredin yn <i>gorff</i> neu <i>gelain</i>, fel arfer yn cael eu claddu'n gyfan neu'n <a href="/wiki/Amlosgiad" title="Amlosgiad">cael eu hamlosgi</a>, er ymhlith diwylliannau'r byd, mae amrywiaeth o ddulliau eraill o waredu'r corff.<sup id="cite_ref-Newcomb-2019_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newcomb-2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crefydd">Crefydd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Golygu'r adran: Crefydd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Crefydd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yr_Eglwys_Geltaidd">Yr Eglwys Geltaidd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Golygu'r adran: Yr Eglwys Geltaidd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Yr Eglwys Geltaidd"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Pentref_Gwaenysgor,_Sir_y_Fflint_-_village_within_Bryniau_Clwyd_AONB,_Cymru,_Wales_28.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pentref_Gwaenysgor%2C_Sir_y_Fflint_-_village_within_Bryniau_Clwyd_AONB%2C_Cymru%2C_Wales_28.png/220px-Pentref_Gwaenysgor%2C_Sir_y_Fflint_-_village_within_Bryniau_Clwyd_AONB%2C_Cymru%2C_Wales_28.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pentref_Gwaenysgor%2C_Sir_y_Fflint_-_village_within_Bryniau_Clwyd_AONB%2C_Cymru%2C_Wales_28.png/330px-Pentref_Gwaenysgor%2C_Sir_y_Fflint_-_village_within_Bryniau_Clwyd_AONB%2C_Cymru%2C_Wales_28.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pentref_Gwaenysgor%2C_Sir_y_Fflint_-_village_within_Bryniau_Clwyd_AONB%2C_Cymru%2C_Wales_28.png/440px-Pentref_Gwaenysgor%2C_Sir_y_Fflint_-_village_within_Bryniau_Clwyd_AONB%2C_Cymru%2C_Wales_28.png 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Pentref Gwaenysgor, Sir y Fflint, gyda'r eglwys yn y canol. Mae'r fynwent ar siap cylch, sy'n arwydd ei bod yn hen lan neu eglwys Geltaidd hynafol.</figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-bottom:0.01em; padding: 0.01px; text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"> <dl><dd><span class="boilerplate seealso"><i>Prif: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defodau%27r_Celtiaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defodau'r Celtiaid (dim tudalen ar gael)">Defodau'r Celtiaid</a></i></span></dd></dl></div><p>Pan oedd llawer iawn o Ewrop yn cael ei reoli gan y Celtiaid rhwng 700 CC a 400 ÔC, roedd ganddynt lawer iawn o ddefodau ar ddiwedd oes eu harweinwyr; defodau cyfoethog a blaenllaw a cheir llawer o dystiolaeth eu bod yn credu mewn byd arall (Afallon, efallai) ee tomenni claddu Hochdorf a Vix gyda bob math o gyfarpar megis cerbydau rhyfel wedi'u claddu gyda'r corff er mwyn ei gludo i'r byd arall.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceir oddeutu 400 carnedd gron ar lyfrau <a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a> yng Nghymru, heb sôn am y llu o fathau eraill o siambrau claddu; ymhlith y mwyaf trawiadol y mae: <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Cader_Faner" title="Bryn Cader Faner">Bryn Cader Faner</a>. Ceir carneddi o bob lliw a llun drwy ganol a Gorllewin Ewrop. Mae <a href="/wiki/Llyn_Cerrig_Bach" title="Llyn Cerrig Bach">Llyn Cerrig Bach</a> yn adnabyddus oherwydd i nifer fawr o eitemau o <a href="/wiki/Oes_yr_Haearn_yng_Nghymru" title="Oes yr Haearn yng Nghymru">Oes yr Haearn</a> gael eu darganfod yno yn 1942; i bob golwg wedi eu rhoi yn y llyn fel offrymau. Ystyrir y rhain ymysg y casgliadau pwysicaf o gelfi <a href="/wiki/Diwylliant_La_T%C3%A8ne" title="Diwylliant La Tène">La Tène</a> yn Ynysoedd Prydain. Mae'n ddigon posib fod cysylltiad yma a marwolaeth arweinydd reit bwysig. </p><p>Mae'r gwaith basged (patrymau Celtaidd ar ffurf rhaff yn nadreddu) ar gerrig ac yna ar femrynau'n aml yn ddiddiwedd (parhad bywyd) ac yn cynnwys symbolau o anifeiliaid. Cred llawer o haneswyr fod y Celtiaid yn credu mewn ailymgnawdoli. Ceir elfennau o hyn hefyd yn chwedl Taliesin ac yn <a href="/wiki/Mabinogi" title="Mabinogi">y Mabinogi</a> ee <a href="/wiki/Blodeuwedd" title="Blodeuwedd">Blodeuwedd</a> yn troi'n dylluan. </p><p>Mae awduron Rhufeinig yn cysylltu'r Celtiaid a'r <a href="/wiki/Derwydd" title="Derwydd">Derwyddon</a> ac yn cyfeirio at seremonïau crefyddol mewn llwyni coed sanctaidd. Ceir cyfeiriad at hyn yn hanes <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> am ymosodiad y Rhufeiniad dan <a href="/wiki/Suetonius_Paulinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Suetonius Paulinus">Suetonius Paulinus</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Ynys_M%C3%B4n" title="Ynys Môn">Ynys Môn</a> yn <a href="/wiki/60" title="60">60</a> OC.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bwdhaeth">Bwdhaeth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Golygu'r adran: Bwdhaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Bwdhaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mewn athrawiaeth ac ymarfer Bwdhaidd, fel gyda'r crefydd Geltiaidd, mae marwolaeth yn chwarae rhan bwysig. Roedd ymwybyddiaeth o farwolaeth wedi ysgogi'r <a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Tywysog Siddhartha</a> i ymdrechu i ddod o hyd i'r "di-farwolaeth" ac ennill goleuedigaeth. Mewn athrawiaeth Fwdhaidd, mae marwolaeth yn atgof o werth y ffaith i'r person gael ei eni'n fod dynol. Ystyrir mai aileni fel bod dynol yw'r unig gyflwr y gall rhywun ennill goleuedigaeth. Felly, mae marwolaeth yn helpu i atgoffa'ch hun na ddylai rhywun gymryd bywyd yn ganiataol. Nid yw cred Bwdhyddion mewn ailenedigaeth o reidrwydd yn eu hatal rhag ofni <a href="/wiki/Dirfodaeth" title="Dirfodaeth">marwolaeth</a> gan fod pob bodolaeth yn y cylch aileni'n cael ei ystyried yn llawn dioddefaint, ac nid yw cael eich aileni lawer gwaith o reidrwydd yn golygu bod rhywun yn symud ymlaen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cristionogaeth">Cristionogaeth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Golygu'r adran: Cristionogaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Cristionogaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er bod yna wahanol sectau o Gristnogaeth gyda gwahanol ganghennau o gred, mae'r ideoleg gyffredinol ar farwolaeth yn tyfu o'r wybodaeth am fywyd ar ôl marwolaeth. Ar ôl marwolaeth, bydd yr unigolyn yn cael ei wahanu oddi wrth farwoldeb i anfarwoldeb; mae'r enaid yn gadael y corff ac yn mynd i mewn i deyrnas o ysbrydion. Yn dilyn y gwahaniad hwn rhwng corff ac ysbryd (marwolaeth), bydd atgyfodiad yn digwydd.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gan gynrychioli'r un trawsnewidiad a ymgorfforodd <a href="/wiki/Iesu" title="Iesu">Iesu Grist</a> ar ôl i'w gorff gael ei roi yn y bedd am dri diwrnod, bydd corff pob person atgyfodi, gan aduno'r ysbryd a'r corff mewn ffurf berffaith. Mae'r broses hon yn caniatáu i enaid yr unigolyn wrthsefyll marwolaeth a thrawsnewid i fywyd ar ôl marwolaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pan fo'r person wedi byw yn dda, cred y Cristion yr aiff i'r Nefoedd, os nad, yna fe aiff i'w losgi i Uffern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindwaeth">Hindwaeth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Golygu'r adran: Hindwaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Hindwaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Reincarnation_AS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Reincarnation_AS.jpg/220px-Reincarnation_AS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Reincarnation_AS.jpg/330px-Reincarnation_AS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Reincarnation_AS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption> Darlun yn darlunio credoau Hindŵaidd am ailymgnawdoliad</figcaption></figure> <p>Mewn testunau Hindŵaidd, disgrifir marwolaeth fel yr <i>jiva-atma</i> ysbrydol tragwyddol unigol (enaid neu ymwybyddiaeth o'r hunan) yn gadael y corff materol dros dro, presennol. Mae'r enaid yn gadael y corff hwn pan na all y corff bellach gynnal ymwybyddiaeth o'r hunan (bywyd), a all fod oherwydd rhesymau meddyliol neu gorfforol neu, yn fwy cywir, yr anallu i weithredu ar <i>kama</i> (yr awch materol).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn ystod cenhedlu, mae'r enaid yn mynd i mewn i gorff newydd, cydnaws yn seiliedig ar rinweddau a diffygion sy'n weddill o <i><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a></i> (gweithgareddau materol da / drwg yn seiliedig ar <i>dharma</i>) a chyflwr meddwl rhywun ar adeg marwolaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fel arfer, mae'r broses o ailymgnawdoliad yn gwneud i rywun anghofio pob atgof o fywyd blaenorol rhywun. Gan nad oes dim yn marw mewn gwirionedd a bod y corff materol dros dro bob amser yn newid, yn y bywyd hwn a'r bywyd nesaf, mae marwolaeth yn golygu anghofrwydd o'ch profiadau blaenorol.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Golygu'r adran: Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Islam"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Y farn Islamaidd o farwolaeth yw: gwahanu'r enaid oddi wrth y corff a dechrau'r bywyd ar ôl marwolaeth.