CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913657404e35fe0b',cH: 'VvpxxdDUJyomEEpElyi03TJPkDxKWzzoO0qixclxF2U-1739801216-1.2.1.1-Lj1uweALWEMlsd94s5YJNlV_xWUnT4p4z8zSrAJ7rBa.CIIsworGVLCo3hCQlz4.',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bassam%20M.%20Abunahel&__cf_chl_tk=1_9yxpded1tYM37IbS1Drs7ln.KLppA1f6hV59jws0E-1739801216-1.0.1.1-aqduoGWg5gjvcZs6f.uVVSy1aix9lKNkF.31kM8Ueow",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739801216',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bassam%20M.%20Abunahel&__cf_chl_f_tk=1_9yxpded1tYM37IbS1Drs7ln.KLppA1f6hV59jws0E-1739801216-1.0.1.1-aqduoGWg5gjvcZs6f.uVVSy1aix9lKNkF.31kM8Ueow",md: "THJ8LFXFp.cVImzlC.tsW7Gmn49kzTq5SPMgJOQjw8g-1739801216-1.2.1.1-6HiIGJYekryaPPZcxvcG5pD03Sc7jNEAaU3_Uj7q5.0IocHvgjbAsn8HPdFjYVoNBNh6VKM_JhsA.WvzL5l88rLTBRX6RKA3i.qmAQ47aW2hlSSeNKAhwk3EDDc0pCBjvRi7lyeDlK62D2zMffY1eAWkZ54Xm9KY0Pjp2OgFsRufUMs18FbDyfN6sexabs5aOPaAfk5Ps1BGkn7SIEnnHjsGa33raP1Jr7MjXMJTQwHxfC2Mvv7qTLaL8MqtXh51hhHXAvkKZb2EW7HqjQr2vAjQt15iANTc6ExsrR4fYTopiVJ1_eANiaM3_wslADVOheUIa_Q9Vp2dmthSd90XjYn9UVIfjEFYI63QIlNyP3X4nDTtSnkCTEMNWfd1XgSs6y0nEb3lqLhbD65gANwAeBAhJFnEl3l6_Y8r39jqWmCnZ_K4IZFBDN5E6u4gi9o7wCDNpPC77zoYTZHxAkCBcIrNOQ9UB6g9FvjdSMuO7O8bjIbZXTA6V.B_YpzLwtvdkeYFO.nXznCg.2Hakz488h1lEo1c0v0zjvQHTrSh.YkltzIN4kc_NYm4y2rtAE.kow0PXqogAFlWuGFI1nK36swOJIuAJaX16kN35gW7gm3Zg2l8CEMDnTpRyGnjW94vf6rzRbcqlUVjlNh_KAsMBqsVAvQqZpj3jb8hVLP6BX5hfF5MHcJ.BNtly0nLM8leZ9wxIrqTj8TawmWZSLUcxnt5f_cq8euBkdu_l6g98C1M4vwEfM7iwRZSwAvbj1kAxTtpT27sqvfcKi1hFIBvrJBVfUpOreBIPln_Zo24ExeP8bV8lxDT4KYDEgoXhPxyR87NBKWBIbnjrYLYpfIWx_9sVxqmh2IxrNddKHXIr725lkSvicWgeUYjySg0rvRv_bLMe7sWzf3iQ1fI6uhn66PW_i9UAdx.FJT83AAAn_M0ZdB7n5VFIaKZE57SoqMVVrucQgHC1gkneDmfYd7V9EcFA9RKXyi3eyuZAYkrxbqjS8qhZ37ob0DtNPSrdboFrZPRC9Z06DAXHVisAs_8jHYF4Hg4QJmANeyl2Pb742V1z5DoehfTpzZq_hhqwAT31nGZCFNaz0SMLjUNpvgHRfS2Rdd4Hz75844HhSs4ZowupNxj23PBkMttOikClKTkqUL1jqzcGGkEBZXSy_sWANpPsQKVQN6SUX9Vf5bjV2CIYGyfYRVYAPFu9wJcRm2wKVe6ipHNRrb9G8sYl7kpqmxQuCyDQx70L.dcR0E3yY_VkoWZcXTgoH2tyKl0S6WOliPX2yKdL7mCCk8pEscvGBKg8e2Nnjd1OerOMCHis0rYyrp754HJl4MIC4YxoLCpNMmItdVGFwq0giDHZwWwHdUs07Av2WseRZyddFHm6FG4_l_Aku0Yq4DWlRN_NRFmVfJCP5MMxcSi0Cj.ugziZ.4tgAYAGPAXaPDxlJ8T663xrmJzURGxqtfq3.Iv3__gQ2I4645FVS83IsA6UwPw79hYYRZTTPWzxpCf61DJ2s5j6grtRqq4dGgdbYeUhMZtGoWiz_TLJHTUr7yzp3TpzGSqBGN87DcdTOnJhVxUxDwjk1syzoTPz84Z.lRUgvBEHZ_MrzZQs2bQBwSAARNxeEy69IG7UogU8YqYsnwFUXEBgiyg7OpZtONl0UTWS7.2jwqe3KXTXNBpRm.yCcCimCMihTeBi217XMtkN6I23enlNwHOOI4K0ND4o1rx7INlwLy2PupYinKPniwRJmb7dYqJvoFXl0uGsCpv0pvQALkmHiN1NhhW4Ou157sa7YsC._I3y0498YySkdR3eKgAFRinbwXzRLirhJjMIrT_o8Q.zhQ9F38ndKxYIQS91z0NU5s.8uP9exaVG5ylkztZMTMORgEpw8zQr75a9cEij5nfAkhPP1DrWtSv2gNNWkk_yDllX08gPgPrnOG4bG83BDaPRce3BzWAekTxegMbPBqbcCjWv4SpWc07hk3mvjb2",mdrd: "QzK.hkSe.o13mltQkOqa3zZen7BuqEuKRH0SfX1hxPQ-1739801216-1.2.1.1-2cKZmnvcs2QWEqFgMCRdMWvE5y5tIJYgWY2WXX2.PPUVjtg.fpwcOPLDM7PP3.jIGrjho2nYXxMv9KSa2QiYYkvqlyLpP9asMi4TEF9dtq3w1266vr8TXla5e9RWGbWN4bXxX3sF.RQb1QiBB7GTNDSv9F6daMW.TPEPLtK0WC02jCmyd8IFCv0kLSC8iTcrBORjQ5DO3dvC8Mkq8MiyGzhOe0IYVeb46.crT39S0PIwl22hgYFi.DIE3pAOQzUZT6Hgw0TKc1AqPbNsdTzG1TP4UxL65GVMtxJNUPO3I9r2STg_1BajEjaB1b5f9LrTtIU3p7g3RSTDhu12nmD74INWQIwZRaP.USCCjdanvwpMXqtKtnLxTHZ17Fj6m9GvjcLw6S9_xgkRIq7KAP_i3ddab1sucPcmlkhjgFz..xn.IFae7yywwRZBmFFE5rNxfsBmYkq7VAR64ztCvuY3Wa4KY25xrTgvahBS4nmmFk1qW1J0Pn3VqAUetLCyJGuIM.hClmeF8rR39tOMOf.iII_tJdDv0zHdThREzk4qC3Z1SK_fXU7q2Pvd9rskhqAlUgyuSPTWabv8CRYe7wNtM2.wM7.uNoFdICDER3LaDkeqUEQ2lq3i0yWzhnA8YaHSuAC4L3VrOyVrtJr4UFNFIkV.Ty1Lq_M4.qrCIoqMcXQr9aGobedvUcFr80o7Yr8HX19VvBg9jQ8M1Yn_BnGZhGRtpX51AgExv8ufgJRWZ9r3DqTaM8dvfqj.3n1c_dVBTTMtYF45hIJ6ogabKJWhJOzwy9hKXeepivQvlKjRmeujY.ZJfG.dkRl8_nJYZe8seWRnTcDlAFH4KyD16bFOyDhygyJa03bzMm2.aK2orJaYA5v96SQne6CWEwUADh_dOX8V.80tvKHApwXgdPm3Mqg5X1ulUffe9kzFcFxqixQMcSVct0bFg1.WLdL6_KQWt5GH60SSbMBADggmNVHiw.cvAQxSiM4JzQSpXHN_CXFyRJP1Y41EVugMOE95h.Md71AXpiaw3ryMw34G0N5skkST9jw20_RuiTl1n6Jga0W9ALSJQSKu1xtZx.R9vcwgI1yTujFMUTLPqRelxdjK0VQ83ZotIR4NdxacHGxOB4snGTETttUMuShde2fqJhLhdcHI2L26lcS57n9HzHOl9XSFi9AxXsE6vpajm84i1Y6RTyN4CRYGLPyKIuNYIdUtwfJkhbha6Hv_snx7w7tgVwl_i3vHlgcm4O6pvzDmqVgCrkNeot79rlDjh1eEmp_pDv8fS_lyUIuOz.ALYlsABQJpI7D_6Xf8kpTgU8nls1jRkIgMinVVt3S30Yx2yEiI0yU5g8i9XVz5S_aIdvUAXV5CuQlw2lIfOcoq222E65SIOBtNnDKTZATVL3NrxG2A.3sBS9K2gGVvGfQGzGuAM3fAIeIIYS7OAkk1T22HwQinFFs17oyYao3ezTPqLqhnst._2Kkx4HO3Zq2RLz8SwYjfWEzM3hMpeLAOveNzIy9Eo13nwdsXHLe3veirnYd..kW6ebfzv8U_cl.jIC.8s.Eb9ZQZrYAZpZkTL2Wwx59Kan4p4W8ohft8UXkot1QBPvb3hcTM0S2NLyNQeMU5_lww8QpricjwEADFXYBzQsjtloD3gF.poPmGwj7Vkih75dFEQpkxFVg4gKN_Rm4Yy1Unn6YUWBoA8Bgj6p4Lwo7JsAeh73b.Wnpoi1WcQNSPkhYxgzyY_j3j3WrZ9mIglRa35IDAEwsHHMHUPfraCohnNAoVy_0IQ7dN.4DGNMa9IfpDN2ewk9UZCxdcIJehlBd7Zz8xiWNEryFbB6mNjvkBQsrceevcjbFUyaXQFNh.EokkqQZk1vB48oQn9W8eCsv9OOzdA2IXJ80UDixpq.fkytYC4gE1GQrosou3cdLTpja6irs95Wd3Ta3mb5q37CZY0cWL0326WaLJ8YUBlv2vkcF.LYX8t8tFIXZGFEZMZygoSwzAVunRmh7TNGXB_Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913657404e35fe0b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bassam%20M.%20Abunahel&__cf_chl_rt_tk=1_9yxpded1tYM37IbS1Drs7ln.KLppA1f6hV59jws0E-1739801216-1.0.1.1-aqduoGWg5gjvcZs6f.uVVSy1aix9lKNkF.31kM8Ueow" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>