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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Rolfe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="جون رولف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون رولف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%A4%ED%94%84" title="존 롤프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 롤프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="ジョン・ロルフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ロルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рольф, Джон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рольф, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rolfe" title="John Rolfe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="John Rolfe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F" title="จอห์น รอล์ฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จอห์น รอล์ฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English-born explorer, farmer, and merchant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Virginia colonist. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/John_Rolfe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="John Rolfe (disambiguation)">John Rolfe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/John_Rolfe" title="Special:EditPage/John Rolfe">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22John+Rolfe%22">"John Rolfe"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22John+Rolfe%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22John+Rolfe%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22John+Rolfe%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22John+Rolfe%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22John+Rolfe%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Rolfe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pocahontas_Rolfe_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pocahontas_Rolfe_crop.jpg/220px-Pocahontas_Rolfe_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pocahontas_Rolfe_crop.jpg/330px-Pocahontas_Rolfe_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pocahontas_Rolfe_crop.jpg/440px-Pocahontas_Rolfe_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="547" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A posthumous painting of John Rolfe and <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a> made <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1850</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1585</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Heacham" title="Heacham">Heacham</a>, Norfolk, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1622 (aged 36–37)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Varina_Farms" title="Varina Farms">Varina Farms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Farmer, merchant, explorer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Being the husband of <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a> and the first settler in the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">colony of Virginia</a> to successfully cultivate a <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> crop for export</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Sarah Hacker</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1608; died 1610)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="5 April 1614">1614</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="March 1617">1617</span>)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jane Pierce<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1619)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Bermuda Rolfe (1609–1610) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rolfe" title="Thomas Rolfe">Thomas Rolfe</a> (1615–1680) <br /> Elizabeth Rolfe (1620–1635)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Rolfe</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1585</span> – March 1622) was an English explorer, farmer and merchant. He is best known for being the husband of <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a> and the first settler in the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">colony of Virginia</a> to successfully cultivate a <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> crop for export. </p><p>He played a crucial role in the Virginia Colony's early economy by introducing a sweeter strain of tobacco from <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, which became a profitable cash crop. Rolfe married Pocahontas, daughter of Native American leader <a href="/wiki/Powhatan_(Native_American_leader)" title="Powhatan (Native American leader)">Powhatan</a>, and they had a son named Thomas. Rolfe and Pocahontas traveled to England in 1616 to promote colonization and investment in Virginia. After Pocahontas died, Rolfe returned to Virginia and continued working with tobacco. The tobacco strain cultivated by Rolfe laid the foundation for Virginia's thriving tobacco industry. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The birthplace of John Rolfe, born c. 1585, remains unproven. At that time, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> held a virtual monopoly on the lucrative tobacco trade. Most Spanish colonies in the Americas were located in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, which were more favorable to tobacco growth than their English counterparts (founded in the early 17th century, notably <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> in 1607). As the consumption of tobacco had increased, the <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">balance of trade</a> between England and Spain began to be seriously affected. Rolfe was one of a number of businessmen who saw the opportunity to undercut Spanish imports by growing tobacco in England's new colony in Virginia. He had somehow obtained seeds to take with him from a special popular strain, then being grown in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, South America, even though Spain had declared a penalty of death to anyone selling such seeds to a non-Spaniard.