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mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shakespeare_(homonymie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Shakespeare (homonymie)">Shakespeare (homonymie)</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg/20px-Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg/30px-Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg/40px-Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Sauf précision contraire, les dates de cet article sont exprimées dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_julien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne_(royaume)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne (royaume)">Grande-Bretagne</a> et ses dépendances utilisent le calendrier julien jusqu'en 1752.</p> </div> </div> <p><b>William Shakespeare</b> est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dramaturge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dramaturge">dramaturge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poète</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Angleterre">anglais</a> baptisé le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1564-05-06" data-sort-value="1564-05-06">26 avril 1564</time> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a> et mort le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1616-04-23" data-sort-value="1616-04-23">23 avril 1616</time> dans la même ville. Surnommé « le Barde d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avon_(Warwickshire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avon (Warwickshire)">Avon</a> », « le Barde immortel » ou simplement « le Barde », il est considéré comme l'un des plus grands <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poètes</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dramaturge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dramaturge">dramaturges</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglais">langue anglaise</a>. Son œuvre, traduite dans de nombreuses langues, se compose de 39 pièces, 154 sonnets et quelques poèmes supplémentaires, dont certains ne lui sont pas attribués de manière certaine.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete icon auteur" style="background-color: #4C6099; color: #FFF;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r155517023">.mw-parser-output .entete.auteur{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_auteur.png")}</style> <div> William Shakespeare </div> </div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Shakespeare.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/220px-Shakespeare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/330px-Shakespeare.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/440px-Shakespeare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2489"></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"> Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portrait_Chandos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portrait Chandos">portrait Chandos</a> est l'un des rares <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portraits_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portraits de Shakespeare">portraits de Shakespeare</a> considéré comme authentique. </div> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#7090E0; height:1px;"></div> <table> <caption class="hidden" style=""> Données clés </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Naissance</th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1564" data-sort-value="1564"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1564_en_litt%C3%A9rature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1564 en littérature">1564</a></time> <br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Angleterre">Angleterre</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Décès</th> <td><span class="nowrap" data-sort-value="1616-05-03">23 avril 1616</span> (<time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1616-05-03" data-sort-value="1616-05-03"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3 mai">3 mai</a></time> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Passage_du_calendrier_julien_au_calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Passage du calendrier julien au calendrier grégorien">dans le calendrier grégorien</a>) <br><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Angleterre">Angleterre</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Activité principale</th> <td> <div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dramaturge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dramaturge">dramaturge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poète">poète</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acteur">acteur</a> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#7090E0;"> Auteur </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Langue d’écriture</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglais">anglais</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Mouvement</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_%C3%A9lisab%C3%A9thain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théâtre élisabéthain">théâtre élisabéthain</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Genres</th> <td> <div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Com%C3%A9die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comédie">comédie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tragédie">tragédie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poésie">poésie</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Adjectifs dérivés</th> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/shakespearien" class="extiw" title="wikt:shakespearien">shakespearien</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p class="bloc" style="background-color:#7090E0;">Œuvres principales</p> <div style="font-size: 95%;"> <ul> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_et_Juliette?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roméo et Juliette">Roméo et Juliette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (Shakespeare)">Macbeth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Othello_ou_le_Maure_de_Venise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Othello ou le Maure de Venise">Othello</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Songe_d%27une_nuit_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Songe d'une nuit d'été">Le Songe d'une nuit d'été</a></i></li> </ul> </div> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#7090E0; height:1px;"></div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fichier:William_Shakespeare_Signature.svg&lang=fr&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Signature de William Shakespeare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/William_Shakespeare_Signature.svg/langfr-170px-William_Shakespeare_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/William_Shakespeare_Signature.svg/langfr-255px-William_Shakespeare_Signature.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/William_Shakespeare_Signature.svg/langfr-340px-William_Shakespeare_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="165"></a></span> </div> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#7090E0;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWilliam_Shakespeare%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_%C3%89crivain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <p>Après des études à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a>, dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warwickshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a>, Shakespeare se marie à 18 ans avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(femme_de_Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Hathaway (femme de Shakespeare)">Anne Hathaway</a>, avec qui il a trois enfants. À une date inconnue entre 1585 et 1592, il entame sa carrière d'acteur et auteur à succès à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a> au sein des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Men?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a>, une troupe dont il est actionnaire. Il semble s'être retiré à Stratford vers 1613 pour y mourir trois ans plus tard. Il ne subsiste guère de traces de l'homme Shakespeare, ce qui a engendré de nombreuses spéculations concernant son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portraits_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portraits de Shakespeare">apparence physique</a>, sa <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexualit%C3%A9_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexualité de Shakespeare">sexualité</a>, sa <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Religion_de_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Religion de Shakespeare (page inexistante)">religion</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_of_William_Shakespeare" class="extiw" title="en:Religious views of William Shakespeare"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Religious views of William Shakespeare »">(en)</span></a>. Des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paternit%C3%A9_des_%C5%93uvres_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paternité des œuvres de Shakespeare">théories marginales</a> avancent que son œuvre a été en réalité écrite par un autre.</p> <p>Shakespeare rédige la majeure partie de ses pièces entre 1589 et 1613. Les premières sont surtout des comédies et des pièces historiques, puis il se consacre davantage aux tragédies comme <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Othello_ou_le_Maure_de_Venise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Othello ou le Maure de Venise">Othello</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Roi_Lear?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Roi Lear">Le Roi Lear</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (Shakespeare)">Macbeth</a></i>. À la fin de sa vie, il rédige des tragi-comédies et collabore avec d'autres dramaturges. De son vivant, bon nombre de ses pièces sont publiées dans des ouvrages bon marché de qualité variable. En 1623, deux de ses amis éditent le « <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_Folio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier Folio">Premier Folio</a></i> », un recueil qui comprend presque toute son œuvre théâtrale sous une forme définitive. Dans sa préface, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben_Jonson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a> prédit le caractère intemporel de Shakespeare, dont les pièces continuent à être mises en scène, adaptées, redécouvertes et réinterprétées au fil des siècles dans des contextes culturels et politiques variés.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Biographie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biographie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Origines,_mariage_et_ann%C3%A9es_perdues"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Origines, mariage et années perdues</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Acteur_et_dramaturge_%C3%A0_Londres"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Acteur et dramaturge à Londres</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Derni%C3%A8res_ann%C3%A9es_et_mort"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Dernières années et mort</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arbre_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Arbre généalogique</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C5%92uvres"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Œuvres</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Théâtre</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_pi%C3%A8ces"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Les pièces</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sur_sc%C3%A8ne"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sur scène</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Publication"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Publication</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Classification"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Classification</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Po%C3%A9sie"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Poésie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_sonnets"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Les sonnets</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Autres_po%C3%A8mes"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Autres poèmes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Faux_documents_de_Shakespeare"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Faux documents de Shakespeare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Style"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Style</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Influence"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Influence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Accueil_critique"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Accueil critique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sp%C3%A9culations"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Spéculations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Paternit%C3%A9_de_ses_%C5%93uvres"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Paternité de ses œuvres</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sexualit%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sexualité</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Portraits"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Portraits</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pour_en_savoir_plus"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Pour en savoir plus</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Origines,_mariage_et_années_perdues"><span id="Origines.2C_mariage_et_ann.C3.A9es_perdues"></span>Origines, mariage et années perdues</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg/220px-Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg/220px-Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg/330px-Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg/440px-Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maison_natale_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maison natale de Shakespeare">maison natale de Shakespeare</a> à Stratford-upon-Avon. </figcaption> </figure> <p>William Shakespeare est le fils de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Shakespeare">John Shakespeare</a> (vers 1531-1601) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Shakespeare">Mary Arden</a> (vers 1537-1608). Son père, originaire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Snitterfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Snitterfield">Snitterfield</a> dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warwickshire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a>, est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gant">gantier</a> prospère établi à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a> où il occupe la charge d'<span class="lang-en" lang="en">alderman</span>, tandis que sa mère est la fille d'un riche propriétaire terrien de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilmcote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilmcote">Wilmcote</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198714-22_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198714-22-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Né à Stratford, William Shakespeare est baptisé le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1564-05-06" data-sort-value="1564-05-06">26 avril 1564</time>. Sa date de naissance exacte est inconnue. Une tradition qui trouve son origine dans une erreur commise par le critique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Steevens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Steevens">George Steevens</a> au <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle la situe le <time class="nowrap" datetime="04-23" data-sort-value="04-23">23 avril</time>. Cette date est reprise par de nombreux biographes, séduits par la coïncidence avec la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_de_Lydda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges de Lydda">Saint-Georges</a>, fête du saint patron de l'Angleterre, ainsi qu'avec le jour de la mort du dramaturge en 1616<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198724-26,_296_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198724-26,_296-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honan199815-16_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan199815-16-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. William est le troisième des huit enfants des Shakespeare et l'aîné des fils qui survivent à la petite enfance<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198724-26_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198724-26-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La plupart des biographes de Shakespeare considèrent qu'il est probablement scolarisé à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=King_Edward_VI_School_(Stratford-upon-Avon)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="King Edward VI School (Stratford-upon-Avon) (page inexistante)">King's New School</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Edward_VI_School,_Stratford-upon-Avon" class="extiw" title="en:King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon »">(en)</span></a> de Stratford, bien qu'aucun registre de présence ne subsiste de cette époque<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198762-63_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198762-63-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd200653_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd200653-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xv-xvi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xv-xvi-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grammar_school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a></span></i> a été fondée par une charte royale d'<span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard VI"><span class="nowrap">Édouard <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></span></a></span> en 1553<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin1944464_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baldwin1944464-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et se situe à moins de 500 mètres de la maison de John Shakespeare. Les écoles anglaises sont de qualité variable, mais elles partagent le même programme par décret royal<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin1944179-180,_183_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baldwin1944179-180,_183-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cressy197528-29_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cressy197528-29-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il repose principalement sur l'étude intensive de la grammaire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_classique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin classique">latin classique</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature_latine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Littérature latine">littérature latine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin1944117_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Baldwin1944117-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Shakespeare_coat-of-arms.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Shakespeare_coat-of-arms.jpg/170px-Shakespeare_coat-of-arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="330"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 202px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Shakespeare_coat-of-arms.jpg/170px-Shakespeare_coat-of-arms.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="202" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Shakespeare_coat-of-arms.jpg/255px-Shakespeare_coat-of-arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Shakespeare_coat-of-arms.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Le blason accordé au père de Shakespeare en 1596, avec une lance <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">(spear)</span></i> en guise de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armes_parlantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armes parlantes">calembour</a> sur son patronyme. </figcaption> </figure> <p>William Shakespeare est âgé de dix-huit ans lorsqu'il se marie avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(femme_de_Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Hathaway (femme de Shakespeare)">Anne Hathaway</a>, la fille d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yeoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yeoman">yeoman</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shottery&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shottery (page inexistante)">Shottery</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shottery" class="extiw" title="en:Shottery"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Shottery »">(en)</span></a>, âgée de vingt-six ans. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consistoire_(protestantisme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consistoire (protestantisme)">consistoire</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se_de_Worcester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diocèse de Worcester">diocèse de Worcester</a> émet un certificat de mariage le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1582-11-27" data-sort-value="1582-11-27">27 novembre 1582</time>, qui autorise la célébration des noces après seulement une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publication_des_bans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publication des bans">publication des bans</a> au lieu de trois. Le lendemain, deux voisins de Hathaway certifient qu'il n'existe aucun empêchement légal à cette union<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198777–79_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198777%E2%80%9379-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wood200384_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wood200384-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette précipitation s'explique par l'état de Hathaway, qui accouche six mois plus tard d'une fille, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Susanna_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Susanna Hall">Susanna</a>, baptisée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1583-05-26" data-sort-value="1583-05-26">26 mai 1583</time><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198793_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198793-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des jumeaux, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamnet_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamnet Shakespeare">Hamnet</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judith_Quiney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judith Quiney">Judith</a>, naissent un an et demi plus tard et sont baptisés le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1585-02-02" data-sort-value="1585-02-02">2 février 1585</time><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198794_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198794-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Hamnet meurt à l'âge de onze ans de causes inconnues ; il est enterré à Stratford le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1596-08-11" data-sort-value="1596-08-11">11 août 1596</time><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987224_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987224-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Après la naissance des jumeaux, Shakespeare disparaît presque complètement des documents d'époque pendant sept ans, jusqu'à sa réapparition comme figure établie du petit monde du théâtre londonien en 1592. Sa seule mention dans les sources pour cette période figure dans les documents concernant un procès tenu au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cour_du_banc_du_Roi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cour du banc du Roi">Queen's Bench</a> de Westminster entre fin 1588 et fin 1589<sup id="cite_ref-Bate2008314_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bate2008314-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les biographes du dramaturge rapportent de nombreuses histoires apocryphes censées avoir eu lieu pendant ces « années perdues » de sa vie<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198795_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198795-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le premier d'entre eux, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicholas_Rowe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicholas Rowe">Nicholas Rowe</a> (1674-1718), rapporte une légende de Stratford selon laquelle Shakespeare se serait enfui à Londres pour échapper à la justice après avoir été surpris braconnant sur les terres de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lucy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Lucy (page inexistante)">Thomas Lucy</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lucy" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas Lucy"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Thomas Lucy »">(en)</span></a>. Il aurait pris sa revanche plus tard en composant un poème calomnieux contre Lucy<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198797-108_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198797-108-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une autre légende affirme que Shakespeare aurait fait son entrée dans le monde du théâtre comme valet d'écurie<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987144-145_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987144-145-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Aubrey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Aubrey">John Aubrey</a> (1626-1697) rapporte qu'il aurait été maître d'école quelque part à la campagne<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987110-111_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987110-111-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, une idée reprise au <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle à la suite de la découverte d'un certain « William Shakeshafte » dans les légataires du testament d'Alexander Hoghton, un propriétaire catholique du Lancashire<sup id="cite_ref-Honigmann19991_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honigmann19991-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xvii_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xvii-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Aucune de ces légendes n'est fondée sur davantage que des racontars et des hypothèses qui ne font pas consensus ; <i>Shakeshafte</i> est un patronyme courant dans le Lancashire<sup id="cite_ref-Honigmann199995-117_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honigmann199995-117-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wood200397-109_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wood200397-109-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Acteur_et_dramaturge_à_Londres"><span id="Acteur_et_dramaturge_.C3.A0_Londres"></span>Acteur et dramaturge à Londres</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Globe_theatre_london.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Globe_theatre_london.jpg/220px-Globe_theatre_london.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Globe_theatre_london.jpg/220px-Globe_theatre_london.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Globe_theatre_london.jpg/330px-Globe_theatre_london.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Globe_theatre_london.jpg/440px-Globe_theatre_london.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La reconstitution du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Globe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théâtre du Globe">théâtre du Globe</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La date et la manière dont débute la carrière d'acteur et d'écrivain de Shakespeare sont inconnues. Il est suffisamment célèbre en 1592 pour être la cible de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Greene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Greene">Robert Greene</a>. Dans son pamphlet <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Greene's_Groats-Worth_of_Wit&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit (page inexistante)">Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greene%2527s_Groats-Worth_of_Wit" class="extiw" title="en:Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit »">(en)</span></a></i>, publié à titre posthume, Greene accuse à mots couverts Shakespeare de n'être qu'un touche-à-tout médiocre, qui a l'outrecuidance de vouloir rivaliser avec des dramaturges établis sortis d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_d%27Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université d'Oxford">Oxford</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Cambridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université de Cambridge">Cambridge</a> comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Nashe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Nashe">Thomas Nashe</a> ou Greene lui-même<sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006176_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006176-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenblatt2005213_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Greenblatt2005213-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987151-153_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987151-153-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il s'agit de la toute première allusion à l'œuvre théâtrale de Shakespeare, qui pourrait avoir débuté à n'importe quelle date entre le milieu des années 1580 et l'attaque de Greene<sup id="cite_ref-Wells200628_29-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wells200628-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987144-146_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987144-146-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chambers1930a59_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chambers1930a59-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>À partir de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1594?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1594">1594</a>, les pièces de Shakespeare sont exclusivement interprétées par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Men?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a>, une compagnie d'acteurs à laquelle il appartient et qui devient rapidement la plus populaire de Londres<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987184_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987184-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après la mort de la reine <span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Ire_(reine_d%27Angleterre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élisabeth Ire (reine d'Angleterre)"><span class="nowrap">Élisabeth <abbr class="abbr" title="première"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>re</sup></abbr></span></a></span>, en 1603, son successeur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_VI_et_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques VI et Ier">Jacques <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> devient le mécène de la troupe, qui se rebaptise les King's Men<sup id="cite_ref-Chambers1923208-209_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chambers1923208-209-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Plusieurs membres de la compagnie s'associent en 1599 pour faire construire leur propre théâtre dans le quartier de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southwark_(quartier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southwark (quartier)">Southwark</a>, au sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamise">Tamise</a> : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Globe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théâtre du Globe">Globe</a>. Ils prennent également le contrôle du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blackfriars_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blackfriars Theatre">Blackfriars Theatre</a> en 1608. Les archives montrent que Shakespeare tire des bénéfices substantiels de son association avec la troupe<sup id="cite_ref-Chambers1930b67-71_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chambers1930b67-71-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1597, il est en mesure de racheter la deuxième plus grande maison de Stratford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maison_de_New_Place?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maison de New Place">New Place</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bentley196136_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bentley196136-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Les pièces écrites par Shakespeare commencent à être publiées au format <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/In-quarto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="In-quarto">in-quarto</a> en 1594. Son nom apparaît sur les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Page_de_titre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Page de titre">pages de titre</a> à partir de 1598, signe d'une certaine popularité<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987188_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987188-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kastan199937_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kastan199937-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knutson200117_38-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Knutson200117-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il continue à se produire comme acteur, y compris dans des pièces d'autres auteurs, jouant ainsi dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Every_Man_in_His_Humour&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Every Man in His Humour (page inexistante)">Every Man in His Humour</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Every_Man_in_His_Humour" class="extiw" title="en:Every Man in His Humour"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Every Man in His Humour »">(en)</span></a></i> (1598) et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sejanus_His_Fall&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sejanus His Fall (page inexistante)">Sejanus His Fall</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejanus_His_Fall" class="extiw" title="en:Sejanus His Fall"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Sejanus His Fall »">(en)</span></a></i> (1603) de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben_Jonson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a><sup id="cite_ref-Holland2013_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Holland2013-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En revanche, il ne figure pas dans la distribution de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volpone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volpone">Volpone</a></i> en 1605, ce qui est interprété par certains biographes comme la preuve de la fin de sa carrière d'acteur<sup id="cite_ref-Wells200628_29-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wells200628-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Néanmoins, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_Folio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier Folio">Premier Folio</a> de 1623 affirme qu'il fait partie des rôles principaux de toutes ses pièces, dont certaines n'ont commencé à être jouées qu'après 1605, sans que l'on sache les rôles qu'il interprète<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987200_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987200-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1610, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Davies_de_Hereford&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Davies de Hereford (page inexistante)">John Davies de Hereford</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davies_of_Hereford" class="extiw" title="en:John Davies of Hereford"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « John Davies of Hereford »">(en)</span></a> affirme que le « bon Will » jouait les rôles « royaux<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987200-201_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987200-201-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> » Un siècle plus tard, Nicholas Rowe rapporte la tradition selon laquelle il interprétait le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spectre_(Shakespeare)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Spectre (Shakespeare) (page inexistante)">spectre du roi</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_(Hamlet)" class="extiw" title="en:Ghost (Hamlet)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Ghost (Hamlet) »">(en)</span></a> dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>. D'autres rôles lui sont attribués ultérieurement : Adam dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comme_il_vous_plaira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comme il vous plaira">Comme il vous plaira</a></i>, le chœur dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_V_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri V (Shakespeare)">Henri V</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006357_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006357-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxii_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxii-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les spécialistes remettent en question les sources de ces informations<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987202-203_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987202-203-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Durant toute sa carrière, Shakespeare partage son temps entre Londres et Stratford. En 1596, il réside dans la paroisse de St. Helen's à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bishopsgate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bishopsgate">Bishopsgate</a><sup id="cite_ref-Holland2013_39-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Holland2013-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998121_45-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998121-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il déménage à Southwark avant 1599, année de la fondation du Globe<sup id="cite_ref-Holland2013_39-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Holland2013-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro2005122_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro2005122-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, puis retourne vivre de l'autre côté de la Tamise avant 1604. Cette année-là, il loue un appartement à un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huguenot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huguenot">huguenot</a> français dans un quartier au nord de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Paul_de_Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Saint-Paul de Londres">cathédrale Saint-Paul</a> qui comprend plusieurs belles maisons<sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998325_47-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998325-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenblatt2005405_48-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Greenblatt2005405-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Dernières_années_et_mort"><span id="Derni.C3.A8res_ann.C3.A9es_et_mort"></span>Dernières années et mort</h3> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg/220px-Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg/220px-Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg/330px-Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg/440px-Shakespeare_grave_-Stratford-upon-Avon_-3June2007.