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<span>Weather station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weather_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_legend_of_The_Lady_of_the_Heather" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_legend_of_The_Lady_of_the_Heather"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The legend of <i>The Lady of the Heather</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_legend_of_The_Lady_of_the_Heather-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>World's most remote tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World's_most_remote_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Campbell Island, New Zealand</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%84" title="جزيرة كامبل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة كامبل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islla_Campbell" title="Islla Campbell – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islla Campbell" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Кэмпбел (востраў) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кэмпбел (востраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Кембъл (остров) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кембъл (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_Campbell" title="Illa Campbell – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa Campbell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_Island_(pulo_sa_New_Zealand)" title="Campbell Island (pulo sa New Zealand) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Campbell Island (pulo sa New Zealand)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%C5%AFv_ostrov" title="Campbellův ostrov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Campbellův ostrov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_Island" title="Campbell Island – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Campbell Island" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell" title="Campbell – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Campbell" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Campbell_(Nueva_Zelanda)" title="Isla Campbell (Nueva Zelanda) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla Campbell (Nueva Zelanda)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampbelinsulo" title="Kampbelinsulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kampbelinsulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_uhartea_(Zeelanda_Berria)" title="Campbell uhartea (Zeelanda Berria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Campbell uhartea (Zeelanda Berria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Campbell_(Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande)" title="Île Campbell (Nouvelle-Zélande) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île Campbell (Nouvelle-Zélande)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Campbell" title="Pulau Campbell – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Campbell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კემპბელის კუნძული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კემპბელის კუნძული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്യാംമ്പെൽ ദ്വീപ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്യാംമ്പെൽ ദ്വീപ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E5%B3%B6" title="キャンベル島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キャンベル島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyspa_Campbella" title="Wyspa Campbella – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyspa Campbella" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_Campbell_(Nova_Zel%C3%A2ndia)" title="Ilha Campbell (Nova Zelândia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha Campbell (Nova Zelândia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кэмпбелл (остров, Новая Зеландия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кэмпбелл (остров, Новая Зеландия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbellov_otok" title="Campbellov otok – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Campbellov otok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Кемпбелл (острів, Нова Зеландія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кемпбелл (острів, Нова Зеландія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_Campbell,_New_Zealand" title="Đảo Campbell, New Zealand – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo Campbell, New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B" title="坎贝尔岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坎贝尔岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3593036#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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<a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Campbell Island (disambiguation)">Campbell Island (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Campbell3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Campbell3.jpg/260px-Campbell3.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Campbell3.jpg/390px-Campbell3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Campbell3.jpg/520px-Campbell3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Six Foot Lake, on Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Campbell_Island_New_Zealand_geographic_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Campbell_Island_New_Zealand_geographic_map_en.svg/260px-Campbell_Island_New_Zealand_geographic_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Campbell_Island_New_Zealand_geographic_map_en.svg/390px-Campbell_Island_New_Zealand_geographic_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Campbell_Island_New_Zealand_geographic_map_en.svg/520px-Campbell_Island_New_Zealand_geographic_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku is located in Pacific Ocean"><img alt="Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku is located in Pacific Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/260px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/390px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/520px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:79.727%;left:39.849%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku"><img alt="Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku in the Pacific</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Etymology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Campbell_(1769%E2%80%931846)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Campbell (1769–1846)">Robert Campbell</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&params=52_32_24_S_169_8_42_E_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°32′24″S</span> <span class="longitude">169°8′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.54000°S 169.14500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-52.54000; 169.14500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Islands" title="Campbell Islands">Campbell Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">112.68 km<sup>2</sup> (43.51 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">569 m (1867 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Honey" title="Mount Honey">Mount Honey</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b>New Zealand</b></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_New_Zealand" title="Time