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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SocietyofImprovers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/SocietyofImprovers.jpg/220px-SocietyofImprovers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/SocietyofImprovers.jpg/330px-SocietyofImprovers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/SocietyofImprovers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece from Transactions of the Society of Improvers (1743)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Agricultural Revolution in Scotland</b> was a series of changes in agricultural practice that began in the 17th century and continued in the 19th century. They began with the improvement of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Scottish Lowlands</a> farmland and the beginning of a transformation of Scottish <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> from one of the least modernised systems to what was to become the most modern and productive system in Europe. The traditional system of agriculture in Scotland generally used the <a href="/wiki/Run_rig" title="Run rig">runrig</a> system of management, which had possibly originated in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>. The basic pre-improvement farming unit was the <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">baile</i></span> (in the Highlands) and the fermetoun (in the Lowlands). In each, a small number of families worked open-field arable and shared grazing. Whilst run rig varied in its detail from place to place, the common defining detail was the sharing out by lot on a regular (probably annual) basis of individual parts ("rigs") of the arable land so that families had intermixed plots in different parts of the field.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodgshon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodgshon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 149">: 149 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Devine_2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devine_2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 24">: 24 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_the_term">Use of the term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Use of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term Scottish Agricultural Revolution was used in the early 20th century primarily to refer to the period of most dramatic change in the second half of the 18th century and early 19th century. More recently historians have become aware of a longer processes, with change beginning in the late 17th century and continuing into the mid-19th century. The expansion of the period covered has led some to question the concept of a revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riggs_at_Haddington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Riggs_at_Haddington.jpg/220px-Riggs_at_Haddington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Riggs_at_Haddington.jpg/330px-Riggs_at_Haddington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Riggs_at_Haddington.jpg/440px-Riggs_at_Haddington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>Runrig farming outside the town of <a href="/wiki/Haddington,_East_Lothian" title="Haddington, East Lothian">Haddington, East Lothian</a> c. 1690</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the 17th century, with difficult terrain, poor roads and methods of transport there was little trade between different areas of the country and most settlements depended on what was produced locally, often with little in reserve in bad years. Most farming was based on the lowland <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)#United_Kingdom" title="Hamlet (place)">fermtoun</a> or highland <a href="/wiki/Township_(Scotland)" title="Township (Scotland)">baile</a>, settlements of a handful of families that jointly farmed an area notionally suitable for two or three plough teams, allocated in <a href="/wiki/Run_rig" title="Run rig">run rigs</a>, of "runs" (furrows) and "rigs" (ridges), to <a href="/wiki/Tenant_farmer" title="Tenant farmer">tenant farmers</a>. Most ploughing was done with a heavy wooden plough with an iron <a href="/wiki/Coulter_(agriculture)" title="Coulter (agriculture)">coulter</a>, pulled by oxen, which were more effective in the heavy Scottish soil, and cheaper to feed than horses.<sup id="cite_ref-Wormald1991pp41-55_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wormald1991pp41-55-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those with property rights included <a href="/wiki/Husbandmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Husbandmen">husbandmen</a>, lesser landholders and free tenants.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchison1983p82_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchison1983p82-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Below them were the <a href="/wiki/Cottar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottar">cottars</a>, who often shared rights to common pasture, occupied small portions of land and participated in joint farming as hired labour. Farms also might have grassmen, who had rights only to grazing.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchison1983p82_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchison1983p82-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three acts of parliament passed in 1695 allowed the consolidation of runrigs and the division of common land.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowie2012p314_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowie2012p314-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the union with England in 1707, there was a conscious attempt among the gentry and nobility to improve agriculture in Scotland. The Society of Improvers was founded in 1723, including in its 300 members dukes, earls, lairds and landlords.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackieetal1991pp288-91-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first half of the century these changes were limited to tenanted farms in East Lothian and the estates of a few enthusiasts, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Cockburn_(Scottish_politician)" title="John Cockburn (Scottish politician)">John Cockburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Archibald_Grant,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Archibald Grant, 2nd Baronet">Archibald Grant</a>. Not all were successful, with Cockburn driving himself into bankruptcy, but the ethos of improvement spread among the landed classes.<sup id="cite_ref-Whyte2001pp206-7_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whyte2001pp206-7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep_in_turnip_field,_Auchindrain,_Argyll.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sheep_in_turnip_field%2C_Auchindrain%2C_Argyll.JPG/220px-Sheep_in_turnip_field%2C_Auchindrain%2C_Argyll.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sheep_in_turnip_field%2C_Auchindrain%2C_Argyll.JPG/330px-Sheep_in_turnip_field%2C_Auchindrain%2C_Argyll.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sheep_in_turnip_field%2C_Auchindrain%2C_Argyll.JPG/440px-Sheep_in_turnip_field%2C_Auchindrain%2C_Argyll.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption>Sheep feeding on turnips, <a href="/wiki/Auchindrain" title="Auchindrain">Auchindrain</a>, Argyll</figcaption></figure><p>The English plough was introduced along with foreign grasses, the sowing of rye grass and clover. Turnips and cabbages were introduced, lands enclosed and marshes drained, lime was put down, roads built and woods planted. Drilling and sowing and <a href="/wiki/Crop_rotation" title="Crop rotation">crop rotation</a> were introduced. The introduction of the potato to Scotland in 1739 greatly improved the diet of the peasantry. <a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosures</a> began to displace the runrig system and free pasture. There was increasing specialisation, with the Lothians became a major centre of grain, Ayrshire of cattle breeding and The Borders of sheep.