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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Extension headers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extension_headers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Extension headers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Extension_headers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hop-by-hop_options_and_destination_options" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hop-by-hop_options_and_destination_options"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hop-by-hop options and destination options</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hop-by-hop_options_and_destination_options-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Routing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Routing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Routing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Routing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fragment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fragment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fragment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fragment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authentication_Header_(AH)_and_Encapsulating_Security_Payload_(ESP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authentication_Header_(AH)_and_Encapsulating_Security_Payload_(ESP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authentication_Header_(AH)_and_Encapsulating_Security_Payload_(ESP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Payload" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Payload"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Payload</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Payload-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Payload subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Payload-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standard_payload_length" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_payload_length"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Standard payload length</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_payload_length-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jumbogram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jumbogram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Jumbogram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jumbogram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fragmentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fragmentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fragmentation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fragmentation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fragmentation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fragmentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fragmenting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fragmenting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fragmenting</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Smallest message entity exchanged using Internet Protocol version 6</div> <p>An <b>IPv6 packet</b> is the smallest message entity exchanged using <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_version_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Protocol version 6">Internet Protocol version 6</a> (IPv6). <a href="/wiki/Network_packet" title="Network packet">Packets</a> consist of control information for addressing and routing and a <a href="/wiki/Payload_(computing)" title="Payload (computing)">payload</a> of user data. The control information in IPv6 packets is subdivided into a mandatory fixed <a href="/wiki/Header_(computing)" title="Header (computing)">header</a> and optional extension headers. The payload of an IPv6 packet is typically a <a href="/wiki/Datagram" title="Datagram">datagram</a> or segment of the higher-level <a href="/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">transport layer</a> protocol, but may be data for an <a href="/wiki/Internet_layer" title="Internet layer">internet layer</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">ICMPv6</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Link_layer" title="Link layer">link layer</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/OSPF" class="mw-redirect" title="OSPF">OSPF</a>) instead. </p><p>IPv6 packets are typically transmitted over the link layer (i.e., over <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>), which encapsulates each packet in a <a href="/wiki/Frame_(networking)" title="Frame (networking)">frame</a>. Packets may also be transported over a higher-layer <a href="/wiki/Tunneling_protocol" title="Tunneling protocol">tunneling protocol</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> when using <a href="/wiki/6to4" title="6to4">6to4</a> or <a href="/wiki/Teredo_tunneling" title="Teredo tunneling">Teredo</a> transition technologies. </p><p>In contrast to IPv4, <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a> do not fragment IPv6 packets larger than the <a href="/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit" title="Maximum transmission unit">maximum transmission unit</a> (MTU), it is the sole responsibility of the originating node. A minimum MTU of 1,280 <a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">octets</a> is mandated by IPv6, but <a href="/wiki/Host_(network)" title="Host (network)">hosts</a> are "strongly recommended" to use <a href="/wiki/Path_MTU_Discovery" title="Path MTU Discovery">Path MTU Discovery</a> to take advantage of MTUs greater than the minimum.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since July 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> (IANA) has been responsible for registering all IPv6 parameters that are used in IPv6 packet headers.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fixed_header">Fixed header</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fixed header"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fixed header starts an IPv6 packet and has a size of 40 <a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">octets</a> (320 <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bytes of the multi-byte fields are in the <a href="/wiki/Network_byte_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Network byte order">network byte order</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; border: none;"> <caption>Fixed header format </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="min-width:42px; border-bottom:none; border-right:none;"><i>Offset</i> </th> <th style="border-left:none;"><a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">Octet</a> </th> <th colspan="8">0 </th> <th colspan="8">1 </th> <th colspan="8">2 </th> <th colspan="8">3 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="min-width: 42px;border-top: none;">Octet </th> <th style="min-width: 42px;"><a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">Bit</a> </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">0 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">1 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">2 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">3 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">4 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">5 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">6 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">7 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">8 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">9 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">10 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">11 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">12 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">13 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">14 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">15 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">16 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">17 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">18 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">19 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">20 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">21 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">22 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">23 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">24 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">25 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">26 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">27 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">28 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">29 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">30 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">31 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">0 </th> <th style="width:30px;">0 </th> <td colspan="4"><i>Version</i> </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Traffic class</i> </td> <td colspan="20"><i>Flow label</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">4 </th> <th style="width:30px;">32 </th> <td colspan="16"><i>Payload length</i> </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Next header</i> </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Hop limit</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">8 </th> <th style="width:30px;">64 </th> <td colspan="32" rowspan="4"><i>Source address</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <th>96 </th></tr> <tr> <th>16 </th> <th>128 </th></tr> <tr> <th>20 </th> <th>160 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">24 </th> <th style="width:30px;">192 </th> <td colspan="32" rowspan="4"><i>Destination address</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>28 </th> <th>224 </th></tr> <tr> <th>32 </th> <th>256 </th></tr> <tr> <th>36 </th> <th>288 </th></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Version: 4 bits</dt> <dd>The constant 6 (bit sequence <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">0110</span>).