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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat-sifat_fisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat-sifat_fisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sifat-sifat fisika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sifat_fisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Produksi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Produksi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pasar_industri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pasar_industri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pasar industri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pasar_industri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aplikasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pengawetan_baja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengawetan_baja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Pengawetan baja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengawetan_baja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi_senyawa_organik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi_senyawa_organik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Produksi senyawa organik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksi_senyawa_organik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi_senyawa_anorganik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi_senyawa_anorganik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Produksi senyawa anorganik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produksi_senyawa_anorganik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengendali_pH_dan_netralisasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengendali_pH_dan_netralisasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Pengendali pH dan netralisasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengendali_pH_dan_netralisasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regenerasi_penukar_ion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regenerasi_penukar_ion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Regenerasi penukar ion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regenerasi_penukar_ion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lain-lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lain-lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Lain-lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lain-lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keberadaan_dalam_organisme_hidup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keberadaan_dalam_organisme_hidup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Keberadaan dalam organisme hidup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keberadaan_dalam_organisme_hidup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keselamatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keselamatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Keselamatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keselamatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Asam klorida</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 88 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soutsuur" title="Soutsuur – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Soutsuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="حمض الهيدروكلوريك – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمض الهيدروكلوريك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cidu_clorh%C3%ADdrico" title="Ácidu clorhídrico – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ácidu clorhídrico" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xlorid_tur%C5%9Fusu" title="Xlorid turşusu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xlorid turşusu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="هیدروکولوریک اسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیدروکولوریک اسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Саляная кіслата – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Саляная кіслата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хлёравадародная кісьля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хлёравадародная кісьля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Солна киселина – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Солна киселина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1" title="হাইড্রোক্লোরিক অ্যাসিড – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাইড্রোক্লোরিক অ্যাসিড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlorovodi%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Hlorovodična kiselina – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hlorovodična kiselina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cid_clorh%C3%ADdric" title="Àcid clorhídric – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àcid clorhídric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ng-s%C5%8Fng" title="Sièng-sŏng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sièng-sŏng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_chlorovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorovodíková – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyselina chlorovodíková" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B9%D3%B3%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Тăвар йӳçекĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăвар йӳçекĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_hydroclorig" title="Asid hydroclorig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asid hydroclorig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltsyre" title="Saltsyre – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saltsyre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzs%C3%A4ure" title="Salzsäure – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salzsäure" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%8D" title="Υδροχλωρικό οξύ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδροχλωρικό οξύ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hydrochloric acid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorida_acido" title="Klorida acido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klorida acido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_clorh%C3%ADdrico" title="Ácido clorhídrico – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ácido clorhídrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesinikkloriidhape" title="Vesinikkloriidhape – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesinikkloriidhape" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azido_klorhidriko" title="Azido klorhidriko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azido klorhidriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="هیدروکلریک اسید – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیدروکلریک اسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suolahappo" title="Suolahappo – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suolahappo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_chlorhydrique" title="Acide chlorhydrique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acide chlorhydrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalts%C3%BCren" title="Saaltsüren – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saaltsüren" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aig%C3%A9ad_hidreacl%C3%B3rach" title="Aigéad hidreaclórach – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aigéad hidreaclórach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_clorh%C3%ADdrico" title="Ácido clorhídrico – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ácido clorhídrico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="חומצת מימן כלורי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומצת מימן כלורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorovodi%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Klorovodična kiselina – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klorovodična kiselina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3sav" title="Sósav – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sósav" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Աղաթթու – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աղաթթու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acido_chlorhydric" title="Acido chlorhydric – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Acido chlorhydric" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salts%C3%BDra" title="Saltsýra – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Saltsýra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acido_cloridrico" title="Acido cloridrico – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acido cloridrico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9%E9%85%B8" title="塩酸 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塩酸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asem_klorid" title="Asem klorid – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Asem klorid" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ქლორწყალბადმჟავა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქლორწყალბადმჟავა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D0%B7_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тұз қышқылы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұз қышқылы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2" title="ಹೈಡ್ರೊಕ್ಲೋರಿಕ್ ಆಮ್ಲ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೈಡ್ರೊಕ್ಲೋರಿಕ್ ಆಮ್ಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EC%82%B0" title="염산 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="염산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%AEda_h%C3%AEdroklor%C3%AE" title="Asîda hîdroklorî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Asîda hîdroklorî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidum_hydrochloricum" title="Acidum hydrochloricum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Acidum hydrochloricum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druskos_r%C5%ABg%C5%A1tis" title="Druskos rūgštis – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Druskos rūgštis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81lssk%C4%81be" title="Sālsskābe – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sālsskābe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Солна киселина – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Солна киселина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ഹൈഡ്രോക്ലോറിക് അമ്ലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൈഡ്രോക്ലോറിക് അമ്ലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Давсны хүчил – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Давсны хүчил" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="हायड्रोक्लोरिक आम्ल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हायड्रोक्लोरिक आम्ल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_hidroklorik" title="Asid hidroklorik – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asid hidroklorik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဟိုက်ဒရိုကလိုရစ်အက်ဆစ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိုက်ဒရိုကလိုရစ်အက်ဆစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoutzuur" title="Zoutzuur – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zoutzuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltsyre" title="Saltsyre – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Saltsyre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltsyre" title="Saltsyre – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saltsyre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_cloridric" title="Acid cloridric – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acid cloridric" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B3" title="ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକ୍ଲୋରିକ ଅମ୍ଳ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହାଇଡ୍ରୋକ୍ଲୋରିକ ଅମ୍ଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਕਲੋਰਿਕ ਤਿਜ਼ਾਬ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਈਡਰੋਕਲੋਰਿਕ ਤਿਜ਼ਾਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwas_solny" title="Kwas solny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwas solny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%88" title="ہائیڈروکلورک ایسڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہائیڈروکلورک ایسڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_clor%C3%ADdrico" title="Ácido clorídrico – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ácido clorídrico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_clorhidric" title="Acid clorhidric – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acid clorhidric" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Соляная кислота – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соляная кислота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80citu_clur%C3%ACdricu" title="Àcitu clurìdricu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Àcitu clurìdricu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hydrochloric acid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlorovodoni%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Hlorovodonična kiselina – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hlorovodonična kiselina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="හයිඩ්‍රොක්ලෝරික් අම්ලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හයිඩ්‍රොක්ලෝරික් අම්ලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hydrochloric acid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_chlorovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorovodíková – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyselina chlorovodíková" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorovodikova_kislina" title="Klorovodikova kislina – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klorovodikova kislina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хлороводонична киселина – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хлороводонична киселина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Asam klorida" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltsyra" title="Saltsyra – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saltsyra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidi_hidrokloridi" title="Asidi hidrokloridi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Asidi hidrokloridi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="ஐதரோகுளோரிக் காடி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐதரோகுளோரிக் காடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="హైడ్రోక్లోరిక్ ఆమ్లం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హైడ్రోక్లోరిక్ ఆమ్లం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กรดไฮโดรคลอริก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรดไฮโดรคลอริก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroklorik_asit" title="Hidroklorik asit – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hidroklorik asit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Хлоридна кислота – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хлоридна кислота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xlorid_kislota" title="Xlorid kislota – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xlorid kislota" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_hydrochloric" title="Acid hydrochloric – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Acid hydrochloric" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hydrochloric acid" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E9%85%B8" title="盐酸 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="盐酸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E9%85%B8" title="盐酸 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盐酸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%85%B8" title="鹽酸 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鹽酸" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2m-sng" title="Iâm-sng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâm-sng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%85%B8" title="鹽酸 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鹽酸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2409#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Asam_klorida" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Asam_klorida" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Asam_klorida" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&oldid=26796331" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Asam_klorida&id=26796331&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAsam_klorida"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAsam_klorida"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Asam+klorida"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Asam_klorida&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Asam klorida merujuk pada larutan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> dalam air, untuk senyawa HCl dalam keadaan murni (gas), lihat <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_klorida" title="Hidrogen klorida">Hidrogen klorida</a></i></dd></dl> <table class="infobox bordered" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:22em; text-align:left; ;"> <caption style="text-align:center;">Asam klorida </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW-labelled.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Molecular model of hydrogen chloride"><img alt="Molecular model of hydrogen chloride" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW-labelled.svg/150px-Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW-labelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW-labelled.svg/225px-Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW-labelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW-labelled.svg/300px-Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW-labelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="1251" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg/110px-Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg/165px-Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg/220px-Hydrogen-chloride-2D-dimensions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW.svg/110px-Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW.svg/165px-Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW.svg/220px-Hydrogen-chloride-3D-vdW.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hydrochloric_acid_30_percent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hydrochloric_acid_30_percent.jpg/220px-Hydrochloric_acid_30_percent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hydrochloric_acid_30_percent.jpg/330px-Hydrochloric_acid_30_percent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hydrochloric_acid_30_percent.jpg/440px-Hydrochloric_acid_30_percent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="932" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Nama </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tata_nama_senyawa_kimia" title="Tata nama senyawa kimia">Nama IUPAC</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Asam klorida</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Nama lain <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Klorana</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Penanda </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.commonchemistry.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=7647-01-0">7647-01-0</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3DMet </td> <td><span title="www.3dmet.dna.affrc.go.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3dmet.dna.affrc.go.jp/cgi/show_data.php?acc={{{3DMet}}}">{{{3DMet}}}</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.307.html">307</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nomor_EC" title="Nomor EC"><span title="Nomor Masyarakat Eropa (penanda kimia)">Nomor EC</span></a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/313">313</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTECS" title="RTECS">Nomor RTECS</a> </td> <td>{{{value}}} </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/ClH/h1H</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Sifat </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Rumus_kimia" title="Rumus kimia">Rumus kimia</a></div> </td> <td>HCl dalam <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O)  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_molar" title="Massa molar">Massa molar</a> </td> <td>36,46 g/mol (HCl)    </td></tr> <tr> <td>Penampilan </td> <td>Cairan tak berwarna<br />sampai dengan kuning pucat </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Densitas</a> </td> <td>1,18 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (variable) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a> </td> <td>−27,32 °C (247 K)<br />larutan 38%   </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a> </td> <td>110 °C (383 K),<br />larutan 20,2%;<br /> 48 °C (321 K),<br />larutan 38%.   </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Larutan_berair" title="Larutan berair">Kelarutan dalam air</a></div> </td> <td>Tercampur penuh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koefisien_partisi" title="Koefisien partisi">log P</a> </td> <td>0,25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Konstanta_disosiasi_asam" title="Konstanta disosiasi asam">Keasaman</a> (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>) </td> <td>−6,3<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viskositas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viskositas">Viskositas</a> </td> <td>1,9 mPa·s pada 25 °C,<br />larutan 31,5% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Bahaya </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petunjuk_Zat_Berbahaya_(67/548/EEC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petunjuk Zat Berbahaya (67/548/EEC) (halaman belum tersedia)">Klasifikasi UE</a> (DSD) <span style="background:moccasin; line-height:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regulasi_CLP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regulasi CLP (halaman belum tersedia)"><small title="Per Regulasi CLP, usang per 1 Juni 2017. Digantikan oleh data GHS"><i>(usang)</i></small></a></span></div> </td> <td>Korosif (<b>C</b>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daftar_frasa_R_(risiko)" title="Daftar frasa R (risiko)">Frasa-R</a> </td> <td><span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="Menyebabkan luka bakar">R34</span>, <span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="R37: Menyebabkan iritasi pada sistem pernafasan">R37</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daftar_frasa_S_(keamanan)" title="Daftar frasa S (keamanan)">Frasa-S</a> </td> <td><span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="Keep locked up and out of the reach of children">(S1/2)</span>, <span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="Jika kena mata cuci segera dengan air dan cari bantuan dokter">S26</span>, <span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="Jika terjadi kecelakaan atau anda merasa kurang sehat cari bantuan medis secepatnya">S45</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Titik_nyala" title="Titik nyala">Titik nyala</a> </td> <td>Tak ternyalakan.   </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Senyawa terkait </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Anion</a> lain</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluorida" title="Fluorida">F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromida" title="Bromida">Br</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iodida" title="Iodida">I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba;"><div style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">suhu dan tekanan standar</a> (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Referensi</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba;"> <td style="width:40%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-right:1px solid transparent;"> </td> <td style="width:60%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-left:1px solid transparent;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Asam klorida</b> adalah larutan akuatik dari gas <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_klorida" title="Hidrogen klorida">hidrogen klorida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a>). Ia adalah <a href="/wiki/Asam_kuat" class="mw-redirect" title="Asam kuat">asam kuat</a>, dan merupakan komponen utama dalam <a href="/wiki/Asam_lambung" title="Asam lambung">asam lambung</a>. Senyawa ini juga digunakan secara luas dalam industri. Asam klorida harus ditangani dengan prosedur keselamatan yang tepat karena merupakan <a href="/wiki/Cairan" title="Cairan">cairan</a> yang sangat <a href="/wiki/Korosif" title="Korosif">korosif</a>. </p><p>Asam klorida pernah menjadi zat yang sangat penting dan sering digunakan dalam awal sejarahnya. Ia ditemukan oleh <a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">alkimiawan</a> <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa_Jabir_bin_Hayyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Musa Jabir bin Hayyan">Abu Musa Jabir bin Hayyan</a> sekitar tahun 800. Senyawa ini digunakan sepanjang <a href="/wiki/Abad_pertengahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad pertengahan">abad pertengahan</a> oleh alkimiawan dalam pencariannya mencari <a href="/wiki/Batu_filsuf" title="Batu filsuf">batu filsuf</a>, dan kemudian digunakan juga oleh <a href="/wiki/Ilmuwan" title="Ilmuwan">ilmuwan</a> Eropa termasuk <a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Glauber" title="Johann Rudolf Glauber">Glauber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Davy</a> dalam rangka membangun pengetahuan kimia modern. </p><p>Sejak <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Industri" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a>, senyawa ini menjadi sangat penting dan digunakan untuk berbagai tujuan, meliputi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pereaksi_kimia" title="Pereaksi kimia">pereaksi</a> dalam produksi massal senyawa kimia <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">organik</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Vinil_klorida" title="Vinil klorida">vinil klorida</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Plastik" title="Plastik">plastik</a> <a href="/wiki/Polivinil_klorida" title="Polivinil klorida">PVC</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metilen_difenil_diisosianat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metilen difenil diisosianat (halaman belum tersedia)">MDI</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Toluen_diisosianat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toluen diisosianat (halaman belum tersedia)">TDI</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Poliuretana" title="Poliuretana">poliuretana</a>. Kegunaan kecil lainnya meliputi penggunaan dalam pembersih rumah, produksi <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aditif_makanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aditif makanan">aditif makanan</a>, dan pengolahan <a href="/wiki/Kulit_(produk_hewan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulit (produk hewan)">kulit</a>. Sekitar 20 juta ton gas HCl diproduksi setiap tahun. pada abad ke-20 proses Leblanc digantikan dengan proses Slovay yang tidak menghasilkan asam klorida sebagai produk sampingan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asam klorida dikenal oleh alkemiawan Eropa sebagai <i>roh garam</i> atau <i>acidum salis</i> (asam garam). Kedua nama tersebut yang masih digunakan, terutama dalam bahasa lain, seperti <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a>: <i>Salzsäure</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">Belanda</a>: <i>Zoutzuur</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Swedia" title="Bahasa Swedia">Swedia</a>: <i>Saltsyra</i>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polski" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Polski">Polandia</a>: <i>kwas solny</i>. Gas HCl disebut <i>udara asam laut</i>. Nama sebelumnya (pra-<a href="/wiki/Tata_nama_IUPAC" title="Tata nama IUPAC">sistematis</a>) adalah <i>asam muriatat</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>muriatic acid</i></span>) (<i>muriatic</i> berarti "yang berkaitan dengan air garam atau garam", dan dari situ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muriat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muriat (halaman belum tersedia)">muriat</a> berarti <a href="/wiki/Hidroklorida" title="Hidroklorida">hidroklorida</a>), dan nama ini masih kadang-kadang digunakan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nama "asam klorida"diciptakan oleh kimiawan Prancis <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac" title="Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac">Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac</a> pada tahun 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aqua_regia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua regia">Aqua regia</a>, campuran yang terdiri dari asam klorida dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a>, dibuat dengan melarutkan <a href="/wiki/Sal_amoniak" title="Sal amoniak">sal amoniak</a> dalam asam nitrat, digambarkan dalam karya <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa_Jabir_bin_Hayyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Musa Jabir bin Hayyan">Pseudo-Geber</a>, alkemiawan Persia abad ke-13.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referensi lain menunjukkan bahwa penyebutan pertama aqua regia adalah dalam manuskrip Bizantium bertanggal abad ketiga belas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asam klorida pertama kali ditemukan sekitar tahun 800 sesudah masehi oleh ahli kimia <a href="/wiki/Jabir_bin_Hayyan" title="Jabir bin Hayyan">Jabir bin Hayyan</a> (Geber) dengan mencampurkan <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">natrium klorida</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> ("vitriol").<sup id="cite_ref-wvd04_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wvd04-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leicester_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leicester-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabir menemukan banyak senyawa-senyawa kimia penting lainnya, dan mencatat penemuannya ke dalam lebih dari dua puluh buku. Penemuan Jabir atas <a href="/wiki/Air_raja" title="Air raja">air raja</a> yang dapat melarutkan emas mengandung asam klorida dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wvd04_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wvd04-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leicester_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leicester-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a>, asam klorida dikenal oleh ahli kimia Eropa sebagai <i>spirits of salt</i> atau <i>acidum salis</i> (asam garam). Istilah <i>asam garam</i> ini pun masih digunakan di beberapa bahasa dunia, misalnya dalam bahasa Jerman <i>Salzsäure</i>, bahasa Belanda <i>Zoutzuur</i>, bahasa Mandarin 鹽酸 (<i>yansuan</i>), dan bahasa Jepang 塩酸 (<i>ensan</i>). Gas HCl disebut sebagai <i>udara asam laut</i>. </p><p>Produksi asam klorida secara signifikan dicatat oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilius_Valentinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basilius Valentinus (halaman belum tersedia)">Basilius Valentinus</a> pada abad ke-15. Pada abad ke-17, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Glauber" title="Johann Rudolf Glauber">Johann Rudolf Glauber</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Karlstadt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlstadt am Main">Karlstadt am Main, Jerman</a> menggunakan natrium klorida dan asam sulfat untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Natrium_sulfat" title="Natrium sulfat">natrium sulfat</a> melalui <a href="/wiki/Proses_Mannheim" title="Proses Mannheim">proses Mannheim</a>. Proses ini akan melepaskan gas <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_klorida" title="Hidrogen klorida">hidrogen klorida</a> sebagai produk sampingannya. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> berhasil menghasilkan hidrogen klorida murni pada tahun 1772,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan pada tahun 1818, <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penzance,_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penzance, Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Penzance, Inggris</a>, membuktikan bahwa komposisi kimia zat tersebut terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wvd04_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wvd04-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leicester_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leicester-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/200px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/300px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/400px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jabir_bin_Hayyan" title="Jabir bin Hayyan">Jabir bin Hayyan</a> dalam gambar abad pertengahan</figcaption></figure> <p>Semasa <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Industri" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a> di Eropa, permintaan atas senyawa-senyawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alkalin (halaman belum tersedia)">alkalin</a> meningkat. Proses industri baru yang mengizinkan produksi <a href="/wiki/Natrium_karbonat" title="Natrium karbonat">natrium karbonat</a> (soda abu) dalam skala besar berhasil dikembangkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Leblanc" title="Nicolas Leblanc">Nicolas Leblanc</a>. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Proses_Leblanc" title="Proses Leblanc">proses Leblanc</a>, natrium klorida diubah menjadi natrium karbonat menggunakan asam sulfat, batu kapur, dan batubara. Proses ini melepaskan hidrogen klorida sebagai produk samping. </p><p>Sebelum diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Alkali tahun 1863 oleh Britania, HCl yang berlebih dilepaskan ke udara bebas. Setelah berlakunya undang-undang ini, produsen soda abu diwajibkan untuk melarutkan gas ini ke dalam air dan menghasilkan asam klorida dalam skala industri.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wvd04_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wvd04-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aftalion_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aftalion-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada abad ke-20, proses Leblanc digantikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Proses_Solvay" title="Proses Solvay">proses Solvay</a> yang tidak menghasilkan asam klorida sebagai produk sampingan. Setelah tahun 2000, asam klorida kebanyakan dihasilkan dari pelarutan produk samping hidrogen klorida dari produksi industri senyawa organik.