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackieetal1991pp288-91-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although some estate holders improved the quality of life of their displaced workers,<sup id="cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackieetal1991pp288-91-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Agricultural Revolution led directly to what is increasingly becoming known as the <a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with hundreds of thousands of cottars and tenant farmers from central and southern Scotland emigrating from the farms and small holdings their families had occupied for hundreds of years, or adapting them to the Scottish Agricultural Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackieetal1991pp288-91-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Heriot_Swanston03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="man guiding two horses pushing machine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/George_Heriot_Swanston03.jpg/220px-George_Heriot_Swanston03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/George_Heriot_Swanston03.jpg/330px-George_Heriot_Swanston03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/George_Heriot_Swanston03.jpg/440px-George_Heriot_Swanston03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>An 1851 illustration showing the reaping machine developed by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bell" title="Patrick Bell">Patrick Bell</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Improvement continued in the 19th century. Innovations included the first working <a href="/wiki/Reaper" title="Reaper">reaping machine</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bell" title="Patrick Bell">Patrick Bell</a> in 1828. His rival <a href="/wiki/James_Smith_(inventor)" title="James Smith (inventor)">James Smith</a> turned to improving sub-soil drainage and developed a method of ploughing that could break up the subsoil barrier without disturbing the topsoil. Previously unworkable low-lying carselands could now be brought into arable production and the result was the even Lowland landscape that still predominates.<sup id="cite_ref-Sprott2011_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sprott2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Lowlands had seen widespread agricultural improvement, the financially broken Highland lairds took to replacing Highland agricultural practice with its own system of labour with Lowland agricultural practice plus labour in the Highland Clearances.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A handful of powerful families, typified by the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Argyll" title="Duke of Argyll">Argyll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Atholl" title="Duke of Atholl">Atholl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Buccleuch" title="Duke of Buccleuch">Buccleuch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Sutherland" title="Duke of Sutherland">Sutherland</a>, owned enormous sections of Scotland and had extensive influence on political affairs (certainly up to 1885). As late as 1878, 68 families owned nearly half the land in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly after the end of the boom created by the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">Revolutionary</a> and Napoleonic Wars (1790–1815), these landlords needed cash to maintain their position in London society. They turned to money rents and downplayed the traditional patriarchal relationship that had historically sustained the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">clans</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crofts_at_Borreraig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_137969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crofts_at_Borreraig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_137969.jpg/220px-Crofts_at_Borreraig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_137969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crofts_at_Borreraig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_137969.jpg/330px-Crofts_at_Borreraig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_137969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crofts_at_Borreraig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_137969.jpg/440px-Crofts_at_Borreraig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_137969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">Crofts</a> at <a href="/wiki/Borreraig" title="Borreraig">Borreraig</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Skye" class="mw-redirect" title="Skye">Skye</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One result of these changes were the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a>, in which many tenants in the Highlands were evicted as lands were enclosed, principally so that they could be used for sheep farming. The clearances followed patterns of agricultural change throughout the UK, though were notorious as a result of the introduction of Lowland farmhands or practice into Highland agricultural land or practice, plus the lack of legal protection for year-by-year tenants under <a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Scots law</a>, and the abruptness of the change from the traditional clan system.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was a continuous exodus from the land—to the cities, or further afield to England, Canada, America or Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consequences">Consequences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lowland and Highland Clearances meant that many small settlements were dismantled, their occupants forced either to the new <a href="/wiki/Model_village" title="Model village">purpose-built villages</a> built by the landowners such as John Cockburn's <a href="/wiki/Ormiston" title="Ormiston">Ormiston</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sir_Archibald_Grant,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Archibald Grant, 2nd Baronet">Archibald Grant</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Monymusk" title="Monymusk">Monymusk</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the outskirts of the new ranch-style farms, or to the new industrial centres of <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, or northern England. Tens of thousands of others emigrated to Canada or the United States, finding opportunities to own and farm their own land.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackieetal1991pp288-91-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Highlands, many that remained were now <a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">crofters</a>, living on very small rented farms with indefinite tenure used to raise various crops and animals. For these families <a href="/wiki/Kelp" title="Kelp">kelping</a>, fishing, spinning of linen and military service became important sources of additional revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crofting" title="Crofting">Crofting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">British Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History of Scotland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dodgshon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dodgshon_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDodgshon1998" class="citation book cs1">Dodgshon, Robert A. (1998). <i>From Chiefs to Landlords: Social and Economic Change in the Western Highlands and Islands, c.1493-1820</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-1034-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-1034-0"><bdi>0-7486-1034-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Chiefs+to+Landlords%3A+Social+and+Economic+Change+in+the+Western+Highlands+and+Islands%2C+c.1493-1820&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7486-1034-0&rft.aulast=Dodgshon&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Agricultural+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devine_2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Devine_2018_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevine2018" class="citation book cs1">Devine, T M (2018). <i>The Scottish Clearances: A History of the Dispossessed, 1600-1900</i>. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0241304105" title="Special:BookSources/978-0241304105"><bdi>978-0241304105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Clearances%3A+A+History+of+the+Dispossessed%2C+1600-1900&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0241304105&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=T+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+Agricultural+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. D. Whyte and K. A. Whyte, <i>The Changing Scottish Landscape: 1500–1800</i> (London: Taylor & Francis, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415029929" title="Special:BookSources/0415029929">0415029929</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wormald1991pp41-55-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wormald1991pp41-55_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Wormald, <i>Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-0276-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-0276-3">0-7486-0276-3</a>, pp. 41–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchison1983p82-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mitchison1983p82_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mitchison1983p82_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Mitchison, <i>Lordship to Patronage, Scotland 1603–1745</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/074860233X" title="Special:BookSources/074860233X">074860233X</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowie2012p314-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowie2012p314_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Bowie, "New perspectives on pre-union Scotland" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, eds, <i>The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0191624330" title="Special:BookSources/0191624330">0191624330</a>, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackieetal1991pp288-91-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp288-91_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, <i>A History of Scotland</i> (London: Penguin, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140136495" title="Special:BookSources/0140136495">0140136495</a>, pp. 288–91. Gilles Denis, "Sociétés d'agriculture et diffusion des Lumières" in Frank Salaün and Jean-Pierre Schandeler, <i>Enquête sur le Construction des Lumières</i> (Centre international d'étude du XVIIIe siècle: Ferney-Voltaire, 2018), pp. 108-109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whyte2001pp206-7-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whyte2001pp206-7_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. D. Whyte, "Economy: primary sector: 1 Agriculture to 1770s", in M. Lynch, ed., <i>The Oxford Companion to Scottish History</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-211696-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-211696-7">0-19-211696-7</a>, pp. 206–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Allan Houston and Ian D. Whyte, <i>Scottish Society, 1500–1800</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89167-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89167-1">0-521-89167-1</a>, pp. 148–151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sprott2011-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sprott2011_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Sprot, "Agriculture, 1770s onwards", in M. Lynch, ed., <i>Oxford Companion to Scottish History</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199693056" title="Special:BookSources/0199693056">0199693056</a>, pp. 321–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Gray, <i>The Highland Economy, 1750–1850</i> (London: Greenwood, 1976), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8371-8536-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8371-8536-X">0-8371-8536-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Pelling, <i>Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910</i> (1960, Gregg Revivals, rpt., 1994), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7512-0278-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7512-0278-9">0-7512-0278-9</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Richards, <i>The Highland Clearances: People, Landlords and Rural Turmoil</i> (Edinburgh, Birlinn Press, 2008), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-542-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84158-542-4">1-84158-542-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Wormald, <i>Scotland: a History</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820615-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820615-1">0-19-820615-1</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Ross, <i>Scotland: History of a Nation</i> (Lomond Books, 2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0947782583" title="Special:BookSources/0947782583">0947782583</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. J. Daunton, <i>Progress and Poverty: An Economic and Social History of Britain 1700–1850</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822281-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822281-5">0-19-822281-5</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Devine, Thomas Martin, <i>The Transformation of Rural Scotland: Social Change and the Agrarian Economy, 1660–1815</i> (Edinburgh University Press, 1994).</li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the United Kingdom">Cuisine of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAS_(company)" title="ADAS (company)">ADAS (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arla_Foods_UK" title="Arla Foods UK">Arla Foods UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Matthews_Foods" title="Bernard Matthews Foods">Bernard Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faccenda_Foods" title="Faccenda Foods">Faccenda Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmcare" title="Farmcare">Farmcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Agriculture" title="Frontier Agriculture">Frontier Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genus_plc" title="Genus plc">Genus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller_Milk_%26_Ingredients" title="Müller Milk & Ingredients">Müller Milk & Ingredients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFU_Mutual" title="NFU Mutual">NFU Mutual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbrook_Group" title="Norbrook Group">Norbrook Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openfield" title="Openfield">Openfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saputo_Dairy_UK" title="Saputo Dairy UK">Saputo Dairy UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestey_Holdings" title="Vestey Holdings">Vestey Holdings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grazing_marsh" title="Grazing marsh">Grazing marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedgerow_removal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedgerow removal">Hedgerow removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_Breeds_Survival_Trust" title="Rare Breeds Survival