</dd> <dt>Traffic Class: 6+2 bits</dt> <dd>The bits of this field hold two values. The six most-significant bits hold the <a href="/wiki/Differentiated_services_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Differentiated services field">differentiated services field</a> (DS field), which is used to classify packets.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc2474_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc2474-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfc3260_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3260-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, all standard DS fields end with a '0' bit. Any DS field that ends with two '1' bits is intended for local or experimental use.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc4727_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc4727-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining two bits are used for <a href="/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification">Explicit Congestion Notification</a> (ECN);<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3168_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3168-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> priority values subdivide into ranges: traffic where the source provides congestion control and non-congestion control traffic.</dd> <dt>Flow Label: 20 bits</dt> <dd>A high-entropy identifier of a flow of packets between a source and destination. A flow is a group of packets, e.g., a TCP session or a media stream. The special flow label 0 means the packet does not belong to any flow (using this scheme). An older scheme identifies flow by source address and port, destination address and port, protocol (value of the last <i>Next Header</i> field).<sup id="cite_ref-rfc6437_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc6437-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has further been suggested that the flow label be used to help detect spoofed packets.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Payload Length: 16 bits</dt> <dd>The size of the payload in octets, including any extension headers. The length is set to zero when a <i>Hop-by-Hop</i> extension header carries a <a href="#Jumbogram">Jumbo Payload</a> option.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc2675_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc2675-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Next Header: 8 bits</dt> <dd>Specifies the type of the next header. This field usually specifies the <a href="/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">transport layer</a> protocol used by a packet's payload. When extension headers are present in the packet this field indicates which extension header follows. The values are shared with those used for the IPv4 protocol field, as both fields have the same function (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers" title="List of IP protocol numbers">List of IP protocol numbers</a>).</dd> <dt>Hop Limit: 8 bits</dt> <dd>Replaces the <a href="/wiki/Time_to_live" title="Time to live">time to live</a> field in IPv4. This value is decremented by one at each forwarding node and the packet is discarded if it becomes 0. However, the destination node should process the packet normally even if received with a hop limit of 0.</dd> <dt>Source Address: 128 bits</dt> <dd>The unicast <a href="/wiki/IPv6_address" title="IPv6 address">IPv6 address</a> of the sending node.</dd> <dt>Destination Address: 128 bits</dt> <dd>The IPv6 unicast or multicast address of the destination node(s).</dd></dl> <p>In order to increase performance, and since current <a href="/wiki/Link_layer" title="Link layer">link layer</a> technology and transport layer protocols are assumed to provide sufficient error detection,<sup id="cite_ref-" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the header has no <a href="/wiki/Checksum" title="Checksum">checksum</a> to protect it.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extension_headers">Extension headers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Extension headers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Extension headers carry optional <a href="/wiki/Internet_layer" title="Internet layer">internet layer</a> information and are placed between the fixed header and the upper-layer protocol header.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extension headers form a chain, using the <i>Next Header</i> fields. The <i>Next Header</i> field in the fixed header indicates the type of the first extension header; the <i>Next Header</i> field of the last extension header indicates the type of the upper-layer protocol header in the payload of the packet. All extension headers are a multiple of 8 octets in size; some extension headers require internal padding to meet this requirement. </p><p>There are several extension headers defined, and new extension headers may be defined in the future. Most extension headers are examined and processed at the packet's destination. <i>Hop-by-Hop Options</i> can be processed and modified by intermediate nodes and, if present, must be the first extension. All extension headers are optional and should appear at most once, except for the <i>Destination Options</i> header extension, which may appear twice.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If a node does not recognize a specific extension header, it should discard the packet and send a <i>Parameter Problem</i> message (<a href="/wiki/ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">ICMPv6</a> type 4, code 1).<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defined extension headers below are listed in the preferred order for the case where there is more than one extension header following the fixed header. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Extension header </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers" title="List of IP protocol numbers">Next Header field value</a> </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hop-by-hop_options_and_destination_options">Hop-by-Hop Options</a></i> </td> <td>0</td> <td>Options that need to be examined by all devices on the path </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Routing">Routing</a></i> </td> <td>43</td> <td>Methods to specify the route for a datagram (used with <a href="/wiki/Mobile_IPv6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile IPv6">Mobile IPv6</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Fragment">Fragment</a></i> </td> <td>44</td> <td>Contains parameters for fragmentation of datagrams </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Authentication_Header_(AH)_and_Encapsulating_Security_Payload_(ESP)">Authentication Header (AH)</a></i> </td> <td>51</td> <td>Contains information used to verify the authenticity of most parts of the packet </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Authentication_Header_(AH)_and_Encapsulating_Security_Payload_(ESP)">Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)</a></i> </td> <td>50</td> <td>Carries encrypted data for secure communication </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hop-by-hop_options_and_destination_options">Destination Options</a></i> (before upper-layer header) </td> <td>60</td> <td>Options that need to be examined only by the destination of the packet </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Mobility</i> (currently without upper-layer header) </td> <td>135</td> <td>Parameters used with <a href="/wiki/Mobile_IPv6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile IPv6">Mobile IPv6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Host Identity