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At one point in time it was believed that John was the son of John Rolfe and his wife Dorothy Mason. However, historians have now determined that this relationship is incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One major inconsistency that shows they are not his parents is that John is known to have had a brother named Henry. After John's death, his brother Henry Rolfe petitioned the Virginia Company for funds from John's Virginia estate, to help pay for the care of John's son Thomas Rolfe who was then in Henry's care. Dorothy Mason and her husband John Rolfe are not known to have had a son named Henry.{William Thorndale, "Two Rolfe Negatives," in The Virginia Genealogist, 34(1990):209-210} </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sailing_with_Third_Supply_to_Virginia">Sailing with Third Supply to Virginia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sailing with Third Supply to Virginia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A project of the proprietary <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company_of_London" title="Virginia Company of London">Virginia Company of London</a>, Jamestown had been established by an initial group of settlers on 14 May 1607. This colony proved as troubled as earlier English settlements. Two return trips with supplies by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Newport" title="Christopher Newport">Christopher Newport</a> arrived in 1608, while another large relief fleet was dispatched in 1609, carrying hundreds of new settlers and supplies across the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a>. Heading the <a href="/wiki/Third_Supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Supply">Third Supply</a> fleet was the new <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company" title="Virginia Company">Virginia Company</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Venture" title="Sea Venture">Sea Venture</a></i>, carrying Rolfe and his wife, Sarah. </p><p>The Third Supply fleet left England in May 1609 destined for Jamestown with seven large ships, towing two smaller <a href="/wiki/Full_rigged_pinnace" class="mw-redirect" title="Full rigged pinnace">pinnaces</a>. In the southern region of the North Atlantic, they encountered a three-day-long storm, thought to have been a severe hurricane. The ships of the fleet became separated. The <i>Sea Venture</i> was taking on water faster than it could be bailed. The admiral of the company, Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Somers" title="George Somers">George Somers</a>, took the helm and the ship was deliberately driven onto the reefs of <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> to prevent its foundering. All aboard, 150 passengers and crew, and one dog, survived. </p><p>Most remained for ten months in Bermuda, (also known as The Somers Isles), while they built two small ships to continue the voyage to Jamestown. A number of passengers and crew, however, did not complete this journey. Some had died or been killed, lost at sea (the <i>Sea Venture's</i> long boat had been fitted with a sail, and several men sent to take word to Jamestown, and they were never heard from again), or left behind to maintain England's claim to Bermuda. Because of this, although the Virginia Company's charter was not extended to Bermuda until 1612, the Colony at Bermuda dates its settlement from 1609. Among those left buried in Bermuda were Bermuda Rolfe, the daughter of John. </p><p>In May 1610, the two newly constructed ships set sail from Bermuda, with 142 castaways on board, including Rolfe, <a href="/wiki/George_Somers" title="George Somers">George Somers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(settler)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Hopkins (settler)">Stephen Hopkins</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gates_(governor)" title="Thomas Gates (governor)">Thomas Gates</a>. On arrival at Jamestown, they found the Virginia Colony almost destroyed by famine and disease during what has become known as the <a href="/wiki/Starving_Time" title="Starving Time">Starving Time</a>. Very few supplies from the Third Supply had arrived because the same hurricane that caught the <i>Sea Venture</i> badly affected the rest of the fleet. Only 60 settlers remained alive. It was only through the arrival of the two small ships from Bermuda, and the arrival of another relief fleet commanded by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_West,_3rd_Baron_De_La_Warr" title="Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr">Lord De La Warr</a> on 10 June 1610, that the abandonment of Jamestown was avoided and the colony survived. After finally settling in Rolfe began his long-delayed work with tobacco.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orinoco_tobacco:_a_cash_crop">Orinoco tobacco: a cash crop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Orinoco tobacco: a cash crop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Rolfe_tobaccoitshistor01bill_0056.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/John_Rolfe_tobaccoitshistor01bill_0056.jpg/220px-John_Rolfe_tobaccoitshistor01bill_0056.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/John_Rolfe_tobaccoitshistor01bill_0056.jpg/330px-John_Rolfe_tobaccoitshistor01bill_0056.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/John_Rolfe_tobaccoitshistor01bill_0056.jpg/440px-John_Rolfe_tobaccoitshistor01bill_0056.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Rolfe cultivating tobacco</figcaption></figure> <p>In competing with Spain for European markets, there was another problem beside the warmer climates the Spanish settlements enjoyed. The native tobacco from Virginia (<i><a href="/wiki/Nicotiana_rustica" title="Nicotiana rustica">Nicotiana rustica</a></i>) was not liked by the English settlers, nor did it appeal to the market in England. However, Rolfe wanted to introduce sweeter strains from <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, using the hard-to-obtain Spanish seeds he brought with him. In 1611, he was the first to commercially <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">cultivate</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Nicotiana_tabacum" title="Nicotiana tabacum">Nicotiana tabacum</a></i> tobacco plants in North America; export of this sweeter tobacco beginning in 1612 helped turn the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Colony">Virginia Colony</a> into a profitable venture. He named his Virginia-grown strain of the tobacco "Orinoco", possibly in honour of tobacco popularizer Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a>'s