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habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribuzione_e_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Descrizione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Biologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Biologia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Riproduzione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riproduzione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Riproduzione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riproduzione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alimentazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alimentazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Alimentazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alimentazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evoluzione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evoluzione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Evoluzione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evoluzione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bryozoa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 68 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosdiere" title="Mosdiere - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mosdiere" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moostierchen" title="Moostierchen - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Moostierchen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حيوانات حزازية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيوانات حزازية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87" title="حيوانات حزازيه - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حيوانات حزازيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briozoylar" title="Briozoylar - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Briozoylar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بریوزویلار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بریوزویلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Імшанкі - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Імшанкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ектопрокти - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ектопрокти" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahovnjaci" title="Mahovnjaci - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mahovnjaci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briozous" title="Briozous - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Briozous" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapawdapaw" title="Dapawdapaw - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dapawdapaw" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechovci" title="Mechovci - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mechovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosdyr" title="Mosdyr - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mosdyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moostierchen" title="Moostierchen - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Moostierchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CF%85%CF%8C%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%B1" title="Βρυόζωα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρυόζωα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briozooj" title="Briozooj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Briozooj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammalloomad" title="Sammalloomad - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sammalloomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خزه‌زیان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خزه‌زیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammalel%C3%A4imet" title="Sammaleläimet - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sammaleläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectoprocta" title="Ectoprocta - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ectoprocta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6%C3%B6skdiarten" title="Mööskdiarten - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mööskdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briozoos" title="Briozoos - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Briozoos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%98%D7%97%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חיטחבים - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיטחבים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahovnjaci" title="Mahovnjaci - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mahovnjaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moha%C3%A1llatok" title="Mohaállatok - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mohaállatok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosad%C3%BDr" title="Mosadýr - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mosadýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%82%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="外肛動物 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="外肛動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мшанкалар - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мшанкалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%ED%98%95%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="태형동물 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태형동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мшанкалар - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мшанкалар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectoprocto" title="Ectoprocto - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ectoprocto" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosbie%C3%ABster" title="Mosbieëster - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mosbieëster" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samangyviai" title="Samangyviai - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Samangyviai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%ABne%C5%86i" title="Sūneņi - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sūneņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мовести животни - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мовести животни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosdiertjes" title="Mosdiertjes - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mosdiertjes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosdyr" title="Mosdyr - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mosdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosdyr" title="Mosdyr - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mosdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3ch%CA%BCilgi_%C3%A1t%CA%BC%C3%A9h%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Tóchʼilgi átʼéhígíí - navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tóchʼilgi átʼéhígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectoprocta" title="Ectoprocta - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ectoprocta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mszywio%C5%82y" title="Mszywioły - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mszywioły" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectoprocta" title="Ectoprocta - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ectoprocta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Мшанки - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мшанки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahovnjaci" title="Mahovnjaci - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mahovnjaci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machovky" title="Machovky - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Machovky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahovnjaki" title="Mahovnjaki - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mahovnjaki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Морске маховине - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Морске маховине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossdjur" title="Mossdjur - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mossdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinyama-kigoga" title="Kinyama-kigoga - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kinyama-kigoga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="ไบรโอซัว - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไบรโอซัว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%87%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мүкчәләр - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мүкчәләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Мохуватки - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мохуватки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_h%C3%ACnh_r%C3%AAu" title="Động vật hình rêu - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật hình rêu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bryozoa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%82%9B%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%97%A8" title="外肛动物门 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="外肛动物门" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%82%9B%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%97%A8" title="外肛动物门 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="外肛动物门" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E8%98%9A%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="苔蘚動物 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="苔蘚動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q148134#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:Bryozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina (la pagina non esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Bryozoa" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Bryozoa" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&oldid=143989615" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Bryozoa&id=143989615&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBryozoa"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBryozoa"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bryozoa"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bryozoa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bryozoa" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q148134" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143074810">.mw-parser-output .sinottico{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-spacing:0;clear:right;float:right;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em;margin:0 0 1em 1.5em;width:280px}.mw-parser-output .sinottico caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){background-color:#f3f3f3;border-right:1px solid #e5e5e8;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output 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class="noprint" style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:70%;"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Come leggere il tassobox"><img alt="Come leggere il tassobox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/16px-Information-silk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/24px-Information-silk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/32px-Information-silk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" usemap="#ImageMap_37fb70b5d7ceee19" /></span><map name="ImageMap_37fb70b5d7ceee19"><area href="/wiki/Progetto:Forme_di_vita/Come_leggere_il_tassobox" shape="rect" coords="0,0,50,50" alt="Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox" title="Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox" /></map><figcaption>Come leggere il tassobox</figcaption></figure></div>Briozoa</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg/212px-Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg/318px-Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg/424px-Haeckel_Bryozoa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="3289" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Illustrazione da <i><a href="/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Natur" title="Kunstformen der Natur">Kunstformen der Natur</a></i><br />di <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a>, <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a></td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: pink; color: black;">Intervallo geologico</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center; padding-bottom:2px;"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">ordoviciano–recente</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,214,123); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambriano" title="Precambriano">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,170,114); left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambriano" title="Cambriano">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,169,138); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordoviciano" title="Ordoviciano">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(166,223,197); left:69.926153846154px; width:8.1907692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Siluriano" title="Siluriano">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(221,150,81); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devoniano" title="Devoniano">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(63,174,173); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carbonifero" title="Carbonifero">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,88,60); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.816307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Permiano" title="Permiano">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,78,150); left:134.65015384615px; width:17.217538461538px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassico" title="Triassico">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,187,231); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Giurassico" title="Giurassico">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,200,107); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretacico" title="Cretacico">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,161,99); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene"><small>Pg</small></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,221,45); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene"><small>N</small></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:55.710769230769px; width:164.28923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:55.710769230769px; width:164.28923076923px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:56.710769230769px; width:162.28923076923px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></div> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: pink; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_scientifica" title="Classificazione scientifica">Classificazione scientifica</a></th></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dominio_(biologia)" title="Dominio (biologia)">Dominio</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal; width:50%"><a href="/wiki/Regno_(biologia)" title="Regno (biologia)">Regno</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Sottoregno" class="mw-redirect" title="Sottoregno">Sottoregno</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoa</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Simmetria_animale" title="Simmetria