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href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integrazione_nell'Egitto_contemporaneo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integrazione_nell'Egitto_contemporaneo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Integrazione nell'Egitto contemporaneo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integrazione_nell'Egitto_contemporaneo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Copti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 76 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopte" title="Kopte - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kopte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="أقباط - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أقباط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7" title="اقباط - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اقباط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qibtil%C9%99r" title="Qibtilər - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qibtilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="قیبطی‌‌لر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیبطی‌‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Копты - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Копты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Копты - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Копты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Копти - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Копти" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="কিবতীয় জাতি - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিবতীয় জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptes" title="Coptes - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coptes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="قیبتی - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قیبتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptov%C3%A9" title="Koptové - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koptové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copt" title="Copt - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Copt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopter" title="Kopter - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kopter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopten" title="Kopten - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kopten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1pti" title="Qıpti - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qıpti" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopty" title="Kopty - basso sorabo" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kopty" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="basso sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κόπτες - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόπτες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copts" title="Copts - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copts" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptoj" title="Koptoj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koptoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copto" title="Copto - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Copto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptid" title="Koptid - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koptid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopto" title="Kopto - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kopto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="قبطی‌ها - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قبطی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptit" title="Koptit - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koptit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptes" title="Coptes - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coptes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptaigh" title="Coptaigh - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coptaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_copto" title="Pobo copto - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo copto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopti" title="Kopti - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kopti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptojo" title="Koptojo - alto sorabo" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Koptojo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptok" title="Koptok - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koptok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ղպտիներ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղպտիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptik" title="Koptik - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koptik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%88" title="コプト - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コプト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კოპტები - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოპტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igafsen" title="Igafsen - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Igafsen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Qibti" title="Jolma Qibti - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Qibti" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Копттар - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Копттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%A5%ED%8A%B8%EC%9D%B8" title="콥트인 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콥트인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qipt%C3%AE" title="Qiptî - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qiptî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copti" title="Copti - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Copti" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptai" title="Koptai - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Koptai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopti" title="Kopti - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kopti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4pta_(vahoaka)" title="Kôpta (vahoaka) - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôpta (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Копти - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Копти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopten" title="Kopten - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kopten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptarar" title="Koptarar - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koptarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptere" title="Koptere - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koptere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2ptes" title="Còptes - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Còptes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਕੁਬਤੀ ਲੋਕ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੁਬਤੀ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptowie" title="Koptowie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koptowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="قبطی مسیحی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قبطی مسیحی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قبطيان - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قبطيان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptas" title="Coptas - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coptas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cop%C8%9Bi" title="Copți - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Copți" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Копты - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Копты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopti" title="Kopti - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kopti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="කොප්ට්වරු - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොප්ට්වරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copt" title="Copt - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Copt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopti" title="Kopti - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kopti" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopti" title="Kopti - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kopti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptiket" title="Koptiket - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koptiket" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Копти - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Копти" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopter" title="Kopter - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kopter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakopti" title="Wakopti - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wakopti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கோப்துக்கள் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோப்துக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopton" title="Kopton - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kopton" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1pt%C3%AEler" title="Kıptîler - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıptîler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Копти - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Копти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="قبطی مسیحی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قبطی مسیحی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qibtiylar" title="Qibtiylar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qibtiylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Copt" title="Người Copt - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Copt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopto" title="Kopto - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kopto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="科普特人 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科普特人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="კოპტეფი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოპტეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="科普特人 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科普特人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146744#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Copti" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Copti" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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</nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Copti"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Copti" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Copti" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&oldid=142033029" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Copti&id=142033029&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCopti"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCopti"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Copti"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Copti&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&printable=yes" 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caratteristiche dei gruppi etnici"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:lightblue; color:#000;">Copti</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_monks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coptic_monks.jpg/330px-Coptic_monks.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coptic_monks.jpg/500px-Coptic_monks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coptic_monks.jpg/960px-Coptic_monks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2447" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Monaci copti, tra il 1898 e il 1914.</td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="height:2px; line-height:2px; background:lightblue; color:#000;"> </th></tr><tr><th>Luogo d'origine</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Egitto (bandiera)"><img alt="Egitto (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/20px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Popolazione</th><td>tra i 15 e i 20 milioni </td></tr><tr><th>Lingua</th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Religione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Chiesa_ortodossa_copta" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta">Chiesa ortodossa copta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica_copta" title="Chiesa cattolica copta">Chiesa cattolica copta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantesimo" title="Protestantesimo">protestantesimo</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:lightblue; color:#000;">Distribuzione</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2">  <table style="text-align:left; margin:auto"> <tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">tra i 15 e i 20 milioni</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">circa 500 000</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti d'America</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">tra il milione e i 2 milioni</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">circa 300 000</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">circa 75 000 (2003)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></td><td style="text-align:right; padding-left:5px">circa 75 000 (2015)</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Popolo/man" title="Template:Popolo/man"><span title="Manuale del template Popolo">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>I <b>copti</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabo">الأقباط</span>‎<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Arabo" title="Aiuto:Arabo">?