Trust">Rare Breeds Survival Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Government<br />and regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Land_Classification" title="Agricultural Land Classification">Agricultural Land Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Horticulture_Development_Board" title="Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board">Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potato_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato Council">Potato Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_and_Livestock_Commission" title="Meat and Livestock Commission">Meat and Livestock Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Agency" title="Animal and Plant Health Agency">Animal and Plant Health Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cattle_Movement_Service" title="British Cattle Movement Service">British Cattle Movement Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="The Country Code">The Country Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate">Crown Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture,_Environment_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs">Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Animal_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Animal Health">Institute for Animal Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_legislation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Agriculture legislation in the United Kingdom">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Meat_Scotland" title="Quality Meat Scotland">Quality Meat Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_way_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of way in Scotland">Rights of way in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Payments_Agency" title="Rural Payments Agency">Rural Payments Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_Zero_Directorates" title="Net Zero Directorates">Scottish Government Net Zero Directorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Payment_Scheme" title="Single Payment Scheme">Single Payment Scheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_timber_trade" title="British timber trade">British timber trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_field" title="Celtic field">Celtic field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">Common land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Laws" title="Corn Laws">Corn Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_barn" title="Dutch barn">Dutch barn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haughley_Experiment" title="Haughley Experiment">Haughley Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Potato_Famine" title="Highland Potato Famine">Highland Potato Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier_Commission" title="Napier Commission">Napier Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">Rationing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_rig" title="Run rig">Run rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Reconstruction_Association" title="Rural Reconstruction Association">Rural Reconstruction Association</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scottish Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_Riots" title="Swing Riots">Swing Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_garden" title="Victory garden">Victory garden</a></li> <li>Women's Land Army - <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Land_Army_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Land Army (World War I)">WWI</a> / <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Land_Army_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Land Army (World War II)">WWII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foot-and-mouth_disease" title="Foot-and-mouth disease">Foot-and-mouth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak" title="1967 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak" title="2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak" title="2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak">2007</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Nations and regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="England" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_England" title="Agriculture in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Cheshire" title="History of agriculture in Cheshire">Agriculture in Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_London" title="Agriculture in London">Agriculture in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_cuisine" title="Cornish cuisine">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Devon" title="Cuisine of Devon">Devon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_breeds" title="List of Scottish breeds">Animal breeds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_animal_breeds" title="Shetland animal breeds">Shetland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crofting" title="Crofting">Crofting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Crofting_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Crofting Foundation">Scottish Crofting Foundation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_(Scotland)" title="Factor (Scotland)">Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highland_Show" title="Royal Highland Show">Royal Highland Show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_breeds" title="List of Welsh breeds">Animal breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Welsh_Show" title="Royal Welsh Show">Royal Welsh Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_unnos" title="Tŷ unnos">Tŷ unnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Non-governmental<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employers' associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Union_of_Wales" title="Farmers' Union of Wales">Farmers' Union of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Farmers%27_Union_of_England_and_Wales" title="National Farmers' Union of England and Wales">National Farmers' Union of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Farmers%27_Union_of_Scotland" title="National Farmers' Union of Scotland">National Farmers' Union of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Farmers%27_Union" title="Ulster Farmers' Union">Ulster Farmers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Farmers%27_Clubs_of_Ulster" title="Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster">Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite the Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Agricultural_and_Allied_Workers" title="National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers">National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_%26_General_Workers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport & General Workers' Union">Transport & General Workers' Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landowners' organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Country_Land_and_Business_Association" title="Country Land and Business Association">Country Land and Business Association</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Educational and<br />research institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Biological,_Environmental_and_Rural_Sciences" title="Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences">Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton_Institute" title="James Hutton Institute">James Hutton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Arabidopsis_Stock_Centre" title="Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre">Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothamsted_Research" title="Rothamsted Research">Rothamsted Research</a></li> <li>Museums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_English_Rural_Life" title="Museum