animale">Ramo</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Superphylum" title="Superphylum">Superphylum</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Protostomia" title="Protostomia">Protostomia</a> </td></tr><tr> <th style="font-weight:normal"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Clade" class="mw-redirect" title="Clade">clade</a>)</small></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa">Lophotrochozoa</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Phylum</a></th><td><b>Bryozoa</b> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: pink; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Classe_(tassonomia)" title="Classe (tassonomia)">Classi</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="text-align:left"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stenolaemata" title="Stenolaemata">Stenolaemata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnolaemata" title="Gymnolaemata">Gymnolaemata</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">phylum</a> <b>Bryozoa</b> (<b>Briozoi</b>) o, più correttamente, <b>Ectoprocta</b>, è composto da piccoli animali <a href="/wiki/Invertebrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrati">invertebrati</a> acquatici, quasi esclusivamente marini, che vivono in <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(zoologia)" title="Colonia (zoologia)">colonie</a> arborescenti ancorate ad un <a href="/wiki/Substrato_(ecologia)" title="Substrato (ecologia)">substrato</a> sommerso. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca" title="Lingua greca">greco</a> <i>brýon</i> = muschio e <i>zôion</i> = animale, poiché l'aspetto delle colonie ricorda quello del muschio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribuzione_e_habitat">Distribuzione e habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Distribuzione e habitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Distribuzione e habitat"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <i>Briozoi</i> vivono fissati su fondali rocciosi, ma anche sabbiosi e limosi, preferiscono ambienti marini tropicali, tuttavia per la loro distribuzione mondiale possono definirsi cosmopoliti. </p><p>I <i>Briozoi</i> sono detti anche organismi <i>incrostanti</i> in quanto causano incrostazioni sulle carene delle navi e su strutture marine sommerse. </p><p>La maggior parte delle specie marine vive in acque tropicali a meno di 100 metri di profondità. Tuttavia, alcune sono state trovate in fosse di acque profonde<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, soprattutto intorno alle correnti fredde, e altre vicino ai poli<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La grande maggioranza è sessile. Le forme incrostanti sono le più comuni nei mari poco profondi, ma le forme erette diventano più comuni con l'aumentare della profondità. Alcune forme come la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristatella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristatella (la pagina non esiste)">Cristatella</a></i> possono muoversi, e una specie antartica, la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcyonidium_pelagosphaera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcyonidium pelagosphaera (la pagina non esiste)">Alcyonidium pelagosphaera</a></i>, è costituita da colonie galleggianti. Le specie pelagiche hanno un diametro compreso tra 5 e <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998230000000000000♠"></span>23 <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">mm</a></span>, presentano una forma a sfera cava e sono costituite da un unico strato di autozooidi. Non si sa ancora se queste colonie sono pelagiche per tutto il loro ciclo vitale o se rappresentano solo uno stadio giovanile temporaneo e non ancora descritto<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Una colonia di <i>Briozoi</i> è formata da singoli individui, detti <i><a href="/wiki/Zooide" title="Zooide">zooidi</a></i>, che raggiungono al massimo mezzo millimetro. Ogni zooide vive racchiuso in un involucro di forma allungata, a doppia parete, <a href="/wiki/Carbonato_di_calcio" title="Carbonato di calcio">calcareo</a> o <a href="/wiki/Chitina" title="Chitina">chitinoso</a>, detto <i>zooecio</i>, a volte chiuso da un opercolo. </p> <div class="thumb" style="float:right; margin-left:5px; border:solid #ccc 1px; padding:2px;;"> <div class="thumbinner image" style="position:relative; width:280px; height:400px; border:solid #ccc 1px; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:52px; top:0px; width:156px; position:absolute;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ectoproct_generalized_01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Un autozooide generico[4]"><img alt="Un autozooide generico[4]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Ectoproct_generalized_01.png" decoding="async" width="156" height="325" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div> <div id="annotations" style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> <div id="annotation_30x108" style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:108px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Faringe" title="Faringe">faringe</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_30x128" style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:128px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"> cistìde</span></div> <div id="annotation_15x160" style="position:absolute; left:15px; top:160px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;">muscolo<br />retrattore </span></div> <div id="annotation_30x205" style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:205px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;">ovaie</span></div> <div id="annotation_15x243" style="position:absolute; left:15px; top:243px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"> zooecio</span></div> <div id="annotation_200x20" style="position:absolute; left:200px; top:20px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"> lofoforo</span></div> <div id="annotation_180x98" style="position:absolute; left:180px; top:98px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;">ganglio nervoso</span></div> <div id="annotation_180x118" style="position:absolute; left:180px; top:118px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Ano" title="Ano">ano</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_195x188" style="position:absolute; left:195px; top:188px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Celomati" title="Celomati">celoma</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_195x228" style="position:absolute; left:195px; top:228px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;">stomaco </span></div> <div id="annotation_195x262" style="position:absolute; left:195px; top:262px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Testicolo" title="Testicolo">testicolo</a> </span></div> <div id="annotation_195x280" style="position:absolute; left:195px; top:280px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Funicolo_spermatico" title="Funicolo spermatico">funicolo</a> </span></div> <div id="annotation_15x330" style="position:absolute; left:15px; top:330px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><span style="page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25; margin: 1px 0; text-align: center;border: solid 1px silver;background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> = <a href="/wiki/Apparato_digerente" title="Apparato digerente">Apparato digerente</a></span></span></div> <div