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list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Pierre DELATTRE</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> et <span rel="author">Alain de LIBERA</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">10 429 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>La notion d'analogie a connu une telle fortune qu'il semble presque impossible de lui conférer une <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Traditionnellement, définir, c'est expliciter, lorsqu'il s'agit d'un mot, et, lorsqu'il s'agit d'un être, c'est lui assigner un statut ; on définit par genre prochain et différence spécifique : « La rose est une fleur d'églantier dont les étamines sont devenues pétales. ». Cela présuppose :. sur le plan ontologique , le primat métaphysique de la substance première, indépend..." title="Article : DÉFINITION" href="/encyclopedie/definition/">définition</a> dépourvue d'équivoque. Son usage premier, en mathématique pythagoricienne, ne présageait aucun glissement : elle était la formule ramenant des termes inégaux proportionnellement comparés...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/expression-philosophie/"> <span class="rg">EXPRESSION, </span><em class="it">philosophie</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Françoise ARMENGAUD</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">992 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Ensemble de données perceptives offertes par un être à un moment donné du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Chacun sait à quel aspect de son expérience répond le mot de temps ; mais aucune définition de la notion correspondante n'a reçu jusqu'ici, chez les savants comme chez les philosophes, une approbation unanime. Sensible à cette difficulté qu'il jugeait caractéristique de toutes les notions premières, Pascal estimait que le temps est de ces choses qu'il est impossible et même inutile de..." title="Article : TEMPS" href="/encyclopedie/temps/">temps</a> et qui fonctionnent comme des signes manifestant, révélant ou trahissant les émotions, les sentiments et les intentions de cet être.</p><p>Les sources historiques du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Les théories de la connaissance s'accordent généralement à reconnaître qu'il y a essentiellement, dans l'être humain, deux modes de connaissances de la réalité, l'un qui porte directement sur le concret, saisi dans sa singularité, l'autre qui n'atteint le réel qu'à travers des déterminations de caractère abstrait (séparées des individus concrets en lesquels elles peuvent éventu..." title="Article : CONCEPT" href="/encyclopedie/concept/">concept</a> d'expression appartiennent à la...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/inde-arts-et-culture-les-doctrines-philosophiques-et-religieuses/"> <span class="rg">INDE </span><span class="rm">(Arts et culture) - Les doctrines philosophiques et religieuses</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean FILLIOZAT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">16 665 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : INDE (Arts et culture) - Les doctrines philosophiques et religieuses" href="/encyclopedie/inde-arts-et-culture-les-doctrines-philosophiques-et-religieuses/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Yoga - crédits : fotofojanini/ istock/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/7/csm_ph996716_e451610fae.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Les littératures philosophiques de l'Inde sont parmi les plus variées et les plus abondantes du monde ; elles correspondent à une production ininterrompue depuis la fin du deuxième millénaire avant notre ère jusqu'à nos jours et dans une aire culturelle immense. Elles se sont d'autre part largement répandues...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/ineffable/"> <span class="rg">INEFFABLE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Henry DUMÉRY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">419 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> « Ce dont on ne peut parler, soutenait Wittgenstein, il faut le taire » ; car l'inexprimable, le mystique, se montre et ne se dit pas. Un indicible dont il n'y aurait ni ostension ni expression ne serait pas seulement ineffable, il serait inexistant. De toute façon, il y a quelque chose de dérisoire...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/jugement/"> <span class="rg">JUGEMENT</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Noël MOULOUD</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 872 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Le jugement est l'acte de la pensée qui affirme ou nie, et qui ainsi pose le vrai ; plus largement, c'est le point d'arrêt d'un problème, qui s'achève dans une décision. L'existence du jugement est donc au point de rencontre de multiples approches, celles de la logique, de la ...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/langage-notions-de-base/"> <span class="rg">LANGAGE </span><span class="rm">(notions de base)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Philippe GRANAROLO</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 317 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> La <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'intérêt pour la langue est un trait dominant de la philosophie contemporaine. Non que nos contemporains soient les premiers à découvrir le langage. Celui-ci a toujours été à la place d'honneur dans la philosophie, tant il est vrai que la compréhension que l'homme prend de lui-même et de son monde s'articule et s'exprime dans le langage ; les sophistes grecs sont sans doute les p..." title="Article : PHILOSOPHIES DU LANGAGE" href="/encyclopedie/philosophies-du-langage/">philosophie</a> a du mal à trouver un juste équilibre dans son rapport au <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'intérêt pour la langue est un trait dominant de la philosophie contemporaine. Non que nos contemporains soient les premiers à découvrir le langage. Celui-ci a toujours été à la place d'honneur dans la philosophie, tant il est vrai que la compréhension que l'homme prend de lui-même et de son monde s'articule et s'exprime dans le langage ; les sophistes grecs sont sans doute les p..." title="Article : PHILOSOPHIES DU LANGAGE" href="/encyclopedie/philosophies-du-langage/">langage</a>. 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Jullien/ AKG Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/3/csm_ph020176_571f4ff635.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>L'intérêt pour la langue est un trait dominant de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Nul ne se demande « pourquoi des mathématiciens ? », dès lors que les mathématiques sont reconnues comme science. Mais « pourquoi des philosophes ? » ne revient pas à la question beaucoup plus classique « pourquoi la philosophie ? » à laquelle il est habituellement répondu par quelques variations sur un thème aristotélicien : argumenter contre une philosophie est encore phi..." title="Article : PHILOSOPHIE" href="/encyclopedie/philosophie/">philosophie</a> contemporaine. Non que nos contemporains soient les premiers à découvrir le langage. Celui-ci a toujours été à la place d'honneur dans la philosophie, tant il est vrai que la compréhension que l'homme prend de lui-même et de son...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/logique-indienne/"> <span class="rg">LOGIQUE INDIENNE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Kuno LORENZ</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 572 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Les questions de raisonnement logique occupent une place aussi importante dans la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Nul ne se demande « pourquoi des mathématiciens ? », dès lors que les mathématiques sont reconnues comme science. Mais « pourquoi des philosophes ? » ne revient pas à la question beaucoup plus classique « pourquoi la philosophie ? » à laquelle il est habituellement répondu par quelques variations sur un thème aristotélicien : argumenter contre une philosophie est encore phi..." title="Article : PHILOSOPHIE" href="/encyclopedie/philosophie/">philosophie</a> indienne, d'un bout à l'autre de son histoire, que dans la tradition occidentale. Ce n'est que dans les années 1930 que la plupart des Occidentaux ont fini par reconnaître ce fait, dont l'étude reste encore...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/metalangue-et-metalangage/"> <span class="rg">MÉTALANGUE & MÉTALANGAGE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Robert SCTRICK</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">646 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Toute science est tentée de se constituer un savoir sur les outils qu'elle emploie : dès lors que l'on parle, dans n'importe quel langage, sur un autre langage, il y a un phénomène de métalangage. Lorsque ce langage second est organisé lui-même et forme un tout, c'est une métalangue. Si Hilbert...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/nom/"> <span class="rg">NOM</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Françoise ARMENGAUD</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">7 092 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>L'analyse grammaticale distinguait les noms communs et les noms propres. Les premiers correspondent, selon l'analyse logique classique, aux termes généraux qui se disent de plusieurs, et les seconds aux termes singuliers qui ne se disent que d'un seul. Si la problématique des noms communs se résorbe...</p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col mt-3"> <ul class="d-print-none pagination justify-content-center"> <li class="page-item active"> <span class="page-link">1</span> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/philosophie/philosophie-du-langage/2/"> 2 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/philosophie/philosophie-du-langage/3/"> 3 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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