CINXE.COM
The Political Graveyard: Bronx, New York
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>The Political Graveyard: Bronx, New York</title> <meta name="description" content="A database of political history and cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919 U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present."> <meta name="keywords" content="political biography history genealogy cemeteries politics candidates congress senators legislators governors politicians biographies ancestors mayors birthplace geography elections"> <meta name="author" content="Lawrence Kestenbaum"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-7383562-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'https://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFDD" text="#000000" link="#cc0000" alink="#ff0000" vlink="#760000"> <style type="text/css"> p {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} td {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} A:link {text-decoration: none} A:visited {text-decoration: none} A:active {text-decoration: none} A:hover {text-decoration: underline} </style> <p align=center style="font-size:28pt; font-family:garamond,serif"> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">PoliticalGraveyard.com</span><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html" border=0> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgmain6.gif" width=450 height=216 border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard: A Database of American History"></a><br> Bronx, New York<br> <span style="font-size:14pt;">including Bartow-on-the-Sound, City Island, Eastchester, Jerome, West Chester<br>Borough Presidents, Postmasters</span></p> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9588757529416233"; /* TPG general topline */ google_ad_slot = "8693373795"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%><tr><td valign="top"> <p><a name=g><hr></a></p> <p> <b>Borough Presidents of Bronx, 1897-2017</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hackley-hagenbarth.html#920.12.24">Louis F. Haffen</a> 1898-1909 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murray5.html#171.72.04">John F. Murray</a> 1909 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/miller2.html#585.81.23">Cyrus C. Miller</a> 1910-13 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mathewson-matthaei.html#237.23.92">Douglas Mathewson</a> 1914-17 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bruchhausen-brunner.html#256.28.64">Henry Bruckner</a> 1918-33 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> 1934-61 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#701.57.41">Joseph F. Periconi</a> 1962-65 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/baczkowski-baile.html#055.24.28">Herman Badillo</a> 1966-69 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/abbra-abzug.html#767.39.84">Robert Abrams</a> 1970-78 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/simms-simonetti.html#047.89.49">Stanley Simon</a> 1979-87 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fergusson-ferrington.html#583.64.92">Fernando Ferrer</a> 1987-2001 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/carrington.html#983.00.91">Adolfo Carrión, Jr.</a> 2002-09 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dey-dichman.html#834.02.76">Ruben Diaz, Jr.</a> 2009- <p> <b>Events and Candidates</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <li> 1897 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hackley-hagenbarth.html#920.12.24">Louis F. Haffen</a> (Dem & National Democratic), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bell.html#987.05.07">Alonzo Bell</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/estevan-evanoff.html#688.27.64">John E. Eustis</a> (Citizens Union), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stepovich-sterler.html#480.07.55">Charles Sterle</a> (Socialist), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dunckel-dunklin.html#702.48.56">Charles R. Dunham</a> (Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1901 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hackley-hagenbarth.html#920.12.24">Louis F. Haffen</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wells.html#204.07.16">James L. Wells</a> (Rep & Citizens Union), defeated. <li> 1903 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hackley-hagenbarth.html#920.12.24">Louis F. Haffen</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berry.html#924.04.29">Joseph I. Berry</a> (Rep & Citizens Union), defeated. <li> 1909 Aug 30: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hackley-hagenbarth.html#920.12.24">Louis F. Haffen</a>, removed. <li> 1909 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/miller2.html#585.81.23">Cyrus C. Miller</a> (Fusion), elected. <li> 1917 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bruchhausen-brunner.html#256.28.64">Henry Bruckner</a> (Dem), elected. <li> 1921 Sep 13: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bruchhausen-brunner.html#256.28.64">Henry Bruckner</a> (Dem), nominated unopposed. <li> 1921 Sep 13: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/levine.html#294.74.22">Joseph M. Levine</a> (Rep), nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murphy5.html#458.55.45">Joseph