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importance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Identification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Identification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species_lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Species lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species_lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuolg%C3%A2%C4%8Duo%C5%A1kah" title="Kuolgâčuoškah – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kuolgâčuoškah" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نبيذيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبيذيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibi%C3%B2nids" title="Bibiònids – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bibiònids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" title="Bibionidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bibionidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5rmyg" title="Hårmyg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hårmyg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarm%C3%BCcken" title="Haarmücken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haarmücken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%CA%BC%C3%AD%CA%BCii_%C5%82izhin%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Tsʼíʼii łizhinígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsʼíʼii łizhinígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" title="Bibionidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bibionidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مگس‌های هم‌نشین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مگس‌های هم‌نشین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" title="Bibionidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bibionidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" title="Bibionidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bibionidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storakojai_uodai" title="Storakojai uodai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Storakojai uodai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نبيذيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نبيذيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarte_vliegen" title="Zwarte vliegen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwarte vliegen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%90%E3%82%A8" title="ケバエ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケバエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5rmygg" title="Hårmygg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hårmygg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5rmygg" title="Hårmygg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hårmygg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatte_Muggen" title="Swatte Muggen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Swatte Muggen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leniowate" title="Leniowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leniowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" title="Bibionidae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bibionidae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionide" title="Bibionide – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bibionide" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Толстоножки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Толстоножки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5rmyggor" title="Hårmyggor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hårmyggor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5" title="แมลงวันสี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมลงวันสี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" title="Bibionidae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bibionidae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" title="Bibionidae – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bibionidae" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" title="Bibionidae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bibionidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1431774#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of flies</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"March fly" redirects here. In Australia, this term refers to the <a href="/wiki/Horse-flies" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse-flies">horse-flies</a>, an unrelated dipteran family.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Bibionidae </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bibio_johannis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bibio_johannis.jpg/220px-Bibio_johannis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bibio_johannis.jpg/330px-Bibio_johannis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bibio_johannis.jpg/440px-Bibio_johannis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="761" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bibio_johannis" title="Bibio johannis">Bibio johannis</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Bibionidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">Diptera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nematocera" title="Nematocera">Nematocera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bibionomorpha" title="Bibionomorpha">Bibionomorpha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bibionoidea" title="Bibionoidea">Bibionoidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bibionidae</a><br /><small>Fleming, 1821</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>See text</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Cascopleciidae</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Bibionidae</b> (<b>March flies</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">flies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">Diptera</a>) containing approximately 650–700 species worldwide. Adults are nectar feeders and emerge in numbers in spring. Because of the likelihood of adult flies being found <i>in copula</i>, they have earned colloquial names such as "<b>love bugs</b>" or "<b>honeymoon flies</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For terms, see <a href="/wiki/Morphology_of_Diptera" title="Morphology of Diptera">Morphology of Diptera</a>.</div> <p>Bibionidae are medium-sized flies with a body length from 4.0 to 10.0 mm. The body is black, brown, or rusty, and thickset, with thick legs. The antennae are moniliform. The front tibiae bear large strong spurs or a circlet of spines. The tarsi are five-segmented and bear tarsal claws, pulvilli, and a well developed empodium. The wings have two basal cells (posterior basal wing cell and basal wing cell), but are without a discoidal wing cell. R4+5 is simple or branched; at most, only three branches of R developed. The leading edge wing veins are stronger than the weak veins of the trailing edge. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bibionidae_wing_veins.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Bibionidae_wing_veins.svg/220px-Bibionidae_wing_veins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Bibionidae_wing_veins.svg/330px-Bibionidae_wing_veins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Bibionidae_wing_veins.svg/440px-Bibionidae_wing_veins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Bibionidae wing veins</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bibio_cf_pomonae_fg01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bibio_cf_pomonae_fg01.JPG/220px-Bibio_cf_pomonae_fg01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bibio_cf_pomonae_fg01.JPG/330px-Bibio_cf_pomonae_fg01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bibio_cf_pomonae_fg01.JPG/440px-Bibio_cf_pomonae_fg01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><i>Bibio pomonae</i>: Note the <a href="/wiki/Holoptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Holoptic">dichoptic</a> female.<br /> The male is holoptic.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dilophus_goldenrod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dilophus_goldenrod.jpg/220px-Dilophus_goldenrod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dilophus_goldenrod.jpg/330px-Dilophus_goldenrod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dilophus_goldenrod.jpg/440px-Dilophus_goldenrod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption><i>Dilophus</i>, female</figcaption></figure> <p>Bibionid larvae grow up in grassy areas and are <a href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivores</a> and scavengers feeding on dead vegetation or living plant roots. Some species are found in <a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">compost</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy1981_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy1981-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larvae are sometimes found in pockets in which sometimes up to 200 specimens have been counted. Adults of most <i>Plecia</i> and some species of <i>Bibio</i> do not eat, but subsist solely on the food taken in during the larval stage and drop steadily when in flight until they are a few inches above the ground, hovering slowly. Adult-stage bibionids are quite short-lived, and some species of <i>Plecia</i> (lovebugs) spend much of their adult lives copulating. The male and female (<a href="/wiki/Lovebug" title="Lovebug">lovebugs</a>) attach themselves at the rear of the abdomen and remain that way at all times, even in flight. Adults swarm after synchronous emergence, sometimes in enormous numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-FreemanLane_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreemanLane-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fossil_record">Fossil record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fossil record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bibionids have the most extensive fossil record of any dipteran family. Fossil bibionids are known questionably from the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>, while some forms from the early part of the Upper <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> look quite similar to modern species. Bibionid flies are very abundant among insect <a href="/wiki/Fossils" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossils">fossils</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a> period, and many species have been described, although often based on highly fragmentary material. Most fossil species are easily identified with extant genera. In particular, the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Plecia" title="Plecia">Plecia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bibio_(fly)" title="Bibio (fly)">Bibio</a></i> are abundant among Tertiary fossils. Fossils from Europe include many specimens of the mainly tropical genus <i>Plecia</i> which is today entirely absent from Europe, demonstrating a warmer climate during the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genera">Genera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibio_(fly)" title="Bibio (fly)">Bibio</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Louis_Geoffroy" title="Étienne Louis Geoffroy">Geoffroy</a>, 1762</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibiodes" title="Bibiodes">Bibiodes</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Daniel_William_Coquillett" title="Daniel William Coquillett">Coquillett</a>, 1904</small><sup id="cite_ref-Coquillett1904_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coquillett1904-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibionellus" title="Bibionellus">Bibionellus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards" title="Frederick Wallace Edwards">Edwards</a>, 1935</small><sup id="cite_ref-Edwards1935_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edwards1935-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cascoplecia" title="Cascoplecia">Cascoplecia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Poinar, 2010</span></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clothonopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clothonopsis (page does not exist)">Clothonopsis</a></i> <small>Hong & Wang, 1987</small><sup id="cite_ref-HongWang1987_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HongWang1987-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (dubious taxon)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dilophus" title="Dilophus">Dilophus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Meigen" title="Johann Wilhelm Meigen">Meigen</a>, 1803</small><sup id="cite_ref-Meigen1803_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meigen1803-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enicoscolus" title="Enicoscolus">Enicoscolus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/D._Elmo_Hardy" title="D. Elmo Hardy">Hardy</a>, 1968</small><sup id="cite_ref-Hardy1961_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy1961-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fushunoplecia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fushunoplecia (page does not exist)">Fushunoplecia</a></i> <small>Hong, 2002</small><sup id="cite_ref-Hong2002_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hong2002-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithosomyia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithosomyia (page does not exist)">Lithosomyia</a></i> <small>Carpenter, 1986</small><sup id="cite_ref-Carpenter1986_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carpenter1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">†</a><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesopleciella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesopleciella (page does not exist)">Mesopleciella</a></i> <small>Rohdendorf, 1946</small><sup id="cite_ref-Rohdendorf1946_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rohdendorf1946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penthetria" title="Penthetria">Penthetria</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Meigen" title="Johann Wilhelm Meigen">Meigen</a>, 1803</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plecia" title="Plecia">Plecia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Christian_Rudolph_Wilhelm_Wiedemann" title="Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann">Wiedemann</a>, 1828</small></li></ul> <p>The genera <i>Penthetria</i> and <i>Plecia</i> were sometimes placed in a separate family Pleciidae but no support for this has been found in molecular phylogenetic studies.