</a></sup></span>, <i>al-aqbāṭ</i>) costituiscono un <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_etnoreligioso" title="Gruppo etnoreligioso">gruppo etnoreligioso</a> <a href="/wiki/Cristiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristiani">cristiano</a> originario dell'<a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a>, costituente all'incirca un decimo della popolazione egiziana. Il cristianesimo fu la religione predominante e maggioritaria in Egitto fino al IX secolo, per poi ridursi a significativa minoranza. I copti costituiscono la più grande comunità <a href="/wiki/Cristianesimo_in_Medio_Oriente" title="Cristianesimo in Medio Oriente">cristiana in Medio Oriente</a>, nonché la più grande minoranza religiosa dell'Egitto. La grande maggioranza dei copti aderisce alla <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_ortodossa_copta" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta">Chiesa ortodossa copta</a>, mentre significative minoranze sono affiliate alla <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica_copta" title="Chiesa cattolica copta">Chiesa cattolica copta</a> e a varie confessioni <a href="/wiki/Protestanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestanti">protestanti</a>. I copti sono considerati in Egitto una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minoranza_modello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minoranza modello (la pagina non esiste)">minoranza modello</a>, anche se la loro influenza declinò a partire dalla seconda metà del XX secolo, soprattutto nell'ambito della marginalizzazione e della violenza di parte di gruppi <a href="/wiki/Fondamentalismo_islamico" title="Fondamentalismo islamico">fondamentalisti islamici</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine "copto" deriva, tramite il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco</a> <i>còptos</i> (κόπτος), dall'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> <i>al-qubṭ</i> (قبط), una corruzione dei termini <i>kubti</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Dialetto_bohairico" title="Dialetto bohairico">dialetto bohairico</a>) e <i>kuptaion</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Dialetto_sahidico" title="Dialetto sahidico">dialetto sahidico</a>), a loro volta derivati probabilmente dall'antico greco αἰγύπτιος (<a href="/wiki/Traslitterazione" title="Traslitterazione">trasl.</a> <i>aigǘptios</i> "egiziano")<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lo stesso termine greco <i>Áigüptos</i> (Αἴγυπτος, "Egitto") è già attestato nel <a href="/wiki/Dialetto_miceneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialetto miceneo">dialetto miceneo</a> (forma arcaica del greco antico), in cui il termine <i>a<sub>3</sub>-ku-pi-ti-jo</i> ("egiziano") indicava un abitante dell'<a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a>. La forma micenea derivava a sua volta da una corruzione dell'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_egizia" title="Lingua egizia">egizio</a> <i>Hut-ka-Ptah</i> (ḥwt-k3-ptḥ, "Casa dello Spirito di <a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a>"), dal vasto complesso monumentale della divinità sito nella città di <a href="/wiki/Menfi_(Egitto)" title="Menfi (Egitto)">Menfi</a>, al secolo capitale del <a href="/wiki/Geografia_dell%27antico_Egitto#Basso_Egitto" title="Geografia dell'antico Egitto">Basso Egitto</a>, che gli antichi greci utilizzavano per riferirsi <a href="/wiki/Sineddoche" title="Sineddoche">sineddocheticamente</a> all'intera regione. </p><p>Nella <a href="/wiki/Lingua_copta" title="Lingua copta">propria lingua</a>, i copti si riferivano a sé stessi con i termini <i>rem en kēme</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Dialetto_sahidico" title="Dialetto sahidico">dialetto sahidico</a>), <i>lem en kēmi</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Dialetto_bohairico#Dialetto_fayumico" title="Dialetto bohairico">dialetto fayumico</a>) e <i>rem en khēmi</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Dialetto_bohairico" title="Dialetto bohairico">dialetto bohairico</a>), tutti traducibili in "abitanti della <i>kemet</i>" (dall'<a href="/wiki/Lingua_egizia" title="Lingua egizia">antico egizio</a> km.t; <a href="/wiki/Associazione_fonetica_internazionale" title="Associazione fonetica internazionale">AFI</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">[kuːmat]</span></a>), letteralmente "terra nera"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, tra l'altro reso in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco antico</a> come "Khēmía" (<i>Χημία</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, probabilmente in riferimento ai fertili terreni, dalla caratteristica pigmentazione scura del suolo, direttamente adiacenti alle sponde del <a href="/wiki/Nilo" title="Nilo">Nilo</a>, contrapposte dunque alle desertiche e semi-disabitate pianure del <i>deshret</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_egizia" title="Lingua egizia">egizio</a>: dšṛt, "terra rossa"), costituenti invece la maggioranza della composizione geografica del Paese<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il significato etimologico del termine era dunque genericamente riferito alle persone di origine egiziana, non solamente a quelle che professavano la religione copta. In seguito alla conversione di gran parte del popolo egiziano all'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, il termine copto iniziò ad essere associato agli egiziani cristiani che non si erano convertiti. Agli albori del <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a>, alcuni nazionalisti ed intellettuali egiziani cominciarono ad usare il termine copto nella sua accezione storica, come ad esempio Markos Pascià Semeika, fondatore del Museo Copto, che asseriva che ogni egiziano, sia esso un <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">musulmano</a> oppure un <a href="/wiki/Cristianesimo" title="Cristianesimo">cristiano</a>, fosse da considerarsi un copto, poiché i seguaci di entrambe le fedi sarebbero discendenti degli antichi egizi.