P. Murphy</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. <li> 1921 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bruchhausen-brunner.html#256.28.64">Henry Bruckner</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/levine.html#294.74.22">Joseph M. Levine</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/seeligson-selby.html#637.29.99">Edmund Seidel</a> (Socialist), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brouillard-browman.html#975.54.10">Charles Brower</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/donnelly.html#912.45.85">George Donnelly</a> (Rent Payers), defeated. <li> 1925 Sep 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bruchhausen-brunner.html#256.28.64">Henry Bruckner</a> (Dem), nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kuhne-kurthy.html#959.78.57">Charles Kuntze</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1925 Sep 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ohara.html#458.49.48">Peter S. O'Hara</a> (Rep), nominated unopposed. <li> 1925 Sep 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dewine-dewson.html#940.29.34">Samuel A. De Witt</a> (Socialist), nominated unopposed. <li> 1925 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bruchhausen-brunner.html#256.28.64">Henry Bruckner</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ohara.html#458.49.48">Peter S. O'Hara</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dewine-dewson.html#940.29.34">Samuel A. De Witt</a> (Socialist), defeated. <li> 1933 Sep 19: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), nominated unopposed. <li> 1933 Sep 19: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barry.html#597.71.95">Charles P. Barry</a> (Rep), nominated unopposed. <li> 1933 Sep 19: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cassidy.html#661.49.99">Edward F. Cassidy</a> (Socialist), nominated unopposed. <li> 1933 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem & Recovery), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barry.html#597.71.95">Charles P. Barry</a> (Rep & City Fusion), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cassidy.html#661.49.99">Edward F. Cassidy</a> (Socialist), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hyden-hyzer.html#084.66.00">Louis Hyman</a> (Communist), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mosgrove-mosley.html#638.15.25">Sigmond Moskovitz</a> (Socialist Labor), defeated. <li> 1937 Sep 16: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), nominated unopposed. <li> 1937 Sep 16: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gresham-griffey.html#165.70.35">Douglas H. Grieve</a> (Rep), nominated unopposed. <li> 1937 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/naar-nary.html#667.78.90">Isidore Nagler</a> (American Labor & City Fusion & Socialist), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gresham-griffey.html#165.70.35">Douglas H. Grieve</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1941 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/levy.html#251.96.69">Matthew M. Levy</a> (American Labor & City Fusion & United City), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smith2.html#282.46.59">Clement H. Smith</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1945 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/isaac-iverson.html#389.65.53">Leo Isacson</a> (American Labor), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/meekins-mellen.html#752.55.57">Pasquale E. Mele</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kelley.html#972.67.73">James B. Kelley</a> (Liberal), defeated. <li> 1949 Sep 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), nominated unopposed. <li> 1949 Sep 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/minore-mitchel.html#169.65.80">Charles S. Mirkin</a> (Rep), nominated unopposed. <li> 1949 Sep 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/isaac-iverson.html#389.65.53">Leo Isacson</a> (American Labor), nominated unopposed. <li> 1949 Sep 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/painken-palma.html#713.46.13">Ira J. Palestin</a> (Liberal), nominated unopposed. <li> 1949 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/painken-palma.html#713.46.13">Ira J. Palestin</a> (Liberal), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/isaac-iverson.html#389.65.53">Leo Isacson</a> (American Labor), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/minore-mitchel.html#169.65.80">Charles S. Mirkin</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/levine.html#519.56.67">Jack E. Levine</a> (City Fusion), defeated. <li> 1953 Sep 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/frank.html#135.88.47">Aaron Frank</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1953 Sep 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/diperna-dix.html#967.38.34">John M. Diserio</a> (Rep), nominated unopposed. <li> 1953 Sep 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trippe-trumbo.html#258.82.98">Carl Trost</a> (American Labor), nominated unopposed. <li> 1953 Sep 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/painken-palma.html#713.46.13">Ira J. Palestin</a> (Liberal), nominated unopposed. <li> 1953 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/painken-palma.html#713.46.13">Ira