in New Zealand">NZST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B12" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+12">UTC+12</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_New_Zealand" title="Time in New Zealand">NZDST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B13" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+13">UTC+13</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/UN/LOCODE" title="UN/LOCODE">UN/LOCODE</a>: TF</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Desert_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert island">uninhabited</a> <a href="/wiki/Subantarctic" title="Subantarctic">subantarctic</a> island of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and the main island of the <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell Island group">Campbell Island group</a>. It covers 112.68 square kilometres (43.51 sq mi) of the group's 113.31 km<sup>2</sup> (43.75 sq mi), and is surrounded by numerous <a href="/wiki/Stack_(geology)" title="Stack (geology)">stacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islet#Types" title="Islet">rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">islets</a> like <a href="/wiki/Dent_Island,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dent Island, New Zealand">Dent Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folly_Island,_New_Zealand" title="Folly Island, New Zealand">Folly Island</a> (or Folly Islands), Isle de Jeanette-Marie, and <a href="/wiki/Jacquemart_Island" title="Jacquemart Island">Jacquemart Island</a>, the latter being the southernmost extremity of New Zealand. The island is mountainous, rising to over 500 metres (1,640 ft) in the south. A long <a href="/wiki/Fiord" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiord">fiord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perseverance_Harbour" title="Perseverance Harbour">Perseverance Harbour</a>, nearly bisects it, opening out to sea on the east coast. </p><p>The island is listed with the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Outlying_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Outlying Islands">New Zealand Outlying Islands</a>. The island is an immediate part of New Zealand, but not part of any <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">region</a> or <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Authorities_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial Authorities of New Zealand">district</a>, but instead <i>Area Outside Territorial Authority</i>, like all other outlying islands, other than the <a href="/wiki/Solander_Islands" title="Solander Islands">Solander Islands</a>. It is the closest piece of land to the <a href="/wiki/Antipodal_point" title="Antipodal point">antipodal point</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, and the city furthest away is <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, Ireland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Campbell Island is a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campbell_Island_from_ISS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Campbell_Island_from_ISS.jpg/220px-Campbell_Island_from_ISS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Campbell_Island_from_ISS.jpg/330px-Campbell_Island_from_ISS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Campbell_Island_from_ISS.jpg/440px-Campbell_Island_from_ISS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="4240" /></a><figcaption>Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku as viewed from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Campbell Island was discovered in 1810 by Captain <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hasselborough" title="Frederick Hasselborough">Frederick Hasselborough</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">sealing</a> <a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">brig</a> <i>Perseverance</i>, which was owned by shipowner <a href="/wiki/Robert_Campbell_(1769%E2%80%931846)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Campbell (1769–1846)">Robert Campbell</a>'s Sydney-based company Campbell & Co. (whence the island's name).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captain Hasselborough drowned on 4 November 1810 in <a href="/wiki/Perseverance_Harbour" title="Perseverance Harbour">Perseverance Harbour</a> on the south of the island, along with a young woman and a boy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The island became a <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a> hunting base, and the seal population was almost totally eradicated. The first sealing boom was over by the mid-1810s. The second was a brief revival in the 1820s. The sealing era lasted from 1810 till 1912 during which time 49 vessels are recorded visiting for sealing purposes, one of which was lost off the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The whaling boom extended here in the 1830s and '40s. In 1874, the island was visited by a <a href="/wiki/1874_Transit_of_Venus_Expedition_to_Campbell_Island" title="1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island">French scientific expedition</a> intending to view the <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Venus" title="Transit of Venus">transit of Venus</a>. Much of the island's <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> is named after aspects of, or people connected with, the expedition. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P239_Voyage_of_Discovery_Ross_Vol_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/P239_Voyage_of_Discovery_Ross_Vol_1.jpg/220px-P239_Voyage_of_Discovery_Ross_Vol_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/P239_Voyage_of_Discovery_Ross_Vol_1.jpg/330px-P239_Voyage_of_Discovery_Ross_Vol_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/P239_Voyage_of_Discovery_Ross_Vol_1.jpg/440px-P239_Voyage_of_Discovery_Ross_Vol_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4012" data-file-height="2457" /></a><figcaption>Chart of South Harbour, Campbell Island, 1840, by J.E. Davis, master<sup id="cite_ref-Ross1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In December 1840 Campbell Island was the last landfall before the <a href="/wiki/Ross_expedition" title="Ross expedition">Ross expedition</a> explored the Antarctic.<sup id="cite_ref-Ross1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1883 the American schooner <i>Sarah W. Hunt</i>, a whaler, was near Campbell Island. Twelve men in two small whaleboats headed for the island in terrible weather looking for seals. One of the boats disappeared, and the other boat with six men aboard managed to make it ashore. Sanford Miner, the captain of the <i>Sarah W. Hunt</i>, assumed all the whalers were lost, and sailed away to <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a>, New Zealand. Fortunately for the stranded whalers, a seal protection boat, the <i>Kekeno</i>, happened to arrive at the island, and rescued the castaways. The captain's behaviour caused an international scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 19th century, the island became a pastoral lease. <a href="/wiki/Sheep_husbandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep husbandry">Sheep farming</a> was undertaken from 1896 until the lease, along with the sheep and a small herd of cattle, was abandoned in 1931 because of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1907, a group of scientists spent eight days on the island group surveying. The <a href="/wiki/1907_Sub-Antarctic_Islands_Scientific_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition">1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition</a> conducted a magnetic survey and also took botanical, zoological and geological specimens. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Coastwatchers" title="Coastwatchers">coastwatching</a> station was operative at Tucker Cove at the north shore of Perseverance Harbour as part of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Expedition" title="Cape Expedition">Cape Expedition</a> program. </p><p>In 1992, a Campbell Island scene was incorporated into the reverse side design of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_five-dollar_note" title="New Zealand five-dollar note">New Zealand five-dollar note</a> in the fifth series of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar#Banknotes" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand bank notes</a>. The scene includes a <a href="/wiki/Yellow-eyed_penguin" title="Yellow-eyed penguin">yellow-eyed penguin</a> or <i>hoiho</i> (<i>Megadyptes antipodes</i>), a subantarctic lily (<i><a href="/wiki/Bulbinella_rossii" title="Bulbinella rossii">Bulbinella rossii</a></i>), a daisy (<i><a href="/wiki/Pleurophyllum_speciosum" title="Pleurophyllum speciosum">Pleurophyllum speciosum</a></i>), and bull kelp or <i>rimurapa</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Durvillaea_antarctica" title="Durvillaea antarctica">Durvillaea antarctica</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-explaining_currency.pdf_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-explaining_currency.pdf-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu_Claims_Settlement_Act_1998" title="Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998">Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998</a>, the name of the island was officially altered to Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> <a href="/wiki/DXpedition" class="mw-redirect" title="DXpedition">DXpedition</a> organised by the Hellenic Amateur Radio Association of Australia visited Campbell Island during November–December 2012. The team consisted of ten amateur radio operators from around the world, a NZ Department of Conservation Officer, and the ship's crew of six, including the captain, on the sailing vessel "Evohe". The ZL9HR DXpedition team made 42,922 on-air contacts during an eight-day operating period.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weather_station">Weather station</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Weather station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Campbell Island Automatic Weather Station</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baxter-Campbell-Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Baxter-Campbell-Island.jpg/250px-Baxter-Campbell-Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Baxter-Campbell-Island.jpg/375px-Baxter-Campbell-Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Baxter-Campbell-Island.jpg/500px-Baxter-Campbell-Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="507" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Meteorological station at Beeman Cove (unmanned/automatic since 1995)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NZOffshoreIslandsMap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NZOffshoreIslandsMap.png/250px-NZOffshoreIslandsMap.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NZOffshoreIslandsMap.png/375px-NZOffshoreIslandsMap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/NZOffshoreIslandsMap.png/500px-NZOffshoreIslandsMap.png 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="581" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Location in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">New Zealand Subantarctic Islands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Automatic weather station</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&params=52.550973_S_169.150981_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°33′04″S</span> <span class="longitude">169°09′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.550973°S 169.150981°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-52.550973; 169.150981</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1946<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1946</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MetService" title="MetService">MetService</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the coast watching station at Tucker Cove was converted for use as a <a href="/wiki/Meteorological_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorological station">meteorological station</a> until the summer of 1958, when a new base was established at Beeman Cove, a few hundred metres further east. The new location provided improved exposure for the weather instruments, particularly wind recordings, and more modern accommodation for up to 12 full-time staff. </p><p>The new meteorological station (WMO ID 93944) at Beeman Cove was operated by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Meteorological_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Meteorological Service">New Zealand Meteorological Service</a> with ten full-time staff. Each team undertook 12-month expeditions to the island to undertake three hourly weather reports and twice daily <a href="/wiki/Radiosonde" title="Radiosonde">radiosonde</a> flights using hydrogen filled balloons. Weather reports were radioed back to New Zealand using HF radio to ZLW Wellington Radio. In addition to its primary purpose as a meteorological station, staff at the station also operated a seismic monitoring station, made measurements of the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field" title="Earth's magnetic field">Earth's magnetic field</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">ionosphere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aurora_australis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora australis">aurora australis</a>, and undertook <a href="/wiki/Albatross" title="Albatross">Albatross</a> banding and whale counts of primarily <a href="/wiki/Southern_Right_Whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Right Whales">Southern Right Whales</a> for the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wildlife_Service" title="New Zealand Wildlife Service">New Zealand Wildlife Service</a>. </p><p>In April 1992, staff of the weather station were snorkelling at Northwest Bay when one of them, Mike Fraser, was attacked by a <a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">great white shark</a> some 30 metres (100 ft) offshore from the beach at Middle Bay. Fraser managed to return to shore with the assistance of one of his team, Jacinda Amey, after suffering severe lacerations to both his arms. The team kept Fraser alive at the bay—some four kilometres (2.5 mi) from the main base—while a rescue helicopter from <a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D" title="Taupō">Taupō</a> was called and made an emergency flight to the island to repatriate him to <a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a> Hospital. This was the longest ever single-engine helicopter rescue in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jacinda Amey was awarded the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cross_(1999)" title="New Zealand Cross (1999)">New Zealand Cross</a>—the highest bravery medal for civilians—for assisting the injured team member from the water.