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secondo la tradizione copta il cristianesimo fu portato in Egitto da <a href="/wiki/Marco_(evangelista)" title="Marco (evangelista)">San Marco</a> nel I secolo e si diffuse rapidamente tra le comunità urbane di lingua greca e in seguito anche nelle regioni rurali. A partire dal <a href="/wiki/Concilio_di_Calcedonia" title="Concilio di Calcedonia">concilio di Calcedonia</a> del 451 il cristianesimo copto aderì al <a href="/wiki/Monofisismo" title="Monofisismo">monofisismo</a>, distaccandosi dalla dottrina cristiana dell'<a href="/wiki/Impero_romano_d%27Oriente" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero romano d'Oriente">Impero romano d'Oriente</a>, il quale perseguitò nel corso dei secoli seguenti la comunità. La <a href="/wiki/Conquista_islamica_dell%27Egitto" title="Conquista islamica dell'Egitto">conquista islamica dell'Egitto</a> nel 641 venne quindi accolta dai copti come una liberazione. I copti vennero integrati nell'amministrazione islamica e la <a href="/wiki/Lingua_copta" title="Lingua copta">lingua copta</a> venne utilizzata in ambito amministrativo fino alla fine del VII secolo; numerosi copti raggiunsero posizioni importanti in ambito governativo.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup75_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup75-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tra il XIII e il XVI secolo, sotto i <a href="/wiki/Mamelucchi" title="Mamelucchi">Mamelucchi</a>, i copti affrontarono persecuzioni da parte delle autorità; malgrado varie ribellioni, la gran parte dei copti si convertì gradualmente all'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, in particolare in seguito alla ribellione del 1354. Sotto gli <a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Ottomani</a> e sotto la dinastia di <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali" title="Mehmet Ali">Mehmet Ali</a> i copti vennero emancipati e sperimentarono importanti miglioramenti delle loro condizioni sociali, politiche ed economiche. I copti vennero integrati nell'esercito e nel XX secolo molti entrarono a far parte del partito <a href="/wiki/Wafd" title="Wafd">Wafd</a>, il quale si batté per l'indipendenza dell'Egitto dall'influenza <a href="/wiki/Impero_britannico" title="Impero britannico">britannica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup76_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'emancipazione della comunità copta raggiunse il culmine negli anni 1950; i copti giunsero a possedere un quinto della ricchezza del paese e a comporre poco meno della metà del personale del pubblico impiego.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A partire dagli anni 1950 il regime di <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abd_el-Nasser" title="Gamal Abd el-Nasser">Gamal Abd el-Nasser</a> avviò ampie iniziative di <a href="/wiki/Nazionalizzazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazionalizzazione">nazionalizzazione</a>, che provocarono un declino della partecipazione attiva dei copti nella società egiziana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografia">Demografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Demografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Demografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I copti sono generalmente stimati costituire un decimo della popolazione egiziana.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup75_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup75-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondo il censimento del 1976 i copti contavano in Egitto <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006231556000000000♠"></span>2<span style="margin-left:.25em;">315</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">560</span></span> unità, costituenti il 6,31% della popolazione. Questa figura venne fortemente contestata dagli attivisti copti, in particolare negli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti d'America</a>, i quali stimarono invece la componente copta a un quinto della popolazione.<sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> stimava nel 2006 7,6 milioni di copti, costituenti il 10% degli egiziani. I copti sono concentrati in larga parte nelle regioni rurali dell'Egitto meridionale. In molti villaggi essi costituiscono la maggioranza assoluta della popolazione, mentre in altri convivono con i musulmani. Gli insediamenti copti sono dominati dal campanile della chiesa di riferimento.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Cultura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanging_Church,_Old_Cairo,_Egypt9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hanging_Church%2C_Old_Cairo%2C_Egypt9.jpg/250px-Hanging_Church%2C_Old_Cairo%2C_Egypt9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hanging_Church%2C_Old_Cairo%2C_Egypt9.jpg/330px-Hanging_Church%2C_Old_Cairo%2C_Egypt9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hanging_Church%2C_Old_Cairo%2C_Egypt9.jpg/500px-Hanging_Church%2C_Old_Cairo%2C_Egypt9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Interno della <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_Pendente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa Pendente (la pagina non esiste)">Chiesa Pendente</a>, una delle più antiche chiese copte d'<a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">Egitto</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_and_Arabic_inscriptions_in_an_Old_Cairo_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coptic_and_Arabic_inscriptions_in_an_Old_Cairo_church.jpg/220px-Coptic_and_Arabic_inscriptions_in_an_Old_Cairo_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coptic_and_Arabic_inscriptions_in_an_Old_Cairo_church.jpg/330px-Coptic_and_Arabic_inscriptions_in_an_Old_Cairo_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coptic_and_Arabic_inscriptions_in_an_Old_Cairo_church.jpg/440px-Coptic_and_Arabic_inscriptions_in_an_Old_Cairo_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Iscrizione