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La tombe de Shakespeare. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Nicholas Rowe est le premier à affirmer que Shakespeare prend sa retraite pour aller passer à Stratford les dernières années de sa vie, une affirmation reprise par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006476_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006476-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holland2013_39-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Holland2013-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cependant, l'idée de prendre sa retraite n'est pas courante au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998382-383_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998382-383-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De fait, un document de 1635 indique qu'il est encore actif sur les planches à Londres en 1608<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1964558_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Smith1964558-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cependant, l'épidémie de peste bubonique qui frappe Londres l'année suivante entraîne de fréquentes fermetures pour les théâtres de la ville (ils sont fermés pendant plus de 60 mois entre <time class="nowrap" datetime="1603-05" data-sort-value="1603-05">mai 1603</time> et <time class="nowrap" datetime="1610-02" data-sort-value="1610-02">février 1610</time>), ce qui réduit pour les acteurs les occasions de travailler<sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006477_52-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006477-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barroll1991179-182_53-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barroll1991179-182-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bate2008354-355_54-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bate2008354-355-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La présence de Shakespeare à Londres est encore attestée entre 1611 et 1614<sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006476_49-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006476-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1612, il est appelé à témoigner dans l'affaire <i>Bellott v. Mountjoy</i><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998326_55-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998326-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006462-464_56-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006462-464-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En mars de l'année suivante, il achète une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porterie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porterie">porterie</a> de l'ancien prieuré de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blackfriars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blackfriars">Blackfriars</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987272-274_57-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987272-274-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. À partir de <time class="nowrap" datetime="1614-11" data-sort-value="1614-11">novembre 1614</time>, il passe plusieurs semaines à Londres chez son gendre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Hall_(m%C3%A9decin)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Hall (médecin) (page inexistante)">John Hall</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hall_(physician)" class="extiw" title="en:John Hall (physician)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « John Hall (physician) »">(en)</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998387_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998387-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il rédige moins de pièces à partir de 1610 et aucune ne lui est attribuée après 1613<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987279_59-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987279-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ses trois dernières sont le fruit d'une collaboration, probablement avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Fletcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Fletcher">John Fletcher</a>, son successeur comme dramaturge attitré des King's Men<sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998375-378_60-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998375-378-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987276_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987276-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>William Shakespeare meurt le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1616-04-23" data-sort-value="1616-04-23">23 avril 1616</time> à l'âge de 52 ans, un mois après avoir établi son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Testament_de_William_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Testament de William Shakespeare (page inexistante)">testament</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%2527s_will" class="extiw" title="en:Shakespeare's will"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Shakespeare's will »">(en)</span></a>, dans lequel il se décrit comme « en parfaite santé ». Les circonstances de son décès ne sont rapportées par aucune source d'époque. Un demi-siècle plus tard, le vicaire de Stratford <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Ward_(vicaire)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Ward (vicaire) (page inexistante)">John Ward</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ward_(vicar)" class="extiw" title="en:John Ward (vicar)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « John Ward (vicar) »">(en)</span></a> rapporte qu'il aurait été pris de fièvre à la suite d'une soirée trop arrosée avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Drayton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Drayton">Michael Drayton</a> et Ben Jonson et qu'il en serait mort<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum199178_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum199178-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rowse1963453_63-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rowse1963453-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le 23 avril est régulièrement rapproché de la date de l'enterrement de l'écrivain <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a>, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1616-04-23" data-sort-value="1616-04-23">23 avril 1616</time>, par exemple par les Nations unies qui font du 23 avril la journée internationale du livre<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cependant, outre que ce rapprochement nécessite de confondre la date d'enterrement et la date de la mort de l'écrivain espagnol, la coïncidence ne fonctionne que si une date est exprimée dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_julien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a> et l'autre dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a>, ce qui n'est pas le cas : en effet selon le calendrier grégorien, Shakespeare est mort le 3 mai<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La femme et les deux filles de Shakespeare lui survivent. L'aînée, Susanna, s'est mariée au docteur John Hall en 1607, tandis que Judith a épousé un marchand de vin, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Quiney&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Quiney (page inexistante)">Thomas Quiney</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Quiney" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas Quiney"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Thomas Quiney »">(en)</span></a>, deux mois avant la mort de son père<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987287,_292-294_66-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987287,_292-294-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>66<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Susanna hérite de la majeure partie des biens de Shakespeare, qu'elle est censée transmettre intacts à l'aîné de ses éventuels fils<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987304_67-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987304-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>67<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998395-396_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998395-396-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les Quiney ont trois enfants qui meurent sans descendance<sup id="cite_ref-Chambers1930b8,_11,_104_69-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chambers1930b8,_11,_104-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>69<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987296_70-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987296-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les Hall n'ont qu'une fille, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Barnard&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Elizabeth Barnard (page inexistante)">Elizabeth</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Barnard" class="extiw" title="en:Elizabeth Barnard"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Elizabeth Barnard »">(en)</span></a>, qui meurt en 1670 sans avoir eu d'enfant de ses deux maris. Sa mort marque l'extinction de la descendance du dramaturge<sup id="cite_ref-Chambers1930b7,_9,_13_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chambers1930b7,_9,_13-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987289,_318-319_72-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987289,_318-319-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Shakespeare est inhumé dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chancel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chancel">chancel</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_la_Sainte-Trinit%C3%A9_de_Stratford-upon-Avon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église de la Sainte-Trinité de Stratford-upon-Avon">église de la Sainte-Trinité de Stratford-upon-Avon</a> deux jours après sa mort<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987306-307_73-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987306-307-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>73<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xviii_74-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xviii-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>74<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Sa tombe porte l'épitaphe suivante :</p> <div style="column-count:2;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <div style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display: inline-block; text-align:left;" class="poem"> <p>Mon ami, pour l’amour du Sauveur, abstiens-toi<br> De creuser la poussière déposée sur moi.<br> Béni soit l’homme qui épargnera ces pierres<br> Mais maudit soit celui violant mon ossuaire</p> </div> </div> <div style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display: inline-block; text-align: left; font-style:italic;" lang="en" class="poem"> <p><i>Good friend, for Jesus' sake forbear,</i><br><i>To dig the dust enclosed here.</i><br><i>Blest be the man that spares these stones,</i><br><i>But cursed be he that moves my bones.</i></p> </div> </div> </div> <p>À une date inconnue entre 1616 et 1623, un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_de_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monument funéraire de Shakespeare (page inexistante)">monument funéraire</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%2527s_funerary_monument" class="extiw" title="en:Shakespeare's funerary monument"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Shakespeare's funerary monument »">(en)</span></a> est édifié en sa mémoire sur le mur nord du chancel. Il comprend une sculpture à son effigie et une plaque dont le texte le compare à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nestor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nestor">Nestor</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socrate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socrate">Socrate</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virgile">Virgile</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987308-310_75-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987308-310-75"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>75<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Arbre_généalogique"><span id="Arbre_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9alogique"></span>Arbre généalogique</h3> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table class="arbre_genealogique" style="border-spacing:0; text-align:center; font-size:75%;"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Richard_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Richard Shakespeare (page inexistante)">Richard<br> Shakespeare</a><br><small>(1490-1561)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;">Robert<br> Arden<br><small>(† 1556)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Shakespeare">John<br> Shakespeare</a><br><small>(1531-1601)</small></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Shakespeare">Mary<br> Arden</a><br><small>(1537-1608)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #FFF0AA;">Richard<br> Hathaway<br><small>(† 1581)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #FFAEAE;">Joan<br> Shakespeare<br><small>(1558-1558)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #FFAEAE;">Margaret<br> Shakespeare<br><small>(1562-1563)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William<br> Shakespeare</a></b><br><small>(1564-1616)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #FFAEAE;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gilbert Shakespeare (page inexistante)">Gilbert<br> Shakespeare</a><br><small>(1566-1612)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #FFAEAE;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joan_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joan Shakespeare (page inexistante)">Joan<br> Shakespeare</a><br><small>(1569-1646)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #FFAEAE;">Anne<br> Shakespeare<br><small>(1571-1579)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #FFAEAE;">Richard<br> Shakespeare<br><small>(1574-1613)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #FFAEAE;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edmund Shakespeare (page inexistante)">Edmund<br> Shakespeare</a><br><small>(1580-1607)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #FFF0AA;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(femme_de_William_Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anne Hathaway (femme de William Shakespeare)">Anne<br> Hathaway</a><br><small>(1555-1623)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #B0E57C;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Hall_(m%C3%A9decin)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Hall (médecin) (page inexistante)">John<br> Hall</a><br><small>(1575-1635)</small></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Susanna_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Susanna Hall">Susanna<br> Hall</a><br><small>(1583-1649)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamnet_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamnet Shakespeare">Hamnet<br> Shakespeare</a><br><small>(1585-1596)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judith_Quiney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judith Quiney">Judith<br> Quiney</a><br><small>(1585-1662)</small></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #B0E57C;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Quiney&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Quiney (page inexistante)">Thomas<br> Quiney</a><br><small>(1589-1662)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:1em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2"> <div style="width:1em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #B0E57C;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Nash&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Nash (page inexistante)">Thomas<br> Nash</a> (1)<br><small>(1593-1647)</small></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Barnard&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Elizabeth Barnard (page inexistante)">Elisabeth<br> Barnard</a><br><small>(1608-1670)</small></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid"> <div style="width:2em;height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; border-width: 1px; background: #B0E57C;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Bernard_(mort_en_1674)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Bernard (mort en 1674) (page inexistante)">John<br> Barnard</a> (2)<br><small>(1604-1674)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;">Shakespeare<br> Quiney<br><small>(1616-1617)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;">Richard<br> Quiney<br><small>(1618-1639)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid var(--color-emphasized, #000); padding: 0.2em; background: #B4D8E7;">Thomas<br> Quiney<br><small>(1620-1639)</small></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"> <div style="width:2em">   </div></td> </tr> <tr valign="top" align="center"> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> <td colspan="2"> <div style="height:1em">   </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br></p><small>Les ascendants et descendants directs de Shakespeare sont en bleu, ses frères et sœurs en rouge, la famille de sa femme en jaune et ses parents par alliance en vert. Certaines dates sont approximatives.</small> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Œuvres"><span id=".C5.92uvres"></span>Œuvres</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Théâtre"><span id="Th.C3.A9.C3.A2tre"></span>Théâtre</h3> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Les_pièces"><span id="Les_pi.C3.A8ces"></span>Les pièces</h4> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronologie_des_pi%C3%A8ces_de_William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronologie des pièces de William Shakespeare">Chronologie des pièces de William Shakespeare</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_personnages_des_pi%C3%A8ces_de_William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des personnages des pièces de William Shakespeare">Liste des personnages des pièces de William Shakespeare</a>. </div> </div> <p>Trente-neuf pièces de théâtre sont attribuées à Shakespeare : les trente-six parues dans le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_Folio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier Folio">Premier Folio</a></i> en 1623 et trois autres (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ricl%C3%A8s,_prince_de_Tyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Périclès, prince de Tyr">Périclès, prince de Tyr</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Deux_Nobles_Cousins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Deux Nobles Cousins">Les Deux Nobles Cousins</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_III_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard III (Shakespeare)">Édouard III</a></i>). La liste qui suit reprend l'ordre dans lequel elles apparaissent dans le <i>Premier Folio</i>, où elles sont réparties en trois catégories : les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Com%C3%A9die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comédie">comédies</a>, les pièces historiques et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tragédie">tragédies</a>. Les trois pièces supplémentaires sont indiquées à la fin de leurs catégories respectives.</p> <table class="wikitable centre"> <caption> Liste des pièces de William Shakespeare </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" width="33%">Comédies</th> <th scope="col" width="33%">Pièces historiques</th> <th scope="col" width="33%">Tragédies</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <ol> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Temp%C3%AAte_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Tempête (Shakespeare)">La Tempête</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Deux_Gentilshommes_de_V%C3%A9rone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Deux Gentilshommes de Vérone">Les Deux Gentilshommes de Vérone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Joyeuses_Comm%C3%A8res_de_Windsor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Joyeuses Commères de Windsor">Les Joyeuses Commères de Windsor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesure_pour_mesure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesure pour mesure">Mesure pour mesure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Com%C3%A9die_des_erreurs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Comédie des erreurs">La Comédie des erreurs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beaucoup_de_bruit_pour_rien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beaucoup de bruit pour rien">Beaucoup de bruit pour rien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peines_d%27amour_perdues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peines d'amour perdues">Peines d'amour perdues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Songe_d%27une_nuit_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Songe d'une nuit d'été">Le Songe d'une nuit d'été</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Marchand_de_Venise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Marchand de Venise">Le Marchand de Venise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comme_il_vous_plaira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comme il vous plaira">Comme il vous plaira</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_M%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_apprivois%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Mégère apprivoisée">La Mégère apprivoisée</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tout_est_bien_qui_finit_bien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tout est bien qui finit bien">Tout est bien qui finit bien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Nuit_des_rois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Nuit des rois">La Nuit des rois</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Conte_d%27hiver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Conte d'hiver">Le Conte d'hiver</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ricl%C3%A8s,_prince_de_Tyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Périclès, prince de Tyr">Périclès, prince de Tyr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Deux_Nobles_Cousins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Deux Nobles Cousins">Les Deux Nobles Cousins</a></i></li> </ol></td> <td> <ol> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Roi_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Roi Jean">Le Roi Jean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_II_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard II (Shakespeare)">Richard II</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_IV_(premi%C3%A8re_partie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri IV (première partie)"><i>Henri IV</i> (première partie)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_IV_(deuxi%C3%A8me_partie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri IV (deuxième partie)"><i>Henri IV</i> (deuxième partie)</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_V_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri V (Shakespeare)">Henri V</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_VI_(premi%C3%A8re_partie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri VI (première partie)"><i>Henri VI</i> (première partie)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_VI_(deuxi%C3%A8me_partie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri VI (deuxième partie)"><i>Henri VI</i> (deuxième partie)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_VI_(troisi%C3%A8me_partie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri VI (troisième partie)"><i>Henri VI</i> (troisième partie)</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_III_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard III (Shakespeare)">Richard III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_VIII_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri VIII (Shakespeare)">Henri VIII</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_III_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard III (Shakespeare)">Édouard III</a></i></li> </ol></td> <td> <ol> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tro%C3%AFlus_et_Cressida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Troïlus et Cressida">Troïlus et Cressida</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coriolan_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coriolan (Shakespeare)">Coriolan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titus_Andronicus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_et_Juliette?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roméo et Juliette">Roméo et Juliette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timon_d%27Ath%C3%A8nes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Timon d'Athènes">Timon d'Athènes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules César (Shakespeare)">Jules César</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (Shakespeare)">Macbeth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Roi_Lear?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Roi Lear">Le Roi Lear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Othello_ou_le_Maure_de_Venise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Othello ou le Maure de Venise">Othello</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoine_et_Cl%C3%A9op%C3%A2tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoine et Cléopâtre">Antoine et Cléopâtre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cymbeline?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cymbeline">Cymbeline</a></i></li> </ol></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg/220px-Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2595" data-file-height="2040"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg/220px-Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg/330px-Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg/440px-Gilbert_WShakespeares_Plays.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Plays of William Shakespeare</span></i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Gilbert_(peintre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Gilbert (peintre)">John Gilbert</a> (1849) réunit des scènes et personnages de plusieurs pièces de Shakespeare. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Il est difficile de dégager une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chronologie_des_pi%C3%A8ces_de_William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chronologie des pièces de William Shakespeare">chronologie exacte des pièces de Shakespeare</a><sup id="cite_ref-Frye20059_76-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frye20059-76"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>76<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998166_77-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998166-77"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>77<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les plus anciennes remontent au début des années 1590, une période de grande popularité pour le théâtre historique : il s'agit de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_III_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard III (Shakespeare)">Richard III</a></i> et des trois parties de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_VI_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri VI (Shakespeare)">Henri VI</a></i>. Certains éléments suggèrent que <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titus_Andronicus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Com%C3%A9die_des_erreurs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Comédie des erreurs">La Comédie des erreurs</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_M%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_apprivois%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Mégère apprivoisée">La Mégère apprivoisée</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Deux_Gentilshommes_de_V%C3%A9rone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Deux Gentilshommes de Vérone">Les Deux Gentilshommes de Vérone</a></i> appartiennent aussi à la première moitié des années 1590<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987159-161_78-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987159-161-78"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>78<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frye20059_76-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frye20059-76"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>76<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les premières pièces historiques de Shakespeare, qui s'appuient principalement sur l'édition de 1587 de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chroniques_(Holinshed)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chroniques (Holinshed)">chronique</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raphael_Holinshed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raphael Holinshed">Raphael Holinshed</a><sup id="cite_ref-DuttonHoward2003147_79-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DuttonHoward2003147-79"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>79<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, offrent une interprétation dramatique des conséquences néfastes d'un gouvernement faible ou corrompu et constituent peut-être une défense des origines de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maison_Tudor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maison Tudor">maison Tudor</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ribner2005154-155_80-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ribner2005154-155-80"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>80<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elles témoignent de l'influence d'autres dramaturges élisabéthains, notamment <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Kyd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Kyd">Thomas Kyd</a> et Christopher Marlowe, mais aussi du théâtre médiéval et des pièces de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A8que?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sénèque">Sénèque</a><sup id="cite_ref-Frye2005105_81-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frye2005105-81"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>81<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ribner200567_82-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ribner200567-82"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>82<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bednarz2004100_83-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bednarz2004100-83"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>83<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <i>La Comédie des erreurs</i> est également d'inspiration antique, mais aucune source n'a été identifiée pour <i>La Mégère apprivoisée</i>, qui s'inspire peut-être d'un conte populaire<sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998136_84-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998136-84"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>84<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987166_85-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987166-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette pièce, qui raconte la soumission à un homme d'une femme à l'esprit libre, est jugée problématique par les critiques et les publics du début du <abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XXI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-Friedman2006159_86-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Friedman2006159-86"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>86<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Les premières comédies de Shakespeare, d'inspiration antique ou italienne, avec leurs intrigues parallèles bien réglées et leurs passages comiques millimétrés, laissent place au milieu des années 1590 à des comédies à l'atmosphère plus romantique, généralement préférées par la critique<sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006235_87-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006235-87"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>87<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Songe_d%27une_nuit_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Songe d'une nuit d'été">Le Songe d'une nuit d'été</a></i> mélange ainsi romance, magie féérique et comique bas du front<sup id="cite_ref-Wood2003161-162_88-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wood2003161-162-88"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>88<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Marchand_de_Venise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Marchand de Venise">Le Marchand de Venise</a></i>, tout aussi romantique, offre un personnage problématique en la personne de l'usurier juif <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shylock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shylock">Shylock</a>, qui reflète l'antisémitisme de la société élisabéthaine<sup id="cite_ref-Wood2003205-206_89-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wood2003205-206-89"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>89<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998258_90-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998258-90"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>90<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les traits d'esprit de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beaucoup_de_bruit_pour_rien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beaucoup de bruit pour rien">Beaucoup de bruit pour rien</a></i>, les décors pastoraux de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comme_il_vous_plaira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comme il vous plaira">Comme il vous plaira</a></i> et l'ambiance festive de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Nuit_des_rois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Nuit des rois">La Nuit des rois</a></i> viennent compléter l'inventaire des grandes comédies de Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006359-383_91-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006359-383-91"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>91<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après le lyrisme de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_II_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard II (Shakespeare)">Richard II</a></i>, une pièce presque entièrement versifiée, Shakespeare introduit des éléments comiques en prose dans les deux parties de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_IV_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri IV (Shakespeare)">Henri IV</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_V_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri V (Shakespeare)">Henri V</a></i>. Ses personnages deviennent plus complexes et il alterne adroitement scènes humoristiques et sérieuses, en vers ou en prose<sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro2005150_92-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro2005150-92"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gibbons19931_93-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gibbons19931-93"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>93<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006356_94-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006356-94"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>94<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Deux tragédies encadrent cette période fertile : <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_et_Juliette?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roméo et Juliette">Roméo et Juliette</a></i> (vers 1595), l'une de ses pièces les plus célèbres, qui traite de l'adolescence, l'amour et la mort<sup id="cite_ref-Wood2003161_95-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wood2003161-95"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>95<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998206_96-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998206-96"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>96<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules César (Shakespeare)">Jules César</a></i> (vers 1599), inspirée par la traduction des <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vies_parall%C3%A8les_des_hommes_illustres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vies parallèles des hommes illustres">Vies parallèles</a></i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plutarque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plutarque">Plutarque</a> par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_North?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas North">Thomas North</a>, qui introduit un nouveau type de tragédie dans lequel les différents thèmes de prédilection de Shakespeare (politique, personnages, introspection, événements contemporains) commencent à s'alimenter les uns les autres<sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006353,_358_97-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006353,_358-97"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>97<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro2005151-153_98-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro2005151-153-98"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>98<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Vers le début du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, Shakespeare rédige une série de « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_%C3%A0_th%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pièce à thèse">pièces à problèmes</a> » : <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesure_pour_mesure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesure pour mesure">Mesure pour mesure</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tro%C3%AFlus_et_Cressida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Troïlus et Cressida">Troïlus et Cressida</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tout_est_bien_qui_finit_bien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tout est bien qui finit bien">Tout est bien qui finit bien</a></i>. Cette période voit également la production de ses plus célèbres tragédies<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley199185_99-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bradley199185-99"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>99<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Muir200512-16_100-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Muir200512-16-100"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>100<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces textes, qui comptent parmi les plus acclamés du dramaturge, tournent généralement autour d'un personnage principal dont la ruine est causée par un défaut de caractère fondamental<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley199140,_48_101-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bradley199140,_48-101"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>101<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>, c'est l'indécision du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet_(personnage)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet (personnage)">protagoniste</a>, illustrée par sa célèbre tirade <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/To_be,_or_not_to_be?