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_importance">Economic importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economic importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For those species where the adults feed, they do so on the nectar of flowers of fruit trees and especially on flowers of <a href="/wiki/Umbelliferous" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbelliferous">umbelliferous</a> plants, often swarming in mass flights in spring. Adults are important <a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollinators</a>. Larvae play an important role in formation and accumulation of humus in soil. Some <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> are plant pests, especially of <a href="/wiki/Grassland" title="Grassland">pasture land</a> and agronomic crops including cereal crops, vegetables, forage crops, and seedlings of many other plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy1981_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy1981-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FreemanLane_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreemanLane-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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In: Papp, L., Darvas, B. (Eds.). <i>Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera with Special Reference to Flies of Economic Importance</i>. Science Herald, Budapest, 565–649.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bollow, H. 1954. <i>Die Landwirtschaftlich wichtigen Haarmticken. Z. PflBau PflSchutz</i> 5 (49): 197–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maier-Bode, [-]. 1936. Die Gartenhaarmticke (Bibio hortulanus) als Roggen-schiidling. <i>NachrBl. dt. PflSchutzdienst</i>., Berl. 16: 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spitzer, K. 1966. An example of severe damage to planted potatoes by the garden March fly (Bibio hortulanus L.) [in Czeckoslovakian]. Ochr. Rost. 2(39):81–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrickland1916" class="citation journal cs1">Strickland, E. H. (1916). "The March fly (Bibio abbreviatus) in grain fields and as a pest of celery". <i>Agric. Gaz. Can</i>. <b>3</b>: 600–603.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agric.+Gaz.+Can.&rft.atitle=The+March+fly+%28Bibio+abbreviatus%29+in+grain+fields+and+as+a+pest+of+celery&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=600-603&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=E.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibionidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification">Identification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Identification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Duda" title="Oswald Duda">Duda</a>. 1930. Bibionidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.). <i>Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region</i> 2, 1, 4, 1–75. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision (in German).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Elmo_Hardy" title="D. Elmo Hardy">Hardy, D.E.</a> et al., 1958. Guide of the insects of Connecticut PartVI. The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut Sixth Fascicle: March flies and gall midges. Bibionidae, Itonididae (Cecidomiidae). <i>Conn. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull.</i> 87, 218 pp., 15 pl., 29 figs.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardy1967" class="citation journal cs1">Hardy, D.E. (1967). "The Bibionidae (Diptera) of Nepal, results of the Austrian and the B.P. Bishop Museum.Expeditions, 1961 and 1965". <i>Pacific Insects</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 519–536.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Insects&rft.atitle=The+Bibionidae+%28Diptera%29+of+Nepal%2C+results+of+the+Austrian+and+the+B.P.+Bishop+Museum.Expeditions%2C+1961+and+1965&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=519-536&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=D.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibionidae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardyDelfinado1969" class="citation journal cs1">Hardy, D.E.; Delfinado, M.D (1969). "The Bibionidae (Diptera) of the Philippines". <i>Pacific Insects</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 117–154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Insects&rft.atitle=The+Bibionidae+%28Diptera%29+of+the+Philippines&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-154&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=D.E.&rft.au=Delfinado%2C+M.D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibionidae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Krivosheina, N. P. Family Bibionidae in <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Bey-Bienko" title="Grigory Bey-Bienko">Bei-Bienko, G. Ya</a>, 1988 <i>Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR</i> Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition. Keys to <a href="/wiki/Palaearctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaearctic">Palaearctic</a> species but now needs revision.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Seguy" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Seguy">Séguy</a>, E. (1940) Diptères: Nématocères. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 36 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014031511/http://www.faunedefrance.org/BibliothequeVirtuelleNumerique">BibliothequeVirtuelleNumerique</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species_lists">Species lists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Species lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051223120820/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=11660">West Palaearctic including Russia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520040859/http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/diptera/dipb-c.htm#anchor439498">Nearctic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/bibionidae.html">Australasian/Oceanian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527005729/http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mokuroku/">Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibionidae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=4">Diptera.info</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bugguide.net/node/view/3834/bgimage">BugGuide</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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title="Holometabola">Holometabola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Nematocera" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Nematocera" title="Nematocera">Nematocera</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Axymyiomorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;padding-right:10.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Axymyiidae" title="Axymyiidae">Axymyiomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axymyiidae" title="Axymyiidae">Axymyiidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Culicomorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Culicomorpha" title="Culicomorpha">Culicomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Culicoidea" title="Culicoidea">Culicoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixidae" title="Dixidae">Dixidae <small>(meniscus midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corethrellidae" title="Corethrellidae">Corethrellidae <small>(frog-biting midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoboridae" title="Chaoboridae">Chaoboridae <small>(phantom midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">Culicidae <small>(mosquitoes)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chironomoidea" title="Chironomoidea">Chironomoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaumaleidae" title="Thaumaleidae">Thaumaleidae <small>(solitary midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_fly" title="Black fly">Simuliidae <small>(black flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceratopogonidae" title="Ceratopogonidae">Ceratopogonidae <small>(biting midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chironomidae" title="Chironomidae">Chironomidae <small>(non-biting midges)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Blephariceromorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;padding-right:10.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Blephariceromorpha" title="Blephariceromorpha">Blephariceromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blephariceridae" title="Blephariceridae">Blephariceridae <small>(net-winged midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterophlebia" title="Deuterophlebia">Deuterophlebiidae <small>(mountain midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphomyiidae" title="Nymphomyiidae">Nymphomyiidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bibionomorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Bibionomorpha" title="Bibionomorpha">Bibionomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bibionoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bibionidae <small>(march flies, lovebugs)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Anisopodidae" title="Anisopodidae">Anisopodoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisopodidae" title="Anisopodidae">Anisopodidae <small>(wood gnats)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Sciaroidea" title="Sciaroidea">Sciaroidea</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(fungus gnats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolitophila" title="Bolitophila">Bolitophilidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecidomyiidae" title="Cecidomyiidae">Cecidomyiidae <small>(gall midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadocidiidae" title="Diadocidiidae">Diadocidiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditomyiidae" title="Ditomyiidae">Ditomyiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keroplatidae" title="Keroplatidae">Keroplatidae <small>(predatory fungus gnats)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lygistorrhinidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lygistorrhinidae">Lygistorrhinidae <small>(long-beaked fungus gnats)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycetophilidae" title="Mycetophilidae">Mycetophilidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangomaramidae" title="Rangomaramidae">Rangomaramidae <small>(long-winged fungus gnats)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciaridae" title="Sciaridae">Sciaridae <small>(dark-winged fungus gnats)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Perissommatomorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;padding-right:10.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Perissommatidae" title="Perissommatidae">Perissommatomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perissommatidae" title="Perissommatidae">Perissommatidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Psychodomorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Psychodomorpha" title="Psychodomorpha">Psychodomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Scatopsoidea" title="Scatopsoidea">Scatopsoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canthyloscelidae" title="Canthyloscelidae">Canthyloscelidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scatopsidae" title="Scatopsidae">Scatopsidae <small>(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeseguyidae" title="Valeseguyidae">Valeseguyidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Psychodidae" title="Psychodidae">Psychodoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychodidae" title="Psychodidae">Psychodidae <small>(moth flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ptychopteromorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;padding-right:10.