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mae bywyd ar ôl marwolaeth, neu <i>akhirah,</i> yn un o chwe phrif gred Islam. Yn hytrach na gweld marwolaeth fel diwedd oes, mae Mwslemiaid yn ystyried marwolaeth fel parhad o fywyd mewn ffurf arall.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yn Islam, mae bywyd ar y ddaear ar hyn o bryd yn fywyd byr, dros dro ac yn gyfnod anodd i bob enaid. Mae bywyd go iawn yn dechrau gyda Dydd y Farn pan fydd pawb yn cael eu rhannu'n ddau grŵp. Bydd y credinwyr cyfiawn yn cael eu croesawu i <i>janna</i> (nef), a bydd yr anghredinwyr a'r drwgweithredwyr yn cael eu cosbi yn <i>jahannam</i> (tân uffern).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mae Mwslimiaid yn credu bod marwolaeth yn gwbl naturiol ac wedi'i phennu ymlaen llaw gan Dduw drwy ragluniaeth. Dim ond Duw sy'n gwybod union amser marwolaeth person.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Y_Cor%C3%A2n" title="Y Corân">Mae'r Quran</a> yn pwysleisio bod marwolaeth yn anochel ac yn cyrraedd pawb. (C50:16) Bywyd ar y ddaear yw’r unig gyfle i bobl baratoi eu hunain ar gyfer y bywyd sydd i ddod a dewis naill ai credu neu beidio â chredu yn Nuw, a marwolaeth yw diwedd y cyfle dysgu hwnnw.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iddewiaeth">Iddewiaeth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Golygu'r adran: Iddewiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Iddewiaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mae amrywiaeth o gredoau am fywyd ar ôl marwolaeth o fewn Iddewiaeth, ond nid oes yr un ohonynt yn gwrth-ddweud y ffafriaeth am fywyd yn hytrach na marwolaeth. Mae hyn yn rhannol oherwydd bod marwolaeth yn rhoi terfyn ar y posibilrwydd o gyflawni unrhyw orchmynion.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llyfryddiaeth">Llyfryddiaeth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Golygu'r adran: Llyfryddiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Llyfryddiaeth"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="margin-left:1.5em;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBondeson2001" class="citation book">Bondeson, Jan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buriedalive00janb"><i>Buried Alive: the Terrifying History of our Most Primal Fear</i></a>. W.W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0393049060" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0393049060"><bdi>978-0393049060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buried+Alive%3A+the+Terrifying+History+of+our+Most+Primal+Fear&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0393049060&rft.aulast=Bondeson&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fburiedalive00janb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMullin1998" class="citation book">Mullin, Glenn H. (2008). <i>Living in the Face of Death: The Tibetan Tradition</i>. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1559393102" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1559393102"><bdi>978-1559393102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+in+the+Face+of+Death%3A+The+Tibetan+Tradition&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Snow+Lion+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1559393102&rft.aulast=Mullin&rft.aufirst=Glenn+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|orig-date=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darllen_pellach">Darllen pellach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Golygu'r adran: Darllen pellach" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Darllen pellach"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCochem1899" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_of_Cochem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin of Cochem (dim tudalen ar gael)">Cochem, Martin of</a> (1899). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The four last things/Part 1"><a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikisource.org/wiki/The_four_last_things/Part_1">"On Death" </a></span>. <i>The four last things: death, judgment, hell, heaven</i>. Benziger Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+Death&rft.btitle=The+four+last+things%3A+death%2C+judgment%2C+hell%2C+heaven&rft.pub=Benziger+Brothers&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Cochem&rft.aufirst=Martin+of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDaughters_of_Charity_of_St._Vincent_de_Paul.1856" class="citation book">Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. (1856). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:St. Vincent's Manual/Considerations on Death"><a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikisource.org/wiki/St._Vincent%27s_Manual/Considerations_on_Death">"Considerations on Death" </a></span>. <i>St. Vincent's Manual</i>. John Murphy & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Considerations+on+Death&rft.btitle=St.+Vincent%27s+Manual&rft.pub=John+Murphy+%26+Co.&rft.date=1856&rft.au=Daughters+of+Charity+of+St.+Vincent+de+Paul.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLiguori,_Alphonsus1868" class="citation book">Liguori, Alphonsus (1868). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Preparation for Death"><a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikisource.org/wiki/Preparation_for_Death"><i>Preparation for Death</i> </a></span>. Rivingtons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preparation+for+Death&rft.pub=Rivingtons&rft.date=1868&rft.au=Liguori%2C+Alphonsus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMarques2015" class="citation book">Marques, Susana Moreira (2015). <i>Now and At the Hour of Our Death</i> (yn Saesneg). And Other Stories. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1908276629" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1908276629"><bdi>978-1908276629</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Now+and+At+the+Hour+of+Our+Death&rft.pub=And+Other+Stories&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1908276629&rft.aulast=Marques&rft.aufirst=Susana+Moreira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMassillon1879" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Massillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Massillon (dim tudalen ar gael)">Massillon, Jean-Baptiste</a> (1879). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Sermons (Massillon)/Sermon 9"><a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikisource.org/wiki/Sermons_(Massillon)/Sermon_9">"On Death" </a></span>. <i>Sermons by John-Baptist Massillon</i>. Thomas Tegg & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+Death&rft.btitle=Sermons+by+John-Baptist+Massillon&rft.pub=Thomas+Tegg+%26+Sons&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Massillon&rft.aufirst=Jean-Baptiste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2014" class="citation news">Rosenberg, David (17 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2014/08/17/walter_schels_life_before_death_includes_portraits_of_people_before_and.html">"How One Photographer Overcame His Fear of Death by Photographing It (Walter Schels' <i>Life Before Death</i>)"</a>. <i>Slate</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=How+One+Photographer+Overcame+His+Fear+of+Death+by+Photographing+It+%28Walter+Schels%27+Life+Before+Death%29&rft.date=2014-08-17&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fblogs%2Fbehold%2F2014%2F08%2F17%2Fwalter_schels_life_before_death_includes_portraits_of_people_before_and.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSachs,_Jessica_Snyder2001" class="citation book">Sachs, Jessica Snyder (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/corpsenaturefore00sach"><i>Corpse: Nature, Forensics, and the Struggle to Pinpoint Time of Death</i></a> (270 pages). Perseus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0738203362" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0738203362"><bdi>978-0738203362</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpse%3A+Nature%2C+Forensics%2C+and+the+Struggle+to+Pinpoint+Time+of+Death&rft.pub=Perseus+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0738203362&rft.au=Sachs%2C+Jessica+Snyder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcorpsenaturefore00sach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWarraich2017" class="citation book">Warraich, Haider (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moderndeathhowme0000warr"><i>Modern Death: How Medicine Changed the End of Life</i></a>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1250104588" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1250104588"><bdi>978-1250104588</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Death%3A+How+Medicine+Changed+the+End+of+Life&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1250104588&rft.aulast=Warraich&rft.aufirst=Haider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoderndeathhowme0000warr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHayman2016" class="citation book">Hayman, Jarvis (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/945734521"><i>Human body decomposition</i></a>. Marc Oxenham, Australian National University. School of Archaeology and Anthropology. Amsterdam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0128037133" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0128037133"><bdi>978-0128037133</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/945734521">945734521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+body+decomposition&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F945734521&rft.isbn=978-0128037133&rft.aulast=Hayman&rft.aufirst=Jarvis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F945734521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Masamoto, Yui; Piraino, Stefano; Miglietta, Maria Pia (1 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6893190">"Transcriptome Characterization of Reverse Development in Turritopsis dohrnii (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)"</a>. <i>G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics</i> <b>9</b> (12): 4127–4138. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1534%2Fg3.119.400487">10.1534/g3.119.400487</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6893190/?tool=pmcentrez">6893190</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31619459">31619459</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6893190">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6893190</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFDeGrazia2021">DeGrazia, David (2021), Zalta, Edward N., ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/death-definition/">"The Definition of Death"</a>, <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University)<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/death-definition/">https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/death-definition/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, adalwyd 2022-07-23</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Parent, Brendan; Turi, Angela (2020-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/deaths-troubled-relationship-law/2020-12">"Death's Troubled Relationship With the Law"</a>. <i>AMA Journal of Ethics</i> <b>22</b> (12): 1055–1061. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Famajethics.2020.1055">10.1001/amajethics.2020.1055</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2376-6980">2376-6980</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33419507">33419507</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/deaths-troubled-relationship-law/2020-12">https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/deaths-troubled-relationship-law/2020-12</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd 23 July 2022</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_President's_Commission_-1981-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-US_President's_Commission_-1981_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-US_President's_Commission_-1981_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._President's_Commission_for_the_Study_of_Ethical_Problems_in_Medicine_and_Biomedical_and_Behavioral_Research1981" class="citation book">United States. President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fd3sFRTejuIC"><i>Defining Death: A Report on the Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death · Part 34</i></a>. The Commission. t. 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defining+Death%3A+A+Report+on+the+Medical%2C+Legal+and+Ethical+Issues+in+the+Determination+of+Death+%C2%B7+Part+34&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=The+Commission&rft.date=1981&rft.au=United+States.+President%27s+Commission+for+the+Study+of+Ethical+Problems+in+Medicine+and+Biomedical+and+Behavioral+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfd3sFRTejuIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_Department_of_the_Army-1999-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-US_Department_of_the_Army-1999_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-US_Department_of_the_Army-1999_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_the_Army1999" class="citation book">United States Department of the Army (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YLdfpIvnkZQC&q=CPR"><i>Leadership Education and Training (LET 1)</i></a>. United States Department of the Army. t. 188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leadership+Education+and+Training+%28LET+1%29&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+the+Army&rft.date=1999&rft.au=United+States+Department+of+the+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYLdfpIvnkZQC%26q%3DCPR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zaner-2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zaner-2011_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zaner-2011_7-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZaner2011" class="citation book">Zaner, Richard M. (2011). <i>Death: Beyond Whole-Brain Criteria</i> (arg. 1st). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer Publishing Company (dim tudalen ar gael)">Springer</a>. tt. 77, 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-9401077200" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-9401077200"><bdi>978-9401077200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death%3A+Beyond+Whole-Brain+Criteria&rft.pages=77%2C+125&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9401077200&rft.aulast=Zaner&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Proskuryakov, Sergey Y.; Konoplyannikov, Anatoli G; Gabai, Vladimir L (1 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014482702000277">"Necrosis: a specific form of programmed cell death?"</a>. <i>Experimental Cell Research</i> <b>283</b> (1): 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-4827%2802%2900027-7">10.1016/S0014-4827(02)00027-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12565815">12565815</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014482702000277">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014482702000277</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLouten2016" class="citation book">Louten, Jennifer (2016). <i>Essential Human Virology</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier Science (dim tudalen ar gael)">Elsevier Science</a>. t. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0128011713" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0128011713"><bdi>978-0128011713</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Human+Virology&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0128011713&rft.aulast=Louten&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Richtie, Hannah; Spooner, Fiona; Roser, Max (February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/causes-of-death#:~:text=Cardiovascular%20diseases%20are%20the%20leading,second%20biggest%20cause%20are%20cancers.">"Causes of death"</a>. <i>Our World in Data</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ourworldindata.org/causes-of-death#:~:text=Cardiovascular%20diseases%20are%20the%20leading,second%20biggest%20cause%20are%20cancers">https://ourworldindata.org/causes-of-death#:~:text=Cardiovascular%20diseases%20are%20the%20leading,second%20biggest%20cause%20are%20cancers</a>.</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd February 14, 2023</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newcomb-2019-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Newcomb-2019_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Newcomb-2019_11-1">11.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNewcomb2019" class="citation web">Newcomb, Tim (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/list/7-unique-burial-rituals-across-the-world">"7 Unique Burial Rituals Across the World"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Brittanica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Brittanica&rft.atitle=7+Unique+Burial+Rituals+Across+the+World&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Newcomb&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Flist%2F7-unique-burial-rituals-across-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stambler-2017-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stambler-2017_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Stambler, Ilia (October 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5614323">"Recognizing Degenerative Aging as a Treatable Medical Condition: Methodology and Policy"</a>. <i>Aging and Disease</i> <b>8</b> (5): 583–589. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.14336%2FAD.2017.0130">10.14336/AD.2017.0130</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5614323/?tool=pmcentrez">5614323</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28966803">28966803</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5614323">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5614323</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontana-2010-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fontana-2010_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Fontana, Luigi; Partridge, Linda; Longo, Valter L. (April 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3607354">"Extending Healthy Life Span—From Yeast to Humans"</a>. <i>Science</i> <b>328</b> (5976): 321–326. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Sci...328..321F">2010Sci...328..321F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1172539">10.1126/science.1172539</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607354/?tool=pmcentrez">3607354</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20395504">20395504</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3607354">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3607354</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MohammadSamir-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MohammadSamir_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Samir Hossain Mohammad; Gilbert Peter (2010). "Concepts of Death: A key to our adjustment". <i>Illness, Crisis and Loss</i> <b>18</b> (1).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVeatchRoss2016" class="citation book">Veatch, Robert M.; Ross, Lainie F. (2016). <i>Defining Death: The Case for Choice</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgetown_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgetown University Press (dim tudalen ar gael)">Georgetown University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1626163560" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1626163560"><bdi>978-1626163560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defining+Death%3A+The+Case+for+Choice&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1626163560&rft.aulast=Veatch&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft.au=Ross%2C+Lainie+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAnimal_Ethics2023" class="citation web">Animal Ethics (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animal-ethics.org/beings-conscious/#:~:text=Non%2Dsentient%20animals%20would%20then,and%20even%20engage%20in%20locomotion.">"What beings are not conscious"</a>. <i>Animal Ethics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animal+Ethics&rft.atitle=What+beings+are+not+conscious&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Animal+Ethics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animal-ethics.org%2Fbeings-conscious%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNon%252Dsentient%2520animals%2520would%2520then%2Cand%2520even%2520engage%2520in%2520locomotion.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Antony, Micheal V. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/ANTICA#:~:text=It%20is%20widely%20assumed%20that,consciousness%2C%20to%20name%20a%20few.">"Is 'consciousness' ambiguous?"</a>. <i>Journal of Consciousness Studies</i> <b>8</b> (2): 19–44<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/ANTICA#:~:text=It%20is%20widely%20assumed%20that,consciousness%2C%20to%20name%20a%20few">https://philpapers.org/rec/ANTICA#:~:text=It%20is%20widely%20assumed%20that,consciousness%2C%20to%20name%20a%20few</a>.</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeGrazia-2017-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DeGrazia-2017_18-0">18.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DeGrazia-2017_18-1">18.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFDeGrazia2017">DeGrazia, David (2017), Zalta, Edward N., ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/death-definition/">"The Definition of Death"</a>, <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University)<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/death-definition/">https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/death-definition/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, adalwyd 2019-02-19</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernat-2018-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bernat-2018_19-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bernat-2018_19-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Bernat, James L. (2018). "Conceptual Issues in DCDD Donor Death Determination". <i>Hastings Center Report</i> <b>48</b> (S4): S26–S28. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fhast.948">10.1002/hast.948</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1552-146X">1552-146X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30584853">30584853</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBelkin2014" class="citation book">Belkin, Gary Stuart (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deathbeforedying0000belk"><i>Death Before Dying: History, Medicine, and Brain Death</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deathbeforedying0000belk/page/220">220</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0199898176" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0199898176"><bdi>978-0199898176</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+Before+Dying%3A+History%2C+Medicine%2C+and+Brain+Death.&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0199898176&rft.aulast=Belkin&rft.aufirst=Gary+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeathbeforedying0000belk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_State_Department_of_Health2011" class="citation web">New York State Department of Health (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/hospital_administrator/letters/2011/brain_death_guidelines.htm">"Guidelines for Determining Brain Death"</a>. <i>New York State</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+State&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+Determining+Brain+Death&rft.date=2011&rft.au=New+York+State+Department+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.ny.gov%2Fprofessionals%2Fhospital_administrator%2Fletters%2F2011%2Fbrain_death_guidelines.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Health_Service_of_the_UK2022" class="citation web">National Health Service of the UK (September 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/brain-death/#:~:text=Brain%20death%20(also%20known%20as,is%20legally%20confirmed%20as%20dead.">"Overview: Brain death"</a>. <i>National Health Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Health+Service&rft.atitle=Overview%3A+Brain+death&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft.au=National+Health+Service+of+the+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhs.uk%2Fconditions%2Fbrain-death%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBrain%2520death%2520%28also%2520known%2520as%2Cis%2520legally%2520confirmed%2520as%2520dead.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNitkin2017" class="citation web">Nitkin, Karen (September 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/articles/the-challenges-of-defining-and-diagnosing-brain-death#:~:text=Brain%20death%3A%20Irreversible%20cessation%20of,severe%20illness%20or%20brain%20injury.">"The Challenges of Defining and Diagnosing Brain Death"</a>. <i>Johns Hopkins Medicine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Challenges+of+Defining+and+Diagnosing+Brain+Death&rft.date=2017-09-11&rft.aulast=Nitkin&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopkinsmedicine.org%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fthe-challenges-of-defining-and-diagnosing-brain-death%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBrain%2520death%253A%2520Irreversible%2520cessation%2520of%2Csevere%2520illness%2520or%2520brain%2520injury.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCherneckyBerger2013" class="citation book">Chernecky, Cynthia C.; Berger, Barbara J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/laboratorytestsd0000unse_j0w2"><i>Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures</i></a> (arg. 6th). Saunders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1455706945" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1455706945"><bdi>978-1455706945</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laboratory+Tests+and+Diagnostic+Procedures&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1455706945&rft.aulast=Chernecky&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+C.&rft.au=Berger%2C+Barbara+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flaboratorytestsd0000unse_j0w2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Miller, F.G. (October 2009). "Death and organ donation: back to the future". <i>Journal of Medical Ethics</i> <b>35</b> (10): 616–620. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fjme.2009.030627">10.1136/jme.2009.030627</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19793942">19793942</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magnus-2014-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Magnus-2014_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Magnus, David C.; Wilfond, Benjamin S.; Caplan, Arthur L. (2014-03-06). "Accepting Brain Death". <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i> <b>370</b> (10): 891–894. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMp1400930">10.1056/NEJMp1400930</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-4793">0028-4793</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24499177">24499177</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Nicol, A. U.; Morton, A. J. (June 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7289807">"Characteristic patterns of EEG oscillations in sheep (Ovis aries) induced by ketamine may explain the psychotropic effects seen in humans."</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i> <b>10</b> (1): 9440. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatSR..10.9440N">2020NatSR..10.9440N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-66023-8">10.1038/s41598-020-66023-8</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7289807/?tool=pmcentrez">7289807</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528071">32528071</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7289807">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7289807</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Department_of_Health2011" class="citation web">New York Department of Health (December 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/hospital_administrator/letters/2011/brain_death_guidelines.htm#:~:text=Electroencephalography%20(EEG)%3A%20Brain%20death,criteria%20listed%20in%20Appendix%202.">"Guidelines for Determining Brain Death"</a>. <i>New York State</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+State&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+Determining+Brain+Death&rft.date=2011-12-05&rft.au=New+York+Department+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.ny.gov%2Fprofessionals%2Fhospital_administrator%2Fletters%2F2011%2Fbrain_death_guidelines.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DElectroencephalography%2520%28EEG%29%253A%2520Brain%2520death%2Ccriteria%2520listed%2520in%2520Appendix%25202.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Conference_of_Commissioners_on_Uniform_State_LawsAmerican_Bar_AssociationAmerican_Medical_Association1981" class="citation book">National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws; American Bar Association; American Medical Association (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lchc.ucsd.edu/cogn_150/Readings/death_act.pdf"><i>Uniform Determination of Death Act</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Determination+of+Death+Act&rft.date=1981&rft.au=National+Conference+of+Commissioners+on+Uniform+State+Laws&rft.au=American+Bar+Association&rft.au=American+Medical+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flchc.ucsd.edu%2Fcogn_150%2FReadings%2Fdeath_act.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Lewis, Ariane; Cahn-Fuller, Katherine; Caplan, Arthur (March 2017). "Shouldn't Dead Be Dead?: The Search for a Uniform Definition of Death". <i>The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics</i> <b>45</b> (1): 112–128. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1073110517703105">10.1177/1073110517703105</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1073-1105">1073-1105</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28661278">28661278</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Sarbey, Ben (2016-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5570697">"Definitions of death: brain death and what matters in a person"</a>. <i>Journal of Law and the Biosciences</i> <b>3</b> (3): 743–752. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fjlb%2Flsw054">10.1093/jlb/lsw054</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5570697/?tool=pmcentrez">5570697</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28852554">28852554</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5570697">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5570697</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Department_of_Health_and_Aged_Care2021" class="citation web">Australian Department of Health and Aged Care (June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/the-physical-process-of-dying">"The physical process of dying"</a>. <i>Health Direct</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Health+Direct&rft.atitle=The+physical+process+of+dying&rft.date=2021-06&rft.au=Australian+Department+of+Health+and+Aged+Care&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthdirect.gov.au%2Fthe-physical-process-of-dying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dolinak-2005-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dolinak-2005_33-0">33.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dolinak-2005_33-1">33.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDolinakMatshesLew2005" class="citation book">Dolinak, David; Matshes, Evan; Lew, Emma O. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forensicpatholog0000doli"><i>Forensic Pathology: Principles and Practice</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier_Academic_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier Academic Press (dim tudalen ar gael)">Elsevier Academic Press</a>. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forensicpatholog0000doli/page/526">526</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0080470665" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0080470665"><bdi>978-0080470665</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forensic+Pathology%3A+Principles+and+Practice&rft.pages=526&rft.pub=Elsevier+Academic+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0080470665&rft.aulast=Dolinak&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Matshes%2C+Evan&rft.au=Lew%2C+Emma+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforensicpatholog0000doli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernat-2013-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bernat-2013_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Bernat, James L. (March 2013). "Controversies in defining and determining death in critical care". <i>Nature Reviews Neurology</i> <b>9</b> (3): 164–173. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrneurol.2013.12">10.1038/nrneurol.2013.12</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1759-4766">1759-4766</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419370">23419370</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization1979" class="citation book">World Health Organization (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medicalcertifica0000worl"><i>Medical Certification of Cause of Death: Instructions for Physicians on Use of International Form of Medical Certificate of Cause of Death</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Health Organization (dim tudalen ar gael)">World Health Organization</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-9241560627" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-9241560627"><bdi>978-9241560627</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Certification+of+Cause+of+Death%3A+Instructions+for+Physicians+on+Use+of+International+Form+of+Medical+Certificate+of+Cause+of+Death&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-9241560627&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedicalcertifica0000worl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011_36-0">36.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011_36-1">36.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-doi10.2202/1941-6008.1011_36-2">36.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aubrey_de_Grey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aubrey de Grey (dim tudalen ar gael)">Aubrey D.N.J, de Grey</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf">"Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations"</a>. <i>Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology</i> <b>1</b> (1, Article 5). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2202%2F1941-6008.1011">10.2202/1941-6008.1011</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf">http://www.sens.org/files/pdf/ENHANCE-PP.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd 20 March 2009</span>. "roughly 150,000 deaths that occur each day across the globe"</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2004data-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WHO2004data_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232509/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/index.html">"Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104 – Global and regional incidence"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Health Organization (dim tudalen ar gael)">WHO</a>. March 2006. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/index.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 30 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuberculosis+Fact+sheet+N%C2%B0104+%E2%80%93+Global+and+regional+incidence&rft.pub=WHO&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmediacentre%2Ffactsheets%2Ffs104%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Thomas,_Global_Health/Health_Infectious_Diseases_and_Nutrition2009" class="citation web">Chris Thomas, Global Health/Health Infectious Diseases and Nutrition (2 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040126050719/http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/mch/ch/techareas/malaria_brief.html">"USAID's Malaria Programs"</a>. Usaid.gov. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/mch/ch/techareas/malaria_brief.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 26 January 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USAID%27s+Malaria+Programs&rft.pub=Usaid.gov&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft.au=Chris+Thomas%2C+Global+Health%2FHealth+Infectious+Diseases+and+Nutrition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usaid.gov%2Four_work%2Fglobal_health%2Fmch%2Fch%2Ftechareas%2Fmalaria_brief.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130829025536/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/mar/04/aids">"Aids could kill 90 million Africans, says UN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. 4 March 2005. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/mar/04/aids">gwreiddiol</a> ar 29 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Aids+could+kill+90+million+Africans%2C+says+UN&rft.date=2005-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fmar%2F04%2Faids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTerry_Leonard2006" class="citation news">Terry Leonard (4 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217223543/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/03/AR2006060300229.html">"AIDS Toll May Reach 100 Million in Africa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/03/AR2006060300229.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 17 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=AIDS+Toll+May+Reach+100+Million+in+Africa&rft.date=2006-06-04&rft.au=Terry+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F06%2F03%2FAR2006060300229.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-who-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-who_41-0">41.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-who_41-1">41.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080308173338/http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdf">"WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Health Organization (dim tudalen ar gael)">WHO</a>. 2008. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> ar 8 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WHO+Report+on+the+Global+Tobacco+Epidemic%2C+2008&rft.pub=WHO&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Ftobacco%2Fmpower%2Fmpower_report_full_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Reinberg2012" class="citation news">Steven Reinberg (September 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006051702/http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-09-suicide-americans-car.html">"Suicide now kills more Americans than car crashes: study"</a>. <i>Medical Express</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-09-suicide-americans-car.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 6 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Express&rft.atitle=Suicide+now+kills+more+Americans+than+car+crashes%3A+study&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft.au=Steven+Reinberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedicalxpress.com%2Fnews%2F2012-09-suicide-americans-car.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCBC_Arts2010" class="citation web">CBC Arts (August 30, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/the-world-s-worst-natural-disasters-1.743208">"The World's Worst Natural Disasters: Calamities of the 20th and 21st centuries"</a>. <i>Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Worst+Natural+Disasters%3A+Calamities+of+the+20th+and+21st+centuries&rft.date=2010-08-30&rft.au=CBC+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fthe-world-s-worst-natural-disasters-1.743208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeansPappas2022" class="citation web">Means, Tiffany; Pappas, Stephanie (March 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/33316-top-10-deadliest-natural-disasters.html">"10 of the deadliest natural disasters in history"</a>. <i>LiveScience</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LiveScience&rft.atitle=10+of+the+deadliest+natural+disasters+in+history&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Means&rft.aufirst=Tiffany&rft.au=Pappas%2C+Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F33316-top-10-deadliest-natural-disasters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107131218/https://www.businessinsider.in/science/the-16-deadliest-storms-of-the-last-century/slidelist/60486966.cms">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">"</span>The 16 deadliest storms of the last century<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i>Business Insider India</i>. September 13, 2017. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/the-16-deadliest-storms-of-the-last-century/slidelist/60486966.cms">gwreiddiol</a> ar January 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider+India&rft.atitle=%22The+16+deadliest+storms+of+the+last+century%22&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.in%2Fscience%2Fthe-16-deadliest-storms-of-the-last-century%2Fslidelist%2F60486966.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johns_Hopkins_Medical-2019-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Johns_Hopkins_Medical-2019_46-0">46.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Johns_Hopkins_Medical-2019_46-1">46.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJohns_Hopkins_Medical2019" class="citation web">Johns Hopkins Medical (19 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/autopsy">"Autopsy"</a>. <i>Johns Hopkins Medical</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johns+Hopkins+Medical&rft.atitle=Autopsy&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.au=Johns+Hopkins+Medical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopkinsmedicine.org%2Fhealth%2Ftreatment-tests-and-therapies%2Fautopsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_Department_of_Health" class="citation web">Maryland Department of Health. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://health.maryland.gov/ocme/Pages/Forensic-Autopsy.aspx#:~:text=A%20forensic%20autopsy%20is%20a,or%20contributed%20to%20the%20death.">"Forensic Autopsy"</a>. <i>Maryland Department of Health</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maryland+Department+of+Health&rft.atitle=Forensic+Autopsy&rft.au=Maryland+Department+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhealth.maryland.gov%2Focme%2FPages%2FForensic-Autopsy.aspx%23%3A~%3Atext%3DA%2520forensic%2520autopsy%2520is%2520a%2Cor%2520contributed%2520to%2520the%2520death.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Madea, Buckhard; Rothschild, Markus (June 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/77978">"The Post Mortem External Examination"</a> (yn de). <i>Deutsches Ärzteblatt International</i> <b>103</b> (33): 575–586; quiz 587–588. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3238%2Farztebl.2010.0575">10.3238/arztebl.2010.0575</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936051/?tool=pmcentrez">2936051</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20830284">20830284</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/77978">https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/77978</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDuke_University_School_of_Medicine" class="citation web">Duke University School of Medicine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pathology.duke.edu/divisions/anatomic-pathology/autopsy-pathology#:~:text=The%20immediate%20family%20should%20be,brother%20or%20sister%20or%20guardian.">"Autopsy Pathology"</a>. <i>Duke Department of Pathology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Duke+Department+of+Pathology&rft.atitle=Autopsy+Pathology&rft.au=Duke+University+School+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpathology.duke.edu%2Fdivisions%2Fanatomic-pathology%2Fautopsy-pathology%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520immediate%2520family%2520should%2520be%2Cbrother%2520or%2520sister%2520or%2520guardian.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcKie2002" class="citation news">McKie, Robin (13 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708232125/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2002/jul/14/medicalscience.science">"Cold facts about cryonics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2002/jul/14/medicalscience.science">gwreiddiol</a> ar 8 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2013</span>. <q>Cryonics, which began in the Fifties, is the freezing – usually in liquid nitrogen – of human beings who have been legally declared dead. The aim of this process is to keep such individuals in a state of refrigerated limbo so that it may become possible in the future to resuscitate them, cure them of the condition that killed them, and then restore them to functioning life in an era when medical science has triumphed over the activities of the Banana Reaper</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cold+facts+about+cryonics&rft.date=2002-07-13&rft.aulast=McKie&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2002%2Fjul%2F14%2Fmedicalscience.science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alcor_What_is_Cryonics-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-alcor_What_is_Cryonics_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002857/http://alcor.org/AboutCryonics/index.html">"What is Cryonics?"