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aftalion_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aftalion-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G&E_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak tahun 1988, asam klorida telah dimasukkan ke dalam Tabel II <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konvensi_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Tentang_Pemberantasan_Peredaran_Gelap_Narkotika_dan_Psikotropika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Tentang Pemberantasan Peredaran Gelap Narkotika dan Psikotropika (halaman belum tersedia)">Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Tentang Pemberantasan Peredaran Gelap Narkotika dan Psikotropika</a> karena ia dapat digunakan dalam produksi <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kokaina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokaina">kokaina</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Metamfetamina" title="Metamfetamina">metamfetamina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-incb_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incb-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konvensi ini disahkan di Indonesia oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia">Kimia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Titration.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Titration.gif/100px-Titration.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Titration.gif/150px-Titration.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Titration.gif 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Titrasi asam</figcaption></figure> <p>Hidrogen klorida (HCl) adalah <a href="/wiki/Asam_monoprotik" title="Asam monoprotik">asam monoprotik</a>, yang berarti bahwa ia dapat <a href="/wiki/Disosiasi_(kimia)" title="Disosiasi (kimia)">terdisosiasi</a> (terionisasi) melepaskan satu H<sup>+</sup> (sebuah <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> tunggal) hanya sekali. Dalam larutan asam klorida, H<sup>+</sup> ini bergabung dengan molekul air membentuk ion <a href="/wiki/Hidronium" title="Hidronium">hidronium</a>, H:<sup id="cite_ref-crc_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perry_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>HCl + H → H + Cl</dd></dl> <p>Ion lain yang terbentuk adalah <a href="/wiki/Klorida" title="Klorida">ion klorida</a>, Cl<sup>−</sup>. Asam klorida oleh karenanya dapat digunakan untuk membuat garam <i>klorida</i>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">natrium klorida</a>. Asam klorida adalah <a href="/wiki/Asam_kuat" class="mw-redirect" title="Asam kuat">asam kuat</a> karena ia terdisosiasi penuh dalam air.<sup id="cite_ref-crc_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perry_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asam monoprotik memiliki satu <a href="/wiki/Tetapan_disosiasi_asam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetapan disosiasi asam">tetapan disosiasi asam</a>, <i>K</i><sub>a</sub>, yang mengindikasikan tingkat disosiasi zat tersebut dalam air. Untuk asam kuat seperti HCl, nilai <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> cukup besar. Beberapa usaha perhitungan teoretis telah dilakukan untuk menghitung nilai <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> HCl.<sup id="cite_ref-chembuddy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chembuddy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketika garam klorida seperti NaCl ditambahkan ke dalam larutan HCl, ia tidak akan mengubah pH larutan secara signifikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa Cl<sup>−</sup> adalah <a href="/wiki/Basa_konjugat" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa konjugat">basa konjugat</a> yang sangat lemah dan HCl secara penuh berdisosiasi dalam larutan tersebut. Untuk larutan asam klorida sedang hingga pekat, asumsi bahwa molaritas H<sup>+</sup> sama dengan molaritas (satuan <a href="/wiki/Molaritas" title="Molaritas">konsentrasi</a>) HCl cukuplah baik, dengan ketepatan mencapai empat digit angka bermakna.<sup id="cite_ref-crc_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perry_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dari enam asam mineral kuat dalam kimia, asam klorida merupakan asam monoprotik yang paling sulit mengalami reaksi <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">redoks</a>. Ia juga merupakan asam kuat yang paling tidak berbahaya untuk ditangani dibandingkan dengan asam kuat lainnya. Walaupun asam, ia mengandung ion klorida yang tidak reaktif dan tidak beracun. Asam klorida dalam konsentrasi menengah cukup stabil untuk disimpan dan terus mempertahankan konsentrasinya. Oleh karena alasan inilah, ditambah kenyataan bahwa asam ini tersedia dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Pereaksi_kimia" title="Pereaksi kimia">pereaksi</a> murni, asam klorida merupakan reagen pengasam yang sangat baik. </p><p>Asam klorida merupakan asam pilihan dalam <a href="/wiki/Titrasi" title="Titrasi">titrasi</a> untuk menentukan jumlah <a href="/wiki/Basa" title="Basa">basa</a>. Asam yang lebih kuat akan memberikan hasil yang lebih baik oleh karena titik akhir yang jelas. Asam klorida <a href="/wiki/Azeotrop" title="Azeotrop">azeotropik</a> (kira-kira 20,2%) dapat digunakan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standar_primer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standar primer (halaman belum tersedia)">standar primer</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Kimia_analisis" title="Kimia analisis">analisis kuantitatif</a>, walaupun konsentrasinya bergantung pada <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_atmosfer" title="Tekanan atmosfer">tekanan atmosfernya</a> ketika dibuat.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asam klorida sering digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Analisis_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Analisis kimia">analisis kimia</a> untuk "mencerna" sampel-sampel analisis. Asam klorida pekat melarutkan banyak jenis logam dan menghasilkan logam klorida dan gas hidrogen. Ia juga bereaksi dengan senyawa dasar semacam <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_karbonat" title="Kalsium karbonat">kalsium karbonat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tembaga(II)_oksida" title="Tembaga(II) oksida">tembaga(II) oksida</a>, menghasilkan klorida terlarut yang dapat dianalisis.<sup id="cite_ref-crc_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perry_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat-sifat_fisika">Sifat-sifat fisika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat-sifat fisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat-sifat fisika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ciri-ciri fisika asam klorida, seperti <a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">titik didih</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titik_leleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Titik leleh">titik leleh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">massa jenis</a>, dan pH tergantung pada konsentrasi atau molaritas HCl dalam larutan asam tersebut. Sifat-sifat ini berkisar dari larutan dengan konsentrasi HCl mendekati 0% sampai dengan asam klorida berasap 40% HCl<sup id="cite_ref-crc_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crc-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perry_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aspen_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aspen-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <center> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="background:white; border-collapse:collapse; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; margin-top:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ffdead; text-align:center;"> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Konsentrasi" title="Konsentrasi">Konsentrasi</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Massa jenis</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Molaritas" title="Molaritas">Molaritas</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Viskositas" class="mw-redirect" title="Viskositas">Viskositas</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapasitas_kalor_jenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapasitas kalor jenis (halaman belum tersedia)">Kapasitas<br />kalor jenis</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap">Tekanan uap</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Titik_leleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Titik leleh">Titik leleh</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ffdead; text-align:center;"> <th>kg HCl/kg  </th> <th>kg HCl/m<sup>3</sup> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skala_Baum%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skala Baumé (halaman belum tersedia)">Baumé</a> </th> <th>kg/l </th> <th>mol/dm<sup>3</sup> </th> <th> </th> <th>mPa·s </th> <th>kJ/(kg·K) </th> <th>Pa </th> <th>°C </th> <th>°C </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td bgcolor="#ffdead">10%</td> <td>104,80</td> <td>6,6</td> <td>1,048</td> <td>2,87</td> <td> −0.5 </td> <td>1,16</td> <td>3,47</td> <td>0,527</td> <td>103</td> <td>−18 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td bgcolor="#ffdead">20%</td> <td>219,60</td> <td>13</td> <td>1,098</td> <td>6,02</td> <td>−0,8</td> <td>1,37</td> <td>2,99</td> <td>27,3</td> <td>108</td> <td>−59 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td bgcolor="#ffdead">30%</td> <td>344,70</td> <td>19</td> <td>1,149</td> <td>9,45</td> <td>−1,0</td> <td>1,70</td> <td>2,60</td> <td>1.410</td> <td>90</td> <td>−52 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td bgcolor="#ffdead">32%</td> <td>370,88</td> <td>20</td> <td>1,159</td> <td>10,17</td> <td>−1,0</td> <td>1,80</td> <td>2,55</td> <td>3.130</td> <td>84</td> <td>−43 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td bgcolor="#ffdead">34%</td> <td>397,46</td> <td>21</td> <td>1,169</td> <td>10,90</td> <td>−1,0</td> <td>1,90</td> <td>2,50</td> <td>6.733</td> <td>71</td> <td>−36 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td bgcolor="#ffdead">36%</td> <td>424,44</td> <td>22</td> <td>1,179</td> <td>11,64</td> <td>−1,1</td> <td>1,99</td> <td>2,46</td> <td>14.100</td> <td>61</td> <td>−30 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td bgcolor="#ffdead">38%</td> <td>451,82</td> <td>23</td> <td>1,189</td> <td>12,39</td> <td>−1,1</td> <td>2,10</td> <td>2,43</td> <td>28.000</td> <td>48</td> <td>−26 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11"><center>Suhu dan tekanan referensi untuk tabel di atas adalah 20 °C dan 1 atm (101,325 kPa).<br />Nilai tekanan uap diambil dari <i>International Critical Tables</i> dan merujuk pada total tekanan uap larutan.</center> </td></tr></tbody></table></center> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Phase_diagram_HCl_H2O_s_l.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Phase_diagram_HCl_H2O_s_l.PNG/220px-Phase_diagram_HCl_H2O_s_l.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Phase_diagram_HCl_H2O_s_l.PNG/330px-Phase_diagram_HCl_H2O_s_l.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Phase_diagram_HCl_H2O_s_l.PNG/440px-Phase_diagram_HCl_H2O_s_l.PNG 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Temperatur peleburan sebagai fungsi konsentrasi HCl dalam air<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Sifat fisik asam klorida, seperti titik <a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">didih</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">leleh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">rapat jenis</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>, tergantung pada konsentrasi atau <a href="/wiki/Molaritas" title="Molaritas">molaritas</a> HCl dalam larutan akuatik. Mereka berkisar dari konsentrasi yang sangat rendah mendekati 0% HCl hingga angka untuk asam klorida pekat berasap yaitu lebih dari 40% HCl.