of English Rural Life">Museum of English Rural Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Rural_Life" title="National Museum of Rural Life">National Museum of Rural Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Non-Food_Crops_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="National Non-Food Crops Centre">National Non-Food Crops Centre</a></li> <li>Universities and colleges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Agriculture,_Food_and_Rural_Enterprise" title="College of Agriculture, Food and Rural Enterprise">CAFRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Rural_College" title="Scotland's Rural College">Scotland's Rural College</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Egg_Industry_Council" title="British Egg Industry Council">British Egg Industry Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Poultry_Council" title="British Poultry Council">British Poultry Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Start_Initiative" title="Fresh Start Initiative">Fresh Start Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highland_and_Agricultural_Society_of_Scotland" title="Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland">Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Food_%26_Drink" title="Scotland Food & Drink">Scotland Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Association" title="Soil Association">Soil Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenant_Farmers_Association" title="Tenant Farmers Association">Tenant Farmers Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Beekeeping in the United Kingdom">Beekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="June Gap">June Gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fell_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Fell farming">Fell farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">Forestry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archers" title="The Archers">The Archers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clarkson%27s_Farm" title="Clarkson's Farm">Clarkson's Farm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Countryfile" title="Countryfile">Countryfile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglu" title="Eglu">Eglu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farmers_Weekly" title="Farmers Weekly">Farmers Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farming_Today" title="Farming Today">Farming Today</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurdles_(agricultural)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurdles (agricultural)">Hurdles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scotland_in_the_eighteenth_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eighteenth-century_Scotland" title="Template:Eighteenth-century Scotland"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eighteenth-century_Scotland" title="Template talk:Eighteenth-century Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eighteenth-century_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eighteenth-century Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scotland_in_the_eighteenth_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era#Late_18th_century_and_19th_century" title="Scotland in the modern era"><span style="color:black;">Scotland in the eighteenth century</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Scotland_in_the_Industrial_Revolution" title="Architecture of Scotland in the Industrial Revolution">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish art in the eighteenth century">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Scotland" title="Demographic history of Scotland">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Scotland#18th_century" title="Economic history of Scotland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_education_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish education in the eighteenth century">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law" title="History of Scots law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish literature in the eighteenth century">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Music of Scotland in the eighteenth century">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the eighteenth century">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Union with England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_risings" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite risings">Jacobite risings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrow_Controversy" title="Marrow Controversy">Marrow Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_tax_riots" title="Malt tax riots">Malt tax riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteous_Riots" title="Porteous Riots">Porteous Riots</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Agricultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Industrial Revolution in Scotland">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_revival_in_Scotland" title="Evangelical revival in Scotland">Evangelical revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Friends_of_the_People#Friends_of_the_People_in_Scotland" title="Society of the Friends of the People">Friends of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_Scotsmen" title="Society of the United Scotsmen">Society of the United Scotsmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">History of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Template:Kingdom of Great Britain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Template talk:Kingdom of Great Britain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom of Great Britain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Constitutional development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Union of 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Union of 1801</a></li></ul></li> <li>External wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Great Britain in the Seven Years' War">Seven Years'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">Jenkins Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1778%E2%80%931783)" title="Anglo-French War (1778–1783)">Anglo-French War (1778–1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Anglo-Dutch (1780–1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early-18th-century_Whig_plots" title="Early-18th-century Whig plots">Whig plots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_risings" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite risings">Jacobite risings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1796%E2%80%931797" title="Panic of 1796–1797">Panic of 1796–1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Agricultural_Revolution" title="British Agricultural Revolution">Agricultural Revolution</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Revolution" title="Financial Revolution">Financial Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Floral_Badge_of_Great_Britain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Floral Badge of Great Britain"><img alt="Floral Badge of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Floral_Badge_of_Great_Britain.svg/120px-Floral_Badge_of_Great_Britain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Floral_Badge_of_Great_Britain.svg/180px-Floral_Badge_of_Great_Britain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Floral_Badge_of_Great_Britain.svg/240px-Floral_Badge_of_Great_Britain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Floral Badge of Great Britain</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stuart</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Great_Britain" title="House of Commons of Great Britain">House of Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliaments_of_Great_Britain" title="List of