J. Palestin</a> (Liberal), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/diperna-dix.html#967.38.34">John M. Diserio</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trippe-trumbo.html#258.82.98">Carl Trost</a> (American Labor), defeated. <li> 1957 Sep 10: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/westcott-westmoreland.html#626.34.88">David Westerman</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1957 Sep 10: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#701.57.41">Joseph F. Periconi</a> (Rep), nominated unopposed. <li> 1957 Sep 10: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blodget-blouin.html#923.06.15">Max Bloom</a> (Liberal), nominated unopposed. <li> 1957 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#732.94.40">James J. Lyons</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#701.57.41">Joseph F. Periconi</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blodget-blouin.html#923.06.15">Max Bloom</a> (Liberal), defeated. <li> 1961 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#701.57.41">Joseph F. Periconi</a> (Rep & Liberal), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sullivan5.html#682.82.01">John J. Sullivan</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1965 Sep 14: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/baczkowski-baile.html#055.24.28">Herman Badillo</a> (Dem), nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/walker4.html#600.47.79">Ivan Walker</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1965 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/baczkowski-baile.html#055.24.28">Herman Badillo</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pennoyer-perk.html#701.57.41">Joseph F. Periconi</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/campbell-cannington.html#564.30.01">Edward J. Canavan</a> (Conservative), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/marling-marschner.html#591.87.71">Tony Marotta</a> (United Taxpayers), defeated. <li> 1969 Jun 17: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/abbra-abzug.html#767.39.84">Robert Abrams</a> (Dem), nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kaneaster-karns.html#225.31.87">William Kapelman</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1969 Jun 17: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/madden.html#328.94.69">John G. Madden</a> (Rep), nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/randon-ranguette.html#575.28.05">Alfred J. Ranieri</a> (Rep), defeated in primary. <li> 1969 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/abbra-abzug.html#767.39.84">Robert Abrams</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hackley-hagenbarth.html#561.29.09">John P. Hagan</a> (Liberal), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/madden.html#328.94.69">John G. Madden</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/crosby.html#317.29.88">Benjamin R. Crosby</a> (Conservative), defeated. <li> 1973 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/abbra-abzug.html#767.39.84">Robert Abrams</a> (Dem & Liberal), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/iacino-ingerman.html#281.64.67">Lillian M. Immediato</a> (Rep & Conservative), defeated. <li> 1978 Dec 31: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/abbra-abzug.html#767.39.84">Robert Abrams</a>, resigned. <li> 1985: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/serr-sevigny.html#676.84.18">José E. Serrano</a> (Dem), defeated in primary. <li> 1987 Mar 11: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/simms-simonetti.html#047.89.49">Stanley Simon</a>, resigned. <li> 1987 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fergusson-ferrington.html#583.64.92">Fernando Ferrer</a> (Dem), elected. <li> 2001: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/carrington.html#983.00.91">Adolfo Carrión, Jr.</a> (Dem), elected. <li> 2005 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/carrington.html#983.00.91">Adolfo Carrión, Jr.</a> (Dem & Working Families), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brant-braxton.html#552.84.70">Kevin Brawley</a> (Rep & Conservative), defeated. <li> 2009 Apr 21: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dey-dichman.html#834.02.76">Ruben Diaz, Jr.</a> (Bronx Unity), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rhomberg-riccobono.html#226.56.04">Anthony J. Ribustello</a> (People First), defeated. <li> 2009 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dey-dichman.html#834.02.76">Ruben Diaz, Jr.</a> (Dem & Conservative), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/olden-oliven.html#402.92.23">Allison M. Oldak</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 2013 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dey-dichman.html#834.02.76">Ruben Diaz, Jr.</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/perky-perrizzo.html#225.08.93">Elizabeth Perri</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/esaias-esters.html#327.57.48">Mark Escoffery-Bey</a> (Ind), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lund-luster.html#657.81.84">Carl Lundgren</a> (Green), defeated. <p><a name=2><hr></a></p> <p> <b>Postmasters at Bronx, 1836-1980</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hayt-hayward.html#722.98.05">John R. Hayward</a> as of 1836 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cohen.html#405.35.81">Louis Cohen</a> 1962-65 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/carroll.html#501.49.24">William A. Carroll, Jr.