<sup id="cite_ref-perry_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perry-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aspen_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aspen-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asam klorida sebagai campuran dua bahan antara HCl dan H<sub>2</sub>O mempunyai titik didih-konstan azeotrop pada 20,2% HCl dan 108,6 °C (227 °F). Asam klorida memiliki empat titik eutektik kristalisasi-konstan, berada di antara kristal HCl·H<sub>2</sub>O (68% HCl), HCl·2H<sub>2</sub>O (51% HCl), HCl·3H<sub>2</sub>O (41% HCl), HCl·6H<sub>2</sub>O (25% HCl), dan es (0% HCl). Terdapat pula titik eutektik metastabil pada 24,8% antara es dan <a href="/wiki/Kristalisasi" title="Kristalisasi">kristalisasi</a> dari HCl·3H<sub>2</sub>O.<sup id="cite_ref-aspen_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aspen-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksi">Produksi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asam klorida dibuat dengan melarutkan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_klorida" title="Hidrogen klorida">hidrogen klorida</a> ke dalam air. Hidrogen klorida dapat dihasilkan melalui beberapa cara. Produksi skala besar asam klorida hampir selalu merupakan produk sampingan dari produksi industri senyawa kimia lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pasar_industri">Pasar industri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pasar industri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pasar industri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asam klorida diproduksi dalam bentuk larutan 38% HCl (pekat). Konsentrasi yang lebih besar daripada 40% dimungkinkan secara kimiawi, namun laju <a href="/wiki/Penguapan" title="Penguapan">penguapan</a> sangatlah tinggi, sehingga penyimpanan dan penanganannya harus dilakukan dengan ekstra hati-hati, misalnya dalam suhu dan tekanan rendah. Konsentrasi HCl yang paling optimal untuk transportasi dengan meminimalisasi kehilangan produk karena penguapan adalah 30% sampai dengan 34%. Konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi memerlukan penambahan tekanan dan pendinginan untuk mengurangi kehilangan akibat penguapan. Di Amerika Serikat, larutan antara 20% hingga 32% dijual sebagai asam muriatat. Kandungan asam klorida pada kebanyakan cairan pembersih umumnya berkisar antara 10% sampai dengan 12%.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cairan pembersih tersebut harus diencerkan terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan. </p><p>Produsen asam klorida terbesar di dunia adalah Perusahaan <a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical" title="Dow Chemical">Dow Chemical</a> dengan total produksi sebesar 2 juta ton per tahun (sebagai gas HCl), disusul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Gulf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia Gulf (halaman belum tersedia)">Georgia Gulf Corporation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tosoh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tosoh (halaman belum tersedia)">Tosoh Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akzo_Nobel" class="mw-redirect" title="Akzo Nobel">Akzo Nobel</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tessenderlo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tessenderlo (halaman belum tersedia)">Tessenderlo</a> dengan produksi masing-masing 0,5 hingga 1,5 Mt/tahun. Produksi HCl dunia diperkirakan sebesar 20 juta ton per tahun, dengan 3 juta ton berasal dari sintesis langsung, dan sisanya merupakan hasil dari produk sampingan sintesis organik. Total pasar dunia diperkirakan mencapai 5 Mt/tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asam klorida adalah asam anorganik kuat yang digunakan dalam berbagai proses industri seperti pengolahan logam. Aplikasi ini sering menentukan kualitas produk yang diperlukan.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengawetan_baja">Pengawetan baja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Pengawetan baja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengawetan baja"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salah satu aplikasi yang paling penting dari asam klorida yaitu dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengawetan_(logam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengawetan (logam) (halaman belum tersedia)">pengawetan</a> baja, untuk menghilangkan karat atau kerak <a href="/wiki/Besi_oksida" title="Besi oksida">oksida</a> dari besi atau baja sebelum pengolahan selanjutnya, seperti <a href="/wiki/Ekstrusi_(manufaktur)" title="Ekstrusi (manufaktur)">ekstrusi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolling_(manufaktur)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolling (manufaktur) (halaman belum tersedia)">rolling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galvanisasi" title="Galvanisasi">galvanisasi</a>, dan teknik lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G&E_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HCl berderajatkemurnian teknis dengan konsentrasi 18% adalah yang paling umum digunakan sebagai pengawet untuk pengawetan <a href="/wiki/Baja_karbon" title="Baja karbon">baja karbon</a>. </p> <dl><dd>Fe + Fe + 6HCl → 3FeCl + 3H</dd></dl> <p>Asam buangannya telah lama digunakan kembali sebagai larutan <a href="/wiki/Besi(II)_klorida" title="Besi(II) klorida">besi(II) klorida</a> (juga dikenal sebagai fero klorida), tetapi tingkat <a href="/wiki/Logam_berat" title="Logam berat">logam berat</a> yang tinggi dalam cairan pengawet telah menurun praktik ini. </p><p>Industri pengawetan baja telah mengembangkan proses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regenerasi_asam_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regenerasi asam klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">regenerasi asam klorida</a>, seperti roaster semprot atau proses regenerasi HCl fluida, yang memungkinkan pemulihan HCl dari limbah bekas pengawetannya. Proses regenerasi yang paling umum adalah proses pirohidrolisis, sesuai persamaan berikut:<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>4FeCl + 4H + O → 8HCl + 2Fe</dd></dl> <p>Dengan pemulihan asam bekas pengawetan, ditetapkanlah siklus asam tertutup.<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besi(III) oksida merupakan produk samping dari proses regenerasi yang berharga, dan dapat digunakan dalam berbagai industri sekunder.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Produksi_senyawa_organik">Produksi senyawa organik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi senyawa organik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi senyawa organik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penggunaan utama lain asam klorida adalah dalam produksi <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">senyawa organik</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Vinil_klorida" title="Vinil klorida">vinil klorida</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dikloroetana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dikloroetana (halaman belum tersedia)">dikloroetana</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a>. Ini adalah penggunaan yang pasti namun terbatas, mengkonsumsi secara lokal produk asam klorida yang tidak pernah sampai ke pasar terbuka. Senyawa <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">organik</a> lainnya yang diproduksi dengan asam klorida termasuk <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisphenol A">bisphenol A</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Polikarbonat" title="Polikarbonat">polikarbonat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbon_aktif" title="Karbon aktif">karbon aktif</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_askorbat" title="Asam askorbat">asam askorbat</a>, serta berbagai produk <a href="/wiki/Farmasi" title="Farmasi">farmasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>2CH=CH + 4HCl + <span class="chemf nowrap">O<sub>2</sub></span> → 2ClCH + H (dikloroetana melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksiklorinasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksiklorinasi (halaman belum tersedia)">oksiklorinasi</a>)</dd></dl> <dl><dd>kayu + HCl + panas → karbon aktif (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktivasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktivasi (halaman belum tersedia)">aktivasi kimia</a>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Produksi_senyawa_anorganik">Produksi senyawa anorganik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi senyawa anorganik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi senyawa anorganik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berbagai produk dapat diproduksi dengan asam klorida melalui <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_asam-basa" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaksi asam-basa">reaksi asam-basa</a> normal, menghasilkan senyawa <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_anorganik" title="Senyawa anorganik">anorganik</a>. Ini termasuk bahan kimia pengolahan air seperti <a href="/wiki/Besi(III)_klorida" title="Besi(III) klorida">besi(III) klorida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_klorohidrat" title="Aluminium klorohidrat">polialuminium klorida</a> (PAC). </p> <dl><dd>Fe + 6HCl → 2FeCl + 3H (besi(III) klorida dari <a href="/wiki/Magnetit" title="Magnetit">magnetit</a>)</dd></dl> <p>Baik besi(III) klorida dan PAC digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Flokulasi" title="Flokulasi">flokulan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Koagulasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Koagulasi">koagulan</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Pengolahan_limbah" title="Pengolahan limbah">pengolahan limbah</a>, produksi <a href="/wiki/Air_minum" title="Air minum">air minum</a>, dan produksi kertas. </p><p>Senyawa anorganik lain yang diproduksi dengan asam klorida termasuk <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_klorida" title="Kalsium klorida">kalsium klorida</a> untuk aplikasi jalan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikel(II)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikel(II) klorida (halaman belum tersedia)">nikel(II) klorida</a> untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektroplating&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektroplating (halaman belum tersedia)">elektroplating</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Seng_klorida" title="Seng klorida">seng klorida</a> untuk industri <a href="/wiki/Galvanisasi" title="Galvanisasi">galvanis</a> dan produksi <a href="/wiki/Baterai" class="mw-redirect" title="Baterai">baterai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>CaCO + 2HCl → CaCl + CO + H (kalsium klorida dari <a href="/wiki/Batugamping" class="mw-redirect" title="Batugamping">batu gamping</a>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengendali_pH_dan_netralisasi">Pengendali pH dan netralisasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Pengendali pH dan netralisasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pengendali pH dan netralisasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asam klorida dapat digunakan untuk mengatur keasaman (pH) larutan. </p> <dl><dd>OH + HCl → H + Cl</dd></dl> <p>Dalam industri yang menuntut kemurnian tinggi (makanan, farmasi, air minum), asam klorida berkualitas tinggi digunakan untuk mengontrol pH aliran air proses. Dalam industri yang tidak menuntut kualitas terlalu tinggi, asam klorida teknis cukup untuk menetralisir aliran limbah dan pengendalian pH kolam renang.<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regenerasi_penukar_ion">Regenerasi penukar ion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Regenerasi penukar ion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Regenerasi penukar ion"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asam klorida berkualitas tinggi digunakan dalam regenerasi <a href="/wiki/Resin_penukar_ion" title="Resin penukar ion">resin penukar ion</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pertukaran_ion" title="Pertukaran ion">Pertukaran kation</a> banyak digunakan untuk mengusir <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> seperti Na<sup>+</sup> dan Ca<sup>2+</sup> dari larutan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akuatik (halaman belum tersedia)">akuatiknya</a>, menghasilkan akua demineralisata. Asam ini digunakan untuk mencuci kation dari resin.