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rescue helicopter pilot, John Funnell, was awarded the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Bravery_Medal" title="New Zealand Bravery Medal">New Zealand Bravery Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, station staff were permanently withdrawn when the manual weather observation programme was replaced by an automated weather station, and the upper air soundings ceased. Today periodic visits to the island are undertaken by Meteorological Service staff to maintain the weather station on <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a> vessels, which also transport conservation staff undertaking field research. Other visitors to the island include occasional summer time eco-tourism cruises. </p><p>In May 2018, scientists in New Zealand documented what they believe is the largest wave ever recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a> to date. The 23.8-metre (78 ft) wave was measured by a <a href="/wiki/Weather_buoy" title="Weather buoy">weather buoy</a> near the island.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_legend_of_The_Lady_of_the_Heather">The legend of <i>The Lady of the Heather</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The legend of The Lady of the Heather"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Lady of the Heather</i> is the title of a 1945 romantic novel by <a href="/wiki/Will_Lawson" title="Will Lawson">Will Lawson</a>. The novel is a mixture of facts and fiction elaborating on the incidents surrounding Captain Hasselburg's death on Campbell Island. The story is about a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Prince_Charlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonnie Prince Charlie">Bonnie Prince Charlie</a>, exiled to Campbell Island after she is suspected of treachery to the <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite</a> cause.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her character was inspired by Elizabeth Farr.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farr was probably what would now be called a "ship girl", but the presence of a European woman at this remote place, and her death, gave rise to <i>The Lady of the Heather</i> story.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The accident happened when <a href="/wiki/William_Tucker_(settler)" title="William Tucker (settler)">William Tucker</a> was present on the <i>Aurora</i>. Tucker was another unusual character in the sealing era who became the source of a legend and a novel.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remoteness and striking appearance of the sealing grounds, whether on mainland New Zealand or the subantarctic islands, and the sealing era's early place in Australasia's European history, supply the elements for romance and legend which are generally absent in the area's colonial history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Campbell Island has a maritime <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> climate (Köppen <i>ET</i>). The island receives only 647 hours of bright sunshine annually and it can expect less than an hour's sunshine on 215 days (59%) of the year. The peaks of the island are frequently obscured by clouds. It has an annual rainfall of 1,329 millimetres (52.3 in), with rain, mainly light showers or drizzle (although it often snows in the winter and spring), falling on an average of 325 days a year. It is a windy place, with gusts of over 96 kilometres per hour (50 kn; 60 mph) occurring on at least 100 days each year. Variations in daily and annual temperatures are small with a mean annual temperature of 7 °C (44.6 °F), rarely rising above 12.1 °C (53.8 °F). The warmest temperature ever recorded was 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) and the coldest was −7.9 °C (17.8 °F). <sup id="cite_ref-rats_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rats-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Campbell Island (1991–2020 normals) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5<br />(20.3) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #45FF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.7<br />(4.91) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.2<br />(4.02) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.1<br />(4.89) </td> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.1<br />(4.77) </td> <td style="background: #37FF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.6<br />(5.26) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.6<br />(4.47) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.0<br />(4.53) </td> <td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.1<br />(4.26) </td> <td style="background: #51FF51; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.9<br />(4.44) </td> <td style="background: #54FF54; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.3<br />(4.50) </td> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.1<br />(4.65) </td> <td style="background: #54FF54; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.6<br />(4.51) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,402.3<br />(55.21) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #1717FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.8 </td> <td style="background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.5 </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.3 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.2 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.6 </td> <td style="background: #1A1AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">246.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #888888; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.8 </td> <td style="background: #919191; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.4 </td> <td style="background: #797979; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.4 </td> <td style="background: #5B5B5B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.6 </td> <td style="background: #484848; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4 </td> <td style="background: #373737; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">29.2 </td> <td style="background: #393939; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">31.3 </td> <td style="background: #3F3F3F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">34.5 </td> <td style="background: #626262; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.2 </td> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.4 </td> <td style="background: #767676; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.9 </td> <td style="background: #838383; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.2 </td> <td style="background: #646464; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">647.