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Beschikbaar in 64 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9" title="دكتور في الفلسفة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دكتور في الفلسفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" title="Philosophiæ doctor – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Philosophiæ doctor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99ls%C9%99f%C9%99_doktoru" title="Fəlsəfə doktoru – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəlsəfə doktoru" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%96" title="Доктар філасофіі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Доктар філасофіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%96" title="Доктар філязофіі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Доктар філязофіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Доктор по философия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Доктор по философия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="पीएचडी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीएचडी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF" title="ডক্টর অব ফিলোসফি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডক্টর অব ফিলোসফি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" title="Philosophiæ doctor – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Philosophiæ doctor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.D." title="Ph.D. – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ph.D." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.d." title="Ph.d. – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ph.d." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph.D." title="Ph.D. – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ph.D." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktoro_de_filozofio" title="Doktoro de filozofio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Doktoro de filozofio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_en_Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Doctor en Filosofía – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Doctor en Filosofía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosoofiadoktor" title="Filosoofiadoktor – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Filosoofiadoktor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="پی‌اچ‌دی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پی‌اچ‌دی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofian_tohtori" title="Filosofian tohtori – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filosofian tohtori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" title="Philosophiæ doctor – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philosophiæ doctor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9im_docht%C3%BAra" title="Céim dochtúra – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Céim dochtúra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat-ho%CC%8Dk_Pok-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Chat-ho̍k Pok-sṳ – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chat-ho̍k Pok-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="דוקטור לפילוסופיה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוקטור לפילוסופיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="पीएचडी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीएचडी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhD" title="PhD – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PhD" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_Filsafat" title="Doktor Filsafat – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Doktor Filsafat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_Doctor" title="Philosophiae Doctor – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Philosophiae Doctor" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottorato_di_ricerca" title="Dottorato di ricerca – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dottorato di ricerca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფილოსოფიის დოქტორი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილოსოფიის დოქტორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhD-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="PhD-доктор – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="PhD-доктор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99%EB%B0%95%EC%82%AC" title="철학박사 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="철학박사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_doctor" title="Philosophiae doctor – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Philosophiae doctor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Доктор на науки – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Доктор на науки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡോക്ടറേറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡോക്ടറേറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="विद्यावाचस्पती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्यावाचस्पती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_Falsafah" title="Doktor Falsafah – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Doktor Falsafah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="विद्यावारिधी – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्यावारिधी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofisk_doktorgrad" title="Filosofisk doktorgrad – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filosofisk doktorgrad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%80" title="ਡਾਕਟਰ ਆਫ਼ ਫਿਲਾਸਫੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਾਕਟਰ ਆਫ਼ ਫਿਲਾਸਫੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86_%DA%88%DB%8C" title="پی ایچ ڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پی ایچ ڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%90_%DA%89%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="د فلسفې ډاکتر – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د فلسفې ډاکتر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutor_em_filosofia" title="Doutor em filosofia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Doutor em filosofia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_doctor" title="Philosophiæ doctor – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Philosophiæ doctor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Доктор философии – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Доктор философии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutturi_di_Filusuf%C3%ACa" title="Dutturi di Filusufìa – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dutturi di Filusufìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%A7%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A" title="ڊاڪٽر آف فلاسفي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊاڪٽر آف فلاسفي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA" title="දර්ශන ආචාර්ය – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දර්ශන ආචාර්ය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_(PhD.)" title="Doktor (PhD.) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Doktor (PhD.)