parliaments of Great Britain">List of parliaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain">Acts of Parliament:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1707" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707">1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1708" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708">1708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1709" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1709">1709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1710" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1710">1710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1711" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1711">1711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1712" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1712">1712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1713" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1713">1713</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1714" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1714">1714</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1715" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1715">1715</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1716" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1716">1716</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1717" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1717">1717</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1718" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1718">1718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1719" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1719">1719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1720" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1720">1720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1721" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1721">1721</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1722" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1722">1722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1723" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1723">1723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1724" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1724">1724</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1725" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1725">1725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1726" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1726">1726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1727" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1727">1727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1728" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1728">1728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1729" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1729">1729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1730" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1730">1730</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1731" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1731">1731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1732" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1732">1732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1733" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1733">1733</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1734" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1734">1734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1735" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1735">1735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1736" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1736">1736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1737" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1737">1737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1738" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1738">1738</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1739" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1739">1739</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1740" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1740">1740</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1741" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1741">1741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1742" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1742">1742</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1743" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1743">1743</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1744" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1744">1744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1745" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1746" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1746">1746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1747" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1747">1747</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1748" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1748">1748</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1749" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1749">1749</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1750" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1750">1750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1751" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1751">1751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1753" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1753">1753</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1754" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1754">1754</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1755" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1755">1755</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1756" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1756">1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1757" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1757">1757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1758" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1758">1758</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1759" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1759">1759</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1760" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1760">1760</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1761" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1761">1761</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1762" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1762">1762</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1763" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1763">1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1764" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1764">1764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1765" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1765">1765</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1766" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1766">1766</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1767" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1767">1767</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1768" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1768">1768</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1769" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1769">1769</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1770" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1770">1770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1771" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1771">1771</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1772" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