id="annotation_160x330" style="position:absolute; left:160px; top:330px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><span style="page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25; margin: 1px 0; text-align: center;border: solid 1px silver;background-color:#ccff00; color:black;"> </span> = <a href="/wiki/Gonadi" title="Gonadi">Gonadi</a></span></span></div> <div id="annotation_15x370" style="position:absolute; left:15px; top:370px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><span style="page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25; margin: 1px 0; text-align: center;border: solid 1px silver;background-color:#a500a5; color:white;"> </span> = Muscolo retrattore </span></span></div> <div id="annotation_160x370" style="position:absolute; left:160px; top:370px; line-height:110%"><span style="background-color:transparent;"><span style="page-break-inside: avoid; break-inside: avoid-column; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25; margin: 1px 0; text-align: center;border: solid 1px silver;background-color:#808000; color:black;"> </span> = Zooecio</span></span></div> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ectoproct_generalized_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Ectoproct_generalized_01.png" decoding="async" width="156" height="325" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div> </div><div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size:90%; width:280px;">Un autozooide generico<sup id="cite_ref-RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </div> <p>Ciascun individuo è costituito da una parte che si trova permanentemente dentro la teca, detta <i>cistìde</i>, ed una che ne fuoriesce, detta <i>polipìde</i>. Quest'ultima è munita di una cresta rilevata, il <i>lofoforo</i>, che porta una corona di tentacoli intorno all'apertura buccale, i quali fungono da organi per l'alimentazione, la respirazione e la percezione degli stimoli esterni. Il cistide costituisce la parte fondamentale dell'animale in quanto è lui stesso a secernere lo zooecio e a rigenerare il polipide se necessario. </p><p>Il lofoforo nei <i>Briozoi</i> marini ha forma circolare, mentre in quelli di acqua dolce è a forma di ferro di cavallo. </p><p>Il polipide può essere velocemente retratto nello zooecio grazie ad un <i>muscolo retrattore detto funicolo</i> e può essere successivamente estratto grazie a muscoli <i>parietali</i>. L'eversione avviene molto più lentamente, secondo due diversi meccanismi: </p> <ol><li>Nel caso in cui lo zooecio sia poco calcificato e dunque elastico, i muscoli parietali collegati al cistide si contraggono, deformando il corpo dell'animale e facendo aumentare la pressione del liquido interno, la quale causa l'eversione del polipide verso l'unico foro d'uscita.</li> <li>Se invece lo zooecio è molto calcificato e dunque rigido, esso non può essere deformato e viene quindi sfruttato un altro meccanismo: un sacco interno ripieno d'acqua e comunicante con l'esterno (asco) viene espanso tramite contrazione di muscoli ad esso collegati in modo che la sua espansione di volume causi l'aumento di pressione dei liquidi interni e l'eversione dei polipide.</li></ol> <p>I <i>Briozoi</i> non hanno un apparato circolatorio. Hanno un apparato digerente ricurvo ad U, con la bocca vicina all'ano nella parte superiore e stomaco e intestino in quella inferiore. </p><p>Alcune specie hanno, come apparato nervoso, un ganglio nervoso situato sotto il lofoforo. </p><p>Le colonie sono generalmente polimorfiche, cioè gli zooidi possono assumere una morfologia diversa a seconda della loro funzione. Caratteristiche sono le <i>avicularie </i>e le <i>vibracularie</i>. Le avicularie hanno una forma che ricorda la testa di un uccello (da cui il nome), con l'opercolo modificato a formare un becco con funzione difensiva. Le vibracularie invece hanno un opercolo notevolmente allungato e muscolarizzato che passano sulla colonia per ripulirla dai detriti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologia">Biologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Biologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Biologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Riproduzione">Riproduzione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Riproduzione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Riproduzione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Questi animali si riproducono sia asessualmente che sessualmente. Il fondatore della nuova colonia, detto <i>ancestrula</i>, origina per gemmazione gli altri zooidi, che di conseguenza hanno tutti lo stesso patrimonio genetico. Nell'ambito di una stessa colonia è tuttavia presente un'ampia differenziazione morfologica tra i vari individui a seconda del ruolo che svolgono (pulizia, riproduzione, difesa ecc.). </p><p>I <i>Briozoi </i>sono generalmente ermafroditi. Gran parte delle specie marine appartenenti a questo phylum trattiene l'embrione in una camera incubatrice annessa allo zooecio, nutrendolo tramite un tessuto di tipo placentare. Dall'embrione si sviluppa una larva ciliata tipo trocofora, chiamata <i>cifonauta</i>, che ha l'aspetto di un cono appiattito con ciuffo apicale di ciglia. Le larve, dopo la schiusa, scendono sul fondale del mare e, con l'apice rivolto verso il basso, si fissano ad un substrato fondando una nuova colonia per gemmazione. </p><p>Inoltre, è opportuno precisare che i Bryozoa comprendono anche il sottotipo <a href="/wiki/Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta">Entoprocta</a>, con bocca e ano che si aprono all'interno del lofoforo. Di queste forme non esiste una testimonianza fossile, poiché esse sono prive di scheletro. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alimentazione">Alimentazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Alimentazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Alimentazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <i>Briozoi</i> si cibano di <a href="/wiki/Plancton" title="Plancton">plancton</a> e di particelle organiche che catturano filtrando l'acqua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evoluzione">Evoluzione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Evoluzione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Evoluzione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OilShaleFossilsEstonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/OilShaleFossilsEstonia.jpg/220px-OilShaleFossilsEstonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/OilShaleFossilsEstonia.jpg/330px-OilShaleFossilsEstonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/OilShaleFossilsEstonia.jpg/440px-OilShaleFossilsEstonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Briozoo fossile (<a href="/wiki/Ordoviciano" title="Ordoviciano">Ordoviciano</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Da studi su ritrovamenti <a href="/wiki/Fossili" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossili">fossili</a> emerge che i <i>Briozoi</i> sono comparsi, con innumerevoli specie, nel <a href="/wiki/Cambriano" title="Cambriano">Cambriano</a>, ed ebbero la massima espansione nel periodo tra l'<a href="/wiki/Ordoviciano" title="Ordoviciano">Ordoviciano</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Carbonifero" title="Carbonifero">Carbonifero</a>, con la comparsa di numerose nuove specie, e nel periodo tra <a href="/wiki/Giurassico" title="Giurassico">Giurassico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cretaceo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretaceo">Cretaceo</a>. </p><p>Attualmente si conoscono circa 4 000 specie viventi, buona parte delle quali risale al <a href="/wiki/Paleozoico" title="Paleozoico">Paleozoico</a>, e più di 15 000 specie fossili. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Cesare Emiliani, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=MfAGpVq8gpQC&pg=PA489&lpg=PA489"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Paleozoic</span></a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12132666"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dictionary of the physical sciences : terms, formulas, data</span></a>, Oxford University Press, 1987, pp. 488-490, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-19-503652-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-19-503652-2">0-19-503652-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/12132666">12132666</a>. <small>URL consultato il 9 febbraio 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Robert Wynn Jones e Wynn Robert Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KJBKC4qvV8AC&pg=RA5-PA116&lpg=RA5-PA116&hl=en"><span style="font-style:italic;">Applied Palaeontology</span></a>, Cambridge University Press, 4 maggio 2006, p. 116, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-521-84199-3" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-521-84199-3">978-0-521-84199-3</a>. <small>URL consultato il 9 febbraio 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) L. S. Peck, P. J. Hayward e M. E. Spencer-Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349118"><span style="font-style:italic;">A pelagic bryozoan from Antarctica</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Marine Biology</span>, vol. 123, n. 4, 1º ottobre 1995, pp. 757-762, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00349118">10.1007/BF00349118</a>. <small>URL consultato il 9 febbraio 2020</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa-4"><a href="#cite_ref-RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Ruppert, E.E., Fox, R.S. e Barnes, R.D., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821"><span style="font-style:italic;">Lophoporata</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Invertebrate Zoology</span>, 7ª ed., Brooks / Cole, 2004, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/829">829</a>–845, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-03-025982-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-03-025982-1">978-0-03-025982-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> T.I. Storer, et al., <span style="font-style:italic;">Zoologia</span>, a cura di P.Brignoli, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1994, pp. 481-484, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-08-00606-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-08-00606-9">88-08-00606-9</a>.</cite></li> <li>R. Argano et al. <i>Zoologia. Diversità animale</i>, Bologna, Monduzzi Editore, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788832361070" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-323-6107-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Bryozoa"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bryozoa?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="wikispecies:Bryozoa"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa?uselang=it">Wikispecies</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bryozoa?uselang=it">Bryozoa</a></span></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikispecies"><img alt="Collabora a Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/18px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/27px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/36px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="129" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikispecies</a></span> contiene informazioni su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bryozoa?uselang=it">Bryozoa</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) John S. Ryland, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/moss-animal"><span style="font-style:italic;">moss animal</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148134#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFossilworks.org" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=24773"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bryozoa</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Fossilworks.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148134#P842" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) WoRMS (2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=146142"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bryozoa</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php">World Register of Marine Species</a>)</span>. <small>URL consultato l'11 gennaio 2020</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=155470"><span style="font-style:italic;">ITIS Standard Report Page: Bryozoa</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a></span>. <small>URL consultato il 30/04/2011</small>.</cite></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/{{{1}}}"><span style="font-style:italic;">Catalogue of Life: {{{2}}}</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">catalogueoflife.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il {{{3}}}</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossili.it/fossili/schedabriozoi.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bryozoa (Briozoi)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Fossili.it</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=18291">18291</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85017385">sh85017385</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4170528-2">4170528-2</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119498769">cb119498769</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119498769">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007292550205171">987007292550205171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dachs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Animali"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dachs.jpg/25px-Dachs.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dachs.jpg/38px-Dachs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Dachs.jpg/50px-Dachs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="213" data-file-height="186" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Animali" title="Portale:Animali">Portale Animali</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di animali</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&oldid=143989615">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&oldid=143989615</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Briozoi" title="Categoria:Briozoi">Briozoi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_Tassobox_-_Phylum_Bryozoa" title="Categoria:Voci con Tassobox - Phylum Bryozoa">Voci con Tassobox - Phylum Bryozoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_modulo_citazione_e_parametro_pagine" title="Categoria:Voci con modulo citazione e parametro pagine">Voci con modulo citazione e parametro pagine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P842_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P842 letta da Wikidata">P842 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_Thesaurus_BNCF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF">Voci con codice Thesaurus BNCF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pagine_che_utilizzano_collegamenti_magici_ISBN" title="Categoria:Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN">Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 13 mar 2025 alle 06:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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