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na<sup>+</sup> digantikan dengan H<sup>+</sup> dan Ca<sup>2+</sup> dengan 2 H<sup>+</sup>. </p><p>Penukar ion dan akua demineralisata digunakan dalam seluruh industri kimia, produksi air minum, dan sebagian besar industri pangan.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lain-lain">Lain-lain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Lain-lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lain-lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asam klorida digunakan untuk sejumlah besar aplikasi skala kecil, seperti pengolahan kulit, pemurnian garam dapur, pembersih rumah tangga,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan konstruksi bangunan.<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi">Produksi minyak</a> dapat dirangsang dengan menyuntikkan asam klorida ke dalam formasi batuan sumur minyak, melarutkan sebagian dari batu, dan menciptakan struktur berpori besar. Pengasaman sumur minyak adalah proses umum dalam industri produksi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minyak_Laut_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minyak Laut Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">minyak Laut Utara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asam klorida telah digunakan untuk melarutkan kalsium karbonat, yaitu hal-hal seperti membersihkan kerak pada ketel dan untuk membersihkan lumpang pada pembuatan bata. Namun, ini merupakan cairan berbahaya yang harus digunakan dengan hati-hati. Ketika digunakan pada pembuatan bata reaksi dengan mortar hanya berlangsung sampai semua asam habis dikonversi, menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_klorida" title="Kalsium klorida">kalsium klorida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a>, dan air: </p> <dl><dd>2HCl + CaCO → CaCl + CO + H</dd></dl> <p>Banyak reaksi kimia yang melibatkan asam klorida diterapkan dalam produksi makanan, bahan makanan, dan <a href="/wiki/Aditif_makanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aditif makanan">aditif makanan</a>. Produk khusus termasuk <a href="/wiki/Aspartam" title="Aspartam">aspartam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_sitrat" title="Asam sitrat">asam sitrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisin" title="Lisin">lisin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_nabati_terhidrolisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein nabati terhidrolisis (halaman belum tersedia)">protein nabati terhidrolisis</a> sebagai pengaya makanan, dan dalam produksi <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a>. Asam klorida food grade (ekstra-murni) dapat ditambahkan pada produk akhir bila diperlukan.<sup id="cite_ref-ceh_7-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G&E_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keberadaan_dalam_organisme_hidup">Keberadaan dalam organisme hidup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Keberadaan dalam organisme hidup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keberadaan dalam organisme hidup"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Stomach_mucosal_layer_labeled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Stomach_mucosal_layer_labeled.svg/209px-Stomach_mucosal_layer_labeled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="209" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Stomach_mucosal_layer_labeled.svg/314px-Stomach_mucosal_layer_labeled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Stomach_mucosal_layer_labeled.svg/418px-Stomach_mucosal_layer_labeled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Diagram <a href="/wiki/Membran_mukosa" title="Membran mukosa">membran mukosa</a> alkalis dalam lambung dengan mekanisme pertahanan mukosal</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Asam_lambung" title="Asam lambung">Asam lambung</a> merupakan salah satu sekresi utama lambung. Ia utamanya terdiri dari asam klorida dan mengasamkan kandungan perut hingga mencapai pH sekitar 1 sampai dengan 2.<sup id="cite_ref-maton_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maton-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ion klorida (Cl<sup>−</sup>) dan hidrogen (H<sup>+</sup>) disekresikan secara terpisah di bagian fundus perut yang berada di bagian teratas lambung oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel_parietal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sel parietal (halaman belum tersedia)">sel parietal</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukosa_lambung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukosa lambung (halaman belum tersedia)">mukosa lambung</a> ke dalam jaringan sekretori kanalikulus sebelum memasuki lumen perut.<sup id="cite_ref-arthur_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arthur-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Asam lambung berfungsi untuk membantu pencernaan makanan dan mencegah <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme">mikroorganisme</a> masuk lebih jauh ke dalam usus. pH asam lambung yang rendah akan mendenaturasi <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, sehingga akan lebih mudah dicerna oleh <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzim</a> <a href="/wiki/Pepsin" title="Pepsin">pepsin</a>. pH yang rendah ini juga akan mengaktivasi prekursor enzim <a href="/wiki/Pepsinogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepsinogen">pepsinogen</a>. Setelah meninggalkan lambung, asam klorida dalam kim akan dinetralkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Natrium_bikarbonat" title="Natrium bikarbonat">natrium bikarbonat</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Usus_dua_belas_jari" title="Usus dua belas jari">usus dua belas jari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-maton_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maton-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lambung itu sendiri terlindung dari asam kuat oleh sekresi lapisan <a href="/wiki/Mukosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukosa">mukosa</a> yang tebal dan penyanggaan oleh <a href="/wiki/Natrium_bikarbonat" title="Natrium bikarbonat">natrium bikarbonat</a> yang diinduksi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekretin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekretin (halaman belum tersedia)">sekretin</a>. Nyeri ulu hati dan sakit maag dapat berkembang apabila mekanisme perlindungan ini gagal bekerja. Obat-obat <a href="/wiki/Antagonis_H2" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonis H2">antagonis H2</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penghambat_pompa_proton" title="Penghambat pompa proton">penghambat pompa proton</a> dapat menghambat produksi asam dalam lambung, dan <a href="/wiki/Antasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Antasid">antasid</a> digunakan untuk menetralkan asam yang ada.<sup id="cite_ref-maton_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maton-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keselamatan">Keselamatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Keselamatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keselamatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0 0.5em; border-collapse:collapse; border-color:#c0c090;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Tanda bahaya </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Dangclass8.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tanda bahaya untuk asam klorida: korosif"><img alt="Tanda bahaya untuk asam klorida: korosif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dangclass8.png/100px-Dangclass8.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dangclass8.png/150px-Dangclass8.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dangclass8.png/200px-Dangclass8.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="432" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hazard_C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tanda bahaya untuk asam klorida: korosif"><img alt="Tanda bahaya untuk asam klorida: korosif" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/100px-Hazard_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/150px-Hazard_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/200px-Hazard_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>   </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Konsentrasi<br />berdasarkan berat </th> <th>Klasifikasi<sup id="cite_ref-67/548/eec_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67/548/eec-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_huruf_R" title="Kategori:Templat huruf R">Huruf R</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>10–25% </td> <td>Iritan (<b>Xi</b>) </td> <td><span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="R36/37/38: Iritasi mata, sistem pernapasan dan kulit">R36/37/38</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>> 25% </td> <td>Korosif (<b>C</b>) </td> <td><span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="Menyebabkan luka bakar">R34</span> <span class="abbr" style="color: blue; border-bottom: 1px dotted blue" title="R37: Menyebabkan iritasi pada sistem pernafasan">R37</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Asam klorida pekat (asam klorida berasap) akan membentuk kabut asam. Baik kabut dan larutan tersebut bersifat korosif terhadap jaringan tubuh, dengan potensi kerusakan pada organ pernapasan, mata, kulit, dan usus. Seketika asam klorida bercampur dengan bahan kimia oksidator lainnya, seperti <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hipoklorit" title="Natrium hipoklorit">natrium hipoklorit</a> (pemutih NaClO) atau <a href="/wiki/Kalium_permanganat" title="Kalium permanganat">kalium permanganat</a> (KMnO<sub>4</sub>), gas beracun <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a> akan terbentuk. </p> <dl><dd>NaClO + 2HCl → H + NaCl + Cl</dd> <dd>KMnO + 16HCl → 2MnCl + 8H + 2KCl + 5Cl</dd> <dd>PbO + 4HCl → 2H + PbCl + Cl</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Alat_pelindung_diri" title="Alat pelindung diri">Alat-alat pelindung</a> seperti sarung tangan PVC atau karet, pelindung mata, dan pakaian pelindung haruslah digunakan ketika menangani asam klorida.<sup id="cite_ref-wvd04_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wvd04-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahaya larutan asam klorida bergantung pada konsentrasi larutannya. <a href="/wiki/Badan_Perlindungan_Lingkungan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat">Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat</a> memasukkan asam klorida sebagai <a href="/wiki/Toksisitas" title="Toksisitas">zat beracun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tabel di bawah ini merupakan klasifikasi bahaya larutan asam klorida Uni Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-67/548/eec_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67/548/eec-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nomor_UN" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomor UN">Nomor UN</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Transportasi_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Departemen Transportasi Amerika Serikat">DOT</a> adalah 1789. Nomor ini dicantumkan pada plakat di peti kemas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klorida" title="Klorida">Klorida</a> garam anorganik dari asam klorida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidroklorida" title="Hidroklorida">Hidroklorida</a> garam organik dari asam klorida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_regia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqua regia">Aqua regia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_L._Jolly1984" class="citation">William L. Jolly (1984), <i>Modern Inorganic Chemistry</i>, McGraw-Hill, hlm. 177</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1984&rft.au=William+L.