1772">1772</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1773" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1773">1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1774" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1774">1774</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1775" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1775">1775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1776" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1776">1776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1777" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1777">1777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1778" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1778">1778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1779" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1779">1779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1780" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1780">1780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1781" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1781">1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1782" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1782">1782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1783" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1783">1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1784" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1784">1784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1785" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1785">1785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1786" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1786">1786</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1787" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1787">1787</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1788" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1788">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1789" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1789">1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1790" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1790">1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1791" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1791">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1792" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1792">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1793" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1793">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1794" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1794">1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1795" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1795">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1796" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1796">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1797" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1797">1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1798" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1798">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1799" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1799">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Great_Britain_from_1800" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1800">1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Great Britain">Elections:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1708_British_general_election" title="1708 British general election">1708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1710_British_general_election" title="1710 British general election">1710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1713_British_general_election" title="1713 British general election">1713</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1715_British_general_election" title="1715 British general election">1715</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1722_British_general_election" title="1722 British general election">1722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1727_British_general_election" title="1727 British general election">1727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1734_British_general_election" title="1734 British general election">1734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1741_British_general_election" title="1741 British general election">1741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1747_British_general_election" title="1747 British general election">1747</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1754_British_general_election" title="1754 British general election">1754</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1761_British_general_election" title="1761 British general election">1761</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1768_British_general_election" title="1768 British general election">1768</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1774_British_general_election" title="1774 British general election">1774</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1780_British_general_election" title="1780 British general election">1780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1784_British_general_election" title="1784 British general election">1784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_British_general_election" title="1790 British general election">1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_British_general_election" title="1796 British general election">1796</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Great_Britain" title="Peerage of Great Britain">Peers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Junto" title="Whig Junto">Whig Junto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Whigs" title="Patriot Whigs">Patriot Whigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit-Cat_Club" title="Kit-Cat Club">Kit-Cat Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_18th-century_British_periodicals" title="List of 18th-century British periodicals">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">Romantic literature in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Romanticism in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish literature in the eighteenth century">Scottish 18th-century literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Stockings_Society" title="Blue Stockings Society">Blue Stockings Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitude_prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Longitude prize">Longitude prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_tax" title="Window tax">Window tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Rebellion" title="Proclamation of Rebellion">Proclamation of Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Company" title="South Sea Company">South Sea Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speenhamland_system" title="Speenhamland system">Speenhamland system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Methodist_revival" title="Welsh Methodist revival">Welsh Methodist revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Great_Britain" title="Flag of Great Britain">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain" title="Coat of arms of Great Britain">Royal arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&oldid=1227122676">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Agricultural_Revolution&oldid=1227122676</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_establishments_in_Scotland" title="Category:17th-century establishments in Scotland">17th-century establishments in Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_disestablishments_in_Scotland" title="Category:19th-century disestablishments in Scotland">19th-century disestablishments in 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