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="To be, or not to be">To be, or not to be</a></span> »</span>, qui entraîne sa perte<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley199194_102-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bradley199194-102"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>102<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Othello_ou_le_Maure_de_Venise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Othello ou le Maure de Venise">Othello</a></i>, c'est la jalousie du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Othello_(personnage)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Othello (personnage)">héros</a>, encouragée par le machiavélique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iago">Iago</a>, qui le pousse à tuer sa femme qui est pourtant innocente<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley199142,_169,_195_103-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bradley199142,_169,_195-103"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>103<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Greenblatt2005304_104-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Greenblatt2005304-104"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>104<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Roi_Lear?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Roi Lear">Le Roi Lear</a></i>, le vieux roi commet l'erreur d'abdiquer ses pouvoirs, mettant en branle une série d'événements qui aboutissent, avec une inéluctable cruauté, à la torture du comte de Gloucester et la mort de sa fille préférée, Cordelia<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley1991226_105-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bradley1991226-105"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>105<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006423_106-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006423-106"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>106<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kermode2004141-142_107-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kermode2004141-142-107"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>107<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (Shakespeare)">Macbeth</a></i>, la plus courte et la plus dense des tragédies de Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald200643-46_108-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McDonald200643-46-108"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>108<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, c'est une insatiable ambition qui pousse Macbeth et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lady_Macbeth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lady Macbeth">sa femme</a> à assassiner le roi légitime avant d'être anéantis par leur culpabilité<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley1991306_109-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bradley1991306-109"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>109<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les dernières grandes tragédies de Shakespeare, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoine_et_Cl%C3%A9op%C3%A2tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoine et Cléopâtre">Antoine et Cléopâtre</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coriolan_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coriolan (Shakespeare)">Coriolan</a></i>, sont considérées comme ses meilleures par le poète et critique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T._S._Eliot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006444_110-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006444-110"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>110<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-McDonald200669-70_111-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McDonald200669-70-111"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>111<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eliot193459_112-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Eliot193459-112"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>112<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Dans ses dernières années, Shakespeare se tourne vers la romance et la tragicomédie. Il achève trois autres grandes pièces : <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cymbeline?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cymbeline">Cymbeline</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Conte_d%27hiver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Conte d'hiver">Le Conte d'hiver</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Temp%C3%AAte_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Tempête (Shakespeare)">La Tempête</a></i>, ainsi que <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ricl%C3%A8s,_prince_de_Tyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Périclès, prince de Tyr">Périclès, prince de Tyr</a></i>, écrite avec un collaborateur anonyme. Ces quatre pièces sont plus sérieuses que les comédies des années 1590, mais elles sont également moins sombres que les tragédies précédentes de Shakespeare, en s'achevant sur la réconciliation des ennemis et le pardon d'erreurs potentiellement tragiques<sup id="cite_ref-Dowden188157_113-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dowden188157-113"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>113<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Certains critiques y ont vu un changement de philosophie d'un Shakespeare plus âgé, mais il s'agit peut-être simplement du reflet des modes du moment<sup id="cite_ref-Dowden188160_114-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dowden188160-114"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>114<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frye2005123_115-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frye2005123-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>115<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-McDonald200615_116-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McDonald200615-116"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>116<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les deux dernières pièces connues de Shakespeare, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_VIII_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri VIII (Shakespeare)">Henri VIII</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Deux_Nobles_Cousins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Deux Nobles Cousins">Les Deux Nobles Cousins</a></i>, sont le résultat d'une collaboration, vraisemblablement avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Fletcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Fletcher">John Fletcher</a><sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery20051247,_1279_117-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery20051247,_1279-117"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>117<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Sur_scène"><span id="Sur_sc.C3.A8ne"></span>Sur scène</h4> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:RichardBurbage.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/RichardBurbage.jpg/170px-RichardBurbage.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 201px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/RichardBurbage.jpg/170px-RichardBurbage.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/RichardBurbage.jpg/255px-RichardBurbage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/RichardBurbage.jpg/340px-RichardBurbage.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Burbage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Burbage">Richard Burbage</a>, premier interprète de personnages comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet_(personnage)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet (personnage)">Hamlet</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Othello_(personnage)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Othello (personnage)">Othello</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les troupes pour lesquelles Shakespeare écrit ses premières pièces ne sont pas identifiées avec certitude. La page de titre de l'édition de 1594 de <i>Titus Andronicus</i> indique cette pièce a été jouée par trois compagnies différentes<sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xx_118-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xx-118"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>118<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Après l'épidémie de peste de 1592-1593, c'est la troupe de Shakespeare, les Lord Chamberlain's Men, qui interprète ses textes au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Theatre">Theatre</a> et au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curtain_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curtain Theatre">Curtain</a>, deux salles du quartier londonien de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shoreditch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shoreditch">Shoreditch</a><sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxi_119-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxi-119"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>119<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'écrivain Leonard Digges rapporte que le public s'y précipite pour assister aux représentations de la première partie de <i>Henri IV</i><sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro200516_120-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro200516-120"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>120<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En conflit avec leur propriétaire, les Lord Chamberlain's Men font raser le Theatre et en utilisent les poutres pour fonder leur propre salle, le Globe, à Southwark. Il s'agit du tout premier théâtre fondé par des acteurs pour des acteurs<sup id="cite_ref-Foakes19906_121-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Foakes19906-121"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>121<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro2005125-131_122-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro2005125-131-122"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>122<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il ouvre ses portes à l'automne 1599 et l'une des premières pièces qui y est jouée est le <i>Jules César</i> de Shakespeare. La plupart de ses chefs-d'œuvre suivants sont écrits pour le Globe, de <i>Hamlet</i> à <i>Othello</i> en passant par <i>Le Roi Lear</i><sup id="cite_ref-Foakes19906_121-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Foakes19906-121"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>121<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nagler19587_123-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nagler19587-123"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>123<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro2005131-132_124-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro2005131-132-124"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>124<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 1603, les Lord Chamberlain's Men deviennent les King's Men et entretiennent dès lors une relation particulière avec le roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_VI_et_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques VI et Ier">Jacques <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>. Les sources d'époque sont parcellaires, mais il est certain qu'ils interprètent sept pièces de Shakespeare à la cour entre le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1604-11-01" data-sort-value="1604-11-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> novembre 1604</time> et le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1605-10-31" data-sort-value="1605-10-31">31 octobre 1605</time>, dont <i>Le Marchand de Venise</i> à deux reprises<sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxii_43-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxii-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. À partir de 1608, la troupe se produit au Blackfriars en hiver et au Globe en été<sup id="cite_ref-Foakes199033_125-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Foakes199033-125"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>125<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le Blackfriars étant une salle couverte, il permet à Shakespeare d'introduire des effets spéciaux plus élaborés, qui correspondent également au goût du public pour les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masque_(spectacle_baroque)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Masque (spectacle baroque)">masques</a> à la mise en scène élaborée. Ainsi, il fait apparaître le dieu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jupiter_(mythologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jupiter (mythologie)">Jupiter</a> assis sur un aigle et entouré d'éclairs dans <i>Cymbeline</i><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006454_126-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006454-126"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>126<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holland2000xli_127-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Holland2000xli-127"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>127<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces effets spéciaux ne sont pas sans danger : le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1613-06-29" data-sort-value="1613-06-29">29 juin 1613</time>, lors d'une représentation de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_VIII_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri VIII (Shakespeare)">Henri VIII</a></i>, un tir de canon met le feu au chaume du Globe et l'incendie qui s'ensuit réduit le théâtre en cendres. Cet incident représente l'un des rares cas où l'on puisse dater une représentation de Shakespeare au jour près<sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery20051247_128-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery20051247-128"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>128<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La troupe de Shakespeare comprend plusieurs acteurs célèbres, parmi lesquels <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Burbage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Burbage">Richard Burbage</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Kempe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Kempe">William Kempe</a>. C'est Burbage qui crée les premiers rôles de plusieurs de ses pièces, dont <i>Richard III</i>, <i>Hamlet</i>, <i>Othello</i> et <i>Le Roi Lear</i><sup id="cite_ref-Ringler1997127_129-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ringler1997127-129"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>129<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Kempe est quant à lui un acteur comique populaire, qui interprète notamment le domestique Pierre dans <i>Roméo et Juliette</i> et l'agent de police <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dogberry&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dogberry (page inexistante)">Dogberry</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogberry" class="extiw" title="en:Dogberry"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Dogberry »">(en)</span></a> dans <i>Beaucoup de bruit pour rien</i><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987210_130-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987210-130"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>130<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chambers1930a341_131-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chambers1930a341-131"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>131<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est remplacé vers 1600 par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Armin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Armin">Robert Armin</a>, qui joue Touchstone dans <i>Comme il vous plaira</i> et le bouffon dans <i>Le Roi Lear</i>, entre autres<sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro2005247–249_132-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro2005247%E2%80%93249-132"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>132<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg/220px-Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2518" data-file-height="1717"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg/220px-Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg/330px-Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg/440px-Macbeth-33-Cauldron.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Le « <i>Macbeth</i> vaudou » mis en scène par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orson_Welles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> en 1936. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Après l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interr%C3%A8gne_anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interrègne anglais">interrègne</a> (1642-1660), pendant lequel le théâtre est interdit, les troupes de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restauration_anglaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Restauration anglaise">Restauration</a> puisent dans l'œuvre des dramaturges de la génération précédente : Beaumont et Fletcher sont extrêmement populaires, mais également Ben Jonson et William Shakespeare. Leurs œuvres sont souvent adaptées de manière radicale, à l'image du <i>Roi Lear</i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nahum_Tate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nahum Tate">Nahum Tate</a> qui reçoit une fin heureuse. Jusqu'au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, les pièces de Shakespeare sont interprétées dans des costumes contemporains. À l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89poque_victorienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Époque victorienne">époque victorienne</a>, les représentations théâtrales sont en revanche marquées par une recherche de reconstitution d'époque<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>133<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, les artistes ayant une fascination pour le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9alisme_(peinture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réalisme (peinture)">réalisme historique</a>. La mise en scène de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Gordon_Craig?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Gordon Craig">Gordon Craig</a> pour <i>Hamlet</i> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1911">1911</a> inaugure son influence <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cubisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cubisme">cubiste</a>, avec un décor épuré constitué de simples niveaux, des teintes monochromes étendues sur des praticables de bois combinés pour se soutenir entre eux. Bien que cette utilisation de l'espace scénique ne soit pas nouvelle, c'est la première fois qu'un metteur en scène l'utilise pour Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>134<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1936?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1936">1936</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orson_Welles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> monte un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macbeth (Shakespeare)">Macbeth</a> novateur à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harlem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>, transposant non seulement l'époque de la pièce mais aussi n'employant que des acteurs afro-américains. Ce spectacle très controversé replace l'action dans les Antilles avec un roi aux prises avec la magie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaudou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaudou">vaudoue</a>. De nombreuses mises en scène ultérieures choisissent de transposer l'action de pièces de Shakespeare dans un monde très contemporain et politique.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Publication">Publication</h4> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg/170px-Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="271" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1513"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 271px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg/170px-Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="271" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg/255px-Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg/340px-Title_page_William_Shakespeare%27s_First_Folio_1623.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La page de titre du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_Folio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier Folio">Premier Folio</a> (1623) avec le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portrait_Droeshout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portrait Droeshout">portrait Droeshout</a>, l'un des seuls <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portraits_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portraits de Shakespeare">portraits de Shakespeare</a> identifiés de manière certaine. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En 1623, deux membres des King's Men, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Condell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Condell">Henry Condell</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Heminges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Heminges">John Heminges</a>, publient le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_Folio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier Folio">Premier Folio</a>, un recueil de 36 pièces de Shakespeare, dont 18 sont imprimées pour la première fois<sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxvii_135-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxvii-135"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>135<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les autres ont été éditées avant cette date au format <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/In-quarto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="In-quarto">in-quarto</a>, plus petit et moins prestigieux<sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv_136-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv-136"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>136<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Rien ne permet d'affirmer que Shakespeare ait autorisé la publication de ces in-quarto, décrits dans le Premier Folio comme <span class="citation">« des copies volées et clandestines<sup id="cite_ref-Pollard1909xi_137-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pollard1909xi-137"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>137<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> »</span>. Le dramaturge n'envisageait en fait probablement pas que son œuvre subsiste d'une manière ou d'une autre, et sans la publication du Premier Folio par ses amis après sa mort, elle serait vraisemblablement tombée dans l'oubli.</p> <p>En 1909, le bibliographe <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_William_Pollard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred William Pollard">Alfred William Pollard</a> introduit l'expression « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mauvais_quarto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mauvais quarto">mauvais quarto</a> » pour décrire certains des textes parus avant 1623 qui se caractérisent par la qualité médiocre de leur contenu. Adapté, paraphrasé ou mélangé, leur texte pourrait être en partie une reconstitution tirée des souvenirs d'un membre du public ou d'un acteur de la troupe<sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv_136-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv-136"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>136<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pollard1909xi_137-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pollard1909xi-137"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>137<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maguire199628_138-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Maguire199628-138"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>138<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Lorsque plusieurs versions d'une même pièce subsistent, elles présentent toujours des différences. Ces différences peuvent provenir d'erreur de copie ou d'impression, de notes prises par les acteurs ou les membres du public, ou même des brouillons de Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers19558-10_139-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bowers19558-10-139"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>139<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv-xxxv_140-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv-xxxv-140"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>140<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est plausible que le dramaturge ait revu le texte de certaines pièces comme <i>Hamlet</i>, <i>Troïlus et Cressida</i> et <i>Othello</i> après leur parution au format in-quarto. Dans le cas du <i>Roi Lear</i>, les différences entre l'in-quarto de 1608 et le Premier Folio sont telles que les éditeurs du <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Oxford Shakespeare</span></i> ont choisi de publier les deux textes l'un après l'autre au lieu de les combiner<sup id="cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005909,_1153_141-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005909,_1153-141"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>141<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Classification">Classification</h4> </div> <p>Les 36 pièces de Shakespeare publiées dans le Premier Folio y sont réparties en trois catégories : 14 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_shakespearienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comédie shakespearienne">comédies</a>, 10 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Histoire_shakespearienne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Histoire shakespearienne (page inexistante)">pièces historiques</a> et 12 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Trag%C3%A9die_shakespearienne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tragédie shakespearienne (page inexistante)">tragédies</a><sup id="cite_ref-Boyce199691,_193,_513_142-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Boyce199691,_193,_513-142"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>142<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Trois pièces supplémentaires, non reprises dans le Premier Folio, sont traditionnellement ajoutées au canon shakespearien, les critiques s'accordant à considérer qu'il a contribué en grande partie à leur écriture : <i>Les Deux Nobles Cousins</i>, <i>Périclès, prince de Tyr</i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_III_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard III (Shakespeare)">Édouard III</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Kathman2003629_143-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kathman2003629-143"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>143<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boyce199691_144-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Boyce199691-144"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>144<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 1875, le critique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edward_Dowden&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edward Dowden (page inexistante)">Edward Dowden</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Dowden" class="extiw" title="en:Edward Dowden"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Edward Dowden »">(en)</span></a> introduit une nouvelle catégorie, celle des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Romance_shakespearienne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Romance shakespearienne (page inexistante)">romances</a>, où il classe quatre comédies tardives : <i>Périclès, prince de Tyr</i>, <i>Cymbeline</i>, <i>Le Conte d'hiver</i> et <i>La Tempête</i>. Le terme de « romance » reste couramment employé pour les décrire, même si certains auteurs préfèrent parler de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tragi-com%C3%A9die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tragi-comédie">tragi-comédies</a><sup id="cite_ref-Edwards19581-10_145-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Edwards19581-10-145"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>145<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-SnyderCurren-Aquino2007_146-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SnyderCurren-Aquino2007-146"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>146<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1896, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Frederick_S._Boas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Frederick S. Boas (page inexistante)">Frederick S. Boas</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_S._Boas" class="extiw" title="en:Frederick S. Boas"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Frederick S. Boas »">(en)</span></a> distingue quatre autres pièces, <i>Tout est bien qui finit bien</i>, <i>Mesure pour mesure</i>, <i>Troïlus et Cressida</i> et <i>Hamlet</i>, qu'il décrit comme des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_%C3%A0_th%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pièce à thèse">pièces à problème</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schanzer19631-10_147-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schanzer19631-10-147"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>147<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il considère en effet que ces pièces ne sont ni strictement des comédies, ni strictement des tragédies<sup id="cite_ref-Boas1896345_148-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Boas1896345-148"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>148<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette classification, amplement débattue par les spécialistes de Shakespeare, reste en usage pour trois de ces quatre pièces, <i>Hamlet</i> étant définitivement considérée comme une tragédie<sup id="cite_ref-Schanzer19631_149-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schanzer19631-149"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>149<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bloom1999325-380_150-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bloom1999325-380-150"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>150<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berry200537_151-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Berry200537-151"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>151<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Poésie"><span id="Po.C3.A9sie"></span>Poésie</h3> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Les_sonnets">Les sonnets</h4> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sonnets_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sonnets (Shakespeare)">Sonnets (Shakespeare)</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg/170px-Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 245px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg/170px-Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="245" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg/255px-Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg/340px-Sonnets1609titlepage.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La page de titre de la première édition des <i>Sonnets</i> de Shakespeare. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Publiés en 1609, les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sonnets_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sonnets (Shakespeare)">Sonnets</a></i> sont la dernière œuvre non-dramatique de Shakespeare à avoir été éditée. Ces 154 poèmes, méditations profondes sur la nature de l'amour, la passion, la procréation, la mort et le passage du temps, ont vraisemblablement été composés sur une longue période de temps à destination d'un public restreint<sup id="cite_ref-Wood2003177-178_152-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wood2003177-178-152"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>152<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987180_153-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987180-153"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>153<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'écrivain <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Meres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Meres">Francis Meres</a> les évoque en 1598, et l'année suivante, deux d'entre eux sont publiés sans l'autorisation de Shakespeare dans le recueil <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_P%C3%A8lerin_passionn%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Pèlerin passionné">Le Pèlerin passionné</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998180,_289_154-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998180,_289-154"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>154<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Roe20061_155-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Roe20061-155"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>155<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987327_156-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987327-156"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>156<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'ordre de l'édition de 1609 ne correspond sans doute pas à la volonté de Shakespeare, qui semble avoir considéré ces poèmes comme appartenant à deux séries distinctes : l'une décrit une violente passion pour une femme mariée au teint mat, tandis que l'autre dépeint un amour contrarié pour un jeune homme blond. La question de l'identité de ces deux personnes est ardemment débattue, tout comme celle du narrateur des poèmes, qui n'est pas forcément censé être Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998180_157-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998180-157"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>157<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987180_153-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987180-153"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>153<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une autre question non résolue est celle de l'identité du « monsieur W. H. » à qui est dédiée l'édition de 1609<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987268-269_158-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1987268-269-158"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>158<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Autres_poèmes"><span id="Autres_po.C3.A8mes"></span>Autres poèmes</h4> </div> <p>En 1593-1594, alors que les théâtres de Londres sont fermés pour cause de peste, Shakespeare publie deux poèmes narratifs, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_et_Adonis_(Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vénus et Adonis (Shakespeare)">Vénus et Adonis</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Rape_of_Lucrece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Rape of Lucrece">Le Viol de Lucrèce</a></i>, qu'il dédie au comte de Southampton <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Wriothesley_(3e_comte_de_Southampton)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Wriothesley (3e comte de Southampton)">Henry Wriothesley</a>. Le sexe est un thème commun aux deux poèmes : dans <i>Vénus et Adonis</i>, l'innocent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adonis_(mythologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adonis (mythologie)">Adonis</a> rejette les avances de la déesse <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_(mythologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vénus (mythologie)">Vénus</a>, tandis que dans <i>Le Viol de Lucrèce</i>, un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sextus_Tarquin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sextus Tarquin">Tarquin</a> lubrique viole la vertueuse <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucr%C3%A8ce_(dame_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucrèce (dame romaine)">Lucrèce</a><sup id="cite_ref-Roe200621_159-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Roe200621-159"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>159<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Inspirés des <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9tamorphoses_(Ovide)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Métamorphoses (Ovide)">Métamorphoses</a></i> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ovide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ovide">Ovide</a>, ces deux textes illustrent la culpabilité et la confusion morale qu'engendrent une luxure débridée<sup id="cite_ref-Frye2005288_160-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frye2005288-160"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>160<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Roe20063,_21_161-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Roe20063,_21-161"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>161<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ils rencontrent un franc succès et sont réédités à plusieurs reprises du vivant de leur auteur. Un troisième poème narratif, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Lover%27s_Complaint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Lover's Complaint">A Lover's Complaint</a></i>, apparaît à la fin de la première édition des <i>Sonnets</i>. Exprimant le désespoir d'une jeune femme abandonnée par son amant, il est généralement attribué à Shakespeare, bien que sa paternité ait été ponctuellement remise en cause à partir du début du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-Roe20061_155-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Roe20061-155"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>155<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2004267-294_162-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jackson2004267-294-162"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>162<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Honan1998289_163-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Honan1998289-163"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>163<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Enfin, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Phoenix_and_the_Turtle&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Phoenix and the Turtle (page inexistante)">The Phoenix and the Turtle</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Phoenix_and_the_Turtle" class="extiw" title="en:The Phoenix and the Turtle"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « The Phoenix and the Turtle »">(en)</span></a></i>, paru en 1601 en supplément au poème <i>Love's Martyr</i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_Chester_(po%C3%A8te)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert Chester (poète) (page inexistante)">Robert Chester</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Chester_(poet)" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Chester (poet)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Robert Chester (poet) »">(en)</span></a>, est une lamentation allégorique sur la mort du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phénix">phénix</a> et de son amante, la colombe.