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Ptychopteromorpha" title="Ptychopteromorpha">Ptychopteromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptychopteridae" title="Ptychopteridae">Ptychopteridae <small>(phantom crane flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanyderidae" title="Tanyderidae">Tanyderidae <small>(primitive crane flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tipulomorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Tipulomorpha" title="Tipulomorpha">Tipulomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Trichoceridae" title="Trichoceridae">Trichoceroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trichoceridae" title="Trichoceridae">Trichoceridae <small>(winter crane flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Crane_fly" title="Crane fly">Tipuloidea</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(crane flies)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cylindrotomidae" title="Cylindrotomidae">Cylindrotomidae <small>(long-bodied crane flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoniidae" title="Limoniidae">Limoniidae <small>(limoniid crane flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediciidae" title="Pediciidae">Pediciidae <small>(hairy-eyed craneflies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipulidae" title="Tipulidae">Tipulidae <small>(large crane flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Brachycera" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Brachycera" title="Brachycera">Brachycera</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asilomorpha" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Asilomorpha" title="Asilomorpha">Asilomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Asiloidea" title="Asiloidea">Asiloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apiocera" title="Apiocera">Apioceridae <small>(flower-loving flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsilocephalidae" title="Apsilocephalidae">Apsilocephalidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apystomyia" title="Apystomyia">Apystomyiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asilidae" title="Asilidae">Asilidae <small>(robber flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombyliidae" title="Bombyliidae">Bombyliidae <small>(bee flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocoa" title="Evocoa">Evocoidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilarimorphidae" title="Hilarimorphidae">Hilarimorphidae <small>(hilarimorphid flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mydas_fly" title="Mydas fly">Mydidae <small>(mydas flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythicomyiidae" title="Mythicomyiidae">Mythicomyiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenopinidae" title="Scenopinidae">Scenopinidae <small>(window flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therevidae" title="Therevidae">Therevidae <small>(stiletto flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Empidoidea" title="Empidoidea">Empidoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atelestidae" title="Atelestidae">Atelestidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolichopodidae" title="Dolichopodidae">Dolichopodidae <small>(long-legged flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empididae" title="Empididae">Empididae <small>(dagger flies, balloon flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homalocnemis" title="Homalocnemis">Homalocnemiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybotidae" title="Hybotidae">Hybotidae <small>(dance flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreogetonidae" title="Oreogetonidae">Oreogetonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragadidae" title="Ragadidae">Ragadidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Nemestrinoidea" title="Nemestrinoidea">Nemestrinoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acroceridae" title="Acroceridae">Acroceridae <small>(small-headed flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemestrinidae" title="Nemestrinidae">Nemestrinidae <small>(tangle-veined flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;line-height:1em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muscomorpha" title="Muscomorpha">Muscomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aschiza" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.9em"><a href="/wiki/Aschiza" title="Aschiza">Aschiza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Platypezoidea" title="Platypezoidea">Platypezoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ironomyiidae" title="Ironomyiidae">Ironomyiidae <small>(ironic flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonchopteridae" title="Lonchopteridae">Lonchopteridae <small>(spear-winged flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opetiidae" title="Opetiidae">Opetiidae <small>(flat-footed flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoridae" title="Phoridae">Phoridae <small>(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platypezidae" title="Platypezidae">Platypezidae <small>(flat-footed flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Syrphoidea" title="Syrphoidea">Syrphoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pipunculidae" title="Pipunculidae">Pipunculidae <small>(big-headed flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoverfly" title="Hoverfly">Syrphidae <small>(hoverflies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.8em;line-height:1em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Schizophora" title="Schizophora">Schizophora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.7em;line-height:1em;text-align:center;font-size:80%;"><a href="/wiki/Acalyptratae" title="Acalyptratae">Acalyptratae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Conopidae" title="Conopidae">Conopoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conopidae" title="Conopidae">Conopidae <small>(thick-headed flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Tephritoidea" title="Tephritoidea">Tephritoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallopteridae" title="Pallopteridae">Pallopteridae <small>(flutter flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piophilidae" title="Piophilidae">Piophilidae <small>(cheese flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platystomatidae" title="Platystomatidae">Platystomatidae <small>(signal flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrgotidae" title="Pyrgotidae">Pyrgotidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardiidae" title="Richardiidae">Richardiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephritidae" title="Tephritidae">Tephritidae <small>(peacock flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulidiidae" title="Ulidiidae">Ulidiidae <small>(picture-winged flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Nerioidea" title="Nerioidea">Nerioidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypselosomatidae" title="Cypselosomatidae">Cypselosomatidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micropezidae" title="Micropezidae">Micropezidae <small>(stilt-legged flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neriidae" title="Neriidae">Neriidae <small>(cactus flies, banana stalk flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Diopsoidea" title="Diopsoidea">Diopsoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stalk-eyed_fly" title="Stalk-eyed fly">Diopsidae <small>(stalk-eyed flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobryidae" title="Gobryidae">Gobryidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megamerinidae" title="Megamerinidae">Megamerinidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothybidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothybidae">Nothybidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psilidae" title="Psilidae">Psilidae <small>(rust flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatiidae">Somatiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strongylophthalmyiidae" title="Strongylophthalmyiidae">Strongylophthalmyiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syringogaster" title="Syringogaster">Syringogastridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanypezidae" title="Tanypezidae">Tanypezidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Sciomyzoidea" title="Sciomyzoidea">Sciomyzoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coelopidae" title="Coelopidae">Coelopidae <small>(kelp flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryomyzidae" title="Dryomyzidae">Dryomyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helcomyzidae" title="Helcomyzidae">Helcomyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helosciomyzidae" title="Helosciomyzidae">Helosciomyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterocheila" title="Heterocheila">Heterocheilidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huttoninidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Huttoninidae">Huttoninidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalimyzidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Natalimyzidae">Natalimyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeomyiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaeomyiidae">Phaeomyiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropalomeridae" title="Ropalomeridae">Ropalomeridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciomyzidae" title="Sciomyzidae">Sciomyzidae <small>(marsh flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepsidae" title="Sepsidae">Sepsidae <small>(black scavenger flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Sphaeroceroidea" title="Sphaeroceroidea">Sphaeroceroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chyromyidae" title="Chyromyidae">Chyromyidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heleomyzidae" title="Heleomyzidae">Heleomyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannodastiidae" title="Nannodastiidae">Nannodastiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaeroceridae" title="Sphaeroceridae">Sphaeroceridae <small>(small dung flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Lauxanioidea" title="Lauxanioidea">Lauxanioidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celyphidae" title="Celyphidae">Celyphidae <small>(beetle-backed flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamaemyiidae" title="Chamaemyiidae">Chamaemyiidae <small>(aphid flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremifaniidae" title="Cremifaniidae">Cremifaniidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauxaniidae" title="Lauxaniidae">Lauxaniidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Opomyzoidea" title="Opomyzoidea">Opomyzoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agromyzidae" title="Agromyzidae">Agromyzidae <small>(leaf miner flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthomyzidae" title="Anthomyzidae">Anthomyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteiidae" title="Asteiidae">Asteiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulacigastridae" title="Aulacigastridae">Aulacigastridae <small>(sap flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clusiidae" title="Clusiidae">Clusiidae <small>(lekking, or druid flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergusoninidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fergusoninidae">Fergusoninidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginidae">Marginidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neminidae" title="Neminidae">Neminidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurochaetidae" title="Neurochaetidae">Neurochaetidae <small>(upside-down flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odiniidae" title="Odiniidae">Odiniidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opomyzidae" title="Opomyzidae">Opomyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periscelididae" title="Periscelididae">Periscelididae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teratomyzidae" title="Teratomyzidae">Teratomyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenasteiidae" title="Xenasteiidae">Xenasteiidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Ephydroidea" title="Ephydroidea">Ephydroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillidae" title="Camillidae">Camillidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtonotidae" title="Curtonotidae">Curtonotidae <small>(quasimodo flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diastatidae" title="Diastatidae">Diastatidae <small>(bog flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosophilidae" title="Drosophilidae">Drosophilidae <small>(vinegar and fruit flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephydridae" title="Ephydridae">Ephydridae <small>(shore flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormotomyiidae" title="Mormotomyiidae">Mormotomyiidae <small>(frightful hairy fly)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Carnoidea" title="Carnoidea">Carnoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acartophthalmus" title="Acartophthalmus">Acartophthalmidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australimyzidae" title="Australimyzidae">Australimyzidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braulidae" title="Braulidae">Braulidae <small>(bee lice)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canacidae" title="Canacidae">Canacidae <small>(beach flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnidae" title="Carnidae">Carnidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloropidae" title="Chloropidae">Chloropidae <small>(frit flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbiomyiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Inbiomyiidae">Inbiomyiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milichiidae" title="Milichiidae">Milichiidae <small>(freeloader flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lonchaeoidea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptochetidae" title="Cryptochetidae">Cryptochetidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonchaeidae" title="Lonchaeidae">Lonchaeidae <small>(lance flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3.7em;line-height:1em;text-align:center;font-size:80%;"><a href="/wiki/Calyptratae" title="Calyptratae">Calyptratae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;line-height:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Muscoidea" title="Muscoidea">Muscoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthomyiidae" title="Anthomyiidae">Anthomyiidae <small>(cabbage flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanniidae" title="Fanniidae">Fanniidae <small>(little house flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscidae" title="Muscidae">Muscidae <small>(house flies, stable flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scathophagidae" title="Scathophagidae">Scathophagidae <small>(dung flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;line-height:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Oestroidea" title="Oestroidea">Oestroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calliphoridae" title="Calliphoridae">Calliphoridae <small>(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesembrinellidae" title="Mesembrinellidae">Mesembrinellidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_batfly" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand batfly">Mystacinobiidae <small>(New Zealand batfly)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botfly" title="Botfly">Oestridae <small>(botflies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiniidae" title="Rhiniidae">Rhiniidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinophoridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinophoridae">Rhinophoridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flesh_fly" title="Flesh fly">Sarcophagidae <small>(flesh flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachinidae" title="Tachinidae">Tachinidae <small>(tachina flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulurumyiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulurumyiidae">Ulurumyiidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;line-height:3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hippoboscoidea" title="Hippoboscoidea">Hippoboscoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsetse_fly" title="Tsetse fly">Glossinidae <small>(tsetse flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippoboscidae" title="Hippoboscidae">Hippoboscidae <small>(louse flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nycteribiidae" title="Nycteribiidae">Nycteribiidae <small>(bat flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streblidae" title="Streblidae">Streblidae <small>(bat flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Stratiomyomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratiomyomorpha">Stratiomyomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Stratiomyoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Stratiomyoidea" title="Stratiomyoidea">Stratiomyoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantophthalmidae" title="Pantophthalmidae">Pantophthalmidae <small>(timber flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratiomyidae" title="Stratiomyidae">Stratiomyidae <small>(soldier flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylomyidae" title="Xylomyidae">Xylomyidae <small>(wood soldier flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Tabanomorpha" title="Tabanomorpha">Tabanomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhagionoidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhagionoidea (page does not exist)">Rhagionoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austroleptis" title="Austroleptis">Austroleptidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbomyia" title="Bolbomyia">Bolbomyiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhagionidae" title="Rhagionidae">Rhagionidae <small>(snipe flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Tabanoidea" title="Tabanoidea">Tabanoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athericidae" title="Athericidae">Athericidae <small>(water snipe flies)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreoleptidae" title="Oreoleptidae">Oreoleptidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelecorhynchidae" title="Pelecorhynchidae">Pelecorhynchidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabanidae" title="Tabanidae">Tabanidae <small>(horse and deer flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vermileonidae" title="Vermileonidae">Vermileonomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vermileonoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Vermileonidae" title="Vermileonidae">Vermileonoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vermileonidae" title="Vermileonidae">Vermileonidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Xylophagidae" title="Xylophagidae">Xylophagomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Xylophagoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Xylophagidae" title="Xylophagidae">Xylophagoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xylophagidae" title="Xylophagidae">Xylophagidae <small>(awl flies)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Diptera_families" title="List of Diptera families">List of families of Diptera</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Bibionidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431774" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1431774">Q1431774</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bibionidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bibionidae">Bibionidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bibionidae/">Bibionidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/BIBIONIDAE">BIBIONIDAE</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id17346">17346</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=176367">176367</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/3834">3834</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/77F">77F</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/500">500</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1BIBIF">1BIBIF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:11660">11660</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/ee989ca4-994a-428d-9642-69239c365aa9">ee989ca4-994a-428d-9642-69239c365aa9</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7281">7281</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/56097">56097</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104968">104968</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=121316">121316</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000050922">NBNSYS0000050922</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=52729">52729</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/2fd8c5ba-019e-40fb-805a-52e0f41b99b9">2fd8c5ba-019e-40fb-805a-52e0f41b99b9</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=496812">496812</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=70528">70528</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6550F6A-951D-FF8F-23B1-FDABFA13E65D">C6550F6A-951D-FF8F-23B1-FDABFA13E65D</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=150946">150946</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" 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