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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_annexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_annexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Articles annexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_annexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Miniature (enluminure)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 39 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchmalerei" title="Buchmalerei – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Buchmalerei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A9" title="منمنمة – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منمنمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatura" title="Miniatura – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Miniatura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniat%C3%BCr_s%C9%99n%C9%99ti" title="Miniatür sənəti – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Miniatür sənəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مینیاتور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مینیاتور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мініяцюра – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мініяцюра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Миниатюра – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Миниатюра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minijatura" title="Minijatura – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Minijatura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatura" title="Miniatura – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miniatura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iluminace" title="Iluminace – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Iluminace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatur" title="Miniatur – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Miniatur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchmalerei" title="Buchmalerei – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buchmalerei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyatur" title="Minyatur – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Minyatur" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript) – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libropentra%C4%B5o" title="Libropentraĵo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Libropentraĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatura" title="Miniatura – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miniatura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatuur" title="Miniatuur – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Miniatuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatura" title="Miniatura – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Miniatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%AA%D8%B0%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A8)" title="مینیاتور (تذهیب) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مینیاتور (تذهیب)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minijatura_(kiparstvo)" title="Minijatura (kiparstvo) – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Minijatura (kiparstvo)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մանրանկարչություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանրանկարչություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatur_(naskah_beriluminasi)" title="Miniatur (naskah beriluminasi) – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Miniatur (naskah beriluminasi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatura" title="Miniatura – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miniatura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ミニアチュール – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミニアチュール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Миниатюра – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Миниатюра" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%B0%80%ED%99%94" title="세밀화 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세밀화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Перс живописи – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Перс живописи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuta_tabula" title="Minuta tabula – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Minuta tabula" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniati%C5%ABra" title="Miniatiūra – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miniatiūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatyrmaleri" title="Miniatyrmaleri – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Miniatyrmaleri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatura_(iluminura)" title="Miniatura (iluminura) – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miniatura (iluminura)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatur%C4%83" title="Miniatură – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miniatură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Миниатюра – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миниатюра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minijatura_(iluminirani_rukopis)" title="Minijatura (iluminirani rukopis) – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Minijatura (iluminirani rukopis)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minijatura_(iluminirani_rukopis)" title="Minijatura (iluminirani rukopis) – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Minijatura (iluminirani rukopis)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3" title="จุลจิตรกรรมในเอกสารตัวเขียนสีวิจิตร – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จุลจิตรกรรมในเอกสารตัวเขียนสีวิจิตร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyat%C3%BCr" title="Minyatür – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Minyatür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81)" title="Мініатюра (живопис) – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мініатюра (живопис)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatyura" title="Miniatyura – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Miniatyura" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8362#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" 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<a href="/wiki/Miniature" class="mw-disambig" title="Miniature">Miniature</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:David_face.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/David_face.png/39px-David_face.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/David_face.png/58px-David_face.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/David_face.png/77px-David_face.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant l’<a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_Janvier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_Janvier.jpg/170px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_Janvier.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_Janvier.jpg/255px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_Janvier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_Janvier.jpg/340px-Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_Janvier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A8res_de_Limbourg" title="Frères de Limbourg">Frères de Limbourg</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry" title="Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry">Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry</a></i>, mois de janvier, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Cond%C3%A9" title="Musée Condé">musée Condé</a>, Chantilly, ms.65, f.1v, vers 1411-1416.</figcaption></figure> <p>Une <b>miniature</b> désigne une <a href="/wiki/Peinture" class="mw-disambig" title="Peinture">peinture</a> figurée indépendante, non attachée à une initiale, servant à <a href="/wiki/Enluminure" title="Enluminure">enluminer</a> un livre, généralement <a href="/wiki/Manuscrit" title="Manuscrit">manuscrit</a> et destinée à illustrer le texte. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2></div> <p>Le mot miniature vient du latin <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">miniare</span></i> qui signifie écrire au minium. Au <a href="/wiki/Moyen_%C3%82ge" title="Moyen Âge">Moyen Âge</a>, le calligraphe qui utilisait cet oxyde était appelé <i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">miniator</span></i>, en latin. Lorsque cette pratique s'est développée avec l'emploi de l'or et de l'argent dans les pigments, cet art devient celui de l'<a href="/wiki/Enluminure" title="Enluminure">enluminure</a>. Le miniateur devient un enlumineur. Le <a href="/wiki/Minium" title="Minium">minium</a> est un oxyde de plomb servant de pigment rouge vermillon pour tracer les lettres sur les manuscrits enluminés. Par extension, la miniature a désigné l'image réalisée dans les livres avec minutie. Elle se distingue ainsi des <a href="/wiki/Lettrine" title="Lettrine">lettrines</a>, bas de page et autres décorations de marge. </p><p>Les premiers manuscrits enluminés sont des rouleaux de <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" class="mw-disambig" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> plus moins longs d’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Égypte antique">Égypte antique</a>. Le <i><a href="/wiki/Livre_des_morts_des_Anciens_%C3%89gyptiens" title="Livre des morts des Anciens Égyptiens">Livre des morts</a></i> datant d’environ 1275 av. J.