</p> <div class="clear" style="clear:left;"></div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Faux_documents_de_Shakespeare">Faux documents de Shakespeare</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_(4)_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_%284%29_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg/220px-Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_%284%29_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="1493"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 287px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_%284%29_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg/220px-Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_%284%29_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="287" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_%284%29_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg/330px-Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_%284%29_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_%284%29_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg/440px-Houghton_MS_Hyde_60_%284%29_-_William_Henry_Ireland_-_Copy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'une des fausses <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89criture_de_William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écriture de William Shakespeare">signatures de Shakespeare</a> réalisées par William Henry Ireland. MS Hyde 60, (4), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Houghton_Library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Houghton Library">Houghton Library</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Harvard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université Harvard">université Harvard</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dès les années 1790, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faux_(art)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faux (art)">faussaire</a> britannique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Henry_Ireland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Henry Ireland">William Henry Ireland</a> commence à produire de nombreux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Affaire_des_faux_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Affaire des faux Shakespeare (page inexistante)">faux documents prétendument écrits par William Shakespeare</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_Shakespeare_forgeries" class="extiw" title="en:Ireland Shakespeare forgeries"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Ireland Shakespeare forgeries »">(en)</span></a> ou qui lui sont liés. Citons par exemple un portrait de lui, une lettre de la reine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Ire_(reine_d%27Angleterre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élisabeth Ire (reine d'Angleterre)">Élisabeth <abbr class="abbr" title="première">I<sup>re</sup></abbr></a>, une lettre du poète adressée à sa femme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(femme_de_William_Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anne Hathaway (femme de William Shakespeare)">Anne Hathaway</a> (accompagnée d'une boucle de cheveux), ainsi que des extraits de versions alternatives des pièces <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Roi_Lear?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Roi Lear">Le Roi Lear</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamlet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>. En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1796?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1796">1796</a>, il publie même une fausse pièce, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vortigern_and_Rowena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vortigern and Rowena">Vortigern and Rowena</a></i>, inspirée des personnages légendaires de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9gende_arthurienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Légende arthurienne">légende arthurienne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vortigern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rowena_(reine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rowena (reine)">Rowena</a>. Mais la première est un désastre (il n'y aura pas de seconde représentation) et la supercherie finit par éclater au grand jour<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>164<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>165<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Style">Style</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Les premières pièces de Shakespeare sont rédigées comme les autres pièces de l'époque. Ses personnages s'expriment d'une manière stylisée qui n'émerge pas naturellement de leur caractérisation ou des besoins de l'intrigue<sup id="cite_ref-Clemen2005a150_166-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Clemen2005a150-166"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>166<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La poésie du texte repose sur des métaphores filées et des concepts complexes, avec de nombreux artifices rhétoriques. Ils sont davantage faits pour être déclamés que dits. Ainsi, certains critiques estiment que les diatribes grandioses de <i>Titus Andronicus</i> paralysent l'action et que les vers des <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Deux_Gentilshommes_de_V%C3%A9rone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Deux Gentilshommes de Vérone">Deux Gentilshommes de Vérone</a></i> sont trop guindés<sup id="cite_ref-Frye2005105,_177_167-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frye2005105,_177-167"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>167<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clemen2005b29_168-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Clemen2005b29-168"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>168<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Shakespeare ne tarde pas à plier les normes stylistiques à ses propres fins. Ainsi, la tirade introductive de <i>Richard III</i> s'inspire fondamentalement du discours du Vice dans les pièces chrétiennes du Moyen Âge, mais la conscience de soi dont fait preuve le personnage de Richard annonce les monologues des pièces ultérieures de Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-Brooke200469_169-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brooke200469-169"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>169<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bradbrook2004195_170-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bradbrook2004195-170"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>170<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il n'existe pas de démarcation nette pour ce passage d'un style traditionnel à un style plus libre et le dramaturge combine les deux tout au long de sa carrière, ce dont témoigne le plus clairement <i>Roméo et Juliette</i><sup id="cite_ref-Clemen2005b63_171-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Clemen2005b63-171"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>171<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Lorsqu'il rédige cette pièce, ainsi que <i>Richard II</i> et <i>Le Songe d'une nuit d'été</i>, Shakespeare produit une poésie plus naturelle et moins guindée, dans laquelle comparaisons et métaphores sont au service de l'intrigue.</p> <p>Sa forme poétique de prédilection est le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vers_blanc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vers blanc">vers blanc</a> non rimé en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentam%C3%A8tre_iambique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentamètre iambique">pentamètres iambiques</a>, avec dix syllabes par vers et une syllabe sur deux accentuée. Dans ses premières pièces, il tend à faire commencer et finir ses phrases dans les limites de chaque vers, quitte à engendrer une certaine monotonie<sup id="cite_ref-Frye2005185_172-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Frye2005185-172"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>172<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Au fur et à mesure qu'il développe sa maîtrise du vers blanc, il commence à jouer avec le rythme de ses phrases dans des pièces comme <i>Jules César</i> ou <i>Hamlet</i>, dans laquelle les phrases hachées reflètent le trouble qui règne dans l'esprit du prince<sup id="cite_ref-Wright2004868_173-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wright2004868-173"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>173<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Après <i>Hamlet</i>, Shakespeare développe encore sa variété stylistique, notamment dans les passages les plus chargés d'émotion de ses tragédies tardives<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley199191_174-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bradley199191-174"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>174<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il a recours à plusieurs techniques : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enjambement_(po%C3%A9sie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enjambement (poésie)">enjambements</a>, pauses irrégulières et variations marquées dans la structure et la longueur de ses phrases<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald200642-46_175-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McDonald200642-46-175"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>175<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans <i>Macbeth</i>, par exemple, les répliques enchaînent les métaphores et les comparaisons sans point d'ancrage commun, mettant l'auditeur au défi de reconstituer le sens des propos<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald200642-46_175-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McDonald200642-46-175"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>175<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les romances tardives, avec leurs retournements de situation et leur approche spéciale du passage du temps, inspirent une autre variation stylistique : phrases longues et courtes s'opposent, les propositions s'enchaînent, le sujet et l'objet échangent de position, des mots sont omis. Tous ces effets donnent une impression de spontanéité au texte<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald200636,_39,_75_176-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McDonald200636,_39,_75-176"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>176<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le génie poétique de Shakespeare est avant tout lié à sa vision concrète du théâtre<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbons19934_177-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gibbons19934-177"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>177<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Comme tous les dramaturges de l'époque, il s'inspire d'histoires provenant de sources comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plutarque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plutarque">Plutarque</a> ou Holinshed<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbons19931-4_178-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gibbons19931-4-178"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>178<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, mais il retravaille chaque intrigue pour proposer plusieurs centres d'intérêt et présenter autant de points de vue que possible au public. Grâce à cette méthode, les pièces de Shakespeare peuvent être traduites, abrégées ou réinterprétées sans perdre leur conflit central<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbons19931–7,_15_179-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gibbons19931%E2%80%937,_15-179"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>179<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ses progrès comme écrivain l'amènent à offrir des motivations plus claires et plus variées à ses personnages, ainsi que des manières de parler distinctes. Il ne renie pas pour autant complètement le style de ses débuts. Dans ses romances tardives, il revient sciemment à une diction plus artificielle pour mettre l'accent sur le caractère illusoire du théâtre<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald200613_180-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McDonald200613-180"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>180<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meagher2003358_181-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Meagher2003358-181"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>181<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_d%27adaptations_de_William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste d'adaptations de William Shakespeare">Liste d'adaptations de William Shakespeare</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg/170px-Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="556"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 229px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg/170px-Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="229" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg/255px-Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg/340px-Thomas_Banks_Shakespeare_attended_by_Painting_and_Poetry_c_1789.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i>Shakespeare en présence de la peinture et la poésie</i> (vers 1789). Cette gravure de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Smith_(graveur)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Smith (graveur)">Benjamin Smith</a> représente une statue de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Banks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Banks">Thomas Banks</a> située à l'origine à l'entrée de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boydell_Shakespeare_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boydell Shakespeare Gallery">Boydell Shakespeare Gallery</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'influence de Shakespeare sur le théâtre moderne est considérable. Il joue un rôle crucial dans le développement du potentiel dramatique d'éléments comme la caractérisation des personnages, l'intrigue, la langue et le genre<sup id="cite_ref-Chambers194435_182-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chambers194435-182"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>182<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ainsi, les histoires d'amour n'étaient pas considérées comme un sujet valable pour une tragédie avant <i>Roméo et Juliette</i><sup id="cite_ref-Levenson200049-50_183-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Levenson200049-50-183"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>183<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les monologues servaient principalement à transmettre des informations au public ; Shakespeare les utilise pour explorer l'esprit des personnages<sup id="cite_ref-Clemen1987179_184-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Clemen1987179-184"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>184<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, les poètes romantiques tentent de produire de nouvelles pièces en vers sur le modèle de Shakespeare, sans grand succès : selon le critique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Steiner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Steiner">George Steiner</a>, toutes les pièces en vers de langue anglaise produites entre Coleridge et Tennyson ne sont que <span class="citation">« de piètres variations sur les thèmes shakespeariens<sup id="cite_ref-Steiner1996145_185-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Steiner1996145-185"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>185<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> »</span>.</p> <p>L'œuvre de Shakespeare est aussi une influence pour des romanciers comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Hardy_(%C3%A9crivain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Hardy (écrivain)">Thomas Hardy</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Faulkner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Dickens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>. Les monologues des personnages de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herman_Melville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> doivent beaucoup à ceux de Shakespeare : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitaine_Achab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitaine Achab">capitaine Achab</a> de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moby_Dick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moby Dick">Moby Dick</a></i> est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9ros_tragique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Héros tragique">héros tragique</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bryant199882_186-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bryant199882-186"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>186<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Plus de 20 000 œuvres musicales présentent un lien avec Shakespeare, parmi lesquelles les opéras de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macbeth_(op%C3%A9ra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Macbeth (opéra)">Macbeth</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otello_(Verdi)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otello (Verdi)">Otello</a></i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falstaff_(op%C3%A9ra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falstaff (opéra)">Falstaff</a></i>, dont la réputation critique rivalise avec celle des pièces qui les ont inspirés<sup id="cite_ref-Gross2003641-642_187-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gross2003641-642-187"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>187<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De nombreux peintres, notamment des courants romantique et préraphaélite, ont également puisé dans l'œuvre du dramaturge<sup id="cite_ref-Paraisz2006130_188-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Paraisz2006130-188"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>188<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Au-delà du monde des arts, le psychanalyste <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sigmund_Freud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> s'est inspiré des personnages de Shakespeare, notamment Hamlet, pour développer ses théories sur la nature humaine<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom1995346_189-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bloom1995346-189"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>189<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'usage que fait Shakespeare de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglais">langue anglaise</a> contribue au développement de sa forme moderne<sup id="cite_ref-Crystal200155-65,_74_190-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Crystal200155-65,_74-190"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>190<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est l'auteur le plus cité dans le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_English_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionary of the English Language">Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> (1755), l'un des premiers dictionnaires de langue anglaise<sup id="cite_ref-Wain1975194_191-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wain1975194-191"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>191<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De nombreux mots et expressions passés dans le langage courant apparaissent pour la première fois dans l'œuvre de Shakespeare, comme « <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">one fell swoop</span></i> » ou « <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">good riddance</span></i><sup id="cite_ref-Crystal200163_192-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Crystal200163-192"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>192<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ». L'anglais est couramment désigné par la périphrase « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_de_p%C3%A9riphrases_d%C3%A9signant_des_langues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste de périphrases désignant des langues">langue de Shakespeare</a> ».</p> <p>L'influence de Shakespeare ne se limite pas au monde anglophone. Il est populaire en Allemagne dès le <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle auprès des auteurs du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classicisme_de_Weimar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Classicisme de Weimar">classicisme de Weimar</a>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christoph Martin Wieland">Christoph Martin Wieland</a> est le premier à produire une traduction intégrale de son œuvre théâtrale dans une autre langue, dès les années 1760<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>193<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>194<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En France, il exerce une influence notable sur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, certains allant même jusqu'à parler de plagiat s'agissant du <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_P%C3%A8re_Goriot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Père Goriot">Père Goriot</a></i> et du <i>Roi Lear</i><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>195<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Selon l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Index_Translationum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Index Translationum">Index Translationum</a>, avec un total de 4 281 traductions, il est le troisième écrivain le plus traduit au monde après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agatha_Christie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Verne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>196<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Il existe plus de 400 films adaptés des pièces de Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>197<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De 1978 à 1985, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a> produit des adaptations de 37 pièces de Shakespeare pour la télévision : <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">The Complete Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare</a></i>. Cet ensemble unique, joué par quelques-uns des meilleurs comédiens britanniques (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Derek_Jacobi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anthony_Quayle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anthony Quayle">Anthony Quayle</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Gielgud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a>, etc.), est très fidèle aux textes originaux et propose des mises en scène inspirées de la tradition théâtrale anglaise<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>198<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Accueil_critique">Accueil critique</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article connexe : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traductions_fran%C3%A7aises_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traductions françaises de Shakespeare">Traductions françaises de Shakespeare</a>. </div> </div> <p>De son vivant, l'œuvre de Shakespeare est l'objet de commentaires élogieux, mais il n'est pas pour autant considéré comme un génie<sup id="cite_ref-Dominik19889_199-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dominik19889-199"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>199<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001b267_200-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001b267-200"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>200<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans le Premier Folio, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben_Jonson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a> le décrit comme <span class="citation">« l'âme de notre époque, la joie de notre scène »</span>, mais il remarque ailleurs que <span class="citation">« Shakespeare manquait d'art »</span>. Durant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restauration_anglaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Restauration anglaise">Restauration</a> et jusqu'à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, les idées antiques sont à la mode et Shakespeare trouve donc moins grâce aux yeux des critiques que Jonson ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Fletcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Fletcher">John Fletcher</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001b269_201-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001b269-201"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>201<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ainsi, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Rymer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Rymer">Thomas Rymer</a> lui reproche de mélanger le comique au tragique. L'opinion de Rymer prévaut pendant plusieurs décennies, jusqu'à ce que les critiques du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle prennent en considération Shakespeare pour lui-même et décèlent ce qu'ils appellent son génie naturel. Sa réputation s'accroît avec la parution des éditions critiques de Samuel Jonson et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmond_Malone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edmond Malone">Edmond Malone</a>, parues en 1765 <i>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Plays_of_William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Plays of William Shakespeare">The Plays of William Shakespeare</a>)</i> et 1790 respectivement<sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001b270-272_202-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001b270-272-202"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>202<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Levin1986217_203-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Levin1986217-203"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>203<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1769, l'acteur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Garrick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a> organise un jubilé pour Shakespeare dans sa ville natale de Stratford qui marque une étape dans le développement d'un véritable culte autour du dramaturge, la « bardolâtrie<sup id="cite_ref-McIntyre1999412-432_204-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-McIntyre1999412-432-204"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>204<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ». À l'aube du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, sa position comme poète national de l'Angleterre est assurée<sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001b270_205-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001b270-205"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>205<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il bénéficie également d'une solide réputation à l'étranger après avoir été loué par des auteurs comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voltaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lettres_philosophiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lettres philosophiques">Lettres philosophiques</a></i>, 1734), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Ann%C3%A9es_d%27apprentissage_de_Wilhelm_Meister?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Années d'apprentissage de Wilhelm Meister">Les Années d'apprentissage de Wilhelm Meister</a></i>, 1795-1796), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stendhal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stendhal">Stendhal</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Racine_et_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Racine et Shakespeare">Racine et Shakespeare</a></i>, 1823-1825) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_Hugo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> (préface de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cromwell_(Hugo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cromwell (Hugo)">Cromwell</a></i>, 1827, et l'essai <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare_(Hugo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Shakespeare (Hugo)">William Shakespeare</a></i>, 1864)<sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001b272-274_206-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001b272-274-206"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>206<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, l'admiration pour Shakespeare confine à l'adoration<sup id="cite_ref-Sawyer2003113_207-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sawyer2003113-207"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>207<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est loué par les romantiques comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Schlegel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Schlegel">Auguste Schlegel</a><sup id="cite_ref-Levin1986223_208-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Levin1986223-208"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>208<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et l'époque victorienne voit ses pièces interprétées dans des mises en scène grandioses<sup id="cite_ref-Schoch200258-59_209-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoch200258-59-209"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>209<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le dramaturge <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> se moque de ce qu'il appelle la « bardolâtrie » et affirme que le naturalisme de dramaturges comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> a rendu Shakespeare obsolète<sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001b276_210-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001b276-210"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>210<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Néanmoins, le courant moderniste du début du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle ne rejette pas ses œuvres, bien au contraire : ses pièces sont mises à contribution par le théâtre d'avant-garde. Elles sont mises en scène aussi bien par les expressionnistes allemands que par les futuristes russes, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a> développe l'idée du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_%C3%A9pique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théâtre épique">théâtre épique</a> en s'inspirant de Shakespeare. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T._S._Eliot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> prend le contrepied de la critique de Shaw en déclarant que c'est précisément le caractère « primitif » de Shakespeare qui le rend moderne<sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001a22-26_211-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001a22-26-211"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>211<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le courant du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_criticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New criticism">new criticism</a>, inspiré par Eliot et des critiques comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=G._Wilson_Knight&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="G. Wilson Knight (page inexistante)">G. Wilson Knight</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Wilson_Knight" class="extiw" title="en:G. Wilson Knight"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « G. Wilson Knight »">(en)</span></a>, propose une lecture plus attentive de l'imagerie de Shakespeare. De nouvelles approches apparaissent dans les années 1950 et annoncent les études postmodernes de Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001a24_212-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001a24-212"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>212<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Toutes sortes de courants se penchent sur son œuvre, parmi lesquels <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Structuralisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Structuralisme">structuralisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9minisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Féminisme">féminisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9o-historicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Néo-historicisme">néo-historicisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/African-American_studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="African-American studies">African-American studies</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tudes_gaies_et_lesbiennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Études gaies et lesbiennes">queer studies</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grady2001a29_213-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grady2001a29-213"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>213<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drakakis198516-17,_23-25_214-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Drakakis198516-17,_23-25-214"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>214<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Spéculations"><span id="Sp.C3.A9culations"></span>Spéculations</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Paternité_de_ses_œuvres"><span id="Paternit.C3.A9_de_ses_.C5.93uvres"></span>Paternité de ses œuvres</h3> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paternit%C3%A9_des_%C5%93uvres_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paternité des œuvres de Shakespeare">Paternité des œuvres de Shakespeare</a>. </div> </div> <p>Des théories marginales concernant la paternité des œuvres attribuées à Shakespeare circulent depuis le milieu du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro201077-78_215-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro201077-78-215"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>215<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Parmi les noms avancés comme le véritable auteur de ses pièces et poèmes, les plus populaires sont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(philosophe)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Bacon (philosophe)">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a> et le comte d'Oxford <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_de_Vere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard de Vere">Edward de Vere</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gibson200548,_72,_124_216-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gibson200548,_72,_124-216"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>216<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette idée suscite une certaine curiosité chez le grand public, mais les milieux universitaires considèrent de manière quasiment unanime qu'il n'existe aucune raison valable de remettre en doute la paternité des œuvres de Shakespeare<sup id="cite_ref-Kathman2003620,_625-626_217-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kathman2003620,_625-626-217"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>217<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Love2002194-209_218-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Love2002194-209-218"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>218<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1991430-440_219-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1991430-440-219"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>219<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> </div> <p>La vie publique de Shakespeare est celle d'un fidèle de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_d%27Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église d'Angleterre">Église d'Angleterre</a> : c'est la religion dans laquelle il se marie, ses enfants sont baptisés et il est enterré<sup id="cite_ref-Rowse1988240_220-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rowse1988240-220"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>220<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cependant, ses croyances intimes sont sources de débats et certains chercheurs affirment que des membres de sa famille sont catholiques, une foi alors interdite en Angleterre<sup id="cite_ref-Pritchard19793_221-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pritchard19793-221"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>221<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De fait, sa mère, Mary Arden, est issue d'une famille catholique dévote. Une déclaration de foi catholique signée par son père John a été découverte en 1757 dans le plafond de son ancienne maison de Henley Street, mais ce document est aujourd'hui perdu et son authenticité fait débat<sup id="cite_ref-Wood200375-78_222-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wood200375-78-222"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>222<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd200622-23_223-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd200622-23-223"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>223<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. John Shakespeare est rapporté avoir manqué la messe en 1591, et la fille du dramaturge, Susanna, figure dans une liste de fidèles de Stratford n'ayant pas reçu l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eucharistie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eucharistie">Eucharistie</a> à Pâques en 1606<sup id="cite_ref-Wood200378_224-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wood200378-224"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>224<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ackroyd2006416_225-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ackroyd2006416-225"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>225<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum198741-42,_286_226-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum198741-42,_286-226"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>226<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En ce qui concerne Shakespeare lui-même, il ne subsiste aucune indication permettant d'établir sa foi intime. Diverses lectures de ses pièces y ont vu des preuves de son catholicisme, de son protestantisme ou de son absence de foi, sans jamais trouver d'indice concluant<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson200434_227-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wilson200434-227"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>227<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shapiro2005167_228-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Shapiro2005167-228"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>228<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sexualité"><span id="Sexualit.C3.A9"></span>Sexualité</h3> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexualit%C3%A9_de_William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sexualité de William Shakespeare">Sexualité de William Shakespeare</a>. </div> </div> <p>L'orientation sexuelle de Shakespeare est un sujet débattu. Il s'est marié avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(femme_de_William_Shakespeare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anne Hathaway (femme de William Shakespeare)">Anne Hathaway</a> et ils ont eu trois enfants. Après sa mort, certains lecteurs, considérant les sonnets de Shakespeare comme autobiographiques, y ont vu la preuve de son amour pour un jeune homme, et donc d'une possible <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bisexualit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bisexualité">bisexualité</a>. D'autres n'y voient cependant que l'expression d'une amitié intense<sup id="cite_ref-Casey1998_229-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Casey1998-229"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>229<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pequigney1985_230-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pequigney1985-230"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>230<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans1996132_231-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Evans1996132-231"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>231<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Portraits">Portraits</h3> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portraits_de_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portraits de Shakespeare">Portraits de Shakespeare</a>. </div> </div> <p>L'apparence physique de Shakespeare n'est décrite dans aucune source d'époque, et rien ne permet d'affirmer qu'il ait fait faire son portrait. Les deux seules représentations du dramaturge susceptibles de donner une idée de son apparence sont le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portrait_Droeshout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portrait Droeshout">portrait Droeshout</a>, paru en frontispice du Premier Folio, dont Ben Jonson affirme qu'il représente bien son modèle<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper200648,_57_232-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cooper200648,_57-232"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>232<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monument_fun%C3%A9raire_de_Shakespeare&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monument funéraire de Shakespeare (page inexistante)">monument funéraire</a> à Stratford. À partir du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, la grande popularité de Shakespeare s'est traduite par une recherche de portraits du dramaturge, allant de l'identification erronée de portraits d'autres individus à la production de faux portraits<sup id="cite_ref-Schoenbaum1981190_233-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schoenbaum1981190-233"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>233<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare?oldid%3D937387114">William Shakespeare</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare?action%3Dhistory">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198714-22-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198714-22_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 14-22. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198724-26,_296-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198724-26,_296_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 24-26, 296. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan199815-16-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan199815-16_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 15-16. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198724-26-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198724-26_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 24-26. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198762-63-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198762-63_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 62-63. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd200653-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd200653_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 53. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xv-xvi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xv-xvi_7-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xv-xvi. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Baldwin1944464-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baldwin1944464_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baldwin1944">Baldwin 1944</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 464. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Baldwin1944179-180,_183-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baldwin1944179-180,_183_9-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baldwin1944">Baldwin 1944</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 179-180, 183. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cressy197528-29-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cressy197528-29_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cressy1975">Cressy 1975</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 28-29. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Baldwin1944117-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Baldwin1944117_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baldwin1944">Baldwin 1944</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 117. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198777–79-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198777%E2%80%9379_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 77–79. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wood200384-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wood200384_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wood2003">Wood 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 84. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198793-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198793_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 93. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198794-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198794_15-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 94. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987224-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987224_16-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 224. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bate2008314-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bate2008314_17-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bate2008">Bate 2008</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 314. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198795-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198795_18-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 95. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198797-108-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198797-108_19-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 97-108. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987144-145-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987144-145_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 144-145. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987110-111-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987110-111_21-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 110-111. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honigmann19991-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honigmann19991_22-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honigmann1999">Honigmann 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xvii-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xvii_23-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xvii. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honigmann199995-117-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honigmann199995-117_24-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honigmann1999">Honigmann 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 95-117. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wood200397-109-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wood200397-109_25-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wood2003">Wood 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 97-109. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006176-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006176_26-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 176. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Greenblatt2005213-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Greenblatt2005213_27-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Greenblatt2005">Greenblatt 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 213. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987151-153-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987151-153_28-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 151-153. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wells200628-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wells200628_29-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wells200628_29-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wells2006">Wells 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 28. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987144-146-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987144-146_30-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 144-146. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers1930a59-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chambers1930a59_31-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chambers1930a">Chambers 1930a</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 59. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987184-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987184_32-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 184. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers1923208-209-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chambers1923208-209_33-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chambers1923">Chambers 1923</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 208-209. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers1930b67-71-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chambers1930b67-71_34-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chambers1930b">Chambers 1930b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 67-71. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bentley196136-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bentley196136_35-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bentley1961">Bentley 1961</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 36. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987188-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987188_36-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 188. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kastan199937-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kastan199937_37-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kastan1999">Kastan 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 37. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Knutson200117-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Knutson200117_38-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Knutson2001">Knutson 2001</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 17. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Holland2013-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Holland2013_39-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Holland2013_39-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Holland2013_39-2">c</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Holland2013_39-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Holland2013">Holland 2013</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987200-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987200_40-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 200. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987200-201-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987200-201_41-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 200-201. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006357-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006357_42-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 357. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxii-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxii_43-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxii_43-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xxii. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987202-203-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987202-203_44-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 202-203. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998121-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998121_45-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 121. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro2005122-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro2005122_46-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2005">Shapiro 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 122. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998325-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998325_47-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 325. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Greenblatt2005405-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Greenblatt2005405_48-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Greenblatt2005">Greenblatt 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 405. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006476-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006476_49-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006476_49-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 476. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998382-383-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998382-383_50-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 382-383. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Smith1964558-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Smith1964558_51-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Smith1964">Smith 1964</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 558. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006477-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006477_52-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 477. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barroll1991179-182-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barroll1991179-182_53-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Barroll1991">Barroll 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 179-182. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bate2008354-355-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bate2008354-355_54-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bate2008">Bate 2008</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 354-355. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998326-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998326_55-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 326. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006462-464-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006462-464_56-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 462-464. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987272-274-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987272-274_57-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 272-274. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998387-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998387_58-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 387. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987279-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987279_59-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 279. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998375-378-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998375-378_60-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 375-378. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987276-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987276_61-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 276. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum199178-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum199178_62-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1991">Schoenbaum 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 78. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rowse1963453-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rowse1963453_63-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rowse1963">Rowse 1963</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 453. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.un.org/en/observances/book-and-copyright-day"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Book and copyright day</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Nations Unies</span></span> : <span class="citation">« <span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>23 April is a symbolic date for world literature. It is on this date in 1616 that Cervantes, Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega all died[...]</i></span> »</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="univhuston">Richard Armstrong, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Time out of joint</cite> », <i>The engine of our Ingenuity</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2368,‎ 2008-2017 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2368.htm">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Time+out+of+joint&rft.jtitle=The+engine+of+our+Ingenuity&rft.issue=2368&rft.au=Richard+Armstrong&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uh.edu%2Fengines%2Fepi2368.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987287,_292-294-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987287,_292-294_66-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 287, 292-294. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987304-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987304_67-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 304. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998395-396-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998395-396_68-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 395-396. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers1930b8,_11,_104-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chambers1930b8,_11,_104_69-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chambers1930b">Chambers 1930b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 8, 11, 104. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987296-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987296_70-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 296. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers1930b7,_9,_13-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chambers1930b7,_9,_13_71-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chambers1930b">Chambers 1930b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 7, 9, 13. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987289,_318-319-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987289,_318-319_72-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 289, 318-319. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987306-307-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987306-307_73-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 306-307. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xviii-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xviii_74-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xviii. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987308-310-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987308-310_75-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 308-310. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Frye20059-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frye20059_76-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frye20059_76-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frye2005">Frye 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 9. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998166-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998166_77-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 166. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987159-161-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987159-161_78-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 159-161. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-DuttonHoward2003147-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DuttonHoward2003147_79-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#DuttonHoward2003">Dutton et Howard 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 147. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ribner2005154-155-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ribner2005154-155_80-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ribner2005">Ribner 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 154-155. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Frye2005105-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frye2005105_81-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frye2005">Frye 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 105. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ribner200567-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ribner200567_82-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ribner2005">Ribner 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 67. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bednarz2004100-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bednarz2004100_83-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bednarz2004">Bednarz 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 100. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998136-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998136_84-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 136. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987166-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987166_85-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 166. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Friedman2006159-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Friedman2006159_86-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Friedman2006">Friedman 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 159. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006235-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006235_87-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 235. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wood2003161-162-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wood2003161-162_88-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wood2003">Wood 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 161-162. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wood2003205-206-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wood2003205-206_89-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wood2003">Wood 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 205-206. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998258-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998258_90-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 258. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006359-383-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006359-383_91-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 359-383. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro2005150-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro2005150_92-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2005">Shapiro 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 150. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbons19931-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gibbons19931_93-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gibbons1993">Gibbons 1993</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006356-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006356_94-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 356. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wood2003161-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wood2003161_95-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wood2003">Wood 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 161. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998206-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998206_96-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 206. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006353,_358-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006353,_358_97-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 353, 358. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro2005151-153-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro2005151-153_98-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2005">Shapiro 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 151-153. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bradley199185-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bradley199185_99-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bradley1991">Bradley 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 85. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Muir200512-16-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Muir200512-16_100-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Muir2005">Muir 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 12-16. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bradley199140,_48-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bradley199140,_48_101-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bradley1991">Bradley 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 40, 48. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bradley199194-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bradley199194_102-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bradley1991">Bradley 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 94. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bradley199142,_169,_195-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bradley199142,_169,_195_103-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bradley1991">Bradley 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 42, 169, 195. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Greenblatt2005304-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Greenblatt2005304_104-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Greenblatt2005">Greenblatt 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 304. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bradley1991226-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bradley1991226_105-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bradley1991">Bradley 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 226. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006423-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006423_106-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 423. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kermode2004141-142-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kermode2004141-142_107-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kermode2004">Kermode 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 141-142. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald200643-46-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McDonald200643-46_108-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#McDonald2006">McDonald 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 43-46. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bradley1991306-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bradley1991306_109-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bradley1991">Bradley 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 306. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006444-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006444_110-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 444. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald200669-70-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McDonald200669-70_111-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#McDonald2006">McDonald 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 69-70. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Eliot193459-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Eliot193459_112-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eliot1934">Eliot 1934</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 59. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dowden188157-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dowden188157_113-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dowden1881">Dowden 1881</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 57. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dowden188160-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dowden188160_114-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dowden1881">Dowden 1881</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 60. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Frye2005123-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frye2005123_115-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frye2005">Frye 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 123. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald200615-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McDonald200615_116-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#McDonald2006">McDonald 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 15. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery20051247,_1279-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery20051247,_1279_117-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1247, 1279. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xx-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xx_118-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xx. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxi-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxi_119-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xxi. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro200516-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro200516_120-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2005">Shapiro 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 16. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Foakes19906-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Foakes19906_121-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Foakes19906_121-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Foakes1990">Foakes 1990</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 6. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro2005125-131-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro2005125-131_122-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2005">Shapiro 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 125-131. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Nagler19587-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nagler19587_123-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nagler1958">Nagler 1958</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 7. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro2005131-132-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro2005131-132_124-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2005">Shapiro 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 131-132. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Foakes199033-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Foakes199033_125-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Foakes1990">Foakes 1990</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 33. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006454-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006454_126-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 454. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Holland2000xli-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Holland2000xli_127-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Holland2000">Holland 2000</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xli. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery20051247-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery20051247_128-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1247. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ringler1997127-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ringler1997127_129-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ringler1997">Ringler 1997</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 127. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987210-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987210_130-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 210. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers1930a341-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chambers1930a341_131-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chambers1930a">Chambers 1930a</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 341. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro2005247–249-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro2005247%E2%80%93249_132-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2005">Shapiro 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 247–249. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.memo.fr/article.asp?ID%3DTHE_ART_063">Le site de l'Histoire</a> sur le théâtre à la fin du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XIXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Gordon Craig et le renouvellement du théâtre</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale">Bibliothèque nationale</a>, 1962</span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxvii-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxvii_135-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xxxvii. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv_136-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv_136-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xxxiv. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pollard1909xi-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pollard1909xi_137-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pollard1909xi_137-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pollard1909">Pollard 1909</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xi. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Maguire199628-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Maguire199628_138-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maguire1996">Maguire 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 28. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bowers19558-10-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bowers19558-10_139-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bowers1955">Bowers 1955</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 8-10. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv-xxxv-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005xxxiv-xxxv_140-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> xxxiv-xxxv. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005909,_1153-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005909,_1153_141-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005">Wells <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (« et d’autres »)" lang="la">et al.</abbr></i> 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 909, 1153. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Boyce199691,_193,_513-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Boyce199691,_193,_513_142-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Boyce1996">Boyce 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 91, 193, 513. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kathman2003629-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kathman2003629_143-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kathman2003">Kathman 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 629. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Boyce199691-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Boyce199691_144-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Boyce1996">Boyce 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 91. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Edwards19581-10-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Edwards19581-10_145-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Edwards1958">Edwards 1958</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1-10. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-SnyderCurren-Aquino2007-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SnyderCurren-Aquino2007_146-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#SnyderCurren-Aquino2007">Snyder et Curren-Aquino 2007</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schanzer19631-10-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schanzer19631-10_147-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schanzer1963">Schanzer 1963</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1-10. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Boas1896345-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Boas1896345_148-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Boas1896">Boas 1896</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 345. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schanzer19631-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schanzer19631_149-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schanzer1963">Schanzer 1963</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom1999325-380-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bloom1999325-380_150-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bloom1999">Bloom 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 325-380. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Berry200537-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Berry200537_151-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Berry2005">Berry 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 37. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wood2003177-178-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wood2003177-178_152-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wood2003">Wood 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 177-178. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987180-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987180_153-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987180_153-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 180. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998180,_289-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998180,_289_154-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 180, 289. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Roe20061-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Roe20061_155-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Roe20061_155-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roe2006">Roe 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987327-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987327_156-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 327. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998180-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998180_157-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 180. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1987268-269-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1987268-269_158-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 268-269. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Roe200621-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Roe200621_159-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roe2006">Roe 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 21. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Frye2005288-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frye2005288_160-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frye2005">Frye 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 288. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Roe20063,_21-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Roe20063,_21_161-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roe2006">Roe 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 3, 21. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson2004267-294-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jackson2004267-294_162-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jackson2004">Jackson 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 267-294. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Honan1998289-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Honan1998289_163-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Honan1998">Honan 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 289. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Schoenbaum1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Samuel_Schoenbaum1991"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Schoenbaum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Schoenbaum">Samuel Schoenbaum</a>, , 1991 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-818618-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-818618-5"><span class="nowrap">0-19-818618-5</span></a>)</small>., <cite class="italique">Shakespeare's Lives</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <time>1991</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-818618-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-818618-5"><span class="nowrap">0-19-818618-5</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">145-154</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Lives&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.aulast=Schoenbaum&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1991&rft.pages=145-154&rft.isbn=0-19-818618-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Baines2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Baines2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Paul Baines, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2004</time><span class="lang-en" lang="en">, « Ireland, William Henry (1775–1835) »</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Ireland%2C+William+Henry+%281775%E2%80%931835%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Baines&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Clemen2005a150-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Clemen2005a150_166-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clemen2005a">Clemen 2005a</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 150. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Frye2005105,_177-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frye2005105,_177_167-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frye2005">Frye 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 105, 177. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Clemen2005b29-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Clemen2005b29_168-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clemen2005b">Clemen 2005b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 29. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Brooke200469-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brooke200469_169-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brooke2004">Brooke 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 69. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bradbrook2004195-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bradbrook2004195_170-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bradbrook2004">Bradbrook 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 195. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Clemen2005b63-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Clemen2005b63_171-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clemen2005b">Clemen 2005b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 63. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Frye2005185-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Frye2005185_172-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Frye2005">Frye 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 185. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wright2004868-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wright2004868_173-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wright2004">Wright 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 868. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bradley199191-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bradley199191_174-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bradley1991">Bradley 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 91. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald200642-46-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McDonald200642-46_175-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McDonald200642-46_175-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#McDonald2006">McDonald 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 42-46. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald200636,_39,_75-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McDonald200636,_39,_75_176-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#McDonald2006">McDonald 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 36, 39, 75. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbons19934-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gibbons19934_177-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gibbons1993">Gibbons 1993</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 4. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbons19931-4-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gibbons19931-4_178-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gibbons1993">Gibbons 1993</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1-4. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbons19931–7,_15-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gibbons19931%E2%80%937,_15_179-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gibbons1993">Gibbons 1993</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1–7, 15. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald200613-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McDonald200613_180-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#McDonald2006">McDonald 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 13. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Meagher2003358-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Meagher2003358_181-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Meagher2003">Meagher 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 358. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chambers194435-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chambers194435_182-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chambers1944">Chambers 1944</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 35. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Levenson200049-50-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Levenson200049-50_183-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Levenson2000">Levenson 2000</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 49-50. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Clemen1987179-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Clemen1987179_184-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clemen1987">Clemen 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 179. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Steiner1996145-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Steiner1996145_185-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Steiner1996">Steiner 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 145. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bryant199882-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bryant199882_186-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bryant1998">Bryant 1998</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 82. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gross2003641-642-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gross2003641-642_187-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gross2003">Gross 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 641-642. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Paraisz2006130-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Paraisz2006130_188-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Paraisz2006">Paraisz 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 130. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom1995346-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bloom1995346_189-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bloom1995">Bloom 1995</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 346. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Crystal200155-65,_74-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Crystal200155-65,_74_190-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crystal2001">Crystal 2001</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 55-65, 74. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wain1975194-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wain1975194_191-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wain1975">Wain 1975</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 194. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Crystal200163-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Crystal200163_192-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crystal2001">Crystal 2001</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 63. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-193">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2016">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dw.com/en/how-shakespeare-was-turned-into-a-german/a-19208040"><cite style="font-style:normal;">How Shakespeare was turned into a German</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">DW.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-04-22" data-sort-value="2016-04-22">22 avril 2016</time></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2016">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thelocal.de/20160422/unser-shakespeare-why-germans-are-so-obsessed-with-the-british-bard-shakespeare"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Unser Shakespeare: Germans' mad obsession with the Bard</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">The Local</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-04-22" data-sort-value="2016-04-22">22 avril 2016</time></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Martin Kanes, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_P%C3%A8re_Goriot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Père Goriot">Père Goriot</a></i>: <i>Anatomy of a Troubled World</i>. Twayne Publishers, New York, 1993, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 13 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0805783636?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0805783636"><span class="nowrap">0805783636</span></a>)</small></span></li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-196">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Unesco"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Unesco, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unesco.org/xtrans/bsstatexp.aspx?crit1L%3D5%26nTyp%3Dmin%26topN%3D50"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Top 50 Authors of All Time</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-07-29" data-sort-value="2014-07-29">29 juillet 2014</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-197">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Young_(éd.)1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mark_Young_(éd.)1999"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mark Young (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Guinness Book of Records : 1999</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantam_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a>, <time>1999</time>, 656 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-553-58075-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-553-58075-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-553-58075-4</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 358<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Records&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.stitle=1999&rft.au=Mark+Young+%28%C3%A9d.%29&rft.date=1999&rft.pages=358&rft.tpages=656&rft.isbn=978-0-553-58075-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-198">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Susan Willis, <i>The BBC Shakespeare Plays: Making the Televised Canon</i>, (Chapel Hill & London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 10-11.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dominik19889-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dominik19889_199-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dominik1988">Dominik 1988</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 9. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001b267-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001b267_200-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001b">Grady 2001b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 267. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001b269-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001b269_201-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001b">Grady 2001b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 269. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001b270-272-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001b270-272_202-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001b">Grady 2001b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 270-272. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Levin1986217-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Levin1986217_203-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Levin1986">Levin 1986</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 217. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-McIntyre1999412-432-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-McIntyre1999412-432_204-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#McIntyre1999">McIntyre 1999</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 412-432. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001b270-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001b270_205-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001b">Grady 2001b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 270. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001b272-274-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001b272-274_206-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001b">Grady 2001b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 272-274. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sawyer2003113-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sawyer2003113_207-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sawyer2003">Sawyer 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 113. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Levin1986223-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Levin1986223_208-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Levin1986">Levin 1986</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 223. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoch200258-59-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoch200258-59_209-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoch2002">Schoch 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 58-59. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001b276-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001b276_210-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001b">Grady 2001b</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 276. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001a22-26-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001a22-26_211-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001a">Grady 2001a</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 22-26. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001a24-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001a24_212-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001a">Grady 2001a</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 24. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grady2001a29-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grady2001a29_213-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grady2001a">Grady 2001a</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 29. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Drakakis198516-17,_23-25-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Drakakis198516-17,_23-25_214-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Drakakis1985">Drakakis 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 16-17, 23-25. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro201077-78-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro201077-78_215-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2010">Shapiro 2010</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 77-78. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gibson200548,_72,_124-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gibson200548,_72,_124_216-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gibson2005">Gibson 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 48, 72, 124. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kathman2003620,_625-626-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kathman2003620,_625-626_217-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kathman2003">Kathman 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 620, 625-626. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Love2002194-209-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Love2002194-209_218-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Love2002">Love 2002</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 194-209. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1991430-440-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1991430-440_219-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1991">Schoenbaum 1991</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 430-440. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rowse1988240-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rowse1988240_220-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rowse1988">Rowse 1988</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 240. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pritchard19793-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pritchard19793_221-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pritchard1979">Pritchard 1979</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 3. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wood200375-78-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wood200375-78_222-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wood2003">Wood 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 75-78. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd200622-23-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd200622-23_223-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 22-23. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wood200378-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wood200378_224-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wood2003">Wood 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 78. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd2006416-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ackroyd2006416_225-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ackroyd2006">Ackroyd 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 416. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum198741-42,_286-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum198741-42,_286_226-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1987">Schoenbaum 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 41-42, 286. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson200434-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wilson200434_227-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wilson2004">Wilson 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 34. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Shapiro2005167-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Shapiro2005167_228-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shapiro2005">Shapiro 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 167. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Casey1998-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Casey1998_229-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Casey1998">Casey 1998</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pequigney1985-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pequigney1985_230-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pequigney1985">Pequigney 1985</a>. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Evans1996132-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Evans1996132_231-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Evans1996">Evans 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 132. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper200648,_57-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cooper200648,_57_232-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cooper2006">Cooper 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 48, 57. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schoenbaum1981190-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schoenbaum1981190_233-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schoenbaum1981">Schoenbaum 1981</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 190. </span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Pour_en_savoir_plus">Pour en savoir plus</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Ackroyd2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_Ackroyd2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare : The Biography</cite>, Londres, Vintage, <time>2006</time>, 546 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7493-8655-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7493-8655-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7493-8655-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.stitle=The+Biography&rft.aulast=Ackroyd&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=546&rft.isbn=978-0-7493-8655-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>. <div style="margin-left:2em; line-height:1.5;"> Traduction française : <span class="ouvrage" id="2008"><cite class="italique">Shakespeare. La biographie</cite>, Points, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2757805565?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2757805565"><span class="nowrap">978-2757805565</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare.+La+biographie&rft.pub=Points&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-2757805565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span>. </div></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Quincy_Adams1923"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_Quincy_Adams1923"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Joseph Quincy Adams, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A Life of William Shakespeare</cite>, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, <time>1923</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1935264">1935264</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Life+of+William+Shakespeare&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.au=Joseph+Quincy+Adams&rft.date=1923&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1935264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Baldwin1944"><span class="ouvrage" id="T._W._Baldwin1944"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> T. W. Baldwin, <cite class="italique" lang="en">William Shakspere's Small Latine & Lesse Greek</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Urbana, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>, <time>1944</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/359037">359037</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Shakspere%27s+Small+Latine+%26+Lesse+Greek&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=T.+W.&rft.date=1944&rft.volume=1&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F359037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Barroll1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Leeds_Barroll1991"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Leeds Barroll, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Politics, Plague, and Shakespeare's Theater : The Stuart Years</cite>, Ithaca, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornell_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, <time>1991</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8014-2479-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8014-2479-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8014-2479-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics%2C+Plague%2C+and+Shakespeare%27s+Theater&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.stitle=The+Stuart+Years&rft.aulast=Barroll&rft.aufirst=Leeds&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-2479-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bate2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jonathan_Bate2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jonathan_Bate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jonathan Bate">Jonathan Bate</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Soul of the Age</cite>, Londres, Penguin, <time>2008</time>, 500 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-670-91482-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-670-91482-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-670-91482-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soul+of+the+Age&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.aulast=Bate&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=500&rft.isbn=978-0-670-91482-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bednarz2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_P._Bednarz2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> James P. Bednarz, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Marlowe and the English literary scene »</cite>, dans Patrick Gerard Cheney (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge Companion to Christopher Marlowe</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-511-99905-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-511-99905-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-511-99905-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Christopher+Marlowe&rft.atitle=Marlowe+and+the+English+literary+scene&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Bednarz&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-511-99905-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bentley1961"><span class="ouvrage" id="G._E._Bentley1961"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> G. E. Bentley, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare : A Biographical Handbook</cite>, New Haven, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, <time>1961</time>, 256 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-25042-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-25042-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-313-25042-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.stitle=A+Biographical+Handbook&rft.aulast=Bentley&rft.aufirst=G.+E.&rft.date=1961&rft.tpages=256&rft.isbn=978-0-313-25042-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Berry2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ralph_Berry2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ralph Berry, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Changing Styles in Shakespeare</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2005</time>, 123 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35316-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35316-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35316-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DRy3K2iIr_FoC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+Styles+in+Shakespeare&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=123&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35316-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bloom1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Harold_Bloom1995"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harold_Bloom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Western Canon : The Books and School of the Ages</cite>, New York, Riverhead Books, <time>1995</time>, 546 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57322-514-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57322-514-4"><span class="nowrap">978-1-57322-514-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Western+Canon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Riverhead+Books&rft.stitle=The+Books+and+School+of+the+Ages&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1995&rft.tpages=546&rft.isbn=978-1-57322-514-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bloom1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Harold_Bloom1999"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Harold Bloom, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare : The Invention of the Human</cite>, New York, Riverhead Books, <time>1999</time>, 745 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57322-751-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57322-751-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-57322-751-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Riverhead+Books&rft.stitle=The+Invention+of+the+Human&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=745&rft.isbn=978-1-57322-751-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Boas1896"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frederick_S._Boas1896"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Frederick S. Boas, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare and His Predecessors</cite>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Scribner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Scribner">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>, <time>1896</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+and+His+Predecessors&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.aulast=Boas&rft.aufirst=Frederick+S.&rft.date=1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bowers1955"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fredson_Bowers1955"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Fredson Bowers, <cite class="italique" lang="en">On Editing Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Dramatists</cite>, Philadelphie, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>, <time>1955</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/2993883">2993883</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Editing+Shakespeare+and+the+Elizabethan+Dramatists&rft.place=Philadelphie&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.aulast=Bowers&rft.aufirst=Fredson&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2993883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Boyce1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles_Boyce1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Charles Boyce, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Dictionary of Shakespeare</cite>, Ware, Wordsworth, <time>1996</time>, 742 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85326-372-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85326-372-9"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85326-372-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Shakespeare&rft.place=Ware&rft.pub=Wordsworth&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=742&rft.isbn=978-1-85326-372-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Clara_Bradbrook2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Muriel_Clara_Bradbrook2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Muriel Clara Bradbrook, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Shakespeare's Recollection of Marlowe »</cite>, dans Philip Edwards, Inga-Stina Ewbank et G. K. Hunter (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Styles : Essays in Honour of Kenneth Muir</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-61694-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-61694-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-61694-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Styles&rft.atitle=Shakespeare%27s+Recollection+of+Marlowe&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=Essays+in+Honour+of+Kenneth+Muir&rft.au=Muriel+Clara+Bradbrook&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-61694-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bradley1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._C._Bradley1991"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A._C._Bradley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A. C. Bradley">A. C. Bradley</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespearean Tragedy : Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth</cite>, Londres, Penguin, <time>1991</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1904), 474 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-14-053019-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-14-053019-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-14-053019-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespearean+Tragedy&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.stitle=Lectures+on+Hamlet%2C+Othello%2C+King+Lear+and+Macbeth&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=A.+C.&rft.date=1991&rft.tpages=474&rft.isbn=978-0-14-053019-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Brooke2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicholas_Brooke2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nicholas Brooke, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Language and Speaker in <i>Macbeth</i> »</cite>, dans Philip Edwards, Inga-Stina Ewbank et G. K. Hunter (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Styles : Essays in Honour of Kenneth Muir</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-61694-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-61694-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-61694-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Styles&rft.atitle=Language+and+Speaker+in+%27%27Macbeth%27%27&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=Essays+in+Honour+of+Kenneth+Muir&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-61694-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bryant1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Bryant1998"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John Bryant, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« <i>Moby-Dick</i> as Revolution »</cite>, dans Robert Steven Levine (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <time>1998</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-139-00037-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-139-00037-6"><span class="nowrap">978-1-139-00037-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Herman+Melville&rft.atitle=%27%27Moby-Dick%27%27+as+Revolution&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-139-00037-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Casey1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles_Casey1998"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Charles Casey, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Was Shakespeare Gay? Sonnet 20 and the politics of pedagogy</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">College Literature</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 25, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time>1998</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jstor.org/stable/25112402">25112402</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Was+Shakespeare+Gay%3F+Sonnet+20+and+the+politics+of+pedagogy&rft.jtitle=College+Literature&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Chambers1923"><span class="ouvrage" id="E._K._Chambers1923"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmund_Kerchever_Chambers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edmund Kerchever Chambers">E. K. Chambers</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Elizabethan Stage</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <time>1923</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/336379">336379</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elizabethan+Stage&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=E.+K.&rft.date=1923&rft.volume=2&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F336379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Chambers1930a"><span class="ouvrage" id="E._K._Chambers1930a"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> E. K. Chambers, <cite class="italique" lang="en">William Shakespeare : A Study of Facts and Problems</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, 1930a <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/353406">353406</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Shakespeare&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.stitle=A+Study+of+Facts+and+Problems&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=E.+K.&rft.date=1930&rft.volume=1&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F353406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Chambers1930b"><span class="ouvrage" id="E._K._Chambers1930b"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> E. K. Chambers, <cite class="italique" lang="en">William Shakespeare : A Study of Facts and Problems</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, 1930b <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/353406">353406</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Shakespeare&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.stitle=A+Study+of+Facts+and+Problems&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=E.+K.&rft.date=1930&rft.volume=2&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F353406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Chambers1944"><span class="ouvrage" id="E._K._Chambers1944"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> E. K. Chambers, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespearean Gleanings</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>1944</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8492-0506-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8492-0506-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8492-0506-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespearean+Gleanings&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=E.+K.