+Jolly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101015233337/http://bayermaterialsciencenafta.com/products/index.cfm?mode=grades&pp_num=EB7C4476-A4F6-7AE6-7CD78F4E6C60AA44&o_num=3">"Hydrochloric acid"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com/products/index.cfm?mode=grades&pp_num=EB7C4476-A4F6-7AE6-7CD78F4E6C60AA44&o_num=3">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hydrochloric+acid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com%2Fproducts%2Findex.cfm%3Fmode%3Dgrades%26pp_num%3DEB7C4476-A4F6-7AE6-7CD78F4E6C60AA44%26o_num%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppg.com/chemicals/chloralkali/Documents/english/MuriaticAcid.pdf">Muriatic Acid</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702030125/http://www.ppg.com/chemicals/chloralkali/documents/english/muriaticacid.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-07-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." (pdf). <a href="/wiki/PPG_Industries" title="PPG Industries">PPG Industries</a>. 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gay-Lussac (1814) "Mémoire sur l'iode" (Memoir on iodine), <i>Annales de Chemie</i>, <b>91</b> : 5-160. From page 9: <i>" … mais pour les distinguer, je propose d'ajouter au mot spécifique de l'acide que l'on considère, le mot générique de</i> hydro <i>; de sorte que le combinaisons acide de hydrogène avec le chlore, l'iode, et le soufre porteraient le nom d'acide hydrochlorique, d'acide hydroiodique, et d'acide hydrosulfurique ; … "</i> ( … but in order to distinguish them, I propose to add to the specific suffix of the acid being considered, the general prefix <i>hydro</i>, so that the acidic combinations of hydrogen with chlorine, iodine, and sulfur will bear the name hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, and hydrosulfuric acid ; … )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBauer,_Hugo2009" class="citation">Bauer, Hugo (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=8-w-izdgp4IC&lpg=PA30"><i>A history of chemistry</i></a>, BiblioBazaar, LLC., hlm. 31, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-103-35786-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-103-35786-4">978-1-103-35786-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+chemistry&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar%2C+LLC.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-103-35786-4&rft.au=Bauer%2C+Hugo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D8-w-izdgp4IC%26lpg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKarpenko,_V.Norris,_J.A.2001" class="citation">Karpenko, V.; Norris, J.A. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemicke-listy.cz/docs/full/2002_12_05.pdf">"Vitriol in the history of chemistry"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Chem. Listy</i>, <b>96</b>: 997</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Listy&rft.atitle=Vitriol+in+the+history+of+chemistry&rft.volume=96&rft.pages=997&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Karpenko%2C+V.&rft.au=Norris%2C+J.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemicke-listy.cz%2Fdocs%2Ffull%2F2002_12_05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ceh-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceh_7-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Hydrochloric Acid". <i>Chemicals Economics Handbook</i>. <a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>. 2001. hlm. p. 733.4000A–733.3003F.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hydrochloric+Acid&rft.btitle=Chemicals+Economics+Handbook&rft.pages=p.+733.4000A-733.3003F&rft.pub=SRI+International&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNorton,_S2008" class="citation">Norton, S (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://molinterv.aspetjournals.org/content/8/3/120.full.pdf+html">"A Brief History of Potable Gold"</a>, <i>Molecular Interventions</i>, <b>8</b> (3): 120–3, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1124%2Fmi.8.3.1">10.1124/mi.8.3.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18693188">18693188</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Interventions&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Potable+Gold&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=120-3&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1124%2Fmi.8.3.1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18693188&rft.au=Norton%2C+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmolinterv.aspetjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F120.full.pdf%2Bhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThompson,_C.J.S.2002" class="citation">Thompson, C.J.S. 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(2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=a4DuGVwyN6cC&lpg=PA141&dq=geber%20hydrochloric%20acid&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q=geber%20hydrochloric%20acid"><i>The 100 most important chemical compounds: a reference guide</i></a>, Greenwood Publishing Group, hlm. 141, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-313-33758-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-313-33758-1">978-0-313-33758-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100+most+important+chemical+compounds%3A+a+reference+guide&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33758-1&rft.au=Myers%2C+R.L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Da4DuGVwyN6cC%26lpg%3DPA141%26dq%3Dgeber%2520hydrochloric%2520acid%26pg%3DPA141%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dgeber%2520hydrochloric%2520acid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDatta,_N.C.2005" class="citation">Datta, N.C. (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=IIZkAvdFJhMC&lpg=PA40&dq=geber%20hydrochloric%20acid&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q=geber%20hydrochloric%20acid"><i>The story of chemistry</i></a>, Universities Press, hlm. 40, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-7371-530-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-7371-530-3">978-81-7371-530-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+story+of+chemistry&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Universities+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7371-530-3&rft.au=Datta%2C+N.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DIIZkAvdFJhMC%26lpg%3DPA40%26dq%3Dgeber%2520hydrochloric%2520acid%26pg%3DPA40%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dgeber%2520hydrochloric%2520acid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPereira,_Jonathan1854" class="citation">Pereira, Jonathan (1854), <i>The elements of materia medica and therapeutics, Volume 1.</i>, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, hlm. 387</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+elements+of+materia+medica+and+therapeutics%2C+Volume+1.&rft.pages=387&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+and+Longmans&rft.date=1854&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wvd04-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wvd04_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wvd04_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wvd04_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wvd04_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wvd04_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Van Dorst, W.C.A. (2004). <i>Technical product brochure Hydrochloric Acid</i> (edisi ke-public document). <a href="/wiki/Amersfoort" title="Amersfoort">Amersfoort</a>: <a href="/wiki/AkzoNobel" title="AkzoNobel">Akzo Nobel Base Chemicals</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technical+product+brochure+Hydrochloric+Acid&rft.place=Amersfoort&rft.edition=public+document&rft.pub=Akzo+Nobel+Base+Chemicals&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Van+Dorst&rft.aufirst=W.C.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leicester-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leicester_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leicester_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leicester_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Leicester, Henry Marshall (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicalbackgr0000leic"><i>The historical background of chemistry</i></a>. New York: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-486-61053-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-486-61053-5">0-486-61053-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+historical+background+of+chemistry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-486-61053-5&rft.aulast=Leicester&rft.aufirst=Henry+Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricalbackgr0000leic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Priestley (1772) "Observations on different kinds of air [i.e., gases]," <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>, <b>62</b> : 147-264 ; see especially: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=aBxWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA234#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Of an air procured by means of spirit of salt," pp. 234-244</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humphry Davy (1808) "Electro-chemical researches, on the decomposition of the earths; with observations on the metals obtained from the alkaline earths, and on the amalgam procured from ammonia,"<i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>, <b>98</b> : 333-370. From page 343: "When potassium was heated in muriatic acid gas [i.e., gaseous hydrogen chloride], as dry as it could be obtained by common chemical means, there was a violent chemical action with ignition; and when the potassium was in sufficient quantity, the muriatic acid gas wholly disappeared, and from one-third to one-fourth of its volume of hydrogene was evolved, and muriate of potash [i.e., potassium chloride] was formed." (The reaction was: 2HCl + 2K → 2KCl + H<sub>2</sub> .)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aftalion-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aftalion_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aftalion_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Aftalion, Fred (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofinterna0000afta"><i>A History of the International Chemical Industry</i></a>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8122-1297-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8122-1297-5">0-8122-1297-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+International+Chemical+Industry&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8122-1297-5&rft.aulast=Aftalion&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofinterna0000afta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G&E-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G&E_19-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwood,_Norman_N.;_Earnshaw,_A.1997" class="citation">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (edisi ke-2), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, hlm. 946–48, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7506-3365-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7506-3365-4">0-7506-3365-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=946-48&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7506-3365-4&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Norman+N.