Protocol</i></td> <td>139</td> <td>Used for <a href="/wiki/Host_Identity_Protocol" title="Host Identity Protocol">Host Identity Protocol</a> version 2 (HIPv2)<sup id="cite_ref-rfc7401_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc7401-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Shim6 Protocol</i></td> <td>140</td> <td>Used for <a href="/wiki/Shim6" class="mw-redirect" title="Shim6">Shim6</a><sup id="cite_ref-rfc5533_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc5533-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reserved</td> <td>253</td> <td>Used for experimentation and testing<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3692_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3692-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfc4727_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc4727-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reserved</td> <td>254</td> <td>Used for experimentation and testing<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3692_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3692-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfc4727_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc4727-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Value 59 (No Next Header) in the Next Header field indicates that there is no next header <i>whatsoever</i> following this one, not even a header of an upper-layer protocol. It means that, from the header's point of view, the IPv6 packet ends right after it: the payload should be empty. There could, however, still be data in the payload if the payload length in the first header of the packet is greater than the length of all extension headers in the packet. This data should be ignored by hosts, but passed unaltered by routers.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4.7">: 4.7 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hop-by-hop_options_and_destination_options">Hop-by-hop options and destination options</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hop-by-hop options and destination options"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="hop-by-hop_options"></span><span class="anchor" id="destination_options"></span> The <i>Hop-by-Hop Options</i> extension header may be examined and altered by all nodes on the packet's path, including sending and receiving nodes. (For authentication, option values that may change along the path are ignored.) The <i>Destination Options</i> extension header needs to be examined by the destination node(s) only. The extension headers are both at least 8 octets in size; if more options are present than will fit in that space, blocks of 8 octets, containing options and padding, are added to the header repeatedly until all options are represented. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; border: none;"> <caption><i>Hop-by-Hop Options</i> and <i>Destination Options</i> extension header format </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="min-width:42px; border-bottom:none; border-right:none;"><i>Offset</i> </th> <th style="border-left:none;"><a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">Octet</a> </th> <th colspan="8">0 </th> <th colspan="8">1 </th> <th colspan="8">2 </th> <th colspan="8">3 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="min-width: 42px;border-top: none;">Octet </th> <th style="min-width: 42px;"><a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">Bit</a> </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">0 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">1 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">2 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">3 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">4 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">5 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">6 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">7 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">8 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">9 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">10 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">11 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">12 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">13 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">14 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">15 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">16 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">17 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">18 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">19 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">20 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">21 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">22 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">23 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">24 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">25 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">26 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">27 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">28 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">29 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">30 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">31 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">0 </th> <th style="width:30px;">0 </th> <td colspan="8"><i>Next header</i> </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Header extension length</i> </td> <td colspan="16"><i>Options and padding</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">4 </th> <th style="width:30px;">32 </th> <td colspan="32"><i>Options and padding</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">8 </th> <th style="width:30px;">64 </th> <td colspan="32" rowspan="3" style="background: linen;"><i>Optional: more Options and padding</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <th>96 </th></tr> <tr> <th>⋮ </th> <th>⋮ </th></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Next Header: 8 bits</dt> <dd>Specifies the <a href="/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers" title="List of IP protocol numbers">type</a> of the next header.</dd> <dt>Header extension length: 8 bits</dt> <dd>Length of this header in 8-octet units, not including the first 8 octets.</dd> <dt>Options and padding: variable</dt> <dd>Contains one or more options, and optional padding fields to align options and to make the total header length a multiple of 8 octets. Options are <a href="/wiki/Type%E2%80%93length%E2%80%93value" title="Type–length–value">TLV</a>-coded.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Routing">Routing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Routing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Routing</i> extension header is used to direct a packet to one or more intermediate nodes before being sent to its destination. The header is at least 8 octets in size; if more <i>Type-specific Data</i> is needed than will fit in 4 octets, blocks of 8 octets are added to the header repeatedly, until all <i>Type-specific Data</i> is placed.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; border: none;"> <caption><i>Routing</i> extension header format </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="min-width:42px; border-bottom:none; border-right:none;"><i>Offset</i> </th> <th style="border-left:none;"><a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">Octet</a> </th> <th colspan="8">0 </th> <th colspan="8">1 </th> <th colspan="8">2 </th> <th colspan="8">3 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="min-width: 42px;border-top: none;">Octet </th> <th style="min-width: 42px;"><a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">Bit</a> </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">0 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">1 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">2 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">3 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">4 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">5 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">6 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">7 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">8 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">9 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">10 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">11 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">12 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">13 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">14 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">15 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">16 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">17 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">18 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">19 