in arabo e in copto in una chiesa copta del <a href="/wiki/Il_Cairo" title="Il Cairo">Cairo</a>. La frase riportata si trova nel <i><a href="/wiki/Vangelo_di_Giovanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Vangelo di Giovanni">vangelo di Giovanni</a></i>: «Chiunque beve di quest'acqua avrà di nuovo sete; ma chi beve dell'acqua che io gli darò, non avrà mai più sete, anzi, l'acqua che io gli darò diventerà in lui sorgente di acqua che zampilla per la vita eterna»<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>I copti sono affiliati principalmente alla Chiesa ortodossa copta, mentre cospicue minoranze appartengono alla Chiesa cattolica copta e a varie chiese protestanti. I copti sono di <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">lingua araba</a> similmente agli altri egiziani e parlano colloquialmente dialetti <a href="/wiki/Arabo_egiziano" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabo egiziano">arabi egiziani</a>. In ambito liturgico la Chiesa ortodossa copta usa di fianco alla lingua araba la <a href="/wiki/Lingua_copta" title="Lingua copta">lingua copta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_afro-asiatica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua afro-asiatica (la pagina non esiste)">lingua afro-asiatica</a> derivata dalla <a href="/wiki/Lingua_egizia" title="Lingua egizia">lingua egizia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup75_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup75-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La lingua copta è stata utilizzata storicamente anche in <a href="/wiki/Letteratura_copta" title="Letteratura copta">ambito letterario</a> fino al medioevo. La comunità copta si è distinta anche in <a href="/wiki/Arte_copta" title="Arte copta">ambito artistico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Musica_copta" title="Musica copta">musicale</a>. </p><p>I copti sono una comunità strettamente <a href="/wiki/Endogamia" title="Endogamia">endogamica</a> e tradizionalmente non accettano il <a href="/wiki/Divorzio" title="Divorzio">divorzio</a>, se non in occasione di <a href="/wiki/Adulterio" title="Adulterio">adulterio</a>. I copti praticano tradizionalmente la <a href="/wiki/Circoncisione" title="Circoncisione">circoncisione</a>, sia maschile, che <a href="/wiki/Circoncisione_femminile" class="mw-redirect" title="Circoncisione femminile">femminile</a>. Sono tradizionalmente diffusi i tatuaggi, in particolare l'usanza di tatuarsi una croce nel polso e in passato la data di pellegrinaggio a <a href="/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme">Gerusalemme</a> nel braccio. Sono diffuse tradizioni sincretiche e folcloristiche condivise con i musulmani, comprese le visite a santuari comuni per benedizioni e protezioni contro il <a href="/wiki/Malocchio" title="Malocchio">malocchio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup76_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Integrazione_nell'Egitto_contemporaneo"><span id="Integrazione_nell.27Egitto_contemporaneo"></span>Integrazione nell'Egitto contemporaneo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Integrazione nell'Egitto contemporaneo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Integrazione nell'Egitto contemporaneo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I copti godono della piena cittadinanza egiziana, malgrado siano esclusi dalla presidenza dello Stato, ufficialmente riservata a un musulmano. Numerosi copti conquistarono importanti posizioni politiche, in particolare <a href="/wiki/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali" title="Boutros Boutros-Ghali">Boutros Boutros-Ghali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup76_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I copti sono considerati in Egitto una minoranza modello; essi esercitano infatti un ruolo importante in ambito economico e sociale. I copti detengono la gran parte della ricchezza del paese e appartengono in buona parte alla <a href="/wiki/Classe_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Classe media">classe media</a>; ricoprono mansioni lavorative principalmente da <a href="/wiki/Colletto_bianco" title="Colletto bianco">colletti bianchi</a> e costituiscono la gran parte dei medici e dei farmacisti in Egitto.<sup id="cite_ref-Pennington_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennington-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fino al 2005 la costruzione e la ristrutturazione di chiese e monasteri dovette essere autorizzata dal presidente. Nel 2002 il <a href="/wiki/Natale" title="Natale">Natale</a> copto, celebrato il <a href="/wiki/7_gennaio" title="7 gennaio">7 gennaio</a> venne riconosciuto ufficialmente dal governo egiziano. Malgrado l'apertura delle autorità egiziane, la comunità copta lamenta la pressione del <a href="/wiki/Fondamentalismo_islamico" title="Fondamentalismo islamico">fondamentalismo islamico</a> ai suoi danni.<sup id="cite_ref-Shoup76_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shoup76-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nel 1976 papa <a href="/wiki/Senuzio_III_di_Alessandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Senuzio III di Alessandria">Senuzio III</a> denunciò l'indifferenza delle autorità egiziane nei confronti delle vessazioni vissute dalla comunità, come i rapimenti di donne copte date in spose a uomini musulmani. Numerose fonti egiziane hanno rilevato l'indifferenza del governo egiziano nei confronti delle vessazioni vissute dalla comunità.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In particolare, nel 2010 un attentato terroristico colpì una messa copta ad <a href="/wiki/Alessandria_d%27Egitto" title="Alessandria d'Egitto">Alessandria d'Egitto</a>, provocando ventuno vittime. Numerose lettere minacciose da parte di fondamentalisti islamici furono recapitate a chiese copte in Egitto e in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. La reazione dello Stato e della società egiziana fu decisa; le messe copte videro la presenza di numerose figure politiche egiziane e furono trasmesse nei canali televisivi egiziani. I media egiziani dettero voce a numerosi esponenti della Chiesa ortodossa copta e l'opinione pubblica egiziana evidenziò il contributo comune di copti e musulmani nella lotta per l'indipendenza del paese.