expeditions in the 1580s up the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Orinoco River">Orinoco River</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a> in search of the legendary City of Gold, <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appeal of Orinoco tobacco was in its <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a>, and the conviviality of its use in social situations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1612, Rolfe established <a href="/wiki/Varina_Farms" title="Varina Farms">Varina Farms</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Plantations_in_the_American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations in the American South">plantation</a> along the <a href="/wiki/James_River" title="James River">James River</a> about 30 miles (50 km) upstream from <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> and across the river from Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dale" title="Thomas Dale">Thomas Dale</a>'s progressive development at <a href="/wiki/Henricus" title="Henricus">Henricus</a>. The first harvest of four barrels of tobacco leaf was exported from Virginia to England in March 1614.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon afterwards, Rolfe and others were exporting vast quantities of the new cash crop. New plantations began growing along the James River, where export shipments could use wharves along the river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pocahontas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baptism_of_Pocahontas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Baptism_of_Pocahontas.jpg/220px-Baptism_of_Pocahontas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Baptism_of_Pocahontas.jpg/330px-Baptism_of_Pocahontas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Baptism_of_Pocahontas.jpg/440px-Baptism_of_Pocahontas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>Rolfe (right, standing behind Pocahontas) as portrayed in <i><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Pocahontas" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of Pocahontas">Baptism of Pocahontas</a></i>, 1840, by <a href="/wiki/John_Gadsby_Chapman" title="John Gadsby Chapman">John Gadsby Chapman</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Rolfe married <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a>, daughter of the local Native American leader <a href="/wiki/Chief_Powhatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Powhatan">Powhatan</a>, on 5 April 1614.<sup id="cite_ref-walkingsunset_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkingsunset-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier that same year, Pocahontas chose to convert to Christianity; she was baptized by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Whitaker" title="Alexander Whitaker">Alexander Whitaker</a> and chose "Rebecca" as her new baptismal name.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Buck_(chaplain)" title="Richard Buck (chaplain)">Richard Buck</a> officiated their wedding. Their son, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rolfe" title="Thomas Rolfe">Thomas Rolfe</a>, was born in January 1615.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John Rolfe and Pocahontas continued cultivating tobacco with success. In 1616 they were sent to England as guests of the Virginia Company to promote colonization and investment in Virginia. They were accompanied by baby Thomas as well as by the deputy governor of the colony, Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dale" title="Thomas Dale">Thomas Dale</a>, and 12 members of Pocahontas' tribe, including her brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Tomocomo" title="Tomocomo">Uttamatomakkin</a>. They sailed aboard the <i>Treasurer</i>, commanded by Captain <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Argall" title="Samuel Argall">Samuel Argall</a>, and arrived in England in June 1616. They helped promote the colony and investment in the Virginia Company increased. During their visit, John Rolfe wrote "A True Relation of the State of Virginia Lefte by Sir Thomas Dale Knight in May Last 1616" The manuscript was published in 1617 and further touted the viability of the colony in Virginia. After nine months in England, the party prepared to return to Virginia but was delayed by bad weather. Finally setting sail in March 1617, the party had to make port in Gravesend because Pocahontas was gravely ill. Pocahontas died and was buried at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Gravesend" title="St George's Church, Gravesend">St George's Church, Gravesend</a> on 21 March 1617. Their small son Thomas was sick as well, it was determined he was too ill to survive a voyage. Pressured to return to Virginia, John Rolfe appointed Sir <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Stukley" title="Lewis Stukley">Lewis Stukley</a> as temporary guardian to his son and returned to Virginia with Uttamatomakkin. Stukley had custody of Thomas Rolfe until his uncle Henry Rolfe could take over his care. It was intended that Thomas would return to Virginia once he recovered his health. Unfortunately, John Rolfe would never see his son again. Thomas did recover his health but remained in England until reaching adulthood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life,_death,_and_descendants"><span id="Later_life.2C_death.2C_and_descendants"></span>Later life, death, and descendants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life, death, and descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rolfe returned to Virginia and resumed his work with tobacco. In 1617 20,000 pounds of Orinoco tobacco was sent to England and in 1618 an additional 40,000 pounds were sent. Rolfe's letters to England in 1620 include the earliest mention of the first arrival of enslaved Africans to Virginia, who were brought by a Dutch <a href="/wiki/Man-of-war" title="Man-of-war">man-of-war</a> in August 1619 and were traded to the colony's governor for supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaughn_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaughn-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 1619, Rolfe married Jane Pierce, daughter of English colonist Captain William Pierce, who had survived the shipwreck of the Sea Venture along with John in 1609.