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">20 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">21 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">22 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">23 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">24 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">25 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">26 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">27 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">28 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">29 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">30 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">31 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">0 </th> <th style="width:30px;">0 </th> <td colspan="8"><i>Next header</i> </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Header extension length</i> </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Routing type</i> </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Segments left</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">4 </th> <th style="width:30px;">32 </th> <td colspan="32"><i>Type-specific data</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">8 </th> <th style="width:30px;">64 </th> <td colspan="32" rowspan="3" style="background: linen;"><i>Optional: more type-specific data...</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <th>96 </th></tr> <tr> <th>⋮ </th> <th>⋮ </th></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Next header: 8 bits</dt> <dd>Indicates the type of the next header.</dd> <dt>Header extension length: 8 bits</dt> <dd>The length of this header, in multiples of 8 octets, not including the first 8 octets.</dd> <dt>Routing type: 8 bits</dt> <dd>A value between 0 and 255, as assigned by <a href="/wiki/IANA" class="mw-redirect" title="IANA">IANA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iana_routing_options_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iana_routing_options-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align: left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th>Status </th> <th style="width=500px">Comment </th></tr> <tr> <td>0 </td> <td>Deprecated </td> <td>Due to the fact that with Routing Header type 0 a simple but effective <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">denial-of-service attack</a> could be launched,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this header was deprecated in 2007 and host and routers are required to ignore these headers.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc5095_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc5095-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Deprecated </td> <td>Used for the Nimrod project<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1992_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1992-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> funded by <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>. It was deprecated in 2009. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Allowed </td> <td>A limited version of type 0 and is used for <a href="/wiki/Mobile_IPv6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile IPv6">Mobile IPv6</a>, where it can hold the home address of the mobile node. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Allowed </td> <td>RPL Source Route Header<sup id="cite_ref-rfc6554_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc6554-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for low-power and lossy networks. </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Allowed </td> <td>Segment Routing Header (SRH).<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8754_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8754-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>253</td> <td>Private use </td> <td>May be used for testing, not for actual implementations. <i>RFC3692-style Experiment 1</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3692_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3692-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>254</td> <td>Private use </td> <td>May be used for testing, not for actual implementations. <i>RFC3692-style Experiment 2</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3692_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3692-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Segments Left: 8 bits</dt> <dd>Number of nodes this packet still has to visit before reaching its final destination.</dd> <dt>Type-specific Data: variable</dt> <dd>Data that belongs to this type of routing header.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fragment">Fragment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fragment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to send a packet that is larger than the path <a href="/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit" title="Maximum transmission unit">MTU</a>, the sending node splits the packet into fragments. The <i>Fragment</i> extension header carries the information necessary to reassemble the original (unfragmented) packet.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; border: none;"> <caption><i>Fragment</i> extension header format </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="min-width:42px; border-bottom:none; border-right:none;"><i>Offset</i> </th> <th style="border-left:none;"><a href="/wiki/Octet_(computing)" title="Octet (computing)">Octet</a> </th> <th colspan="8">0 </th> <th colspan="8">1 </th> <th colspan="8">2 </th> <th colspan="8">3 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="min-width: 42px;border-top: none;">Octet </th> <th style="min-width: 42px;"><a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">Bit</a> </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">0 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">1 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">2 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">3 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">4 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">5 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">6 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">7 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">8 </th> <th style="min-width:11px;">9 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">10 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">11 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">12 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">13 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">14 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">15 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">16 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">17 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">18 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">19 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">20 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">21 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">22 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">23 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">24 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">25 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">26 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">27 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">28 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">29 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">30 </th> <th style="min-width:16px;">31 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">0 </th> <th style="width:30px;">0 </th> <td colspan="8"><i>Next Header</i> </td> <td colspan="8"><i>Reserved</i> </td> <td colspan="13"><i>Fragment offset</i> </td> <td colspan="2"><i><abbr title="Reserved2">Res</abbr></i> </td> <td><i><abbr title="M Flag">M</abbr></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:35px;">4 </th> <th style="width:30px;">32 </th> <td colspan="32"><i>Identification</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Next header: 8 bits</dt> <dd>Identifies the type of the next header.</dd> <dt>Reserved: 8 bits; Reserved == 0</dt> <dd>Initialized to all zeroes.</dd> <dt>Fragment offset: 13 bits</dt> <dd>Offset, in 8-octet units, relative to the start of the fragmentable part of the original packet.</dd> <dt>Reserved2<span class="nowrap"> </span>(Res): 2 bits; Res == 0</dt> <dd>Reserved; initialized to zeroes.</dd> <dt>M Flag<span class="nowrap"> </span>(M): 1 bit</dt> <dd>1 means more fragments follow; 0 means last fragment.</dd> <dt>Identification: 32 bits</dt> <dd>Packet identification value, generated by the source node. Needed for reassembly of the original packet.