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xrGL7o69KBIC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=coptic+orthodox&source=bl&ots=0ROIHZ4FFm&sig=DcEAaveJzQsCeS1tQK-liQc54cM&hl=en&ei=es46SqsUiP61A9ufrOUK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Who are the Christians in the Middle East?</span></a>, Betty Jane Bailey, 18 giugno 2009, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-8028-1020-5" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-0-8028-1020-5">978-0-8028-1020-5</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/copti"><span style="font-style:italic;">Copti nell'Enciclopedia Treccani</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 agosto 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/l-africa-tardoantica-e-medievale-arte-copta_(Il-Mondo-dell%27Archeologia)"><span style="font-style:italic;">L'Africa tardoantica e medievale. Arte copta in "Il Mondo dell'Archeologia"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 agosto 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Loprieno, "Egyptian and Coptic Phonology", in Phonologies of Asia and Africa (including the Caucasus). Vol 1 of 2. Ed: Alan S Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1997: p 449</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"A Brief History of Alchemy". UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL SCHOOL OF CHEMISTRY. Retrieved 21 August 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Rosalie, David (1997), <i>Pyramid Builders of Ancient Egypt: A Modern Investigation of Pharaoh's Workforce</i>. Routledge. p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn Mukhtār, <i>Ancient Civilizations of Africa</i>. Books.google.co.za. p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">M. Hussein. <i>el Ittigahat el Wataneyya fil Adab el Muʻaṣir</i>, [National Trends in Modern Literature]. Vol. 2. Cairo, 1954.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoup75-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shoup75_9-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shoup75_9-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shoup75_9-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFShoup">Shoup</a>, p. 75</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pennington-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Pennington_10-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Pennington_10-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Pennington_10-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFPennington">Pennington</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shoup76-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shoup76_11-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shoup76_11-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shoup76_11-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Shoup76_11-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFShoup">Shoup</a>, p. 76</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFFarag">Farag</a>, p. 83</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFShoup">Shoup</a>, pp. 75-76</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laparola.net/wiki.php?riferimento=Gv4%2C13-14&formato_rif=vp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gv4,13-14</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">laparola.net</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peacereporter.net/dettaglio_articolo.php?idart=4093"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Violenze religiose</i>, in <i>Un'antenna per ogni fede</i><span></span></span></a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}"></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Collegamenti_interrotti" title="Aiuto:Collegamenti interrotti">collegamento interrotto</a></i>]</sup>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">peacereporter.net</span>. <small>URL consultato il 14 agosto 2008</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFShoup">Shoup</a>, pp. 76-77</cite>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFFarag" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Lois M. Farag, <span style="font-style:italic;">The Coptic Christian Heritage: History, Faith and Culture</span>, Routledge, 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781134666843" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781134666843">9781134666843</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPennington" class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) J. D. Pennington, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4282879"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Copts in Modern Egypt</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Middle Eastern Studies</span>, vol. 18, n. 2, Taylor & Francis, 1982, pp. 158-179.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRugh" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Andrea B. Rugh, <span style="font-style:italic;">Christians in Egypt: Strategies and Survival</span>, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781137566133" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781137566133">9781137566133</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFShoup" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) John A. Shoup, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupsofaf0000shou"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia</span></a>, ABC-CLIO, 2011, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781598843620" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781598843620">9781598843620</a>.</cite></li> <li>Capuani, Massimo ed al. <i>Christian Egypt: Coptic Art and Monuments Through Two Millennia</i> (2002).</li> <li>Youssef Courbage, Phillipe Fargues. <i>Christians and Jews Under Islam</i>, 1997.</li> <li>Ibrahim, Vivian. <i>The Copts of Egypt: The Challenges of Modernisation and Identity</i> (I.B. Tauris, Palgrave Macmillan; 2011).</li> <li>Kamil, Jill. <i>Coptic Egypt: History and a Guide</i>. American University in Cairo Press, 1990.</li> <li>Meinardus, Otto Friedrich August. <i>Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity</i> (2010).</li> <li>Tadros, Samuel. <i>Motherland Lost: The Egyptian and Coptic Quest for Modernity</i> (2013).</li> <li>Thomas, Martyn, ed. (2006). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=ooAaaMdOwpAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Copts in Egypt: A Christian Minority Under Siege: Papers Presented at the First International Coptic Symposium, Zurich, September 23–25, 2004</a></i>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.