&rft.date=1944&rft.isbn=978-0-8492-0506-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Clemen1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wolfgang_Clemen1987"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Wolfgang Clemen, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Soliloquies</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>1987</time>, 211 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35277-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35277-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35277-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DB6EJWEHWiRwC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Soliloquies&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Clemen&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.date=1987&rft.tpages=211&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35277-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Clemen2005a"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wolfgang_Clemen2005a"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Wolfgang Clemen, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Dramatic Art : Collected Essays</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2005a, 236 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35278-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35278-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35278-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dr1r5zeQKZ8AC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Dramatic+Art&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=Collected+Essays&rft.aulast=Clemen&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=236&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35278-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Clemen2005b"><span class="ouvrage" id="Wolfgang_Clemen2005b"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Wolfgang Clemen, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Imagery</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2005b, 237 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35280-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35280-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35280-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Imagery&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Clemen&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=237&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35280-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Cooper2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tarnya_Cooper2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Tarnya Cooper, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Searching for Shakespeare</cite>, New Haven, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, <time>2006</time>, 239 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-300-11611-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-300-11611-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-300-11611-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D5AXwFsTm1Z8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Searching+for+Shakespeare&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tarnya&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=239&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11611-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Cressy1975"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_Cressy1975"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David Cressy, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Education in Tudor and Stuart England</cite>, New York, St Martin's Press, <time>1975</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7131-5817-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7131-5817-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7131-5817-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+in+Tudor+and+Stuart+England&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Press&rft.aulast=Cressy&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-7131-5817-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Crystal2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_Crystal2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David Crystal, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2001</time>, 500 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-40179-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-40179-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-40179-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Encyclopedia+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=500&rft.isbn=978-0-521-40179-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Dominik1988"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mark_Dominik1988"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mark Dominik, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare–Middleton Collaborations</cite>, Beaverton, Alioth Press, <time>1988</time>, 173 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-945088-01-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-945088-01-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-945088-01-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DRmgbIp792UAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%E2%80%93Middleton+Collaborations&rft.place=Beaverton&rft.pub=Alioth+Press&rft.aulast=Dominik&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1988&rft.tpages=173&rft.isbn=978-0-945088-01-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Dowden1881"><span class="ouvrage" id="Edward_Dowden1881"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Edward Dowden, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare</cite>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D._Appleton_%26_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D. Appleton & Company">D. Appleton & Company</a>, <time>1881</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/8164385">8164385</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+%26+Company&rft.aulast=Dowden&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=1881&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8164385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Drakakis1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Drakakis1985"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John Drakakis, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Alternative Shakespeares</cite>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Methuen_(maison_d%27%C3%A9dition)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Methuen (maison d'édition)">Methuen</a>, <time>1985</time>, 294 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-416-36860-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-416-36860-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-416-36860-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alternative+Shakespeares&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.aulast=Drakakis&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1985&rft.tpages=294&rft.isbn=978-0-416-36860-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="DuttonHoward2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_DuttonJean_E._Howard2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard Dutton et Jean E. Howard, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A Companion to Shakespeare's Works : The Histories</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Oxford, Blackwell, <time>2003</time>, 496 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-631-22633-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-631-22633-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-631-22633-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Shakespeare%27s+Works&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.stitle=The+Histories&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Jean+E.+Howard&rft.date=2003&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=496&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22633-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Edwards1958"><span class="ouvrage" id="Phillip_Edwards1958"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Phillip Edwards, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Romances : 1900–1957</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 11, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>1958</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-139-05291-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-139-05291-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-139-05291-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Romances&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=1900%E2%80%931957&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.date=1958&rft.volume=11&rft.isbn=978-1-139-05291-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Eliot1934"><span class="ouvrage" id="T._S._Eliot1934"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T._S._Eliot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Elizabethan Essays</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faber_and_Faber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faber and Faber">Faber & Faber</a>, <time>1934</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-15-629051-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-15-629051-7"><span class="nowrap">978-0-15-629051-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabethan+Essays&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.aulast=Eliot&rft.aufirst=T.+S.&rft.date=1934&rft.isbn=978-0-15-629051-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Evans1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="G._Blakemore_Evans1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> G. Blakemore <span class="nom_auteur">Evans</span> (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Sonnets</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>1996</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-22225-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-22225-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-22225-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sonnets&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=G.+Blakemore&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22225-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Foakes1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._A._Foakes1990"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> R. A. Foakes, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Playhouses and players »</cite>, dans A. R. Braunmuller et Michael Hattaway (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge Companion to English Renaissance Drama</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <time>1990</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-38662-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-38662-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-38662-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+English+Renaissance+Drama&rft.atitle=Playhouses+and+players&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Foakes&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38662-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Friedman2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_D._Friedman2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michael D. Friedman, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« 'I'm not a feminist director but…' : Recent Feminist Productions of <i>The Taming of the Shrew</i> »</cite>, dans Paul Nelsen et June Schlueter (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Acts of Criticism : Performance Matters in Shakespeare and his Contemporaries</cite>, New Jersey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8386-4059-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8386-4059-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8386-4059-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Acts+of+Criticism&rft.atitle=%27I%27m+not+a+feminist+director+but%E2%80%A6%27&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.stitle=Performance+Matters+in+Shakespeare+and+his+Contemporaries&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-4059-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Frye2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roland_Frye2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Roland Frye, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Art of the Dramatist</cite>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2005</time>, 271 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35289-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35289-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35289-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsE_vuDVQwNkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Dramatist&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=271&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35289-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Gibbons1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Brian_Gibbons1993"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Brian Gibbons, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare and Multiplicity</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>1993</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-511-55310-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-511-55310-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-511-55310-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+and+Multiplicity&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-511-55310-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Gibson2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="H._N._Gibson2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> H. N. Gibson, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Shakespeare Claimants : A Critical Survey of the Four Principal Theories Concerning the Authorship of the Shakespearean Plays</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2005</time>, 320 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35290-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35290-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35290-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DW7HEMEsGiVUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shakespeare+Claimants&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=A+Critical+Survey+of+the+Four+Principal+Theories+Concerning+the+Authorship+of+the+Shakespearean+Plays&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=H.+N.&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=320&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35290-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Grady2001a"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hugh_Grady2001a"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Hugh Grady, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Modernity, Modernism and Postmodernism in the Twentieth Century's Shakespeare »</cite>, dans Michael Bristol et Kathleen McLuskie (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare and Modern Theatre : The Performance of Modernity</cite>, New York, Routledge, 2001a <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-21984-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-21984-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-21984-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+and+Modern+Theatre&rft.atitle=Modernity%2C+Modernism+and+Postmodernism+in+the+Twentieth+Century%27s+Shakespeare&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=The+Performance+of+Modernity&rft.aulast=Grady&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-21984-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Grady2001b"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hugh_Grady2001b"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Hugh Grady, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Shakespeare criticism, 1600–1900 »</cite>, dans Margreta de Grazia et Stanley Wells (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001b <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-139-00010-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-139-00010-9"><span class="nowrap">978-1-139-00010-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Shakespeare&rft.atitle=Shakespeare+criticism%2C+1600%E2%80%931900&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Grady&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-139-00010-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Greenblatt2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stephen_Greenblatt2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stephen_Greenblatt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stephen Greenblatt">Stephen Greenblatt</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Will in the World : How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare</cite>, Londres, Pimlico, <time>2005</time>, 430 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7126-0098-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7126-0098-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7126-0098-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Will+in+the+World&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.stitle=How+Shakespeare+Became+Shakespeare&rft.aulast=Greenblatt&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=430&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-0098-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>. <div style="margin-left:2em; line-height:1.5;"> Traduction française : <span class="ouvrage" id="2016"><cite class="italique">Will le magnifique</cite>, Flammarion, <time>2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2081375543?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2081375543"><span class="nowrap">978-2081375543</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Will+le+magnifique&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-2081375543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span>. </div></li> <li>Stephen Greenblatt : <i>Tyrans. Shakespeare raconte le <abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XXI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</i>, 2019, Éd. Saint Simon, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2374350158?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2374350158"><span class="nowrap">978-2374350158</span></a>)</small></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Gross2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Gross2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John Gross, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Shakespeare's Influence »</cite>, dans Stanley Wells et Lena Cowen Orlin (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare : An Oxford Guide</cite>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, <time>2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-924522-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-924522-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-924522-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.atitle=Shakespeare%27s+Influence&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=An+Oxford+Guide&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-924522-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Holland2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_Holland2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Peter Holland (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Cymbeline</cite>, Londres, Penguin, <time>2000</time>, 144 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-14-071472-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-14-071472-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-14-071472-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cymbeline&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=144&rft.isbn=978-0-14-071472-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Holland2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_Holland2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Peter <span class="nom_auteur">Holland</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Shakespeare, William (1564–1616) »</cite>, dans <cite class="italique" lang="en"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/25200">lire en ligne</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Inscription nécessaire pour accéder au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Inscription nécessaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Inscription nécessaire" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Shakespeare%2C+William+%281564%E2%80%931616%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Honan1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Park_Honan1998"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Park_Honan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Park Honan">Park Honan</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare : A Life</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <time>1998</time>, 479 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-811792-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-811792-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-811792-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DX2EJ5LS5HcsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.stitle=A+Life&rft.aulast=Honan&rft.aufirst=Park&rft.date=1998&rft.tpages=479&rft.isbn=978-0-19-811792-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Honigmann1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="E._A._J._Honigmann1999"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> E. A. J. <span class="nom_auteur">Honigmann</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare : The 'Lost Years'</cite>, Manchester, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>, <time>1999</time>, 172 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7190-5425-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7190-5425-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7190-5425-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrKMWPwtV7BoC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.stitle=The+%27Lost+Years%27&rft.aulast=Honigmann&rft.aufirst=E.+A.+J.&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=172&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5425-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Jackson2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="MacDonald_P._Jackson2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> MacDonald P. Jackson, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">A Lover's Complaint Revisited</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Shakespeare Studies</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 32,‎ <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0582-9399">0582-9399</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Lover%27s+Complaint+Revisited&rft.jtitle=Shakespeare+Studies&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MacDonald+P.&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=32&rft.issn=0582-9399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernest_Jones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernest Jones">Ernest Jones</a> : <i>Hamlet et Œdipe</i>, préface <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Starobinski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Starobinski">Jean Starobinski</a>, 1980, Éd. Gallimard-Tel, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2070206513?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2070206513"><span class="nowrap">978-2070206513</span></a>)</small></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kastan1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_Scott_Kastan1999"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David Scott <span class="nom_auteur">Kastan</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare After Theory</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>1999</time>, 264 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-90112-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-90112-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-90112-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+After+Theory&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Kastan&rft.aufirst=David+Scott&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=264&rft.isbn=978-0-415-90112-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kathman2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_Kathman2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David Kathman, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« The Question of Authorship »</cite>, dans Stanley Wells et Lena Cowen Orlin (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare : An Oxford Guide</cite>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, <time>2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-924522-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-924522-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-924522-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.atitle=The+Question+of+Authorship&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=An+Oxford+Guide&rft.aulast=Kathman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-924522-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kermode2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Frank_Kermode2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Frank Kermode, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Age of Shakespeare</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>, <time>2004</time>, 194 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-297-84881-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-297-84881-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-297-84881-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Shakespeare&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.aulast=Kermode&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=194&rft.isbn=978-0-297-84881-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Knutson2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roslyn_Knutson2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Roslyn Knutson, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Playing Companies and Commerce in Shakespeare's Time</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2001</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-511-48604-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-511-48604-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-511-48604-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playing+Companies+and+Commerce+in+Shakespeare%27s+Time&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Knutson&rft.aufirst=Roslyn&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-511-48604-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Levenson2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jill_L._Levenson2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jill L. Levenson (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Romeo and Juliet</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2000</time>, 450 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-281496-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-281496-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-281496-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romeo+and+Juliet&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Levenson&rft.aufirst=Jill+L.&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=450&rft.isbn=978-0-19-281496-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Levin1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="Harry_Levin1986"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Harry Levin, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Critical Approaches to Shakespeare from 1660 to 1904 »</cite>, dans Stanley Wells (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare Studies</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <time>1986</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-31841-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-31841-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-31841-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Shakespeare+Studies&rft.atitle=Critical+Approaches+to+Shakespeare+from+1660+to+1904&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-521-31841-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Love2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Harold_Love2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Harold Love, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Attributing Authorship : An Introduction</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-511-48316-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-511-48316-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-511-48316-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Attributing+Authorship&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=An+Introduction&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-511-48316-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Maguire1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laurie_E._Maguire1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Laurie E. Maguire, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespearean Suspect Texts : The 'Bad' Quartos and Their Contexts</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>1996</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-511-55313-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-511-55313-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-511-55313-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespearean+Suspect+Texts&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=The+%27Bad%27+Quartos+and+Their+Contexts&rft.aulast=Maguire&rft.aufirst=Laurie+E.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-511-55313-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="McDonald2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Russ_McDonald2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Russ McDonald, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Late Style</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-511-48378-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-511-48378-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-511-48378-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Late+Style&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-511-48378-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="McIntyre1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ian_McIntyre1999"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ian McIntyre, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Garrick</cite>, Harmondsworth, Allen Lane, <time>1999</time>, 678 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-14-028323-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-14-028323-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-14-028323-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Garrick&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=678&rft.isbn=978-0-14-028323-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Meagher2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_C._Meagher2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John C. Meagher, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Pursuing Shakespeare's Dramaturgy : Some Contexts, Resources, and Strategies in his Playmaking</cite>, New Jersey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, <time>2003</time>, 489 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8386-3993-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8386-3993-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8386-3993-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DXy0dMdIJ1MsC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pursuing+Shakespeare%27s+Dramaturgy&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.stitle=Some+Contexts%2C+Resources%2C+and+Strategies+in+his+Playmaking&rft.aulast=Meagher&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=489&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-3993-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_Mourth%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Mourthé">Claude Mourthé</a> : <i>Shakespeare</i>, 2006, éd. Folio, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2070336494?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2070336494"><span class="nowrap">978-2070336494</span></a>)</small></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Muir2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kenneth_Muir2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kenneth Muir, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Tragic Sequence</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2005</time>, 207 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35325-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35325-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35325-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_4R9yImqM1EC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Tragic+Sequence&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=207&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35325-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Nagler1958"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._M._Nagler1958"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> A. M. Nagler, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Stage</cite>, New Haven, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, <time>1958</time>, 117 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-300-02689-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-300-02689-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-300-02689-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Stage&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.aulast=Nagler&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft.date=1958&rft.tpages=117&rft.isbn=978-0-300-02689-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Paraisz2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Júlia_Paraisz2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Júlia Paraisz, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Author, the Editor and the Translator : William Shakespeare, Alexander Chalmers and Sándor Petofi or the Nature of a Romantic Edition</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-139-05271-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-139-05271-9"><span class="nowrap">978-1-139-05271-9</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 59<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Author%2C+the+Editor+and+the+Translator&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=William+Shakespeare%2C+Alexander+Chalmers+and+S%C3%A1ndor+Petofi+or+the+Nature+of+a+Romantic+Edition&rft.aulast=Paraisz&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BAlia&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-139-05271-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Pequigney1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_Pequigney1985"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Joseph Pequigney, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Such Is My Love : A Study of Shakespeare's Sonnets</cite>, Chicago, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>, <time>1985</time>, 249 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-226-65563-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-226-65563-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-226-65563-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Such+Is+My+Love&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.stitle=A+Study+of+Shakespeare%27s+Sonnets&rft.aulast=Pequigney&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1985&rft.tpages=249&rft.isbn=978-0-226-65563-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Pollard1909"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alfred_W._Pollard1909"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Alfred W. Pollard, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare Quartos and Folios : A Study in the Bibliography of Shakespeare's Plays, 1594–1685</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Methuen_(maison_d%27%C3%A9dition)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Methuen (maison d'édition)">Methuen</a>, <time>1909</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/46308204">46308204</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+Quartos+and+Folios&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.stitle=A+Study+in+the+Bibliography+of+Shakespeare%27s+Plays%2C+1594%E2%80%931685&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Alfred+W.&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46308204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Pritchard1979"><span class="ouvrage" id="Arnold_Pritchard1979"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Arnold Pritchard, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Catholic Loyalism in Elizabethan England</cite>, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, <time>1979</time>, 243 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8078-1345-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8078-1345-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8078-1345-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Loyalism+in+Elizabethan+England&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.date=1979&rft.tpages=243&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-1345-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Ribner2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Irving_Ribner2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Irving Ribner, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The English History Play in the Age of Shakespeare</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2005</time>, 356 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35314-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35314-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35314-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dl0LHz_Eki_IC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+History+Play+in+the+Age+of+Shakespeare&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Ribner&rft.aufirst=Irving&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=356&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35314-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Ringler1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_Ringler1997"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> William Ringler, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Shakespeare and His Actors: Some Remarks on King Lear »</cite>, dans James Ogden et Arthur Hawley Scouten (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Lear from Study to Stage : Essays in Criticism</cite>, New Jersey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, <time>1997</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8386-3690-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8386-3690-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8386-3690-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Lear+from+Study+to+Stage&rft.atitle=Shakespeare+and+His+Actors%3A+Some+Remarks+on+King+Lear&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.stitle=Essays+in+Criticism&rft.aulast=Ringler&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-3690-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Roe2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Roe2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John Roe (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Poems : Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece, The Phoenix and the Turtle, The Passionate Pilgrim, A Lover's Complaint</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2006</time>, 309 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-85551-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-85551-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-85551-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poems&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=Venus+and+Adonis%2C+The+Rape+of+Lucrece%2C+The+Phoenix+and+the+Turtle%2C+The+Passionate+Pilgrim%2C+A+Lover%27s+Complaint&rft.aulast=Roe&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=309&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85551-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Rowse1963"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._L._Rowse1963"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> A. L. Rowse, <cite class="italique" lang="en">William Shakespeare : A Biography</cite>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harper_%26_Row?