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id="dcb-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <!--DROPDOWN--> <div class="dropdown show-outline" id="hamburger"> <button id="eLabel" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <i class="fas fa-bars fa-lg"></i> </button> </div><!--END DROPDOWN--> <div class="input-group" id="mobile-search"> <input id="search-2" type="text" class="dcb-search form-control" placeholder="Recherche" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button data-target="#search-2" class="dcb-search btn btn-default" type="button" data-brx-ls="template_go_mobile">Chercher</button> </span> </div><!-- /input-group --> <!-- insert#main-menu-items 0 Element 110 --> <li class=""><a href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=2177" title="English Version">English</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/fr/" title="Accueil">Accueil</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/fr/fil_de_nouvelles.html" title="Nouvelles">Nouvelles</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/fr/a_notre_sujet.php" title="À notre sujet">À notre sujet</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/fr/contactez_nous_general.php" title="Contactez-nous">Contactez-nous</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/fr/contactez_nous_infolettre.php" title="Infolettre">Infolettre</a></li> <li class=""><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ulaval.ca/fondation/faire-un-don/fonds.html?fonds=280&recherche=dictionnaire%2Bbiographi" title="Faire un don">Faire un don</a></li> <!-- insert#main-menu-items 1 Element 110 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <!--FACEBOOK TWITTER NAVBAR LINKS--> <li><a class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/dbc_dcb" title="Suivez-nous sur Twitter" data-brx-ls="template_follow_twitter"></a></li> <li><a class="fab fa-facebook fa-lg" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/dictionnairebiographiqueducanada" title="Suivez-nous sur Facebook" data-brx-ls="template_follow_facebook"></a></li> <!-- <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return showLogin();" title="Log in to My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_login">Log In</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:0" class="topmenu-login-no" onclick="return ajaxRegister();" title="Register for free for My DCB: you can save biographies and searches to a personal list" data-brx-ls="template_register">Register</a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(0)" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" onclick="return ajaxLogout();" title="Log out of My DCB" data-brx-ls="template_logout">Log out</a></li> <li><a href="/en/mydcb/" data-brx-dyn="show:logged-in:1" class="topmenu-login-yes" title="Your personal page, where you can save favourite biographies and searches" data-brx-ls="template_my_dcb">My DCB</a></li> --> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> <!-- END Top nav content --> <!-- START Header content --> <div id="row-top-section" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row" id="row-breadcrumbs"> <div id="breadcrumbs" class="col-sm-12" data-brx-ls="template_breadcrumbs">Chemin de navigation</div> </div> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode --> <div class="row reader-mode" id="row-logo"> <div class="col-sm-7" id="col-logo"> <a href="/fr/" data-brx-ls="template_home" title="Dictionnaire biographique du Canada"><img class="responsive" alt="Dictionnaire biographique du Canada" src="/img/dcb_fr.svg" data-brx-ls="template_home"></a> </div> <div class="col-sm-5" id="col-search"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row" id="search"> <input type="text" id="simple-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Recherche" data-brx-ls="template_search"></input> <span data-target="#simple-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="float-right" id="tools"> <!-- start standard tools menu --> <nav class="navbar navbar-tools navbar navbar-default"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar"> <li><a href="/fr/explorer.php" title="Explorer le contenu par catégories" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-th-list"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse_span">Explorer</span></a></li> <li><a href="/fr/recherche.php" title="Utiliser des fonctions avancées telles que les opérateurs booléens et les limiteurs de champs" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search_span">Recherche avancée</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return startReaderMode();" title="En mode lecture, vous ne voyez que la barre de navigation et le bas de page. Pour revenir au mode par défaut, cliquez sur Sortir du mode lecture, en haut à gauche." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Mode lecture</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Version imprimable" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <!-- end standard tools menu --> </div><!-- #tools --> </div><!-- .row --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> </div><!-- #col-search --> </div><!-- #row-logo --> </div><!-- #row-top-section --> <!-- END Header content --> <!-- Element 111 112 113 --> <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/fr/ajax/announcements.php"> </div> <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row mobile-logo"> <div class="col-md-12"> <!-- Element 114 115 --> <a href="/fr/"><img src="/img/dcb_fr_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump"> <!-- insert#jump-link 0 element 116 --> <!-- insert#jump-link 1 element 116 --> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar"> <div id="sidebar-inner"> <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Recherche" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input> <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <!-- custom:dynamic_feed_6:mobile_menu Element 120 --> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 0 Element 120 --> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=2177" title="English Version"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">English</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/" title="Accueil"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Accueil</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/fil_de_nouvelles.html" title="Nouvelles"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Nouvelles</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/a_notre_sujet.php" title="À notre sujet"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">À notre sujet</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/contactez_nous_general.php" title="Contactez-nous"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contactez-nous</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/contactez_nous_infolettre.php" title="Infolettre"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Infolettre</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ulaval.ca/fondation/faire-un-don/fonds.html?fonds=280&recherche=dictionnaire%2Bbiographi" title="Faire un don"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Faire un don</button></a> </div> </div> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 1 Element 120 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <!-- sidebar-inner --> <!-- nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- Element 550. section-* tags are used to set style to display:none; if the section is not used for the page. --> <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#outline-description content#outline-caption element 131 132 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Sommaire">Sommaire</a> <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- listgroup syntax :: listgroup:data_source:format format parameter may be all, start, end, li Regardless of format, each generates list items from data_source. Formats allow us to construct a single list group from multiple sources, to add custom li elements all prints <ul class="list-group"> then the items then </ul> start -> ul, li0...liN, end-> li0...liN, /ul li -> just li0...liN --> <!-- insert#outline-content 0 Element 130 --> <!-- insert#outline-content 1 Element 130 --> <!-- {{example:0}} simple --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-outline-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!-- END nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> --> <section style="display:none;"> <!-- insert#outline-full-html 0 Element 130 --> <!-- insert#outline-full-html 1 Element 130 --> </section> <!-- </nav> --> <!--JANUARY 18 2021 JB --> <!-- nav THEMES --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-special-description content#bio-special-caption Element 141 142 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-special-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="bio-special-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 140 --> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 0 Element 140 --> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 1 Element 140 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-special-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-topics-description content#bio-topics-caption Element 151 152 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 150 --> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 0 Element 150 --> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 1 Element 150 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" role="presentation"> <!-- title#related-bios-description content#related-bios-caption Element 161 162 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 160 --> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 0 Element 160 --> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 1 Element 160 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav THEMES --> <!-- nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-1" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-history-description content#bio-history-caption Element 171 172 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-1" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title=""></a> <div id="doc-history-1" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 170 --> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 0 Element 170 --> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 1 Element 170 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- nav metadata --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-identifiers" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-identifiers-description content#metadata-identifiers-caption Element 181 182 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-identifiers" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="doc-history-2-identifiers" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 180 --> <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 0 Element 180 --> <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 1 Element 180 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-birth" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-birth-description content#metadata-birth-caption Element 191 192 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-birth" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="doc-history-2-birth" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 0 Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 1 Element 190 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-activity" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-activity-description content#metadata-activity-caption Element 201 202 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-activity" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title=""></a> <div id="doc-history-2-activity" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 200 --> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 0 Element 200 --> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 1 Element 200 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav metadata --> <!-- nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="display:none;" id="sidebar-social-1"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-fr st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Partager</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweeter</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- nav RED --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="sidebar-main-menu" class="dcb-generic-sidebar dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-red"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"><a href="/fr/nouvelles_biographies.html" title="Nouvelles biographies" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_new_bios">Nouvelles biographies</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="/fr/biographies_mises_a_jour.html" title="Biographies modifiées" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_updated_bios">Biographies modifiées</a></li> <li role="presentation"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelBioOfTheDay" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Lisez l&#x27;histoire d&#x27;un personnage né ou mort ce jour" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd">Biographie du jour</a> <div id="panelBioOfTheDay" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="botd-dynamic feed-item-sidebar" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/fr/ajax/botd.php"> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--feed-item-sidebar--> <div class="see-all"> <strong><a href="/fr/bio_du_jour.html" class="see-all" title="Voir les biographies du jour précédentes" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd_all">Voir les précédentes</a></strong> </div><!--see-all--> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelBioOfTheDay --> </li> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#special-project-description content#special-project-caption Element 211 212 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelSpecialProjects" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Thèmes importants de l’histoire canadienne et modules éducatifs, préparés et présentés par des collaborateurs et des rédacteurs du DBC/DCB">Thèmes, essais et ressources</a> <div id="panelSpecialProjects" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup-items Element 210 --> <ul class="list-group"> <!-- insert#special-project-items 0 Element 210 --> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_1812.html" title="La guerre de 1812">La guerre de 1812</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_1re_guerre_mondiale.html" title="La Première Guerre mondiale">La 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<div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-fr st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Partager</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweeter</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 2 --> </ul> </nav> </div> </div><!-- /#sidebar --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 content-area" id="content-area"> <!-- page-content used when bio not published and non-bio pages --> <!-- insert#page-content 0 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col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <h2>Autres ressources</h2> <div class='related-item col-xs-12'> <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20241109173338/https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/index.fr.html' title='Archives de la Compagnie de la Baie d&amp;#39;Hudson | Archives du Manitoba'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a> <a target="_blank" href='http://web.archive.org/web/20241109173338/https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/index.fr.html' title='Archives de la Compagnie de la Baie d&amp;#39;Hudson | Archives du Manitoba'>Archives de la Compagnie de la Baie d&#39;Hudson | Archives du Manitoba</a>. <!-- debug d=Ce contenu n&#39;est plus h&eacute;berg&eacute; de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Nous fournissons un lien vers sa version originale archiv&eacute;e pour faciliter vos recherches. --> <span class='action-alt-text' href='javascript:void(0)' data-alternate='https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/index.fr.html' title='Ce contenu n&#39;est plus h&eacute;berg&eacute; de fa&ccedil;on permanente. Nous fournissons un lien vers sa version originale archiv&eacute;e pour faciliter vos recherches. '>Contenu archivé le </span>9 nov. 2024 </div> <div class='related-item col-xs-12'> <a target="_blank" href='http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=7389&type=pge#.WpA94q7iaUk' title='Compagnie de la Baie d&#039;Hudson - R&eacute;pertoire du patrimoine culturel du Qu&eacute;bec'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a> <a target="_blank" href='http://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=7389&type=pge#.WpA94q7iaUk' title='Compagnie de la Baie d&#039;Hudson - R&eacute;pertoire du patrimoine culturel du Qu&eacute;bec'>Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec</a> </div> <div class='related-item col-xs-12'> <a target="_blank" href='https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_de_la_Baie_d%27Hudson' title='Compagnie de la Baie d&#039;Hudson &mdash; Wikip&eacute;dia'><span><img src='/img/related-logos/logo-wiki-fr_w50.png'></span></a> <a target="_blank" href='https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_de_la_Baie_d%27Hudson' title='Compagnie de la Baie d&#039;Hudson &mdash; Wikip&eacute;dia'>Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson — Wikipédia</a> </div> <div class='related-item col-xs-12'> <a target="_blank" href='http://www.museedelhistoire.ca/blog/fondation-de-la-compagnie-de-la-baie-dhudson/' title='Fondation de la Compagnie de la Baie d&rsquo;Hudson | Mus&eacute;e canadien de l&#039;histoire'><span><img src='/img/placeholder_generic_w50.jpg'></span></a> <a target="_blank" href='http://www.museedelhistoire.ca/blog/fondation-de-la-compagnie-de-la-baie-dhudson/' title='Fondation de la Compagnie de la Baie d&rsquo;Hudson | Mus&eacute;e canadien de l&#039;histoire'>Fondation de la Compagnie de la Baie d’Hudson | Musée canadien de l'histoire</a> </div> </div> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> <!-- insert#page-content 1 Element 240 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="display:none;" id="summary" class="summary bio"> <!-- 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