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authentication_Header_(AH)_and_Encapsulating_Security_Payload_(ESP)"><span id="Authentication_Header_.28AH.29_and_Encapsulating_Security_Payload_.28ESP.29"></span>Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Authentication_Header" class="mw-redirect" title="Authentication Header">Authentication Header</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Encapsulating_Security_Payload" class="mw-redirect" title="Encapsulating Security Payload">Encapsulating Security Payload</a></i> are part of <a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a> and are used identically in IPv6 and in IPv4.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc4302_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc4302-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rfc4303_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc4303-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Payload">Payload</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Payload"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fixed and optional IPv6 headers are followed by the <i>upper-layer payload</i>, the data provided by the transport layer, for example a <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> segment or a <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a> datagram. The <i>Next Header</i> field of the last IPv6 header indicates what type of payload is contained in this packet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_payload_length">Standard payload length</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Standard payload length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="#Fixed_header">payload length field of IPv6</a> (and <a href="/wiki/IPv4#Header" title="IPv4">IPv4</a>) has a size of 16 bits, capable of specifying a maximum length of <a href="/wiki/65535_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="65535 (number)"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004655350000000000♠"></span>65<span style="margin-left:.25em;">535</span></span></a> octets for the payload. In practice, hosts determine the maximum usable payload length using <a href="/wiki/Path_MTU_Discovery" title="Path MTU Discovery">Path MTU Discovery</a> (yielding the minimum <a href="/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit" title="Maximum transmission unit">MTU</a> along the path from sender to receiver), to avoid having to fragment packets. Most link-layer protocols have MTUs considerably smaller than <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004655350000000000♠"></span>65<span style="margin-left:.25em;">535</span></span> octets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jumbogram">Jumbogram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jumbogram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jumbogram#IPv6_jumbograms" title="Jumbogram">Jumbogram § IPv6 jumbograms</a></div> <p>An optional feature of IPv6, the <i>jumbo payload</i> option in a <i>Hop-By-Hop Options</i> extension header,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc2675_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc2675-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allows the exchange of packets with payloads of up to one octet less than 4<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> (2<sup>32</sup><span class="nowrap"> </span>−<span class="nowrap"> </span>1<span class="nowrap"> </span>= <a href="/wiki/4294967295_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="4294967295 (number)"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009429496729500000♠"></span>4<span style="margin-left:.25em;">294</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">967</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">295</span></span></a> octets), by making use of a 32-bit length field. Packets with such payloads are called <a href="/wiki/Jumbogram" title="Jumbogram">jumbograms</a>. </p><p>Since both <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> and <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a> include fields limited to 16 bits (length, urgent data pointer), support for IPv6 jumbograms requires modifications to the transport layer protocol implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc2675_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc2675-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jumbograms are only relevant for links that have a <a href="/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit" title="Maximum transmission unit">MTU</a> larger than <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004655830000000000♠"></span>65<span style="margin-left:.25em;">583</span></span> octets (more than <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004655350000000000♠"></span>65<span style="margin-left:.25em;">535</span></span> octets for the payload, plus 40 octets for the fixed header, plus 8 octets for the <i>Hop-by-Hop</i> extension header). Only a few link-layer protocols can process packets larger than <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004655350000000000♠"></span>65<span style="margin-left:.25em;">535</span></span> octets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fragmentation">Fragmentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fragmentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike in IPv4, IPv6 <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a> never fragment IPv6 packets. Packets exceeding the size of the <a href="/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit" title="Maximum transmission unit">maximum transmission unit</a> (MTU) of the destination link are dropped and this condition is signaled by a <i>Packet too big</i> <a href="/wiki/ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">ICMPv6</a> message to the originating node, similarly to the IPv4 method when the <a href="/wiki/IPv4#Flags" title="IPv4"><i>Don't Fragment</i> bit</a> is set.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> End nodes in IPv6 are expected to perform <a href="/wiki/Path_MTU_Discovery" title="Path MTU Discovery">Path MTU Discovery</a> to determine the maximum size of packets to send, and the upper-layer protocol is expected to limit the payload size. If the upper-layer protocol is unable to do so, the sending host may use the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Fragment"><i>Fragment</i> extension header</a> instead. </p><p>Any data link layer conveying IPv6 data must be capable of transmitting an IP packet containing up to 1,280 bytes, thus the sending endpoint may limit its packets to 1,280 bytes and avoid any need for fragmentation or Path MTU Discovery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fragmenting">Fragmenting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fragmenting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A packet containing the first fragment of an original (larger) packet consists of five parts: the per-fragment headers (the crucial original headers that are repeatedly used in each fragment), followed by the <i>Fragment</i> extension header containing a zero Offset, then all the remaining original extension headers, then the original upper-layer header (alternatively the ESP header), and a piece of the original payload.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each subsequent packet consists of three parts: the per-fragment headers, followed by the <i>Fragment</i> extension header, and by a part of the original payload as identified by a Fragment Offset. </p><p>The per-fragment headers are determined based on whether the original contains <i>Routing</i> or <i>Hop-by-Hop</i> extension header. If neither exists, the per-fragment part is just the fixed header. If the <i>Routing</i> extension header exists, the per-fragment headers include the fixed header and all the extension headers up to and including the <i>Routing</i> one. If the <i>Hop-by-Hop</i> extension header exists, the per-fragment headers consist of only the fixed header and the <i>Hop-by-Hop</i> extension header. </p><p>In any case, the last header of the per-fragment part has its <i>Next Header</i> value set to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">44</span> to indicate that a <i>Fragment</i> extension header follows. Each <i>Fragment</i> extension header has its <i>M</i> flag set to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">1</span> (indicating more fragments follow), except the last, whose flag is set to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0</span>. Each fragment's length is a multiple of 8 octets, except, potentially, the last fragment. </p><p>The per-fragment headers were historically called the "unfragmentable part", referring to pre-2014 possibility of fragmenting the rest of the header. Now no headers are actually fragmentable.