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcor_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcor Foundation (dim tudalen ar gael)">Alcor Foundation</a></i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alcor.org/AboutCryonics/index.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2013</span>. <q>Cryonics is an effort to save lives by using temperatures so cold that a person beyond help by today's medicine might be preserved for decades or centuries until a future medical technology can restore that person to full health.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcor+Foundation&rft.atitle=What+is+Cryonics%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falcor.org%2FAboutCryonics%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InfoDeath-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-InfoDeath_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMerkle" class="citation web">Merkle, Ralph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809190714/http://www.merkle.com/definitions/infodeath.html">"Information-Theoretic Death"</a>. <i>merkle.com</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merkle.com/definitions/infodeath.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 9 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2016</span>. <q>A person is dead according to the information-theoretic criterion if the structures that encode memory and personality have been so disrupted that it is no longer possible in principle to recover them. If inference of the state of memory and personality are feasible in principle, and therefore restoration to an appropriate functional state is likewise feasible in principle, then the person is not dead.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merkle.com&rft.atitle=Information-Theoretic+Death&rft.aulast=Merkle&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merkle.com%2Fdefinitions%2Finfodeath.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whetstine_L_et_al._2005_538–542-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Whetstine_L_et_al._2005_538–542_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1414041">"Pro/con ethics debate: When is dead really dead?"</a>. <i>Critical Care</i> <b>9</b> (6): 538–42. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fcc3894">10.1186/cc3894</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414041/?tool=pmcentrez">1414041</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16356234">16356234</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1414041">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1414041</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18321197-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18321197_54-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Best&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Best (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ben Best</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4733321">"Scientific justification of cryonics practice"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rejuvenation_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rejuvenation Research (dim tudalen ar gael)">Rejuvenation Research</a></i> <b>11</b> (2): 493–503. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1089%2Frej.2008.0661">10.1089/rej.2008.0661</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4733321/?tool=pmcentrez">4733321</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18321197">18321197</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4733321">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4733321</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLovgren2005" class="citation news">Lovgren, Stefan (18 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714141729/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/03/0318_050318_cryonics.html">"Corpses Frozen for Future Rebirth by Arizona Company"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Geographic (magazine) (dim tudalen ar gael)">National Geographic</a></i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/03/0318_050318_cryonics.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>Many cryobiologists, however, scoff at the idea...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Corpses+Frozen+for+Future+Rebirth+by+Arizona+Company&rft.date=2005-03-18&rft.aulast=Lovgren&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2F03%2F0318_050318_cryonics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHeathKlimo2010" class="citation book">Heath, Pamela Rae; Klimo, Jon (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fuKB8MPMdG4C&pg=PA18"><i>Handbook to the Afterlife</i></a>. North Atlantic Books. t. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1556438691" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1556438691"><bdi>978-1556438691</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+the+Afterlife&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1556438691&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Pamela+Rae&rft.au=Klimo%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfuKB8MPMdG4C%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation book">Williams, Victoria (2016). <i>Celebrating Life Customs Around the World: From Baby Showers to Funerals [3 Volumes]</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1440836596" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1440836596"><bdi>978-1440836596</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrating+Life+Customs+Around+the+World%3A+From+Baby+Showers+to+Funerals+%5B3+Volumes%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1440836596&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1707/death-burial--the-afterlife-in-the-ancient-celtic/">worldhistory.org;</a> adalwyd 22 Awst 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornelius Tacitus <i>Annales</i> XIV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/475371">"A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Second Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians. Alfred Plummer"</a>. <i>The Biblical World</i> <b>46</b> (3): 192. September 1915. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F475371">10.1086/475371</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-3578">0190-3578</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/475371">http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/475371</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2468-483x_smuo_com_003831"><i>Resurrection – Resurrection of Christ</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163%2F2468-483x_smuo_com_003831">10.1163/2468-483x_smuo_com_003831</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2468-483x_smuo_com_003831">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2468-483x_smuo_com_003831</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Adalwyd 2021-11-14</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Hindu_Kama_Shastra_Society1925" class="citation book">The Hindu Kama Shastra Society (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/kamasutraofvatsy00vatsuoft#page/8/mode/2up"><i>The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana</i></a>. University of Toronto Archives. tt. 8–11, 172.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kama+Sutra+of+Vatsyayana&rft.pages=8-11%2C+172&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Archives&rft.date=1925&rft.au=The+Hindu+Kama+Shastra+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fkamasutraofvatsy00vatsuoft%23page%2F8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Yadav, Richa (March 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_316-1#:~:text=According%20to%20Hinduism%2C%20a%20soul,through%20many%20births%20and%20deaths.">"Rebirth (Hinduism)"</a>. <i>Hinduism and Tribal Religions</i>. Encyclopedia of Indian Religions: 1–4. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-024-1036-5_316-1">10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_316-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-9402410365" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-9402410365">978-9402410365</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_316-1#:~:text=According%20to%20Hinduism%2C%20a%20soul,through%20many%20births%20and%20deaths">https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_316-1#:~:text=According%20to%20Hinduism%2C%20a%20soul,through%20many%20births%20and%20deaths</a>.