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a daughter, Elizabeth, in 1620, who married John Milner of <a href="/wiki/Nansemond,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansemond, Virginia">Nansemond, Virginia</a>, and died in 1635. Rolfe died in 1622. He may have died in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_massacre_of_1622" title="Indian massacre of 1622">Indian massacre of 1622</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Woodward190_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodward190-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the evidence is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His widow Jane later married English Captain Roger Smith. </p><p>The land given by Powhatan (now known as Smith's Fort Plantation, located in <a href="/wiki/Surry_County,_Virginia" title="Surry County, Virginia">Surry County</a>) was willed to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rolfe" title="Thomas Rolfe">Thomas Rolfe</a>, who in 1640 sold at least a portion of it to Thomas Warren.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith's Fort was a secondary Fort to Jamestown, begun in 1609 by John Smith. </p><p>Thomas Rolfe, who had grown up in England, returned to Virginia as an adult<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and married Jane Poythress.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poythress's English parents were Francis Poythress and Alice Payton.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thomas and Jane Rolfe had one child, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Rolfe" title="Jane Rolfe">Jane Rolfe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dorman_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorman-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who married <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolling" title="Robert Bolling">Robert Bolling</a> and had a son, <a href="/wiki/John_Bolling" title="John Bolling">John Bolling</a>, in 1676. Jane Rolfe died shortly after giving birth.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorman_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorman-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Bolling married Mary Kennon, daughter of Richard Kennon and Elizabeth Worsham of Conjurer's Neck.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorman_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorman-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had six surviving children, each of whom married and had surviving children.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In Disney's 1998 animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas_II:_Journey_to_a_New_World" title="Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World">Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World</a></i>, Rolfe is voiced by <a href="/wiki/Billy_Zane" title="Billy Zane">Billy Zane</a>.</li> <li>Rolfe is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Bale" title="Christian Bale">Christian Bale</a> in the 2005 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_World_(2005_film)" title="The New World (2005 film)">The New World</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/John_Rolfe" title="Special:EditPage/John Rolfe">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22John+Rolfe%22">"John Rolfe"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22John+Rolfe%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22John+Rolfe%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22John+Rolfe%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22John+Rolfe%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22John+Rolfe%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The strain of tobacco cultivated by Rolfe was the export cash crop that helped make the Virginia Colony profitable. It was the mainstay of the farming plantations for generations. Huge warehouses, such as those on Richmond's <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco Row">Tobacco Row</a>, attest to its popularity. Even almost 400 years later, tobacco figures prominently in Virginia's economy.</li> <li>In eastern Virginia, <a href="/wiki/State_Route_31_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Route 31 (Virginia)">State Route 31</a> is named the John Rolfe Highway. It links <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a>, the southern entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Parkway" title="Colonial Parkway">Colonial Parkway</a>, and via the <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Ferry" title="Jamestown Ferry">Jamestown Ferry</a> leads to the rich farming area of <a href="/wiki/Surry_County,_Virginia" title="Surry County, Virginia">Surry County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Virginia" title="Sussex County, Virginia">Sussex County</a>, ending in <a href="/wiki/Wakefield,_Virginia" title="Wakefield, Virginia">Wakefield, Virginia</a>.</li> <li>John Rolfe Drive, in the town of Smithfield in <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_County,_Virginia" title="Isle of Wight County, Virginia">Isle of Wight County, Virginia</a>, connects Battery Park Road with Magruder Road, and is named for Rolfe.</li> <li>John Rolfe Middle School, in <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico County, Virginia</a>, one of Virginia's eight original shires of 1634, is named for him. <a href="/wiki/Varina,_Virginia" title="Varina, Virginia">Varina</a> magisterial district in Henrico County is named for Rolfe's Varina Farms plantation, where the tiny village was also the first <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> (from 1634 to 1752).</li> <li>The abandoned corridor planned for <a href="/wiki/State_Route_288_(Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Route 288 (Virginia)">State Route 288</a> in western Henrico County became a connector street, rather than a <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited-access highway">limited-access highway</a>. It was named the John Rolfe Parkway.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Rolfe">"John Rolfe | British colonial official | Britannica"</a>. 