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NIWA National Climate Database (sunshine and extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-niwa_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-niwa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Important_Bird_Area">Important Bird Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Important Bird Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Campbell Island is the most important breeding area of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_royal_albatross" title="Southern royal albatross">southern royal albatross</a>. The island is part of the Campbell Island group <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA), identified as such by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because of its significance as a breeding site for several species of <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a> as well as the endemic <a href="/wiki/Campbell_teal" title="Campbell teal">Campbell teal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campbell_snipe" title="Campbell snipe">Campbell snipe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campbell Island also hosts numerous penguin species that breed on the island, including the <a href="/wiki/Yellow-eyed_penguin" title="Yellow-eyed penguin">yellow-eyed penguin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rockhopper_penguin" title="Rockhopper penguin">rockhopper penguin</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Erect-crested_penguin" title="Erect-crested penguin">erect-crested penguin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Denver_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denver-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other albatross species breed on the island as well, such as the endemic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_black-browed_albatross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campbell black-browed albatross (page does not exist)">Campbell black-browed albatross</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_few_pairs_of_Antipodean_albatross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A few pairs of Antipodean albatross (page does not exist)">a few pairs of Antipodean albatross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Light-mantled_sooty_albatross" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-mantled sooty albatross">light-mantled sooty albatross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black-browed_mollymawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-browed mollymawk">Black-browed mollymawk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grey-headed_mollymawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey-headed mollymawk">grey-headed mollymawk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Denver_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denver-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other bird species that breed on the island include the <a href="/wiki/Sooty_shearwater" title="Sooty shearwater">sooty shearwater</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grey_petrel" title="Grey petrel">grey petrel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/White-chinned_petrel" title="White-chinned petrel">white-chinned petrel</a>, the endemic <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_shag" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell Island shag">Campbell Island shag</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_black_duck" title="Pacific black duck">grey duck</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_skua" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern skua">southern skua</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_black-backed_gull" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern black-backed gull">southern black-backed gull</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Red-billed_gull" title="Red-billed gull">red-billed gull</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_tern" title="Antarctic tern">Antarctic tern</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Song_thrush" title="Song thrush">song thrush</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_blackbird" title="Common blackbird">Common blackbird</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dunnock" title="Dunnock">Dunnock</a> (Hedge sparrow), the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_pipit" title="New Zealand pipit">New Zealand pipit</a>, the <a href="/wiki/White-eye" title="White-eye">white-eye</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_redpoll" title="Lesser redpoll">lesser redpoll</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chaffinch" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaffinch">chaffinch</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Starling" title="Starling">starling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World's_most_remote_tree"><span id="World.27s_most_remote_tree"></span>World's most remote tree</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World's most remote tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Campbell Island is home to what is believed to be the world's most remote tree – a solitary <a href="/wiki/Sitka_spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitka spruce">Sitka spruce</a>, more than 100 years old. The nearest tree is over 222 kilometres (138 mi) away on the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tree is believed to have been introduced by <a href="/wiki/Uchter_Knox,_5th_Earl_of_Ranfurly" title="Uchter Knox, 5th Earl of Ranfurly">Lord Ranfurly</a> between 1901 and 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australian academics have proposed designating the tree as a <a href="/wiki/Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point" title="Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point">golden-spike signal-marker</a> for the start of the <a href="/wiki/Anthropocene" title="Anthropocene">anthropocene</a> epoch.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, the island was gazetted as a <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserve</a>. Feral <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_cattle" title="Campbell Island cattle">Campbell Island cattle</a> were eliminated by about 1984, and feral <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_sheep" title="Campbell Island sheep">Campbell Island sheep</a> were culled during the 1970s and 1980s, with their eventual extermination in 1992. In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">brown rats</a> (Norway rats) were eradicated from the island nearly 200 years after their introduction. This was the world's largest rat eradication programme. The island's rat-free status was confirmed in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-rats_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rats-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the eradication, vegetation and invertebrates have been recovering, seabirds have been returning and the <a href="/wiki/Campbell_teal" title="Campbell teal">Campbell teal</a>, the world's rarest duck, has been reintroduced. An undescribed <i><a href="/wiki/Cyanoramphus" title="Cyanoramphus">Cyanoramphus</a></i> parakeet was discovered (in fossil bones) in 2004, along with evidence of a falcon or harrier.