CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Dream interpretation - RationalWiki</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z_c3xfZkNctO1rBvFtEfwQAAAUA","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dream_interpretation","wgTitle":"Dream interpretation","wgCurRevisionId":2544808,"wgRevisionId":2544808,"wgArticleId":115413,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using DynamicPageList parser function","Articles with unsourced statements","Bronze-level articles","Pseudoscience","New Age","Paranormal","Parapsychology","Pseudopsychology","Psychology","Sleep","Woo","Psychoanalysis"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Dream_interpretation","wgRelevantArticleId":115413,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Dream","wgMediaViewerOnClick":!0,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":!0,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Dream_interpretation"};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.35.6"/> <meta name="description" content="Dream interpretation refers to a collection of "therapies" or methods by which a person's dreams are supposedly interpreted."/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit"/> <link rel="edit" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="RationalWiki (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="license" href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="RationalWiki Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Dream_interpretation"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="RationalWiki"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Dream interpretation"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Dream interpretation refers to a collection of "therapies" or methods by which a person's dreams are supposedly interpreted."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Dream_interpretation"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dream_interpretation rootpage-Dream_interpretation skin-vector action-view minerva--history-page-action-enabled skin-vector-legacy"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><div id="localNotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="2025_RationalWiki_.27Oregon_Plan.27_Fundraiser"> <table role="presentation" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left;"><big><center><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser">2025 RationalWiki 'Oregon Plan' Fundraiser</a></b></center></big> <p><b>There is no RationalWiki without you.</b> We are a small non-profit with no staff—we are hundreds of volunteers who document pseudoscience and crankery around the world every day. We will never allow ads because we must remain independent. We cannot rely on big donors with corresponding big agendas. We are not the largest website around, but <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser">we believe we play an important role in defending truth and objectivity</a>. </p> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;"><big><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser">Fighting pseudoscience isn't free</a>.<br />We are 100% user-supported! Help and donate $5, $10, $20 or whatever you can today with <img alt="PayPal Logo.png" src="/w/images/thumb/f/fb/PayPal_Logo.png/61px-PayPal_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="17" srcset="/w/images/thumb/f/fb/PayPal_Logo.png/92px-PayPal_Logo.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/f/fb/PayPal_Logo.png/122px-PayPal_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="244" />!</b></big><a href="https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=67BJMQC85CUFW" title="Donate via PayPal" rel="nofollow"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/1/10/DonateButton.png/100px-DonateButton.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="32" srcset="/w/images/thumb/1/10/DonateButton.png/150px-DonateButton.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/1/10/DonateButton.png/200px-DonateButton.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="241" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="progressbar" style="width: 100%; border: 2px solid black; position: relative; padding: 2px; border-radius: 18px;"> <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser"><span style="text-shadow: -1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF, 1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF, -1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF; color: black; font-size: 125%; position: absolute; left: 0%; margin: 0 0 0 10px"><b>Donations so far: $9223.37</b></span></a><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser"><span style="text-shadow: -1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF, 1px -1px 0 #FFFFFF, -1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 1px 1px 0 #FFFFFF; color: black; font-size: 125%; position: absolute; right: 0%; margin: 0 10px 0 0"><b>Goal: $10000</b></span></a><div style="height: 28px; border-radius: 14px; background-color: hsl(73.78696,100%,45%); width: 92.2337%;"></div> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> <div id="mw-indicator-bronze" class="mw-indicator"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze-level_articles" title="Category:Bronze-level articles"><img alt="Bronze-level article" src="/w/images/thumb/3/3d/Copperbrain.png/25px-Copperbrain.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" style="vertical-align: baseline" srcset="/w/images/thumb/3/3d/Copperbrain.png/38px-Copperbrain.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/3/3d/Copperbrain.png/50px-Copperbrain.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Dream interpretation</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From RationalWiki</div> <div id="contentSub"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Dream">Dream</a>)</span></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #009955; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#009955"><b>Style over substance</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Pseudoscience</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#CCEADD;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Pseudoscience" title="Category:Pseudoscience"><img alt="Icon pseudoscience.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/7/7a/Icon_pseudoscience.svg/100px-Icon_pseudoscience.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/7/7a/Icon_pseudoscience.svg/150px-Icon_pseudoscience.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/7/7a/Icon_pseudoscience.svg/200px-Icon_pseudoscience.