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc7112_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc7112-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reassembly">Reassembly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reassembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original packet is reassembled by the receiving node by collecting all fragments and placing each fragment at its indicated offset and discarding the <i>Fragment</i> extension headers of the packets that carried them. Packets containing fragments need not arrive in sequence; they will be rearranged by the receiving node. </p><p>If not all fragments are received within 60 seconds after receiving the first packet with a fragment, reassembly of the original packet is abandoned and all fragments are discarded. If the first fragment was received (which contains the fixed header) and one or more others are missing, a <i>Time Exceeded</i> message (<a href="/wiki/ICMPv6" title="ICMPv6">ICMPv6</a> type 3, code 1) is returned to the node originating the fragmented packet. </p><p>When reassembling node detects a fragment that overlaps with another fragment, the reassembly of the original packet is aborted and all fragments are dropped. A node may optionally ignore the exact duplicates of a fragment instead of treating exact duplicates as overlapping each other.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc8200_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Receiving hosts must make a best-effort attempt to reassemble fragmented IP datagrams that, after reassembly, contain up to 1500 bytes. Hosts are permitted to make an attempt to reassemble fragmented datagrams larger than 1,500 bytes, but they are also permitted to silently discard any datagram after it becomes apparent that the reassembled packet would be larger than 1,500 bytes. Therefore, senders should avoid sending fragmented IP datagrams with a total reassembled size larger than 1,500 bytes, unless they have knowledge that the receiver is capable of reassembling such large datagrams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research has shown that the use of fragmentation can be leveraged to evade network security controls. As a result, in 2014 the earlier allowance for overflowing the IPv6 header chain beyond the first fragment became forbidden in order to avoid some very pathological fragmentation cases.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc7112_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc7112-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, as a result of research on the evasion of Router Advertisement Guard,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc7113_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc7113-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of fragmentation with <a href="/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighbor Discovery">Neighbor Discovery</a> is deprecated, and the use of fragmentation with <a href="/wiki/Secure_Neighbor_Discovery" title="Secure Neighbor Discovery">Secure Neighbor Discovery</a> (SEND) is discouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc6980_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc6980-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv6_packet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rfc8200-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc8200_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFS._DeeringR._Hinden2017" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Deering" title="Steve Deering">S. Deering</a>; R. Hinden (July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8200"><i>Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC8200">10.17487/RFC8200</a></span>. STD 86. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8200">8200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internet+Protocol%2C+Version+6+%28IPv6%29+Specification&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2017-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC8200&rft.au=S.+Deering&rft.au=R.+Hinden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc8200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Internet Standard 86.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2460">2460</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc2474-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc2474_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._NicholsS._BlakeF._BakerD._Black1998" class="citation cs1">K. Nichols; S. Blake; <a href="/wiki/Fred_Baker_(IETF_chair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Baker (IETF chair)">F. Baker</a>; D. Black (December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2474"><i>Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2474">10.17487/RFC2474</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2474">2474</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Definition+of+the+Differentiated+Services+Field+%28DS+Field%29+in+the+IPv4+and+IPv6+Headers&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1998-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2474&rft.au=K.+Nichols&rft.au=S.+Blake&rft.au=F.+Baker&rft.au=D.+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1455">1455</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1349">1349</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3168">3168</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3260">3260</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8436">8436</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc3260-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc3260_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._Grossman2002" class="citation cs1">D. Grossman (April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3260"><i>New Terminology and Clarifications for DiffServ</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3260">10.17487/RFC3260</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3260">3260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Terminology+and+Clarifications+for+DiffServ&rft.date=2002-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3260&rft.au=D.+Grossman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Informational.</i> Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2474">2474</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2475">2475</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2597">2597</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc4727-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc4727_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc4727_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc4727_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._Fenner2006" class="citation cs1">B. Fenner (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4727"><i>Experimental Values in IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, ICMPv6, UDP, and TCP Headers</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC4727">10.17487/RFC4727</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4727">4727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Experimental+Values+in+IPv4%2C+IPv6%2C+ICMPv4%2C+ICMPv6%2C+UDP%2C+and+TCP+Headers&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC4727&rft.au=B.+Fenner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc4727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc3168-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc3168_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._RamakrishnanS._FloydD._Black2001" class="citation cs1">K. Ramakrishnan; S. Floyd; D. Black (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3168"><i>The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3168">10.17487/RFC3168</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3168">3168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Addition+of+Explicit+Congestion+Notification+%28ECN%29+to+IP&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2001-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3168&rft.au=K.+Ramakrishnan&rft.au=S.+Floyd&rft.au=D.+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2481">2481</a>. Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2474">2474</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2401">2401</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc793">793</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4301">4301</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6040">6040</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8311">8311</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc6437-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc6437_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._AmanteB._CarpenterS._JiangJ._Rajahalme2011" class="citation cs1">S. Amante; <a href="/wiki/Brian_Carpenter_(engineer)" title="Brian Carpenter (engineer)">B. Carpenter</a>; S. Jiang; J. Rajahalme (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6437"><i>IPv6 Flow Label Specification</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6437">10.17487/RFC6437</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6437">6437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IPv6+Flow+Label+Specification&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6437&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=S.