Investigating Organoids and Spheroids as 3D Culture Systems

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Investigating Organoids and Spheroids as 3D Culture Systems</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://oxfordglobal.com/hubfs/OXFORD_GLOBAL-LOGO_SYMBOL.jpg"> <meta name="description" content="3D culture systems such as organoids and spheroids have their own strengths and weaknesses relative to microfluidic organ models."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="og:description" content="3D culture systems such as organoids and spheroids have their own strengths and weaknesses relative to microfluidic organ models."> <meta property="og:title" content="Investigating Organoids and Spheroids as 3D Culture Systems"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="3D culture systems such as organoids and spheroids have their own strengths and weaknesses relative to microfluidic organ models."> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Investigating Organoids and Spheroids as 3D Culture Systems"> <style> a.cta_button{-moz-box-sizing:content-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box !important;box-sizing:content-box !important;vertical-align:middle}.hs-breadcrumb-menu{list-style-type:none;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}.hs-breadcrumb-menu-item{float:left;padding:10px 0px 10px 10px}.hs-breadcrumb-menu-divider:before{content:'›';padding-left:10px}.hs-featured-image-link{border:0}.hs-featured-image{float:right;margin:0 0 20px 20px;max-width:50%}@media (max-width: 568px){.hs-featured-image{float:none;margin:0;width:100%;max-width:100%}}.hs-screen-reader-text{clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute !important;width:1px} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://oxfordglobal.com/hs-fs/hubfs/hub_generated/template_assets/1/135726131582/1735927837648/template_main.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.oxfordglobal.com/fontawesome/6.5.1/css/fontawesome.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.oxfordglobal.com/fontawesome/6.5.1/css/brands.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.oxfordglobal.com/fontawesome/6.5.1/css/solid.min.css">  <style id="hs_editor_style" type="text/css"> #hs_cos_wrapper_module_17019620504109 { display: block !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important } </style>  <script> var _hsp = window._hsp = window._hsp || []; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} var useGoogleConsentModeV2 = true; var waitForUpdateMillis = 1000; if (!window._hsGoogleConsentRunOnce) { window._hsGoogleConsentRunOnce = true; gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': waitForUpdateMillis }); if (useGoogleConsentModeV2) { _hsp.push(['useGoogleConsentModeV2']) } else { _hsp.push(['addPrivacyConsentListener', function(consent){ var hasAnalyticsConsent = consent && (consent.allowed || (consent.categories && consent.categories.analytics)); var hasAdsConsent = consent && (consent.allowed || (consent.categories && consent.categories.advertisement)); gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_storage': hasAdsConsent ? 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class="resource-single"> <div class="header bg-primary-light"> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="wide-container header-container"> <div class="header-content flex-1"> <div class="heading-smallcaps"> 3D Cell Culture | Industry Spotlights & Insight Articles </div> <h1 class="heading"> Investigating Organoids and Spheroids as 3D Culture Systems </h1> <div class="byline"> Edited by Ben Norris | 18 October 2023 </div> <div class="abstract"> 3D models like organoids, spheroids, and organ-on-chip systems recreate human organ architecture and physiology, aiding research, drug development, and disease modelling. </div> </div> <div class="header-graphic flex-1"> <img src="https://oxfordglobal.com/hubfs/Website/Images/Resources/Cell%20and%20Gene/Investigating-Organoids-and-Spheroids-as-3D-Culture-Systems.jpg" class="header-graphic-image"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-wrapper"> <div class="wide-container"> <div class="content"> <div class="content-body text-gap">  <p>3D culture systems, such as organoid models, spheroid models, and organ-on-chip models, have in various ways allowed for the recreation of the architecture and physiology of human organs.