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#009955; text-align:center;"><b>Popular <a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudosciences" title="List of pseudosciences"><font color="white">pseudosciences</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#CCEADD;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialism" title="Racialism">Racialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudopsychology" title="Pseudopsychology">Pseudopsychology</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#009955; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Pseudoscience" title="Category:Pseudoscience"><font color="white">Random examples</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#CCEADD;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Potential_Movement" title="Human Potential Movement">Human Potential Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah_water" title="Kabbalah water">Kabbalah water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%A9opathie" title="Homéopathie">Homéopathie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Haunting_Of" title="The Haunting Of">The Haunting Of</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egmond_Codfried" title="Egmond Codfried">Egmond Codfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_Gym" title="Brain Gym">Brain Gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Romanek" title="Stan Romanek">Stan Romanek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialism" title="Racialism">Racialism</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pseudosciencenav" title="Template:Pseudosciencenav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pseudosciencenav" title="Template talk:Pseudosciencenav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Pseudosciencenav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dream interpretation</b> refers to a collection of "therapies" or methods by which a person's dreams are supposedly interpreted. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Freud_and_Jung"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Freud and Jung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Activation-synthesis_hypothesis"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Activation-synthesis hypothesis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Threat_simulation_theory"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Threat simulation theory</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Difficulties_with_dream_research"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Difficulties with dream research</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Woo_and_quackery"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Woo and quackery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Dreams have long held a special place in <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mysticism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>. Since ancient times, enterprising imaginations have regularly interpreted dreams as communication between humans and the <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">divine</a>, as messages from the <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">great beyond</a> or from <a href="/wiki/Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit">spirits</a> still walking the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, and as <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecies</a>. The ancient <a href="/wiki/Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> believed that the <a href="/wiki/Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Gods">gods</a> could speak to mortals through dreams. <a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">Sleeping</a> and dreaming in temples dedicated to the god of medicine and healing, Asklepios, was thought to be able to cure illness. (The temples were called Asklepeions and the process was known as "incubating".)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> was the first person known to dismiss claims of predictions made in dreams as <a href="/wiki/Coincidence" title="Coincidence">coincidences</a>. </p><p>Similar ideas as those of the Greeks about dreaming have been documented in ancient <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese">Chinese</a> (who had systems involving two or ten souls per person<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>) believed that a <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a> literally left the body during sleep.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> famously contains a <a href="/wiki/Failed_biblical_prophecies#Daniel_interprets_Nebuchadnezzar.27s_dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Failed biblical prophecies">failed prophecy involving the interpretation of Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar's dream</a>. Dreams play an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism"> Zoroastrian</a> religion. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Americans">Native Americans</a> strongly believed in the dream world. They regarded dreams as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alternate_realities" class="extiw" title="wp:alternate realities" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: alternate realities">alternate realities</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> giving them much value in their <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life"> lives</a>. They applied the information learned about medicine and rituals from their dreams in their waking lives.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Freud_and_Jung">Freud and Jung</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Freud and Jung">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Dream interpretation played a large role in <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>'s writings on <a href="/wiki/Psychological" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological">psychological</a> therapy. Freud (1856-1939) regarded dreams as a form of wish-fulfillment which contained both "manifest" and "latent" content. The manifest content was the literal portion of the dream, which consisted of various coded symbols that represented the latent content. The latent content was the true desire or emotion that was being repressed and kept in the unconscious mind. Freud initially called this act of repression "the censor" in his book <i>The Interpretation of Dreams</i> (1899), but later referred to the censor as the work of the ego and super-ego after he developed his three-part system of consciousness. He believed nightmares were the product of the censor repressing this wish-fulfillment.