-C., (aujourd'hui au <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>) fait 24 mètres, tandis que le <a href="/wiki/Canon_royal_de_Turin" title="Canon royal de Turin">papyrus de Turin</a>, (1290 av. J.-C.-1224 av. J.-C.), mesure environ 58 mètres. </p><p>Comme il reste peu de traces de l’ancienne décoration des papyrus de l’ère gréco-romaine, la reconstruction des origines de l’histoire de la décoration des textes écrits est toujours sujette à incertitude. On sait que les papyrus avaient la forme de rouleaux car ils devaient être déroulés peu à peu. Les illustrations n’étaient autres que de petites vignettes ou figures entrecoupant les colonnes de texte. Ces images soutenaient généralement les descriptions écrites ou la visualisation des épisodes racontés. En aucun cas, elles ne changeaient la pagination et la structure graphique du texte<sup id="cite_ref-D163_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D163-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. On connait certes quelques fragments de rouleaux de la période byzantine qui sembleraient des copies antiquisantes d’exemples classiques, où l’on observe une séquence d’illustrations accompagnées de brèves légendes. Dans ce dernier cas cependant, au lieu d’être intégrées au texte, les images le remplacent. </p><p>Selon les théories de <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weitzmann" title="Kurt Weitzmann">Kurt Weitzmann</a>, c’est le changement structurel des manuscrits, qui s’est produit entre le premier et le troisième siècle avec la passage du rouleau de papyrus au <a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a> de <a href="/wiki/Parchemin" title="Parchemin">parchemin</a> conduirait à une organisation différente du texte sur les pages, qui a jeté les bases du développement de l’illustration des manuscrits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-D163-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-D163_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">De Vecchi-Cerchiari, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, cit., <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 163.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Brown1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michelle_P._Brown1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michelle P. <span class="nom_auteur">Brown</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts. A Guide to Technical Terms</cite>, Malibu et Londres, J. Paul Getty Museum in association with the British Library, <time>1994</time>, 127 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780892362172" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780892362172"><span class="nowrap">9780892362172</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27Understanding+Illuminated+Manuscripts.+A+Guide+to+Technical+Terms%27%27&rft.place=Malibu+et+Londres&rft.pub=J.+Paul+Getty+Museum+in+association+with+the+British+Library&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michelle+P.&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+%28enluminure%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Muzerelle1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Denis_Muzerelle1985">Denis <span class="nom_auteur">Muzerelle</span>, <cite class="italique">Vocabulaire codicologique : répertoire méthodique des termes français relatifs aux manuscrits</cite>, Paris, éditions CEMI, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Rubricae » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1), <time>1985</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vocabulaire.irht.cnrs.fr/">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vocabulaire+codicologique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%A9ditions+CEMI&rft.stitle=r%C3%A9pertoire+m%C3%A9thodique+des+termes+fran%C3%A7ais+relatifs+aux+manuscrits&rft.aulast=Muzerelle&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+%28enluminure%29"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="De_Hamel1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christopher_De_Hamel1995">Christopher <span class="nom_auteur">De Hamel</span>, <cite class="italique">Une histoire des manuscrits enluminés</cite>, Londres, Phaidon, <time>1995</time>, 272 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780714890371" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780714890371"><span class="nowrap">9780714890371</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+histoire+des+manuscrits+enlumin%C3%A9s&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Phaidon&rft.aulast=De+Hamel&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=1995&rft.tpages=272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+%28enluminure%29"></span></span></span></li> <li>* <span class="ouvrage" id="De_VecchiCerchiari1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierluigi_De_VecchiElda_Cerchiari1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : italien">(it)</abbr> Pierluigi <span class="nom_auteur">De Vecchi</span> et Elda <span class="nom_auteur">Cerchiari</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="it">Arte nel tempo : Dalla preistoria alla tarda antichità</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Milan, Bompiani, <time>1996</time>, 299 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9788845042188" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9788845042188"><span class="nowrap">9788845042188</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arte+nel+tempo&rft.place=Milan&rft.pub=Bompiani&rft.stitle=Dalla+preistoria+alla+tarda+antichit%C3%A0&rft.aulast=De+Vecchi&rft.aufirst=Pierluigi&rft.au=Cerchiari%2C+Elda&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+%28enluminure%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="WaltherWolf2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ingo_WaltherNorbert_Wolf2005">Ingo <span class="nom_auteur">Walther</span> et Norbert <span class="nom_auteur">Wolf</span>, <cite class="italique">Codices illustres : les plus beaux manuscrits enluminés du monde, 400 à 1600</cite>, Paris, Taschen, <time>2005</time>, 504 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/382285963X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/382285963X"><span class="nowrap">382285963X</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">493-494</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Codices+illustres&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.stitle=les+plus+beaux+manuscrits+enlumin%C3%A9s+du+monde%2C+400+%C3%A0+1600&rft.aulast=Walther&rft.aufirst=Ingo&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Norbert&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=493-494&rft.tpages=504&rft.isbn=382285963X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+%28enluminure%29"></span></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_annexes">Articles annexes</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_persane" title="Miniature persane">Miniature persane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_arm%C3%A9nienne" title="Miniature arménienne">Miniature arménienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enluminure" title="Enluminure">Enluminure</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Enluminure" title="Portail de l’enluminure"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Initiale_E_-_Bibl._Mazarine_-_ms._1309_f13v.jpg/24px-Initiale_E_-_Bibl._Mazarine_-_ms._1309_f13v.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Initiale_E_-_Bibl._Mazarine_-_ms._1309_f13v.jpg/36px-Initiale_E_-_Bibl._Mazarine_-_ms._1309_f13v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Initiale_E_-_Bibl._Mazarine_-_ms._1309_f13v.jpg/48px-Initiale_E_-_Bibl._Mazarine_-_ms._1309_f13v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="214" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Enluminure" title="Portail:Enluminure">Portail de l’enluminure</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miniature_(enluminure)&oldid=104549557">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miniature_(enluminure)&oldid=104549557</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Enluminure_par_type" title="Catégorie:Enluminure par type">Enluminure par type</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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