+Amante&rft.au=B.+Carpenter&rft.au=S.+Jiang&rft.au=J.+Rajahalme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc6437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3697">3697</a>. Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2205">2205</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2460">2460</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-blake-ipv6-flow-label-nonce-02">Use of the IPv6 Flow Label as a Transport-Layer Nonce to Defend Against Off-Path Spoofing Attacks</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc2675-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc2675_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc2675_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc2675_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._BormanS._DeeringR._Hinden1999" class="citation cs1">D. Borman; <a href="/wiki/Steve_Deering" title="Steve Deering">S. Deering</a>; R. Hinden (August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2675"><i>IPv6 Jumbograms</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2675">10.17487/RFC2675</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2675">2675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IPv6+Jumbograms&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1999-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2675&rft.au=D.+Borman&rft.au=S.+Deering&rft.au=R.+Hinden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2147">2147</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._PartridgeF._Kastenholz1994" class="citation cs1">C. Partridge; F. Kastenholz (December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1726"><i>Technical Criteria for Choosing IP The Next Generation (IPng)</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1726">10.17487/RFC1726</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1726">1726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technical+Criteria+for+Choosing+IP+The+Next+Generation+%28IPng%29&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1994-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1726&rft.au=C.+Partridge&rft.au=F.+Kastenholz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Informational.</i> sec. 2.6. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc7401-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc7401_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._HeerP._JokelaT._Henderson2015" class="citation cs1">T. Heer; P. Jokela; T. Henderson (April 2015). R. Moskowitz (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7401"><i>Host Identity Protocol Version 2 (HIPv2)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7401">10.17487/RFC7401</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7401">7401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Host+Identity+Protocol+Version+2+%28HIPv2%29&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force+%28IETF%29&rft.date=2015-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7401&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=T.+Heer&rft.au=P.+Jokela&rft.au=T.+Henderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5201">5201</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8002">8002</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9374">9374</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc5533-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc5533_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._NordmarkM._Bagnulo2009" class="citation cs1">E. Nordmark; M. Bagnulo (June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5533"><i>Shim6: Level 3 Multihoming Shim Protocol for IPv6</i></a>. Networking Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC5533">10.17487/RFC5533</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5533">5533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shim6%3A+Level+3+Multihoming+Shim+Protocol+for+IPv6&rft.pub=Networking+Working+Group&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC5533&rft.au=E.+Nordmark&rft.au=M.+Bagnulo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc5533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc3692-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3692_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3692_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3692_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3692_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Narten2004" class="citation cs1">T. Narten (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3692"><i>Assigning Experimental and Testing Numbers Considered Useful</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3692">10.17487/RFC3692</a></span>. BCP 82. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3692">3692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assigning+Experimental+and+Testing+Numbers+Considered+Useful&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2004-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3692&rft.au=T.+Narten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Best Common Practice.</i> Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2434">2434</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iana_routing_options-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iana_routing_options_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-parameters/ipv6-parameters.xhtml">"Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Parameters: Routing Types"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IANA" class="mw-redirect" title="IANA">IANA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Protocol+Version+6+%28IPv6%29+Parameters%3A+Routing+Types&rft.pub=IANA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Fipv6-parameters%2Fipv6-parameters.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilippe_Biondi,_Arnoud_Ebalard2007" class="citation web cs1">Philippe Biondi, Arnoud Ebalard (April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secdev.org/conf/IPv6_RH_security-csw07.pdf">"IPv6 Routing Header Security"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/EADS" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS">EADS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2010</span>. <q>Type 0: the evil mechanism...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IPv6+Routing+Header+Security&rft.pub=EADS&rft.date=2007-04&rft.au=Philippe+Biondi%2C+Arnoud+Ebalard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secdev.org%2Fconf%2FIPv6_RH_security-csw07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc5095-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc5095_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._AbleyP._SavolaG._Neville-Neil2007" class="citation cs1">J. Abley; P. Savola; G. Neville-Neil (December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5095"><i>Deprecation of Type 0 Routing Headers in IPv6</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC5095">10.17487/RFC5095</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5095">5095</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deprecation+of+Type+0+Routing+Headers+in+IPv6&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC5095&rft.au=J.+Abley&rft.au=P.+Savola&rft.au=G.+Neville-Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc5095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Draft Standard.</i> Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2460">2460</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4294">4294</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc1992-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc1992_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFI._CastineyraN._ChiappaM._Steenstrup1996" class="citation cs1">I. Castineyra; N. Chiappa; M. Steenstrup (August 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1992"><i>The Nimrod Routing Architecture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1992">10.17487/RFC1992</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1992">1992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nimrod+Routing+Architecture&rft.date=1996-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1992&rft.au=I.+Castineyra&rft.au=N.+Chiappa&rft.au=M.+Steenstrup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Informational.