</p>   <p>Historically, advances in biological research have relied considerably on animal models, which have posed challenges specific to improving on understandings of human biology and disease. </p>   <p>Alternative approaches like human organoids – stem cell-derived 3D culture systems – have facilitated the recreation of the architecture and physiology of human organs. </p>   <p>These models can be used to study diseases and genetic disorders, as well as for assessing the response of human tissue to novel drugs and therapeutics. </p>   <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-organoids-and-spheroids-as-3d-culture-systems"><strong>Organoids and Spheroids as 3D Culture Systems</strong></h2>   <p>In the context of 3D cell cultures, organoids and spheroids are two sides of the same coin. </p>   <p>Cells established from a patient tumour have several similarities to the original tumour tissue, which confers advantages in conducting basic and clinical cancer research. </p>   <p>Spheroids – round cellular units cultured as free-floating aggregates – are of a lower structural complexity than organoids, but represent a simple and popular model for drug screening.</p>   <ul> <li><strong>Related:</strong> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/cell/resources/cardiff-university-builds-lego-3d-bioprinter-capable-of-synthesising-human-skin-makes-blueprints-open-access/">Cardiff University builds Lego 3D bioprinter and makes blueprints open access</a></li> </ul>   <p></p>   <p>The applications of spheroids and organoid culture models can overlap, differing with regard to the sources of tumour cells.</p>   <p>Organ-on-chip models complement organoid and spheroid models, allowing for a replication of the critical physiological environment and functions of human organs.  </p>   <p>All three approaches show great potential in simulating the human environment without the disruption associated with other diagnostic approaches such as tissue biopsy. </p>   <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-applications-of-3d-model-approaches"><strong>Applications of 3D Model Approaches</strong></h2>   <p>Some of the main applications of 3D cell models are in the preclinical stages of drug development, where they can function as a mock cellular system.  </p>   <p>Most potential drugs are eliminated due to adverse reactions in the clinic; animal models, meanwhile, do not accurately predict how drugs will react in humans. </p>   <p>Microfluidic organ models are useful in assisting the drug design process, which can greatly improve the credibility of <em>in vitro </em>drug screening.</p>   <p>As organoid models and cell cultures are derived from a range of organs and tissues, they can be cultured to recreate a specific cellular environment.</p>   <ul> <li><strong>Related:</strong> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/cell/resources/3d-cell-cultures-from-disease-modelling-to-toxicology/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Uses of 3D culture systems in disease modelling and toxicology</a></li> </ul>   <p></p>   <p>This diversity in starting material lends itself to a multitude of applications, including in disease modelling, drug screening, toxicity assays, and biobanking.</p>   <p>Cells from specific disease and cancer donors can be isolated to enable the development of a suitable response, opening up the possibilities for their use in personalised medicine.</p>   <p>Spheroid model applications include monitoring the physicochemical environment. </p>   <p>Broadly speaking, three-dimensional cultures enhance the applicability of stem cells by increasing the efficiency of the culture the cells are contained within. </p>   <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nuances-and-limitations-with-3d-cell-models"><strong>Nuances and Limitations with 3D Cell Models</strong></h2>   <p>With regard to spheroid models, the lack of a vascular system can be a constraint as the cells keep growing. </p>   <p>Hypoxia and necrosis can result in the spheroid cell centre on account of the limited concentration of oxygen at its core. </p>   <p>However, this limitation offers a utility of its own, as the form of spheroids makes them particularly suited for studying cancer – particularly tumour signalling pathways and structures.</p>   <ul> <li><strong>Related:</strong> <a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/cell/resources/3d-cell-model-approaches-for-disease-monitoring-and-detection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Disease modelling and detection approaches that benefit from 3D culture systems</a></li> </ul>   <p></p>   <p>Overall, three-dimensional cultures enhance the applicability of stem cells by increasing the efficiency of the culture within which they're contained.</p>   <p>Spheroid culture systems are an attractive method for overcoming the limitations of traditional monolayer cultures. </p>   <p><em>Want to receive the latest industry announcements on cell manufacture and development? </em><a href="https://oxfordglobal.com/cell/newsletter/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Sign up for our Cell series newsletter</em></a><em> to get up-to-date news each month. 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Investigating Organoids and Spheroids as 3D Culture Systems