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Banded_dotterel" class="mw-redirect" title="Banded dotterel">Banded dotterel</a> (<i>Charadrius bicinctus</i>) are also believed to have inhabited the island at one point.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other native landbirds include the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_pipit" title="New Zealand pipit">New Zealand pipit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Campbell_snipe" title="Campbell snipe">Campbell snipe</a>, a race of the Subantarctic snipe, <i><a href="/wiki/Coenocorypha_aucklandica" class="mw-redirect" title="Coenocorypha aucklandica">Coenocorypha aucklandica</a></i>, described race perseverance. It was discovered only in 1997 on a tiny rat-free island off the south coast, Jacqeumart Island. The snipe had survived there and began recolonising the main island after the rats had been removed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marine_mammal" title="Marine mammal">Marine mammals</a> have shown gradual recovery in the past decades. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">Sea lions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">southern elephant seals</a> have begun to re-colonize the island.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">southern right whales</a> still come into bays in the winter to winter or calve, most notably at Northwest Bay and Perseverance Harbour,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in much smaller number than in the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whales</a> used to inhabit close to shore.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area is one of five subantarctic island groups designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Campbell Island is an extinct alkaline <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a> that marine erosion has worn down into its present shape.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adams_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volcano has been extinct for some six million years, and glacial ice cover prevented vegetation from growing on the island until approximately 15,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiite" title="Hawaiite">hawaiite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mugearite" title="Mugearite">mugearite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">trachyte</a> are the dominant <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">volcanic rocks</a> comprising Campbell Island. They were erupted between 6.5 and 11 million years ago during the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> epoch.<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is considered to be part of the submerged continent of <a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the New Zealand government had coastal watchers on the island with trained naturalists who made observations of the geology, flora, and fauna of Campbell Island.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To mark the 200th anniversary of its discovery, the Campbell Island Bicentennial Expedition (CIBE) was undertaken from December 2010 to February 2011. The research expedition was the largest multidisciplinary expedition to the island in over 20 years, and aimed to document the island's human history, assess recovery of the island's flora and invertebrate fauna since the removal of sheep and the world's largest rat eradication programme, study the island's plentiful but little understood streams and characterise the unusual stream fauna, and reconstruct past environmental conditions and deduce long term climate change from tarn sediment cores. </p><p>The expedition was run by the 50 Degrees South Trust, a charitable organisation established to further research and education on New Zealand's Subantarctic Islands, and to support the preservation and management of these World Heritage ecosystems. The expedition and the programme outputs can be followed at the CIBE website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephantseal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vagrant adolescent male elephant seal Mirounga leonina resting in the tussock grasses"><img alt="Vagrant adolescent male elephant seal Mirounga leonina resting in the tussock grasses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Elephantseal.jpg/283px-Elephantseal.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Elephantseal.jpg/424px-Elephantseal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Elephantseal.jpg/565px-Elephantseal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="519" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vagrant adolescent male <a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">elephant seal</a> <i>Mirounga leonina</i> resting in the tussock grasses</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand_scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Zealand sea lions disporting themselves among the tussock grass"><img alt="New Zealand sea lions disporting themselves among the tussock grass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Campbell_Island%2C_New_Zealand_scene.jpg/265px-Campbell_Island%2C_New_Zealand_scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Campbell_Island%2C_New_Zealand_scene.jpg/398px-Campbell_Island%2C_New_Zealand_scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Campbell_Island%2C_New_Zealand_scene.jpg/530px-Campbell_Island%2C_New_Zealand_scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="793" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lions</a> disporting themselves among the tussock grass</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campbell_Island_Landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campbell Island landscape (taken during an unusually warm and dry late summer)"><img alt="Campbell Island landscape (taken during an unusually warm and dry late summer)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Campbell_Island_Landscape.jpg/286px-Campbell_Island_Landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Campbell_Island_Landscape.jpg/429px-Campbell_Island_Landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Campbell_Island_Landscape.jpg/572px-Campbell_Island_Landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Campbell Island landscape (taken during an unusually warm and dry late summer)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campbell_Island_and_megaherbs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campbell Island landscape with a megaherb community in the foreground"><img alt="Campbell Island landscape with a megaherb community in the foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Campbell_Island_and_megaherbs.jpg/240px-Campbell_Island_and_megaherbs.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Campbell_Island_and_megaherbs.jpg/360px-Campbell_Island_and_megaherbs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Campbell_Island_and_megaherbs.jpg/480px-Campbell_Island_and_megaherbs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Campbell Island landscape with a <a href="/wiki/Megaherb" title="Megaherb">megaherb</a> community in the foreground</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 199.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 197.