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> For this reason, Freud made heavy use of dream interpretation in his psychoanalytic therapy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> (1875-1961) grafted his own ideas onto Freud's, modifying them to fit into his concept of archetypes. Jung believed that dreams were not simply wish-fulfillment, but the expression of a person's archetype and shadow forms (these are similar to <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato"> Platonic</a> ideals). He also believed that one could access the "collective unconscious", or humanity's collective memory, through dreams. He renamed "manifest" and "latent" content to "objective" and "subjective" respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>Calvin Hall developed a "cognitive" theory of dreaming in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> However, he based his work on Freud and Jung, viewing dreams as similarly having symbols that must be decoded in some way to be understood - this idea is not currently accepted within cognitive psychology. </p><p>The big problem with Freudian ideas (and their derivatives) about dream interpretation is that they lack the ability to be <a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">falsified</a> or <a href="/wiki/Replicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Replicate">replicated</a> (much like the rest of Freudian psychoanalysis). Freud and his followers based their work on specialized case-studies and a good amount of <a href="/wiki/PIDOOMA" title="PIDOOMA"> theorizing</a>. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Activation-synthesis_hypothesis">Activation-synthesis hypothesis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activation-synthesis hypothesis">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png/330px-Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png/500px-Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png/960px-Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Schematic of the human brain, indicating the pons and cerebrum</div></div></div> <p>The activation-synthesis <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">hypothesis</a> was first put forth by J. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley in 1977. This hypothesis claims that dreams are essentially interpretations of neuronal activity in the brainstem (specifically the pons) during rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep, and thus they are largely a meaningless jumble of fake sensory experiences. Mark Solms has claimed that, based on his own research, REM sleep is not necessary for dreaming and that the forebrain (cerebrum) does play a large role in dreaming, lending credibility to the notion that there is some deeper meaning in dreams. The Hobson-Solms debate has spanned over multiple decades and still rages on today.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Threat_simulation_theory">Threat simulation theory</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Threat simulation theory">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The threat simulation <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">theory</a> (TST) proposed by Antti Revonsuo attempted to take an <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">evolutionary</a> approach to dreams. Revonsuo has postulated that dreaming served an adaptive purpose in allowing humans to "simulate" predatory threats during their sleep and practice escaping them.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Mark Solms has criticized TST because threat-related dreams make up only a fraction of total dreams and because TST lacks explanatory and predictive value in a number of other areas.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Difficulties_with_dream_research">Difficulties with dream research</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Difficulties with dream research">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>There are a number of apparent difficulties in conducting research on dreams that have led to a lack of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus" title="Scientific consensus">consensus</a> and mountains of contradictory research in the field. Dreams are quickly and easily forgotten (which is why the use of dream logs is common) and memories of dreams may be created from nothing through the process of <a href="/wiki/Confabulation" title="Confabulation">confabulation</a>. In fact, some research has shown that people forget 95% of their dreams.<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Help:References" title="Help:References"><i>citation needed</i></a>]</sup> It is also difficult to generate hypotheses that are falsifiable, testable, and able to be replicated due to the limited ability to observe dreaming under controlled conditions. It's likely that more powerful and accurate brain scanning technology will be required before a consensus can begin to develop on the nature of dreams. There are numerous other hypotheses than the ones mentioned here with their own relevant bodies of supportive and critical research. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Woo_and_quackery">Woo and quackery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Woo and quackery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>As has been true throughout history, massive amounts of <a href="/wiki/Woo" title="Woo">woo</a> surrounds dreams. Dream interpretation as used in therapy ranges from your run-of-the-mill <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a> in which therapists claim that dream interpretation is based on "scientifically sound evidence" and attempt to use it in their therapy sessions, to the even more quacky amalgams of dream interpretation and <a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">hypnotherapy</a>, and the really out there woo of things like using dream interpretation in <a href="/wiki/Past_life_regression_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Past life regression therapy">past life regression therapy</a>. </p><p>You can also go down to your local bookstore and find various "dream dictionaries" for sale claiming to be a reference guide for symbols in dreams so that you can perform dream interpretation on yourself. The fact that the meanings of the symbols can vary wildly from book to book demonstrates the <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">quality and accuracy</a> of these dictionaries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>-type tracts are fond of covering dream interpretation. This often involves various <a href="/wiki/Brainwave_woo" title="Brainwave woo">misconceptions about the nature of brainwaves</a> and their relation to sleeping states. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forer_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Forer effect">Forer effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">Hallucination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucid_dream" title="Lucid dream">Lucid dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudopsychology" title="Pseudopsychology">Pseudopsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_paralysis" title="Sleep paralysis">Sleep paralysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purported_legal_highs#Dreamachine" title="Purported legal highs">Dreamachine</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li>Example of a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dream.dictionary-dream.info/">bogus dream dictionary</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepdic.com/dreams.html">Dreams entry</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awaresy.com/the-17-most-common-dreams-and-what-they-actually-really-mean-596/">The 17 Most Common Dreams and What They Mean</a> - The Meaning Behind The Most Common Dreams and Nightmares</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/1/eh151.jsp?obj_id=2395">Asklepieion at Epidaurus</a>, Greek Ministry of Culture</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/11189/nfhistory.htm">Dream History</a>, Think Quest</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2708880">/* Errors processing stylesheet [[:Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] (rev 2708880): • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 44 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 50 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 55 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 64 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 96 character 9. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 100 character 9. • Invalid media query at line 138 character 8. */ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaspero1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Maspero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Maspero (page does not exist)">Maspero, Henri</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jK3XAAAAMAAJ"><i>Taoism and Chinese Religion</i></a>. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870233081" title="Special:BookSources/9780870233081"><bdi>9780870233081</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-17</span></span>. <q>Man has no fewer than ten souls, three rational souls (hun) and seven vegetative souls (p'o), which are separated after death into two groups [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taoism+and+Chinese+Religion&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780870233081&rft.aulast=Maspero&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjK3XAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3ADream+interpretation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dreammoods.com/dreaminformation/history.htm">Dreams in History</a>, Dream Moods</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFMaciocia2009" class="citation book cs1">Maciocia, Giovanni (2009). "The Ethereal Soul (Hun)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i3QBLA-bRBIC"><i>The Psyche in Chinese Medicine E-Book: Treatment of Emotional and Mental Disharmonies with Acupuncture and Chinese Herbs</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780702047770" title="Special:BookSources/9780702047770"><bdi>9780702047770</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-17</span></span>. <q>Dreams derive from the wandering of the Ethereal Soul at night; when the Ethereal Soul goes to the eyes in daytime, we see; when it goes to the eyes at night, we dream.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ethereal+Soul+%28Hun%29&rft.btitle=The+Psyche+in+Chinese+Medicine+E-Book%3A+Treatment+of+Emotional+and+Mental+Disharmonies+with+Acupuncture+and+Chinese+Herbs&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780702047770&rft.aulast=Maciocia&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di3QBLA-bRBIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3ADream+interpretation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldofdreamsymbols.com/history-of-dreams.html">History of Dreams</a>, World Of Dream Symbols</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psywww.com/books/interp/toc.htm"><i>The Interpretation of Dreams</i> (Third Ed.)</a> by Sigmund Freud</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carl-jung.net/dreams.html">Dream interpretations</a>, Carl-Jung.net</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, C. S. (1953).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psych.ucsc.edu/dreams/Library/hall_1953b.html">A cognitive theory of dreams.</a> <i>The Journal of General Psychology</i>, 49, 273-282. Abridged version in M. F. DeMartino (Ed.). (1959). Dreams and Personality Dynamics (pp. 123-134). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Domhoff, G. W. (2005).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psych.ucsc.edu/dreams/Library/domhoff_2005b.html">Refocusing the neurocognitive approach to dreams: A critique of the Hobson versus Solms debate.</a> <i>Dreaming</i>, 15, 3-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Valli, Katja, Antti Revonsuo, Outi Palkas, et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16767287">The threat simulation theory of the evolutionary function of dreaming: Evidence from dreams of traumatized children.</a> <i>Consciousness and Cognition</i>. 2005, vol. 14, no 1 (232 p.) [Document : 31 p.] (2 p.1/4), pp. 188-218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm-Smith, Susan, Mark Solms, Oliver Turnbull, and Colin Tredoux.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://postcog.ucd.ie/files/Malcolm-Smith%20et%20al.%202008_0.pdf">Threat in dreams: An adaptation?</a> <i>Consciousness and Cognition</i> 17 (2008) 1281–129</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&oldid=2544808">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&oldid=2544808</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bronze-level_articles" title="Category:Bronze-level articles">Bronze-level articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pseudoscience" title="Category:Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Age" title="Category:New Age">New Age</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paranormal" title="Category:Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parapsychology" title="Category:Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pseudopsychology" title="Category:Pseudopsychology">Pseudopsychology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychology" title="Category:Psychology">Psychology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sleep" title="Category:Sleep">Sleep</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Woo" title="Category:Woo">Woo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychoanalysis" title="Category:Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_DynamicPageList_parser_function" title="Category:Pages using DynamicPageList parser function">Pages using DynamicPageList parser function</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements">Articles with unsourced statements</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head">  <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label"> <span>Personal tools</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</li><li id="pt-anontalk"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dream+interpretation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dream+interpretation" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation">  <nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label"> <span>Namespaces</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/Dream_interpretation" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Page</a></li><li id="ca-talk"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dream_interpretation" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" class="vector-menu-checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" /> <h3 id="p-variants-label"> <span>Variants</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="menu vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation">  <nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-views-label"> <span>Views</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="collapsible selected"><a href="/wiki/Dream_interpretation">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">Fossil record</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" class="vector-menu-checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" /> <h3 id="p-cactions-label"> <span>More</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="menu vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search"> <h3 > <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform"> <div id="simpleSearch"> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search RationalWiki" title="Search RationalWiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search the pages for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a title="Visit the main page" class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page"></a> </div>  <nav id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal portal-first" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label"> <span>Navigation</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random mainspace article [x]" accesskey="x">Random page</a></li><li id="n-New-pages"><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPages">New pages</a></li><li id="n-All-logs"><a href="/wiki/Special:Log">All logs</a></li><li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="RTFM">Help</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-support" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-support-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-support-label"> <span>Support</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Donate"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Site_support">Donate</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-community" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-community-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-community-label"> <span>Community</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Saloon-bar"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Saloon_bar">Saloon bar</a></li><li id="n-To-do-list"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:To_do_list">To do list</a></li><li id="n-What-is-going-on.3F"><a href="/wiki/WIGO">What is going on?</a></li><li id="n-Best-of-RationalWiki"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Contents">Best of RationalWiki</a></li><li id="n-About-RationalWiki"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki">About RationalWiki</a></li><li id="n-Technical-support"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Technical_support">Technical support</a></li><li id="n-Mod-noticeboard"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki_talk:All_things_in_moderation">Mod noticeboard</a></li><li id="n-RMF-noticeboard"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki_talk:RationalMedia_Foundation">RMF noticeboard</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-Social media" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Social media-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Social media-label"> <span>Social media</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/RationalWiki" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></li><li id="n-Mastodon"><a href="https://mstdn.social/@rationalwiki" rel="nofollow">Mastodon</a></li><li id="n-Facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Rationalwiki/226614404019306" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></li><li id="n-Discord"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Discord">Discord</a></li><li id="n-Reddit"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Reddit">Reddit</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-tb" class="vector-menu vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-tb-label"> <span>Tools</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Dream_interpretation" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Dream_interpretation" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&oldid=2544808" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_interpretation&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" > <ul id="footer-info" > <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 21:15.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all content licensed as indicated by <a name="Copyright" href="//rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights">RationalWiki:Copyrights</a>. <br> For concerns on copyright infringement please see: <a name="Copyright infringement" href="//rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyright_violations">RationalWiki:Copyright violations</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" > <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Privacy_policy" title="RationalWiki:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:About" class="mw-redirect" title="RationalWiki:About">About RationalWiki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:General_disclaimer" title="RationalWiki:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"><img src="/w/88x31.png" alt="CC-BY-SA 3.0, or any later version" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> </ul> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.274","walltime":"0.981","ppvisitednodes":{"value":474,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":10169,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1424,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":100},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11968,"limit":5000000},"timingprofile":["100.00% 494.857 1 -total"," 61.33% 303.501 1 Template:Reflist"," 57.44% 284.244 2 Template:Cite_book"," 23.43% 115.960 1 Template:Pseudosciencenav"," 22.88% 113.213 1 Template:Navsidebar"," 19.31% 95.581 1 Template:Navsidebar2"," 17.31% 85.650 1 Template:Randomarticles"," 6.64% 32.870 1 Template:Bronze"," 6.64% 32.855 1 Template:Cn"," 2.64% 13.071 1 Template:Extension_DPL"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.080","limit":"7"},"limitreport-virtmemusage":{"value":7868416,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-estmemusage":0},"cachereport":{"origin":"apache5","timestamp":"20250409204948","ttl":86400,"transientcontent":false}}});mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":57,"wgHostname":"apache5"});});</script></body></html>