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc6554-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc6554_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._HuiJP._VasseurD._CullerV._Manral2012" class="citation cs1">J. Hui; JP. Vasseur; D. Culler; V. Manral (March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6554"><i>An IPv6 Routing Header for Source Routes with the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6554">10.17487/RFC6554</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6554">6554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+IPv6+Routing+Header+for+Source+Routes+with+the+Routing+Protocol+for+Low-Power+and+Lossy+Networks+%28RPL%29&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=2012-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6554&rft.au=J.+Hui&rft.au=JP.+Vasseur&rft.au=D.+Culler&rft.au=V.+Manral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc6554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc8754-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc8754_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._PrevidiJ._LeddyS._MatsushimaD._Voyer2020" class="citation cs1">S. Previdi; J. Leddy; S. Matsushima; D. Voyer (March 2020). C. Filsfils; D. Dukes (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8754"><i>IPv6 Segment Routing Header (SRH)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC8754">10.17487/RFC8754</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8754">8754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IPv6+Segment+Routing+Header+%28SRH%29&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force+%28IETF%29&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC8754&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=S.+Previdi&rft.au=J.+Leddy&rft.au=S.+Matsushima&rft.au=D.+Voyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc8754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc4302-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc4302_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Kent2005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kent_(network_security)" title="Stephen Kent (network security)">S. Kent</a> (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4302"><i>IP Authentication Header</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC4302">10.17487/RFC4302</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4302">4302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IP+Authentication+Header&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC4302&rft.au=S.+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc4302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2402">2402</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc4303-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc4303_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Kent2005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kent_(network_security)" title="Stephen Kent (network security)">S. Kent</a> (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4303"><i>IP Encapsulating Security Payload</i></a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC4303">10.17487/RFC4303</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4303">4303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IP+Encapsulating+Security+Payload&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC4303&rft.au=S.+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc4303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2406">2406</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc7112-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc7112_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc7112_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._GontV._ManralR._Bonica2014" class="citation cs1">F. Gont; V. Manral; R. Bonica (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7112"><i>Implications of Oversized IPv6 Header Chains</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7112">10.17487/RFC7112</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7112">7112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Implications+of+Oversized+IPv6+Header+Chains&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force+%28IETF%29&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7112&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=F.+Gont&rft.au=V.+Manral&rft.au=R.+Bonica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2460">2460</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc7113-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc7113_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Gont2014" class="citation cs1">F. Gont (February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7113"><i>Implementation Advice for IPv6 Router Advertisement Guard (RA-Guard)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7113">10.17487/RFC7113</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7113">7113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Implementation+Advice+for+IPv6+Router+Advertisement+Guard+%28RA-Guard%29&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force+%28IETF%29&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7113&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=F.+Gont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Informational.</i> Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6105">6105</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc6980-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rfc6980_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Gont2013" class="citation cs1">F. Gont (August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6980"><i>Security Implications of IPv6 Fragmentation with IPv6 Neighbor Discovery</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6980">10.17487/RFC6980</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6980">6980</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Security+Implications+of+IPv6+Fragmentation+with+IPv6+Neighbor+Discovery&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force+%28IETF%29&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6980&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.au=F.+Gont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc6980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIPv6+packet" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Proposed Standard.</i> Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3971">3971</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4861">4861</a>. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPv6" title="Template:IPv6"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPv6" title="Template talk:IPv6"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPv6" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPv6"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_Protocol_version_6" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">version 6</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6_address" title="IPv6 address">IPv6 address</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IPv6 packet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_IP#Changes_in_IPv6_for_Mobile_IPv6" title="Mobile IP">Mobile IPv6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv6_deployment" title="IPv6 deployment">IPv6 deployment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6rd" class="mw-redirect" title="6rd">6rd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_IPv6_Day_and_World_IPv6_Launch_Day" title="World IPv6 Day and World IPv6 Launch Day">World IPv6 Day and World IPv6 Launch Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_IPv6_support_in_operating_systems" title="Comparison of IPv6 support in operating systems">Comparison of IPv6 support in operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_IPv6_support_in_common_applications" title="Comparison of IPv6 support in common applications">Comparison of IPv6 support in common applications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPv4 to IPv6 topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4_address_exhaustion" title="IPv4 address exhaustion">IPv4 address exhaustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6_transition_mechanism" title="IPv6 transition mechanism">IPv6 transition mechanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHCPv6" title="DHCPv6">DHCPv6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol_for_IPv6" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6">ICMPv6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol" title="Neighbor Discovery Protocol">Neighbor Discovery Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicast_Listener_Discovery" title="Multicast Listener Discovery">Multicast Listener Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Neighbor_Discovery" title="Secure Neighbor Discovery">Secure Neighbor Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicast_router_discovery" title="Multicast router discovery">Multicast router discovery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_Multihoming_by_IPv6_Intermediation" title="Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation">Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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