</a> 1965-66 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pittsford-platzek.html#883.11.39">Henry Platt</a> 1966 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/vincente-vliet.html#489.22.08">Frank J. Viola</a> 1966-67 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/vincente-vliet.html#489.22.08">Frank J. Viola</a> 1967-80 <p><a name=3><hr></a></p> <p align="center"><font size=5><b>Bartow-on-the-Sound </a></b></font><br>(post office)</p> <p> <b>Postmasters at Bartow-on-the-Sound, 1881-83</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dukes-dunblazier.html#937.60.72">William H. Dumont</a> as of 1881-83 <p><a name=4><hr></a></p> <p align="center"><font size=5><b>City Island </a></b></font><br>(post office)</p> <p> <b>Postmasters at City Island, 1881-82</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/horton.html#983.26.48">Stephen D. Horton</a> as of 1881 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bell.html#855.52.45">Jerome Bell</a> as of 1882 <p><a name=5><hr></a></p> <p align="center"><font size=5><b>Eastchester </a></b></font><br>(post office)</p> <p> <b>Postmasters at Eastchester, 1816-81</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/faalevao-fairbanks.html#078.04.56">George Failee</a> as of 1816 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/baker6.html#564.22.72">Mary C. H. Baker</a> as of 1881 <p><a name=6><hr></a></p> <p align="center"><font size=5><b>Jerome </a></b></font><br>(post office)</p> <p> <b>Postmasters at Jerome, 1881</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcredmond-meachem.html#338.81.80">Robert McTurck</a> as of 1881 <p><a name=7><hr></a></p> <p align="center"><font size=5><b>West Chester </a></b></font><br>(post office)</p> <p> <b>Postmasters at West Chester, 1881</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/conduit-conkling.html#392.37.28">Byron Conklin</a> as of 1881 </td> <td width=180 align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9588757529416233"; /* TPG general sideline */ google_ad_slot = "2646840196"; google_ad_width = 160; google_ad_height = 600; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr></table> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9588757529416233"; /* TPG general bottomline */ google_ad_slot = "1170106998"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%> <tr><td align="center"><span style="font-size:20pt;"> <span style="font-family:garamond,serif"> <i>"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."</i></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:8pt;">Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872</span></td> <td><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgsub.gif" width=450 height=71 align="right" border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard"></a></td></tr></table> <br clear="all"> <table width=100% cellpadding=2> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">The Political Graveyard</a></b> is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:8pt;"> </span></td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The listings are <b>incomplete</b>; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is <b>not</b> guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The official URL for this page is: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/ofc/bronx.html ">https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/ofc/bronx.html </a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">alphabetical index of politicians</a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Copyright notices:</b> (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/copyright/cases/499_US_340.htm">Feist v. Rural Telephone</a>. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute <b>fair use</b> under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Site information:</b> The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by <b>Lawrence Kestenbaum</b>, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is <b>The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106.</b> — This site is hosted by <b><a href="https://www.hdl.com">HDL</a></b>. — The Political Graveyard opened on <b>July 1, 1996</b>; the last full revision was done on <b>March 8, 2023</b>. </span></td></tr> </table> <hr> <table align="center" cellpadding=5><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" border="0" src="https://creativecommons.org/images/public/somerights.gif" width=88 height=31></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/politicalgraveyard" target="_TOP" title="The Political Graveyard"><img src="https://badge.facebook.com/badge/40475596932.4982.1015512377.png" width="120" height="84" style="border: 0px;" /></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/polgraveyard"> <img src="https://twitter-badges.s3.amazonaws.com/follow_us-a.png" border=0 alt="Follow polgraveyard on Twitter"/></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=thepoliticalg-20&path=subst/home/home.html"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/a150X70b.gif" border=0 alt="[Amazon.com]" align="center"></a></td> </tr></table> </body> </html>