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Royal_Albatross_in_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Southern royal albatross in flight"><img alt="Southern royal albatross in flight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Southern_Royal_Albatross_in_flight.jpg/296px-Southern_Royal_Albatross_in_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Southern_Royal_Albatross_in_flight.jpg/443px-Southern_Royal_Albatross_in_flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Southern_Royal_Albatross_in_flight.jpg/591px-Southern_Royal_Albatross_in_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Southern_royal_albatross" title="Southern royal albatross">Southern royal albatross</a> in flight</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 143.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pair_of_Southern_Royal_Albatrosses.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pair of southern royal albatrosses"><img alt="Pair of southern royal albatrosses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pair_of_Southern_Royal_Albatrosses.jpg/215px-Pair_of_Southern_Royal_Albatrosses.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pair_of_Southern_Royal_Albatrosses.jpg/323px-Pair_of_Southern_Royal_Albatrosses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Pair_of_Southern_Royal_Albatrosses.jpg/431px-Pair_of_Southern_Royal_Albatrosses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pair of <a href="/wiki/Southern_royal_albatross" title="Southern royal albatross">southern royal albatrosses</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Royal_Albatross_(Diomedea_epomophora)_with_chick_on_Campbell_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Southern royal albatross, Diomedea epomophora with chick on mound nest on Campbell Island"><img alt="Southern royal albatross, Diomedea epomophora with chick on mound nest on Campbell Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Southern_Royal_Albatross_%28Diomedea_epomophora%29_with_chick_on_Campbell_Island.jpg/127px-Southern_Royal_Albatross_%28Diomedea_epomophora%29_with_chick_on_Campbell_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Southern_Royal_Albatross_%28Diomedea_epomophora%29_with_chick_on_Campbell_Island.jpg/191px-Southern_Royal_Albatross_%28Diomedea_epomophora%29_with_chick_on_Campbell_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Southern_Royal_Albatross_%28Diomedea_epomophora%29_with_chick_on_Campbell_Island.jpg/255px-Southern_Royal_Albatross_%28Diomedea_epomophora%29_with_chick_on_Campbell_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Southern_royal_albatross" title="Southern royal albatross">Southern royal albatross</a>, <i>Diomedea epomophora</i> with chick on mound nest on Campbell Island</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campbell2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sea lions playing at Northwest Bay"><img alt="Sea lions playing at Northwest Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Campbell2.jpg/240px-Campbell2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Campbell2.jpg/360px-Campbell2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Campbell2.jpg/480px-Campbell2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sea lions playing at Northwest Bay</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megaherbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaherbs">Megaherbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_teal" title="Campbell teal">Campbell teal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell Island group">Campbell Island group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_subantarctic_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand subantarctic islands">New Zealand subantarctic islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands">List of islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert island">Desert island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_Island_(Alaska)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rat Island (Alaska)">Rat Island</a>, where rats have also been eradicated</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lJd8_owUxFEC&pg=PA78">The Antarctic Dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.K. Headland, <i>Historical Antarctic Sealing Industry</i>, Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, 2018, p.166.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-901021-26-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-901021-26-7">978-0-901021-26-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ross1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ross1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ross1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1847" class="citation book cs1">Ross, James Clark (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/177092"><i>A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, during the Years 1839-43. Volume 1</i></a>. Vol. 1. John Murray. pp. 154–164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Voyage+of+Discovery+and+Research+in+the+Southern+and+Antarctic+Regions%2C+during+the+Years+1839-43.+Volume+1.&rft.pages=154-164&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=James+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F177092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACampbell+Island%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TS18831212.2.33">"The Sarah W. Hunt"</a>. <i>Star</i>. No. 4873. 12 December 1883<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star&rft.atitle=The+Sarah+W.+Hunt&rft.issue=4873&rft.date=1883-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FTS18831212.2.33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACampbell+Island%2C+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian S. Kerr, Campbell Island, a History, Wellington: A.H. & A.W. 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Campbell_Island" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Campbell Island">Campbell Island</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ortho.linz.govt.nz/nz_offshore_islands/campbell_high_res.jpg">Topographic map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409220630/http://ortho.linz.govt.nz/nz_offshore_islands/campbell_high_res.jpg">Archived</a> 9 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Campbell Island, NZMS 272/3, Edition 1, 1986.