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_i_Filozofis%C3%AB" title="Doktor i Filozofisë – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Doktor i Filozofisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofie_doktor" title="Filosofie doktor – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Filosofie doktor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzamivu" title="Uzamivu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uzamivu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="முனைவர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முனைவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%80" title="డాక్టర్ ఆఫ్ ఫిలాసఫీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డాక్టర్ ఆఫ్ ఫిలాసఫీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="ปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktora_derecesi" title="Doktora derecesi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doktora derecesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%97" title="Доктор філософії – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Доктор філософії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%82%D9%90_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%81" title="علامۂِ فلسفہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علامۂِ فلسفہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Doctor of Philosophy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="哲学博士 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哲学博士" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფილოსოფიაშ დოქტორი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფილოსოფიაშ დოქტორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="דאקטאר (פילאסאפיע) – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאקטאר (פילאסאפיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="哲學博士 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哲學博士" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="哲學博士 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哲學博士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Doctor of Philosophy</b> (afkorting: <i>PhD</i> (<a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Brits</a>) of <i>Ph.D.</i> (<a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Amerikaans</a>), <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijn</a>: <i>Philosophiae Doctor</i>) is een <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Anglo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Amerikaanse</a> variant op de <a href="/wiki/Academische_graad" title="Academische graad">academische titel</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor" title="Doctor">doctor</a>. Het is in veel landen de hoogste academische graad. Philosophy omvat hier de bredere en originele betekenis van het <a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Oudgriekse</a> woord <i>philosophia</i> (φιλοσοφία), wat letterlijk betekent liefde voor wijsheid en later alle vakken betrof die voortkwamen uit de (natuur)filosofie. In <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oxford" title="Universiteit van Oxford">Oxford</a> heet een PhD ook wel een DPhil.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De graad van PhD kan alleen verkregen worden door het verrichten van onderzoek en het verdedigen van een hierop gebaseerde thesis, vergelijkbaar met de <a href="/wiki/Doctoraat" title="Doctoraat">doctoraat</a>sthesis op basis van <a href="/wiki/Wetenschappelijke_promotie" title="Wetenschappelijke promotie">promotieonderzoek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a>. Anders dan in deze twee landen is het voor de Angelsaksische PhD niet nodig een openbaar boek of wetenschappelijke artikelen te publiceren: die kan zich beperken tot een interne scriptie met besloten examen. </p><p>Het gebruik van de aanduiding PhD is al langere tijd niet ongewoon onder <a href="/wiki/Wetenschapper" title="Wetenschapper">wetenschappers</a> in Nederland en België omdat deze leidt tot betere herkenning buiten deze landen. PhD is sinds januari 2021 ook een Nederlandse graad en titel die wettelijk met de titel doctor en graad Doctor is gelijkgesteld. Sinds 2021 mag een gepromoveerde kiezen tussen het voeren van de traditionele titel dr. voor de naam dan wel de titel PhD achter de naam.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/Dienst_Uitvoering_Onderwijs" title="Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs">Dienst Uitvoering Onderwijs</a> kan namens de minister van onderwijs toestemming verlenen tot het voeren van de Nederlandse titel doctor (dr.) op basis van een in het buitenland verkregen PhD graad, dit op grond van art. 7.23a lid 3 van de WHW.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Vlaanderen is de titel PhD al sinds 2013 gelijkgesteld aan de titel doctor: wie in Vlaanderen is gepromoveerd mag naar keuze een van beide titels voeren; wie in een ander land is gepromoveerd mag de titel voeren volgens de regels van het land waar de graad is verleend, met toevoeging van de naam van de universiteit die de graad heeft verleend.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Voor de aanduiding van een <a href="/wiki/Promovendus" title="Promovendus">promovendus</a> of doctoraatsstudent (België) is door deze ontwikkelingen de term PhD-student gebruikelijker geworden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctor_of_Philosophy&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctor_of_Philosophy&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurodoc.net/">Eurodoc</a> - Europese organisatie voor promovendi en gepromoveerden.</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uni-of-oxford.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/185">'What is a DPhil?'</a>, <i>University of Oxford</i> 2 oktober 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306004544/https://uni-of-oxford.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/185">Gearchiveerd</a> op 6 maart 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wetten.overheid.nl/jci1.3:c:BWBR0005682&hoofdstuk=7&titeldeel=1&paragraaf=4&artikel=7.22&z=2021-01-01&g=2021-01-01">WHW 7.22 Aanduiding graden Doctor, Doctor of Philosophy of Doctor honoris causa in de naamsvermelding</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wetten.overheid.nl/jci1.3:c:BWBR0005682&hoofdstuk=7&titeldeel=1&paragraaf=4&artikel=7.23a&z=2019-02-01&g=2019-02-01">WHW Art. 7.23a lid 3 Het voeren van een graad of titel op grond van een examen in verband met een buiten Nederland geaccrediteerde opleiding</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2013"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data-onderwijs.vlaanderen.be/edulex/document.aspx?docid=13425">Decreet betreffende de herstructurering van het hoger onderwijs in Vlaanderen</a>. Edulex (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2013-09-02">2 september 2013</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111045436/http://data-onderwijs.vlaanderen.be/edulex/document.aspx?docid=13425">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-01-11">11 januari 2016</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2013-09-27">27 september 2013</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud 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