CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a6b774f314bfe',cH: 'Oq11FESTrln6WwziCZNg9qnqRDEmaa_43cKXSvabbxo-1740011759-1.2.1.1-h99XoAsQPIwpl0jARk.navSIVk8eZMDaAJsFSN6V8YudA_16CVzSH0udBGvh_5QL',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=DVCM&__cf_chl_tk=rSLxmyrkcdPqRBQrlbCy.WfOB4squyNLGEHxu5sj8JU-1740011759-1.0.1.1-gNkhc1elTlMva76qg7o0BeDdKJm61hIH3RDbKF.j9is",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740011759',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=DVCM&__cf_chl_f_tk=rSLxmyrkcdPqRBQrlbCy.WfOB4squyNLGEHxu5sj8JU-1740011759-1.0.1.1-gNkhc1elTlMva76qg7o0BeDdKJm61hIH3RDbKF.j9is",md: "bl5xt19vfPNv0_ImvlN2K7Bi7jTBEYkceQTyTRVy_f0-1740011759-1.2.1.1-msdRSEYv1iLMZ9jyd9PWX3mjjQjTl9zF.Tvyj6lah8jSBhmMF7QdnZam1Vy2MKfRwoierEpU3cqlMhsdF1mAOihezw3qTrv9zHGSTYGomBRKcdSPU4lRHm8DHQklZwHcgjL1F9OaWFDMDFotVrkv0YB_mr3gJ.nTuprI2if0855c5oHRoGFee4En55.EnUAF60nBhtuevEuIHOocKPrjCed4fZ2RVN.vVtHypPfUzIZtbqt.6gUB5bjGsw3Dc6SrDSIOVNFJ4FFXvxQ3wyzia4OmvaMhCG9AreaqUKi_m5NCmn47sD2fPWVw0yVKW7nsFljo1Cogi0SIfIbGMmrnGzOCtzCKkP9aaK6WwqIpLVgIEipUbj2sf1cWDYmYK9nxnGRd.WR4.ZQeDHOWd071X90pXHZqSR3NVe2cScSPuaByGOY2uPpclHDIwN9mTJTJ0XJCwyGLcp5yG0V7.rHtr2aegGWtlYSWWTqRmsJyZcrkt3kyfCnmhAMXOyBLanVuuFpmY.gd_YBSfAi3r8Q0X10necloWTYoAp7SqyRASxsvVRZ_lfXYSFBFzPuwAAOXx6GiKzJEHk1.ZvYM4W5vj3svVnhuowCRCf7yluIDCzniGTVe72dhPl1twzMINF2t5qRsAxMWmqgzn__23kB9E9dkdyFWlETR1Ao5HMNMMRDacNQc9mN4Eumxn3Kk1Byf.QzHDx2_IoGaOGVzk0mvowHPWlC_sePcvG11.8UlWgEmvM_IMEr5Jwp3wycft.otmDs2FvdhiLpwXSdpeVOTruQEKc1a20IQPAehhVP4zBWQckhr0DtXIH71rxq4YyaOyf0YEVxkOmMa7zumz77fqvJ0N6R5wGqDH2_a5uMQs.po_5QJ0VTjruWJeO1xFpD_lDlLeuRkkwFtMJlGYumTQNiiG1k89wmyVeCNjlKULqpt7Dn7tUbUpwgoxMRYqWlgoIgQVPUx8ADeZPlo4kHPog6LVQXxBGTRhWI.19cqFUX8uuApd1xwmVeiK7XVoeRGVpWJCkhoBQD7YwAQ0ev.uSpRyzs0ywZyOJzH30a.pvslP.VBLEXvm5x86aYneuGJoxemAJzgmw19aS2xad_tgbypiFgsBHu.hDWcSGShd0RvPTZ3jhmC3V2Zn1rSqYrACzTgxs3ZDTa_DCbPE5N_iaqVbWx_KiFMDnVQoRvW7AL5A6BEUuCyOWMYZcD.GrYoV.w6gbkSPTrvaeCxinam5vny17VqykokbgQe.GnwR.iyXFs2dgelzmCJ1CNmoxfV_lDufLSsJ9gqAp3GFDUpP17ZMIrq7cCrK4CNIRgz9byjGECvcP41PyM0k6VhGN62RUCZeScsL2u_p6Of0lYctnTj0MBG9ji4IB0x6WC27RVu2.Z0copYEEQyD3Sxv.Ft5JpvIVvITF_Z0cG5YJtJnR19oyrzSyRULnlVg4PhXORRkKvPX5XsEyXdpCRcOpWIyEcpU7bOT7fQ_6PdlEvrhmq0mhInu6gPJEN7YWZxeYK8Bn7A.Ni9v9NRlVl0VKW27DOc803Tkb8Au5kLVQTosjNMkeEsPkMKwNpfdCX1XS9ym_nPe1EADlipFXs53fuogCOkARHKLTsyCC8hgkXPILGFEQhsoTeEV3dRIfeVvh8h7QIna_mHPwWqGevcCVwAW9InFEg9FrjEobjOr9rfvVjKzzUfBNjTjQTeJo4FTp8k6tu3JMecDczcXort02ORaPiBYU7Zu8EmsaFaJRjlSpofNzZ53PH7vGcQa1L0JPnA3tFXgLufNzvxHm9oSAOsU2gxktYMlVK2Wmsxh7YG5neByA_8BIivAjl33Gj0IazMZ0IGLTbH2AyQpZeu8ASF9E1eCc1DIYrX8U4DhArymljNHT4GNZSQdNLQhR_eQRiqotF5XQZTwsx4jVgdPfBd",mdrd: "wfJzqd7hYWt67D_BYSeAv_Z6A0YhnDg6gVCtCMYC.Ww-1740011759-1.2.1.1-Np2.RdPfHAMsulU8RH.ACij1mFF3l2z6.LAbjUVPL0UNOnlHGtrenYmB.aP5ldcUBkkkzY3MgmIjGO2nlEagnAhYSMTsNKDQ.lfLngsbtFY_9T_9grwF1cJ2uuY0W.iEElJdjmoZR.hejudcwvrxSxlXqOoKMBRdCkz_RrlA4v1xwuzQAkNfnwtoT3NLvz8rjsmspS2hxtBrhiCwPaK6p7vdr77Oy_1GDrezfP9LHrxWL6ERISVBrvLEY0O5q2hXTqshcCBVDIWjn2CwnC9m1UFBHI2dUs85n5BgS1cN5IFFfGm1pErE5b24njAfWm_GfAGzjM25N8kuwq_dTELPe9GphjtB_Dw1le0aY1MCJvBfYeq7__WPndrPC32kBPYlNZBB6TPweVsO9uwo44j4lLyWmUh7Y8QYNOP5JsRS5Cumj9UECqz63b60B__u17xCI7dm7hWJYGAkXFuxFG82r5ByC7e7_AMOf2vyoCdRomrm0pEf29ytoCRAAA4KRLFWm.s.zCANSHYHO9K1q4zDtuFcYVV9NxK2c6.4fuWN6hnE4FSW0XQU9UXG7Wdw0ndHP3mrGsaytnXIh3tutCQkKeG35jOjn3GKKCgHNlCnlOkTflHMY8cOdsffAKNLG6cQ4bfO_GDM0vO3WKeu7TwEIERVDb67TmDgkRN6ByodT3mk4qhoO4fldPE3_B_lVoqQ.sEywEoH0SQL20iefMSOUNh9a.ok.Q3ncgwchLuavX6kQUYduptxgHP6.L42EwutEyWc.3znqcPVC8yEfMy.9haDHKC_U5Nnky6i4CRhhsvRXHV2AW5jXI8vI5eoVhPxJ2QlMUR28pxzguuVrTLiQ_g1EHRXz9QyAP_ZlJhVV7q_PYd1kMv0hcPgP4W2IU45NGqEvpMTFBYQ.VZiRWV1Iv1ip75HyzmYJT.OYyq1iybHRsOuX9mI2EZYcrV_W3XmLT8OMDs8RobAeXM6VIFdmG.ebmMQHLjQ5kLxg21oV6xH0RXVhtWXJhGozBE3bLJlRfqSPi1HvbPkJvRI_h0zGcSZNihy61DY2tpLkOW6Sfpm6QtMKvLmDwMkhewh7krL1tBK0wKJ.YqjM6RBei1UNy95BhVxG.PMYQhxxytZ0iLM27Zt4LBYuUp5NmhhJk8RqccZhzUz1xg1G9OLNQMFwckYn3_3nxIoQ304gE3l7qIBZbHGeUp8Ni8.sKFXi.UgB5BIydDdP4EZm48veRnrkRSqwSQxqWw9EYIalC56BBXYbDIpWIrheyYKbSKAjj25N0.2h_Zhrsel_v2QAxVRczDG15FkbrIAtFITtmjv0KAqA4A908_eNxqh9nhHNfXqQLvomoyiWTGqo55TOxbTpBiy8grdgouNpy.y8xJGaKZ.f_HbJoT04JAE1faNemvTJZKgr.UozAGmtDBiF4b8WAN20h8HCk0vSjUt23Fma2mRufpXr2amw5LE_0nSQ.b1PRzuGQrcgCEYGXAG_plL8Y.oQnOvNtwy4gsb1uxb5V.WICVRUoyJ6aJFHXDooXOvhrRbxULaHimCXARNz5OHPkFVpAj904m0CfBAK6bakl0wfHo3r2H9bkY3P2PHGP7pmdT.BsSate6J2oB9POxLuP6icnGQrjMPuAvVgSjm20RsCnnUjt4XP2xDCmaBacoUqWq2e5bl1kkfumS1shsAHJ6PC4TGne3JULVFaNFNoBa9agmZ5.Sdwizrvb9Fm_3iFN6xD.JSVAm0U8GZIcDmUN09ymcxAXbzhdxoaH.D3Qd7XODdwH5vcYYamxFtdgZ1xjeloHOLvV3M7TYMy1WwDFvOgD5KRBw8IyJCOscKIAWaPvXe72HL7va0F4XkUDKXQxM6Kc7hfsSAntRw1IBwt0encdQnfeb31prh_4bl5s8sHQHqteKMZUE02Fl8C0aDdeWlXfZIImPNWMdytV3GWEaQR40hgNVln9jany7WksCaGEMOPkybPuG81JbjKnXc"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a6b774f314bfe';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=DVCM&__cf_chl_rt_tk=rSLxmyrkcdPqRBQrlbCy.WfOB4squyNLGEHxu5sj8JU-1740011759-1.0.1.1-gNkhc1elTlMva76qg7o0BeDdKJm61hIH3RDbKF.j9is" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>