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qsl.net/zl9ci/zl9info.html">Long description of Campbell Island and especially its history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/science/plants-animals-fungi/fungi/describing-the-fungi-of-new-zealand/subantarctic-fungi/subantarctic-islands/campbell-island">Landcare Research - Campbell Island</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.50south.org.nz/campbell-island/home">Campbell Island Bicentennial Expedition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ciinvertkey.com/">Campbell Island Freshwater Invertebrate Identification Keys</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Campbell_Islands,_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campbell_Islands" title="Template:Campbell Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campbell_Islands" title="Template talk:Campbell Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campbell_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campbell Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Campbell_Islands,_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Islands" title="Campbell Islands">Campbell Islands</a>, New Zealand</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_the_Campbell_Islands" title="List of birds of the Campbell Islands">Birds of the Campbell Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Campbell Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dent_Island_(New_Zealand)" title="Dent Island (New Zealand)">Dent Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquemart_Island" title="Jacquemart Island">Jacquemart Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folly_Island,_New_Zealand" title="Folly Island, New Zealand">Folly Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Dumas" title="Mount Dumas">Mount Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Fizeau" title="Mount Fizeau">Mount Fizeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Honey" title="Mount Honey">Mount Honey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_Harbour" title="Perseverance Harbour">Perseverance Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Bay_(New_Zealand)" title="Venus Bay (New Zealand)">Venus Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marine reserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moutere_Ihupuku_/_Campbell_Island_Marine_Reserve" title="Moutere Ihupuku / Campbell Island Marine Reserve">Moutere Ihupuku / Campbell Island Marine Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Endemic species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abrotanella_rosulata" title="Abrotanella rosulata">Abrotanella rosulata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthomurus_rivalis" title="Acanthomurus rivalis">Acanthomurus rivalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asaphodes_campbellensis" title="Asaphodes campbellensis">Asaphodes campbellensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_albatross" title="Campbell albatross">Campbell albatross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_cattle" title="Campbell Island cattle">Campbell Island cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_sheep" title="Campbell Island sheep">Campbell Island sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_shag" title="Campbell shag">Campbell shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_snipe" title="Campbell snipe">Campbell snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_teal" title="Campbell teal">Campbell teal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campbellana" title="Campbellana">Campbellana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptopygus_campbellensis" title="Cryptopygus campbellensis">Cryptopygus campbellensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Friesea_litoralis" title="Friesea litoralis">Friesea litoralis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neoramia_hoggi" title="Neoramia hoggi">Neoramia hoggi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parakatianna_salmoni" title="Parakatianna salmoni">Parakatianna salmoni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pholcomma_hickmani" title="Pholcomma hickmani">Pholcomma hickmani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rayforstia_wisei" title="Rayforstia wisei">Rayforstia wisei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waipoua_gressitti" title="Waipoua gressitti">Waipoua gressitti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zelandanura" title="Zelandanura">Zelandanura</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1874_Transit_of_Venus_Expedition_to_Campbell_Island" title="1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island">1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Expedition" title="Cape Expedition">Cape Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_expedition" title="Ross expedition">Ross expedition</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Botany_of_Lord_Auckland%27s_Group_and_Campbell%27s_Island" title="Botany of Lord Auckland's Group and Campbell's Island">Botany of Lord Auckland's Group and Campbell's Island</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Antarctic_Islands_Scientific_Expedition" title="Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition">Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_New_Zealand" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Snares_Islands_/_Tini_Heke" class="mw-redirect" title="Snares Islands / Tini Heke">Snares Islands / Tini Heke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bounty_Islands" title="Bounty Islands">Bounty Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antipodes_Islands" title="Antipodes Islands">Antipodes Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_/_Motu_Ihupuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku">Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Wahipounamu" title="Te Wahipounamu">Te Wahipounamu – South West New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongariro_National_Park" title="Tongariro National Park">Tongariro National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Oceania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania">List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Peri-Antarctic_countries_and_overseas_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Peri-Antarctic_countries_and_overseas_territories" title="Template:Peri-Antarctic countries and overseas territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peri-Antarctic_countries_and_overseas_territories" title="Template talk:Peri-Antarctic countries and overseas territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peri-Antarctic_countries_and_overseas_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peri-Antarctic countries and overseas territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peri-Antarctic_countries_and_overseas_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic" title="Subantarctic">Peri-Antarctic</a> countries and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern Territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">NZ Subantarctic Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Islands" title="Prince Edward Islands">Prince Edward Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>"Peri-Antarctic" (meaning "close to the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a>") does <i><b>not</b></i> include <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">territorial claims in Antarctica</a> itself.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_area" title="List of Oceanian countries by area">List of Oceanian countries by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">List of Oceanian countries by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3593036#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85019215">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283382305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Campbell_Island,_New_Zealand&params=52_32.4_S_169_8.7_E_region:NZ_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°32.4′S</span> <span class="longitude">169°8.7′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.5400°S 169.1450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-52.5400; 169.1450</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    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