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>, <time>1963</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Shakespeare&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.stitle=A+Biography&rft.aulast=Rowse&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft.date=1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Rowse1988"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._L._Rowse1988"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> A. L. Rowse, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare : The Man</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>, <time>1988</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-333-44354-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-333-44354-5"><span class="nowrap">978-0-333-44354-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.stitle=The+Man&rft.aulast=Rowse&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-333-44354-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Sawyer2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_Sawyer2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Robert Sawyer, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Victorian Appropriations of Shakespeare</cite>, New Jersey, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, <time>2003</time>, 172 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8386-3970-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8386-3970-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8386-3970-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DF82jtLKL0QwC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+Appropriations+of+Shakespeare&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=172&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-3970-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Schanzer1963"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ernest_Schanzer1963"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ernest Schanzer, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Problem Plays of Shakespeare</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Routledge">Routledge & Kegan Paul</a>, <time>1963</time>, 196 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-35305-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-35305-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-35305-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DFLdFZ1PEDEEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Problem+Plays+of+Shakespeare&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.aulast=Schanzer&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft.date=1963&rft.tpages=196&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35305-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Schoch2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_W._Schoch2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard W. Schoch, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Pictorial Shakespeare »</cite>, dans Stanley Wells et Sarah Stanton (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <time>2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-511-99957-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-511-99957-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-511-99957-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Shakespeare+on+Stage&rft.atitle=Pictorial+Shakespeare&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Schoch&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-511-99957-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Schoenbaum1981"><span class="ouvrage" id="Samuel_Schoenbaum1981"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Schoenbaum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Schoenbaum">Samuel Schoenbaum</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">William Shakespeare : Records and Images</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>1981</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-520234-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-520234-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-520234-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Shakespeare&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=Records+and+Images&rft.aulast=Schoenbaum&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-19-520234-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Schoenbaum1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="Samuel_Schoenbaum1987"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Samuel Schoenbaum, <cite class="italique" lang="en">William Shakespeare : A Compact Documentary Life</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>1987</time>, 384 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-505161-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-505161-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-505161-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D-6VS_J9lVlYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Shakespeare&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=A+Compact+Documentary+Life&rft.aulast=Schoenbaum&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1987&rft.tpages=384&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505161-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>. <div style="margin-left:2em; line-height:1.5;"> Traduction française : <span class="ouvrage" id="1998"><cite class="italique">William Shakespeare</cite>, Flammarion, <time>1998</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2082115650?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2082115650"><span class="nowrap">978-2082115650</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Shakespeare&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-2082115650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span>. </div></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Schoenbaum1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="Samuel_Schoenbaum1991"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Samuel Schoenbaum, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Lives</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>1991</time>, 612 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-818618-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-818618-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-818618-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D0zZc7VFGNtMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Lives&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Schoenbaum&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.date=1991&rft.tpages=612&rft.isbn=978-0-19-818618-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Shapiro2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_Shapiro2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> James Shapiro, <cite class="italique" lang="en">1599 : A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare</cite>, Londres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faber_and_Faber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faber and Faber">Faber & Faber</a>, <time>2005</time>, 429 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-571-21480-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-571-21480-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-571-21480-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1599&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.stitle=A+Year+in+the+Life+of+William+Shakespeare&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=429&rft.isbn=978-0-571-21480-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Shapiro2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="James_Shapiro2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> James Shapiro, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Contested Will : Who Wrote Shakespeare?</cite>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4165-4162-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4165-4162-2"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4165-4162-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Will&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.stitle=Who+Wrote+Shakespeare%3F&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-4162-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Smith1964"><span class="ouvrage" id="Irwin_Smith1964"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Irwin Smith, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare's Blackfriars Playhouse</cite>, New York, New York University Press, <time>1964</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Blackfriars+Playhouse&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Irwin&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="SnyderCurren-Aquino2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Susan_SnyderDeborah_Curren-Aquino2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Susan Snyder et Deborah Curren-Aquino (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Winter's Tale</cite>, Cambridge, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2007</time>, 279 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-22158-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-22158-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-22158-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dd8QgzK8B9bUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Winter%27s+Tale&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Deborah+Curren-Aquino&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=279&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22158-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Steiner1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="George_Steiner1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Steiner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Steiner">George Steiner</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Death of Tragedy</cite>, New Haven, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, <time>1996</time>, 368 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-300-06916-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-300-06916-7"><span class="nowrap">978-0-300-06916-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DZA3_bYqHOegC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+of+Tragedy&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=368&rft.isbn=978-0-300-06916-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wain1975"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Wain1975"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Wain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Wain">John Wain</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Samuel Johnson</cite>, New York, Viking, <time>1975</time>, 388 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-670-61671-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-670-61671-8"><span class="nowrap">978-0-670-61671-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samuel+Johnson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.aulast=Wain&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1975&rft.tpages=388&rft.isbn=978-0-670-61671-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wells2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stanley_Wells2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Stanley Wells, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare & Co.</cite>, New York, Pantheon, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-375-42494-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-375-42494-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-375-42494-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+%26+Co.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pantheon&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-375-42494-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="WellsTaylorJowettMontgomery2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stanley_WellsGary_TaylorJohn_JowettWilliam_Montgomery2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Stanley Wells, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gary_Taylor_(universitaire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gary Taylor (universitaire)">Gary Taylor</a>, John Jowett et William Montgomery, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Oxford Shakespeare : The Complete Works</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 1344 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-926717-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-926717-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-926717-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DG70SDAAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Shakespeare&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.edition=2&rft.stitle=The+Complete+Works&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Gary+Taylor&rft.au=John+Jowett&rft.au=William+Montgomery&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=1344&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926717-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wilson2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_Wilson2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard Wilson, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Secret Shakespeare : Studies in Theatre, Religion and Resistance</cite>, Manchester, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>, <time>2004</time>, 326 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7190-7024-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7190-7024-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7190-7024-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrdSyQbU3SS4C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Shakespeare&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.stitle=Studies+in+Theatre%2C+Religion+and+Resistance&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=326&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-7024-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wood2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_Wood2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michael Wood, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare</cite>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basic_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>, <time>2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-465-09264-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-465-09264-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-465-09264-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-465-09264-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wright2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="George_T._Wright2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> George T. Wright, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« The Play of Phrase and Line »</cite>, dans Russ McDonald (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Shakespeare: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory, 1945–2000</cite>, Oxford, Blackwell, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-631-23488-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-631-23488-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-631-23488-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%3A+An+Anthology+of+Criticism+and+Theory%2C+1945%E2%80%932000&rft.atitle=The+Play+of+Phrase+and+Line&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=George+T.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-631-23488-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shakespeare"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Shakespeare?uselang%3Dfr">William Shakespeare</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> <li class="wikisource"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Auteur:William_Shakespeare" class="extiw" title="s:Auteur:William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikisource</span></span></li> <li class="wikiquote"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" class="extiw" title="q:William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikiquote</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite" style="text-align:left;"> <div style="float:left;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/45px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 45px;height: 45px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/45px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="45" data-height="45" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/68px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/90px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div style="margin-left:60px;"> Une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Catégorie">catégorie</a> est consacrée à ce sujet : <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></i>. </div> <div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.photo.rmn.fr/Package/2C6NU0AOYQ7GZ">L'Agence Photo RMN Grand Palais</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://agorha.inha.fr/inhaprod/ark:/54721/002317">AGORHA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG46005"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Museum</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/people/1108786467/"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Cooper–Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://art.nelson-atkins.org/people/4997">Musée d'art Nelson-Atkins</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/artista/wd/b95ea47d-0e9e-482f-a17b-f948c046ccee">Musée du Prado</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/Collection/artist-info.7071.html"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Gallery of Art</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp04051"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Portrait Gallery</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://collection.nationalmuseum.se/eMuseumPlus?service%3DExternalInterface%26module%3Dartist%26objectId%3D15158"><span class="lang-sv" lang="sv">Nationalmuseum</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/william-shakespeare"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Royal Academy of Arts</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/Person/34831"><span class="lang-mi" lang="mi">Te Papa Tongarewa</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find%3D%26role%3D%26nation%3D%26subjectid%3D500272240"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Union List of Artist Names</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives à la musique<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://imslp.org/wiki/Category%253AShakespeare%252C_William"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">International Music Score Library Project</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zemer.nli.org.il/artist/Bait_Lazemer987007267964505171"><span class="lang-he" lang="he" dir="rtl">Bait La Zemer Ha-Ivri</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.carnegiehall.org/names/1019635/about"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Carnegie Hall</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/William%2520Shakespeare">ChoralWiki </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102258"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Discography of American Historical Recordings</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.discogs.com/artist/348179"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Discogs</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.25567"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Grove Music Online</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a4ba11db-ae2b-4ec3-9084-2136db11acfa"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">MusicBrainz</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.muziekweb.nl/fr/Link/M00000284663/">Muziekweb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rism.online/people/381951">Répertoire international des sources musicales</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.songkick.com/artists/509202"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Songkick</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://soundcloud.com/evie-jeffreys"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">SoundCloud</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives à l'audiovisuel<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p314726"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">AllMovie</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne%3D37028.html">Allociné</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/people.php?id%3D61175"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Anime News Network</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/0/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f9d85bd"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Film Institute</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cineressources.net/recherche_t_r.php?type%3DPNP%26pk%3D23290">Ciné-Ressources</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.filmportal.de/373eb60430c64f72a002fce502b99bd6"><span class="lang-de" lang="de">Filmportal</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.filmweb.pl/person?Id%3D651546"><span class="lang-pl" lang="pl">Filmweb.pl</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p%3D345%26url_prefix%3Dhttps://www.imdb.com/%26id%3Dnm0000636"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">IMDb</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/william_shakespeare"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Rotten Tomatoes</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unifrance.org/annuaires/personne/374564">Unifrance</a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives à la littérature<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/william-shakespeare"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Academy of American Poets</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elem.mx/autor/datos/4470"><span class="lang-es" lang="es">Enciclopedia de la literatura en México</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/shakespeare_william"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?22499"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.noosfere.org/livres/auteur.asp?numauteur%3D-44475">NooSFere</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.poetryarchive.org/poet/william-shakespeare"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Poetry Archive</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/william-shakespeare"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Poetry Foundation</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mshb.huma-num.fr/prelib/personne/696/">Projet de recherche en littérature de langue bretonne</a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives au spectacle<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : 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</div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильиам – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Шекспир, Уильиам" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильям – altaï du Sud" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Шекспир, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaï du Sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25BC%25E1%258A%25AD%25E1%2588%25B5%25E1%258D%2592%25E1%2588%25AD" title="ሼክስፒር – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሼክስፒር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willelm_S%25C4%258Bacaspere" title="Willelm Sċacaspere – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Willelm Sċacaspere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम शेक्सपीयर – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="विलियम शेक्सपीयर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25D9%2583%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1" title="وليم شكسبير – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليم شكسبير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1" title="ويليام شيكسپير – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ويليام شيكسپير" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1" title="ويليام شيكسبير – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام شيكسبير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AE_%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%259B%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A7%25B0" title="উইলিয়াম শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উইলিয়াম শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Вильям – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Шекспир, Вильям" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम शेक्सपियर – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="विलियम शेक्सपियर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_%25C5%259Eekspir" title="Vilyam Şekspir – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Şekspir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="ویلیام شکسپیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام شکسپیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уильям Шекспир – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Уильям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C4%2597ljams_%25C5%25A0eksp%25C4%25ABrs" title="Vėljams Šekspīrs – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėljams Šekspīrs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2580" title="Уільям Шэкспір – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Шэкспір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%258E%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2580" title="Ўільям Шэксьпір – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ўільям Шэксьпір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiliam_S%25C3%25A8kspir" title="Wiliam Sèkspir – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wiliam Sèkspir" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уилям Шекспир – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="शेक्सपियर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शेक्सपियर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – bichelamar" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bichelamar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AE_%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="উইলিয়াম শেকসপিয়র – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম শেকসপিয়র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%259E%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2594%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཞེ་ཁུ་སི་པེར། – tibétain" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཞེ་ཁུ་སི་པེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibétain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уильям Шекспир – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уильям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильям – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шекспир, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DB%258E%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="ویلیام شێکسپیر – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلیام شێکسپیر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_%25C5%259Eekspir" title="Vilyam Şekspir – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vilyam Şekspir" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уильям Шекспир – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уильям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम शेक्सपियर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="विलियम शेक्सपियर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259F%25CF%2585%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC_%25CE%25A3%25CE%25B1%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BE%25CF%2580%25CE%25B7%25CF%2581" title="Ουίλλιαμ Σαίξπηρ – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουίλλιαμ Σαίξπηρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="ویلیام شکسپیر – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام شکسپیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%2527i_William" title="Shakespeare'i William – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Shakespeare'i William" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – fidjien" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258E%258E%25E5%25A3%25AB%25E6%25AF%2594%25E4%25BA%259E" title="莎士比亞 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="莎士比亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – konkani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%259D_%25D7%25A9%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A4%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8" title="ויליאם שייקספיר – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם שייקספיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम शेक्सपीयर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम शेक्सपीयर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2588%25D6%2582%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AC%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B4_%25D5%2587%25D5%25A5%25D6%2584%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BA%25D5%25AB%25D6%2580" title="Ուիլյամ Շեքսպիր – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուիլյամ Շեքսպիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2588%25D6%2582%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A8%25D5%25B4_%25D5%2587%25D5%25A7%25D5%25B5%25D6%2584%25D5%25BD%25D6%2583%25D5%25AB%25D6%2580" title="Ուիլիըմ Շէյքսփիր – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ուիլիըմ Շէյքսփիր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2582%25A3%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25A2%25E3%2583%25A0%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2582%25B7%25E3%2582%25A7%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%2594%25E3%2582%25A2" title="ウィリアム・シェイクスピア – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・シェイクスピア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiliam_Shiekspier" title="Wiliam Shiekspier – créole jamaïcain" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wiliam Shiekspier" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="créole jamaïcain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.uiliam._cekspir." title=".uiliam. cekspir. – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".uiliam. cekspir." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B_%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="უილიამ შექსპირი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ შექსპირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уилиям Шекспир – kabarde" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Уилиям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уильям Шекспир – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уильям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%259C%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%2598_%25E1%259E%25A0%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%2596%25E1%259F%2582%25E1%259E%259A" title="វីលីម ហ្សេកស្ពែរ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វីលីម ហ្សេកស្ពែរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%2582_%25E0%25B2%25B7%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E2%2580%258C%25E0%25B2%25AA%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಷೇಕ್ಸ್‌ಪಿಯರ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಷೇಕ್ಸ್‌ಪಿಯರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259C%258C%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%2597%2584_%25EC%2585%25B0%25EC%259D%25B5%25EC%258A%25A4%25ED%2594%25BC%25EC%2596%25B4" title="윌리엄 셰익스피어 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 셰익스피어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильям – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шекспир, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2590%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%258E%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D9%2590%25DB%258C%25D9%258E%25D8%25B1" title="وِلیَم شیکسپِیَر – cachemiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وِلیَم شیکسپِیَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cachemiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уильям Шекспир – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уильям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Shakesperius" title="Gulielmus Shakesperius – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Shakesperius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Вилиам Шекспир – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Вилиам Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viljams_%25C5%25A0eksp%25C4%25ABrs" title="Viljams Šekspīrs – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viljams Šekspīrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम शेक्सपियर – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विलियम शेक्सपियर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiremu_Hekipia" title="Wiremu Hekipia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wiremu Hekipia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Вилијам Шекспир – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вилијам Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582_%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%25BC" title="വില്യം ഷെയ്ക്സ്പിയർ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്യം ഷെയ്ക്സ്പിയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уильям Шекспир – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уильям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258B%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%259C%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%259D_%25EA%25AF%2581%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259B%25EA%25AF%2581%25EA%25AF%25AD%25EA%25AF%2584%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%2594" title="ꯋꯤꯜꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯦꯛꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯌꯔ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯋꯤꯜꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯦꯛꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯌꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विल्यम शेक्सपिअर – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्यम शेक्सपिअर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильям – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шекспир, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8" title="ရှိတ်စပီးယား – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှိတ်စပီးယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильям – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Шекспир, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="ویلیام شکسپیر – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلیام شکسپیر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम सेक्सपियर – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विलियम सेक्सपियर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम शेक्स्पियर – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="विलियम शेक्स्पियर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – chewa" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AD%25B1%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%25B2%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%2585%25E0%25AC%25AE_%25E0%25AC%25B8%25E0%25AD%2587%25E0%25AC%2595%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25B8%25E0%25AC%25AA%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%2585%25E0%25AC%25B0" title="ୱିଲିଅମ ସେକ୍ସପିଅର – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ୱିଲିଅମ ସେକ୍ସପିଅର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильям – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шекспир, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%25AE_%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%25B0" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਸ਼ੇਕਸਪੀਅਰ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਸ਼ੇਕਸਪੀਅਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A6%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1" title="ولیئم شیکسپیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیئم شیکسپیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%2590%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DB%2590%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1" title="وېليم شېکسپيير – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وېليم شېکسپيير" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильям – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шекспир, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2580" title="Вільям Шекспір – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вільям Шекспір" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25AE_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="विलियम शेक्सपीयर – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विलियम शेक्सपीयर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D1%258D%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уиллиам Шэкспир – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уиллиам Шэкспир" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A3%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A2_%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A8" title="ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱯᱤᱭᱚᱨ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱯᱤᱭᱚᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25DA%25AA%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B1" title="ولیم شیڪسپیئر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ولیم شیڪسپیئر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willyam_Ciksfir" title="Willyam Ciksfir – chleuh" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Willyam Ciksfir" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="chleuh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25B5%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2580%25B8" title="သျဵၵ်းသႃႇပီႇယႃး – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သျဵၵ်းသႃႇပီႇယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%258A_%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B7%259A%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%258A" title="විලියම් ෂේක්ස්පියර් – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විලියම් ෂේක්ස්පියර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D1%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Виљем Шекспир – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виљем Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuylan-Sasepiya%25E5%25A8%2581%25E5%25BB%2589%25E2%2580%25A2%25E8%258E%258E%25E5%25A3%25AB%25E6%25AF%2594%25E4%25BA%259E" title="Wuylan-Sasepiya威廉•莎士比亞 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Wuylan-Sasepiya威廉•莎士比亞" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D" title="வில்லியம் சேக்சுபியர் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் சேக்சுபியர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B7%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%25AA%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಷೇಕ್ಸ್ ಪಿಯರ್ – toulou" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಷೇಕ್ಸ್ ಪಿಯರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="toulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B5%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%2582_%25E0%25B0%25B7%25E0%25B1%2587%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D%25E2%2580%258C%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D" title="విలియం షేక్‌స్పియర్ – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విలియం షేక్‌స్పియర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Вилям Шекспир – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вилям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25A1_%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C" title="วิลเลียม เชกสเปียร์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลเลียม เชกสเปียร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wil%25C3%25BDam_%25C5%259Eekspir" title="Wilýam Şekspir – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Wilýam Şekspir" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villiam_%25C5%25A0ekspir" title="Villiam Šekspir – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Villiam Šekspir" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_shakespeare" title="William shakespeare – tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="William shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580" title="Уильям Шекспир – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уильям Шекспир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580,_%25D0%25A3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC" title="Шекспир, Уильям – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шекспир, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25A8%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2580" title="Вільям Шекспір – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Шекспір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2585_%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B1" title="ولیم شیکسپیئر – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم شیکسپیئر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%25A0eikspir_Uil%2527jam" title="Šeikspir Uil'jam – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Šeikspir Uil'jam" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258E%258E%25E5%25A3%25AB%25E6%25AF%2594%25E4%25BA%259E" title="莎士比亞 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莎士比亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B_%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="უილიამ შექსპირი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უილიამ შექსპირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%259D_%25D7%25A9%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A4%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8" title="וויליאם שייקספיר – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויליאם שייקספיר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A8%2581%25E5%25BB%2589%25C2%25B7%25E8%258E%258E%25E5%25A3%25AB%25E6%25AF%2594%25E4%25BA%259A" title="威廉·莎士比亚 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·莎士比亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258E%258E%25E5%25A3%25AB%25E6%25AF%2594%25E4%25BA%259E" title="莎士比亞 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="莎士比亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William Shakespeare" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258E%258E%25E5%25A3%25AB%25E6%25AF%2594%25E4%25BA%259E" title="莎士比亞 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="莎士比亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> 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