</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Sharma, Arvind (March 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23447913">"THE ISSUE OF MEMORY AS A PRAMĀṆA AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR THE CONFIRMATION OF REINCARNATION IN HINDUISM"</a>. <i>Journal of Indian Philosophy</i> (Springer) <b>24</b> (1): 21–36. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00219274">10.1007/BF00219274</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/23447913">23447913</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23447913">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23447913</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFSmithHaddad2002">Smith, Jane Idleman; Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck (2002-12-12), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0195156498.003.0002">"From Death to Resurrection: Classical Islam"</a>, <i>The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection</i> (Oxford University PressNew York): 31–62, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2F0195156498.003.0002">10.1093/0195156498.003.0002</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0195156498" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0195156498">0195156498</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0195156498.003.0002">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0195156498.003.0002</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, adalwyd 2022-12-06</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Puchalski, Christina M.; O’Donnell, Edward (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.trap.2005.06.003">"Religious and spiritual beliefs in end of life care: how major religions view death and dying"</a>. <i>Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management</i> <b>9</b> (3): 114–121. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1053%2Fj.trap.2005.06.003">10.1053/j.trap.2005.06.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1084-208X">1084-208X</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.trap.2005.06.003">http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.trap.2005.06.003</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/68963889"><i>The Qurʼan : an encyclopedia</i></a>. Oliver Leaman. London: Routledge. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/0203176448" title="Arbennig:BookSources/0203176448"><bdi>0203176448</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/68963889">68963889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Qur%CA%BCan+%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F68963889&rft.isbn=0203176448&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F68963889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Categori:CS1_maint:_others" title="Categori:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Tayeb, Mohamad A.; Al-Zamel, Ersan; Fareed, Muhammed M.; Abouellail, Hesham A. (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2886872">"A "good death": perspectives of Muslim patients and health care providers"</a>. <i>Annals of Saudi Medicine</i> <b>30</b> (3): 215–221. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2F0256-4947.62836">10.4103/0256-4947.62836</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0256-4947">0256-4947</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2886872/?tool=pmcentrez">2886872</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20427938">20427938</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2886872">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2886872</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCampo2009" class="citation book">Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191882169"><i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i></a>. New York: Facts On File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0816054541" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0816054541"><bdi>978-0816054541</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/191882169">191882169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191882169&rft.isbn=978-0816054541&rft.aulast=Campo&rft.aufirst=Juan+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F191882169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRaphael2021" class="citation book">Raphael, Simcha Paull (May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neshamah.net/images/jewish-views-of-the-afterlife.pdf"><i>Jewish Views of the Afterlife</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Views+of+the+Afterlife&rft.date=2021-05&rft.aulast=Raphael&rft.aufirst=Simcha+Paull&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neshamah.net%2Fimages%2Fjewish-views-of-the-afterlife.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolenni_allanol">Dolenni allanol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Golygu'r adran: Dolenni allanol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwolaeth&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Dolenni allanol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Death at Curlie</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/death/#2"><i>"Death"</i></a>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Death%22&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fdeath%2F%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBest,_Ben" class="citation web">Best, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.benbest.com/lifeext/causes.html">"Causes of Death"</a>. <i>BenBest.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BenBest.com&rft.atitle=Causes+of+Death&rft.au=Best%2C+Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.benbest.com%2Flifeext%2Fcauses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchels,_WalterLakotta,_Beate" class="citation web">Schels, Walter; Lakotta, Beate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011190734/https://www.lensculture.com/wschels">"Before and After Death"</a>. <i>LensCulture.com</i>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lensculture.com/wschels">gwreiddiol</a> ar 11 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LensCulture.com&rft.atitle=Before+and+After+Death&rft.au=Schels%2C+Walter&rft.au=Lakotta%2C+Beate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lensculture.com%2Fwschels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> Interviews with people dying in hospices, and portraits of them before, and shortly after, death.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Census" class="citation web">U.S. Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040918133848/http://rack1.ul.cs.cmu.edu/is/deathtypes/doc.scn?rp=_n">"Causes of Death 1916"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rack1.ul.cs.cmu.edu/is/deathtypes/doc.scn?rp=_n">gwreiddiol</a> ar 18 September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Cyrchwyd <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Causes+of+Death+1916&rft.au=U.S.+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frack1.ul.cs.cmu.edu%2Fis%2Fdeathtypes%2Fdoc.scn%3Frp%3D_n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> How the medical profession categorized causes of death.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWald,_George" class="citation web">Wald, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elijahwald.com/origin.html">"The Origin of Death"</a>. <i>ElijahWald.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElijahWald.com&rft.atitle=The+Origin+of+Death&rft.au=Wald%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elijahwald.com%2Forigin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AMarwolaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> A biologist explains life and death in different kinds of organisms, in relation to evolution.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiTUvqjTqDk">"Death" (video; 10:18)</a> by Timothy Ferris, producer of the Voyager Golden Record for <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 2021</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awdurdod" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Awdurdod" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Awdurdod" class="mw-redirect" title="Awdurdod">Awdurdod</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-036085">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85036085">sh85036085</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4060294-1">4060294-1</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119325308">cb119325308</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119325308">(data)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (dim tudalen ar gael)">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F027291.php">027291</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570389">00570389</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116193&CON_LNG=ENG">ph116193</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525535">XX525535</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p></nowiki></p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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