</li> <li>Van Doorn-Harder, Nelly. "Finding a Platform: Studying the Copts in the 19th and 20th Centuries", <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i> (agosto 2010) 42#3, p. 479–482. Historiography.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Kosack" title="Wolfgang Kosack">Wolfgang Kosack</a>: <i>Koptisches Handlexikon des Bohairischen.</i> Koptisch - Deutsch - Arabisch. Verlag Christoph Brunner, Basel 2013, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783952401897" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-9524018-9-7</a>.</li> <li>Vittorio Ianari (ed.), <i>I cristiani d'Egitto nella vita e negli scritti di Matta el Meskin</i>, Morcelliana, Brescia, 2013</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Copts"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Copts?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Copts?uselang=it">copti</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/copti"><span style="font-style:italic;">Copti</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146744#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/copti_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">copti</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146744#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Copti"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="background:#870409; color:FFD700;"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Copti" title="Template:Copti"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Copti" title="Discussioni template:Copti"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Copti&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/20px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/40px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#FFD700">Copti</span></a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/20px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/40px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#870409; color:#FFD700;">Cultura</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Architettura_copta" title="Architettura copta">Architettura</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arte_copta" title="Arte copta">Arte</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandiera_copta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandiera copta (la pagina non esiste)">Bandiera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Calendario_copto" title="Calendario copto">Calendario</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coptologia" title="Coptologia">Coptologia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Croce_copta" title="Croce copta">Croce</a> · <a href="/wiki/Letteratura_copta" title="Letteratura copta">Letteratura</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monachesimo_copto" title="Monachesimo copto">Monachesimo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Musica_copta" title="Musica copta">Musica</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecuzioni_dei_Copti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persecuzioni dei Copti (la pagina non esiste)">Persecuzioni</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storia_copta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storia copta (la pagina non esiste)">Storia</a></td><td rowspan="5" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/250px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/330px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#870409; color:#FFD700;">Geografia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_ortodossa_copta_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta in Africa (la pagina non esiste)">Africa</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Egitto</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_ortodossa_copta_in_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta in Asia (la pagina non esiste)">Asia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_ortodossa_copta_in_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta in Australia (la pagina non esiste)">Australia</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_ortodossa_copta_negli_Stati_Uniti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta negli Stati Uniti (la pagina non esiste)">Stati Uniti</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_ortodossa_copta_in_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta in Canada (la pagina non esiste)">Canada</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_ortodossa_copta_in_Europa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta in Europa (la pagina non esiste)">Europa</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_ortodossa_copta_in_America_del_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta in America del Sud (la pagina non esiste)">America del Sud</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#870409; color:#FFD700;">Religione</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Chiesa_ortodossa_copta" title="Chiesa ortodossa copta">Chiesa ortodossa copta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica_copta" title="Chiesa cattolica copta">Chiesa cattolica copta</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiesa_presbiteriana_d%27Egitto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiesa presbiteriana d'Egitto (la pagina non esiste)">Chiesa presbiteriana d'Egitto</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protestantesimo_in_Egitto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protestantesimo in Egitto (la pagina non esiste)">Altri protestanti</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#870409; color:#FFD700;">Lingua</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_egizia" title="Lingua egizia">Egizio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lingua_copta" title="Lingua copta">Copto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dialetto_sahidico" title="Dialetto sahidico">sahidico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Dialetto_bohairico" title="Dialetto bohairico">bohairico</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">Arabo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#870409; color:#FFD700;">Sistemi di scrittura</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_copto" title="Alfabeto copto">Alfabeto copto</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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