%3B+Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-incb-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-incb_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227224025/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/red.pdf">"List of precursors and chemicals frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and pychotropic substances under international control"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (edisi ke-Eleventh Edition). <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Narcotics_Control_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Narcotics Control Board (halaman belum tersedia)">International Narcotics Control Board</a>. 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/red.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2008-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+precursors+and+chemicals+frequently+used+in+the+illicit+manufacture+of+narcotic+drugs+and+pychotropic+substances+under+international+control&rft.edition=Eleventh+Edition&rft.pub=International+Narcotics+Control+Board&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.incb.org%2Fpdf%2Fe%2Flist%2Fred.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Situs <a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengawas_Keuangan_dan_Pembangunan" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Pengawas Keuangan dan Pembangunan">Badan Pengawas Keuangan dan Pembangunan</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpkp.go.id/unit/hukum/uu/1997/07-97.pdf">Undang-Undang Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pengesahan United Nations Conventions Against Illicit Traffic In Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Tentang Pemberantasan Peredaran Gelap Narkotika dan Psikotropika, 1988)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crc-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crc_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lide, David (1980–1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche81lide"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> (edisi ke-61st). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.edition=61st&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1980%2F1981&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche81lide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perry-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perry_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-perry_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Perry, R (1984). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perry%27s_Chemical_Engineers%27_Handbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (halaman belum tersedia)">Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook</a></i> (edisi ke-6th). <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a> Book Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-07-049479-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-07-049479-7">0-07-049479-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perry%27s+Chemical+Engineers%27+Handbook&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Book+Company&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-07-049479-7&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chembuddy-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chembuddy_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chembuddy.com/?left=BATE&right=dissociation_constants">"Dissociation constants pKa and pKb"</a>. ChemBuddy.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dissociation+constants+pKa+and+pKb&rft.pub=ChemBuddy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chembuddy.com%2F%3Fleft%3DBATE%26right%3Ddissociation_constants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMendham,_J.;_Denney,_R._C.;_Barnes,_J._D.;_Thomas,_M.J.K.;_Denney,_R._C.;_Thomas,_M._J._K.2000" class="citation">Mendham, J.; Denney, R. C.; Barnes, J. D.; Thomas, M.J.K.; Denney, R. C.; Thomas, M. J. K. (2000), <i>Vogel's Quantitative Chemical Analysis</i> (edisi ke-6th), New York: Prentice Hall, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-582-22628-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-582-22628-7">0-582-22628-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vogel%27s+Quantitative+Chemical+Analysis&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-582-22628-7&rft.au=Mendham%2C+J.%3B+Denney%2C+R.+C.%3B+Barnes%2C+J.+D.%3B+Thomas%2C+M.J.K.%3B+Denney%2C+R.+C.%3B+Thomas%2C+M.+J.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aspen-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aspen_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aspen_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aspen_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i>Aspen Properties</i>, binary mixtures modeling software (edisi ke-calculations by Akzo Nobel Engineering), Aspen Technology, 2002–2003</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspen+Properties&rft.series=binary+mixtures+modeling+software&rft.edition=calculations+by+Akzo+Nobel+Engineering&rft.pub=Aspen+Technology&rft.date=2002%2F2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Systemnummer 6 Chlor". <i>Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</i>. Chemie Berlin. 1927.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Systemnummer+6+Chlor&rft.btitle=Gmelins+Handbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pub=Chemie+Berlin&rft.date=1927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Systemnummer 6 Chlor, Ergänzungsband Teil B – Lieferung 1". <i>Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</i>. Chemie Weinheim. 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Systemnummer+6+Chlor%2C+Erg%C3%A4nzungsband+Teil+B+%E2%80%93+Lieferung+1&rft.btitle=Gmelins+Handbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pub=Chemie+Weinheim&rft.date=1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLide2000" class="citation">Lide, David (2000), <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i> (edisi ke-81st), CRC Press., <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0481-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0481-4">0-8493-0481-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.edition=81st&rft.pub=CRC+Press.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8493-0481-4&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSimhon,_Rachel2003" class="citation">Simhon, Rachel (13 September 2003), "Household plc: really filthy bathroom", <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>, London</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Household+plc%3A+really+filthy+bathroom&rft.date=2003-09-13&rft.au=Simhon%2C+Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> membutuhkan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#accessdate_missing_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maton-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maton_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maton_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maton_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Maton, Anthea (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanbiologyheal00scho"><i>Human Biology and Health</i></a>. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-13-981176-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-13-981176-1">0-13-981176-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Biology+and+Health&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+New+Jersey%2C+USA&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-13-981176-1&rft.aulast=Maton&rft.aufirst=Anthea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanbiologyheal00scho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arthur-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arthur_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Arthur, C. (<a href="/w/index.php?title=2000-08-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000-08-15 (halaman belum tersedia)">2000-08-15</a>). <i>Textbook of Medical Physiology</i> (edisi ke-10th). W.B. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saunders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saunders (halaman belum tersedia)">Saunders</a> Company. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7216-8677-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7216-8677-X">0-7216-8677-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+Medical+Physiology&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=W.B.+Saunders+Company&rft.isbn=0-7216-8677-X&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">R. Bowen (18 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/gi/secretin.html">" "Control and Physiologic Effects of Secretin"</a>. Colorado State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Control+and+Physiologic+Effects+of+Secretin&rft.pub=Colorado+State+University&rft.date=2003-03-18&rft.au=R.+Bowen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vivo.colostate.edu%2Fhbooks%2Fpathphys%2Fendocrine%2Fgi%2Fsecretin.html%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67/548/eec-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-67/548/eec_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-67/548/eec_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31967L0548:EN:HTML">"Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances"</a>. EUR-lex<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+Directive+67%2F548%2FEEC+of+27+June+1967+on+the+approximation+of+laws%2C+regulations+and+administrative+provisions+relating+to+the+classification%2C+packaging+and+labelling+of+dangerous+substances&rft.pub=EUR-lex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A31967L0548%3AEN%3AHTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090901192116/http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/summary.tcl?edf_substance_id=7647-01-0">"HCl score card"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/summary.tcl?edf_substance_id=7647-01-0">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HCl+score+card&rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scorecard.org%2Fchemical-profiles%2Fsummary.tcl%3Fedf_substance_id%3D7647-01-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAsam+klorida" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydrochloric_acid" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hydrochloric acid"><span style="">Asam klorida</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chembuddy.com/?left=CASC&right=density_tables">Density table for hydrochloric acid</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/">NIST WebBook, general link</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Informasi keselamatan umum</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/hydrochl.html">EPA Hazard Summary</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanbio.com/MSDS_PDF/AB00830.pdf">Hydrochloric acid MSDS by American Bioanalytical</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707132346/http://www.americanbio.com/MSDS_PDF/AB00830.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grover.mirc.gatech.edu/data/msds/50.html">Hydrochloric acid MSDS by Georgia Institute of Technology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030818121338/http://grover.mirc.gatech.edu/data/msds/50.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2003-08-18 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Informasi polusi</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/48.html">National Pollutant Inventory - Hydrochloric Acid Fact Sheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011143520/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/48.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-10-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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