12 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Rolfe+%26%23124%3B+British+colonial+official+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft.date=2023-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJohn-Rolfe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html">"A Brief History of Jamestown, Virginia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Jamestown%2C+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tobacco.org%2FHistory%2FJamestown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia Virginia, Rolfe, John (d. 1622), <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/rolfe-john-d-1622/">https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/rolfe-john-d-1622/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html#Orinoco">"A Brief History of Jamestown, Virginia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Jamestown%2C+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tobacco.org%2FHistory%2FJamestown.html%23Orinoco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928160736/http://www.bayjournal.com/article.cfm?article=1757">"Chesapeake Bay Journal: Even stripped of Hollywood hype, Matoaka remains a legend – September 2000"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayjournal.com/article.cfm?article=1757">the original</a> on 28 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chesapeake+Bay+Journal%3A+Even+stripped+of+Hollywood+hype%2C+Matoaka+remains+a+legend+%E2%80%93+September+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayjournal.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Farticle%3D1757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_EFbS_7fFcYC&dq=tobacco+export+england+rolfe&pg=PA186"><i>Love and Hate in Jamestown</i></a> David Price, 2007, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walkingsunset-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-walkingsunset_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler2005" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, Wayne (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bPV05xDZe70C&pg=PA42"><i>Walking Toward The Sunset: The Melungeons of Appalachia</i></a>. Mercer University Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-869-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-869-2"><bdi>0-86554-869-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+Toward+The+Sunset%3A+The+Melungeons+of+Appalachia&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-86554-869-2&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbPV05xDZe70C%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStebbinn2010" class="citation web cs1">Stebbinn, Sarah (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/pocahontas-her-life-and-legend.htm">"Pocahontas: Her Life and Legend"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pocahontas%3A+Her+Life+and+Legend&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Stebbinn&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fjame%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fpocahontas-her-life-and-legend.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/john-rolfe">"John Rolfe"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i>. 28 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=John+Rolfe&rft.date=2019-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fexploration%2Fjohn-rolfe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vaughn-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vaughn_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughn1972" class="citation journal cs1">Vaughn, Alden T. (1972). "Blacks in Virginia: A note on the first decade". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. <b>29</b> (3): 470. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1923875">10.2307/1923875</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1923875">1923875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Blacks+in+Virginia%3A+A+note+on+the+first+decade&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=470&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1923875&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1923875%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=Alden+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia Virginia, Peirce, William (d. btw. 1645 and 1647), <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/peirce-william-d-btw-1645-and-1647/">https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/peirce-william-d-btw-1645-and-1647/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodward190-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woodward190_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1969" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, Grace Steele (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pocahontas0000wood"><i>Pocahontas</i></a></span>. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">189–</span>190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0806116420" title="Special:BookSources/0806116420"><bdi>0806116420</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1176440121">1176440121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pocahontas&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E189-%3C%2Fspan%3E190&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1176440121&rft.isbn=0806116420&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Grace+Steele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpocahontas0000wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ref name=Heike97><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeike2014" class="citation book cs1">Heike, Paul (2014). "Pocahontas and the Myth of Transatlantic Love". <i>The Myths That Made America: An Introduction to American Studies</i>. Transcript Verlag. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783839414859" title="Special:BookSources/9783839414859"><bdi>9783839414859</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1wxsdq.6">j.ctv1wxsdq.6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pocahontas+and+the+Myth+of+Transatlantic+Love&rft.btitle=The+Myths+That+Made+America%3A+An+Introduction+to+American+Studies&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E136&rft.pub=Transcript+Verlag&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv1wxsdq.6%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9783839414859&rft.aulast=Heike&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarson1950" class="citation journal cs1">Carson, Jane (1950). "The will of John Rolfe". <i>The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>58</b> (31): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4245674">4245674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Virginia+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=The+will+of+John+Rolfe&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.date=1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4245674%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vahistorical.org/collections-and-resources/garden-club-virginia/plantations/smiths-fort-plantation">http://www.vahistorical.org/collections-and-resources/garden-club-virginia/plantations/smiths-fort-plantation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203230757/http://www.vahistorical.org/collections-and-resources/garden-club-virginia/plantations/smiths-fort-plantation">Archived</a> 3 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Smith's Fort Plantation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/thomas-rolfe.htm">"Thomas Rolfe – Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>nps.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps.gov&rft.atitle=Thomas+Rolfe+%E2%80%93+Historic+Jamestowne+Part+of+Colonial+National+Historical+Park+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fjame%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fthomas-rolfe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnow2003" class="citation web cs1">Snow, Megan (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/jame/historyculture/thomas-rolfe.htm">"Thomas Rolfe"</a>. <i>Historic Jamestowne</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+Jamestowne&rft.atitle=Thomas+Rolfe&rft.date=2003-05&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fjame%2Fhistoryculture%2Fthomas-rolfe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPecquet_du_Bellet1907" class="citation book cs1">Pecquet du Bellet, Louise (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/someprominentvir04pecq#page/304/mode/2up">"Bolling Family"</a>. <i>Some prominent Virginia families</i>. Lynchburg, VA: J.P. Bell Co. p. 304<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bolling+Family&rft.btitle=Some+prominent+Virginia+families&rft.place=Lynchburg%2C+VA&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=J.P.+Bell+Co.&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Pecquet+du+Bellet&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsomeprominentvir04pecq%23page%2F304%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Descendants of Matoaka: An Unclosed Case", by Elizabeth Vann Moore and Richard Slatten, <i>Magazine of Virginia Genealogy</i>, XXIII, no.3, pp.3–16, cited by John Frederick Dorman, <i>Adventurers of Purse and Person</i>, 4th ed., Vol. 3, p.26, fn23-24. Moore and Slatten traced the suggestion that his wife was a Poythress back to a comment by W. G. Stanard in "Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents", <i>Virginia Historical Magazine</i>(I, 1894, 446–447): "His wife is said to have been a Miss Poythress (if so, doubtless a daughter of Francis Poythress." According to Moore and Slatten, Stanard cited as evidence handwritten notes on the flyleaf of a copy of <i>A Complete Collection of All the Laws of Virginia Now in Force Carefully Copied from the Assembled Records</i> (London, 1682, now in the Library of Virginia. Moore and Slatten state: "Interestingly, Thomas Rolfe here is recorded as married to a 'Miss Payers'. We recall that in John Rolfe's will the name of his third wife is spelled <i>Pyers</i> (Peirce) and that it was John who married a "Jane". Here again, a Bolling descendant confused the son with his father. Not recognizing the name 'Payers' as another variant of <i>Peirce</i>, someone searched the records for a name beginning with 'P' and having a 'y' in the first syllable. Francis Poythress lived in adjacent Charles City County and his name ended in <i>s</i>! Stanard wrote, 'His wife is said to have been a Miss Poythress (if so, doubtless a daughter of Francis Poythress).' (VMHB I, 446) Wyndham Robertson, a Bolling descendant, wrote in <i>Pocahontas Alias Matoaka and Her Descendants</i> (Richmond, 1887), 'I adopt "Jane Poythress" (not "Poyers") whom he is stated in the <i>Bolling Memoirs</i> to have married in England.' He added in justification of his charming <i>adoption</i> of an ancestress, '...no such name as "Poyers" is anywhere known ... the family of Poythress was already settled in Virginia.' ... The result has been the acceptance of a non-existent personage, 'Jane Poythress', in the Bibles of Virginia genealogy, as the bona fide ancestress of many illustrious Virginians. Who the wife (or wives) of Thomas Rolfe may have been remaining an unanswered question."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dorman-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dorman_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dorman_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dorman_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Frederick Dorman, <i>Adventurers of Purse and Person</i>, 4th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 23–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henrico County Deeds & Wills 1697–1704, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHegel_McClelland2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Hegel McClelland, Nicholas (2 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.time.com/2012/07/11/the-evolution-of-christian-bale/slide/the-new-world-2005/">"The Evolution of Christian Bale"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+Christian+Bale&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft.aulast=Hegel+McClelland&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.time.com%2F2012%2F07%2F11%2Fthe-evolution-of-christian-bale%2Fslide%2Fthe-new-world-2005%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Rolfe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rolfe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualjamestown.org/rolfe_letter.html">"John Rolfe's Letter to Sir Thomas Dale", 1614</a>. (Rolfe explains his reasons for marrying Powhatan's daughter, Matoaka.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515232835/http://www.lhaltd.com/speakers/cheatham/Rolfe.html">Living History Associates Ltd. Rolfe Portrayed by Dick Cheatham</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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