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id="toc-Ike_and_Tina_Turner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins:_1956–1960" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins:_1956–1960"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Origins: 1956–1960 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins:_1956–1960-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_success:_1960–1965" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_success:_1960–1965"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Early success: 1960–1965 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_success:_1960–1965-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mainstream_success:_1966–1975" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mainstream_success:_1966–1975"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mainstream success: 1966–1975 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mainstream_success:_1966–1975-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Split:_1976" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split:_1976"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Split: 1976 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Split:_1976-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solo_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solo_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Solo career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Solo_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Solo career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Solo_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_solo_career:_1976–1982" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_solo_career:_1976–1982"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Early solo career: 1976–1982 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_solo_career:_1976–1982-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_resurgence_and_superstardom:_1983–2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_resurgence_and_superstardom:_1983–2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Career resurgence and superstardom: 1983–2000 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_resurgence_and_superstardom:_1983–2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career:_2001–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career:_2001–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Later career: 2001–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career:_2001–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationships_and_marriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_and_marriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Relationships and marriages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships_and_marriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Early relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ike_Turner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ike_Turner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Ike Turner </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ike_Turner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erwin_Bach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erwin_Bach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 Erwin Bach </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erwin_Bach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Children </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Religious beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residences,_citizenship,_and_wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residences,_citizenship,_and_wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Residences, citizenship, and wealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residences,_citizenship,_and_wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Illness and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_legacy_and_accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_legacy_and_accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Musical legacy and accolades </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Musical_legacy_and_accolades-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Musical legacy and accolades subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Musical_legacy_and_accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards,_honors_and_achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards,_honors_and_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Awards, honors and achievements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards,_honors_and_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Discography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Discography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Studio_albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studio_albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Studio albums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studio_albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Tours </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tours subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_opening_act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_opening_act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 As opening act </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_opening_act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tina Turner</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" > 94 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تينا ترنر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تينا ترنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_T%C3%B6rner" title="Tina Törner – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tina Törner" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تینا ترنر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تینا ترنر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ціна Цёрнер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ціна Цёрнер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Тына Тэрнэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тына Тэрнэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Тина Търнър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тина Търнър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%A4%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Τίνα Τέρνερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τίνα Τέρνερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تینا ترنر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تینا ترنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%82%98_%ED%84%B0%EB%84%88" title="티나 터너 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티나 터너" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D4%B9%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թինա Թըրներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թինա Թըրներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="טינה טרנר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טינה טרנר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ტინა ტერნერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტინა ტერნერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тина Тернер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тина Тернер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тина Тӧрнер – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тина Тӧрнер" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABna_T%C4%93rnere" title="Tīna Tērnere – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tīna Tērnere" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тина Тарнер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тина Тарнер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BC" title="ടിന ടർണർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടിന ടർണർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تينا تيرنر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تينا تيرنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Тина Төрнэр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тина Төрнэр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="ティナ・ターナー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティナ・ターナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тина Тёрнер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тина Тёрнер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тина Төрнер – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тина Төрнер" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тина Тарнер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тина Тарнер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ทีนา เทอร์เนอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทีนา เทอร์เนอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тіна Тернер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тіна Тернер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ٹینا ٹرنر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹینا ٹرنر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3" title="蒂娜·特纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒂娜·特纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tina Turner" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tina Turner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Tina_turner_21021985_01_350.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Turner holding a microphone during a performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tina_turner_21021985_01_350.jpg/220px-Tina_turner_21021985_01_350.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tina_turner_21021985_01_350.jpg/330px-Tina_turner_21021985_01_350.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Tina_turner_21021985_01_350.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="533" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Turner in 1985</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Anna Mae Bullock</div> (1939-11-26)November 26, 1939 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Brownsville, Tennessee, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 24, 2023(2023-05-24) (aged 83) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnacht" title="Küsnacht">Küsnacht</a>, Zurich, Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Martha Nell Turner<a href="#cite_note-Contract-1">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-HA-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heritage_Auctions-1978-3">[2]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research?</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>United States (until 2013)</li><li>Switzerland (from 2013)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Singer</li> <li>songwriter</li> <li>actress</li> <li>author</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1956–2021</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner_discography" title="Tina Turner discography">Full discography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1962; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1978)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Erwin Bach</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2013)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4<a href="#cite_note-Tina_Turner:_Singer-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alline_Bullock" title="Alline Bullock">Alline Bullock</a> (sister)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Afida_Turner" title="Afida Turner">Afida Turner</a> (daughter-in-law)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Bridges" title="Eugene Bridges">Eugene Bridges</a> (first cousin once removed)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tina_Turner" title="List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument</th><td class="infobox-data note">Vocals</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonja_Records" title="Sonja Records">Sonja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeii_Records" title="Pompeii Records">Pompeii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tinaturnerofficial.com">tinaturnerofficial.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Tina_Turner_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tina_Turner_signature.svg/150px-Tina_Turner_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tina_Turner_signature.svg/225px-Tina_Turner_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tina_Turner_signature.svg/300px-Tina_Turner_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="237" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939 – May 24, 2023) was a singer, songwriter, and actress. Known as the "<a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Queen of Rock 'n' Roll</a>", she rose to prominence as the lead singer of the husband-wife duo <a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a> before launching a successful career as a solo performer. Turner began her musical career with her future husband <a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a>'s band, the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Rhythm" title="Kings of Rhythm">Kings of Rhythm</a>, in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-Gleason-1969-7">[6]</a> Under the name Little Ann, she appeared on her first record, "<a href="/wiki/Boxtop_(song)" title="Boxtop (song)">Boxtop</a>", in 1958. In 1960, she debuted as Tina Turner with the hit single "<a href="/wiki/A_Fool_in_Love" title="A Fool in Love">A Fool in Love</a>". The Ike & Tina Turner Revue became "one of the most formidable live acts in history".<a href="#cite_note-R&R_Hall_of_Fame-2021-8">[7]</a> The duo released hits such as "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Gonna_Work_Out_Fine" title="It's Gonna Work Out Fine">It's Gonna Work Out Fine</a>", "<a href="/wiki/River_Deep_%E2%80%93_Mountain_High" title="River Deep – Mountain High">River Deep – Mountain High</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Proud_Mary" title="Proud Mary">Proud Mary</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Nutbush_City_Limits" title="Nutbush City Limits">Nutbush City Limits</a>" before disbanding in 1976. In the 1980s, Turner launched "one of the greatest comebacks in music history".<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Her 1984 <a href="/wiki/Multi-platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-platinum">multi-platinum</a> album <a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer" title="Private Dancer">Private Dancer</a> contained the hit song "<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>", which won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Grammy Award for Record of the Year</a> and became her first and only number-one song on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a>. Her chart success continued with "<a href="/wiki/Better_Be_Good_to_Me" title="Better Be Good to Me">Better Be Good to Me</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Private Dancer (Tina Turner song)">Private Dancer</a>", "<a href="/wiki/We_Don%27t_Need_Another_Hero_(Thunderdome)" title="We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)">We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Typical_Male" title="Typical Male">Typical Male</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Best_(song)" title="The Best (song)">The Best</a>", "<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Wanna_Fight" title="I Don't Wanna Fight">I Don't Wanna Fight</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/GoldenEye_(song)" title="GoldenEye (song)">GoldenEye</a>". She embarked on the <a href="/wiki/Break_Every_Rule_World_Tour" title="Break Every Rule World Tour">Break Every Rule World Tour</a> (1987–1988), which became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours#1980s" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours">top-grossing female tour of the 1980s</a> and set a <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness World Record">Guinness World Record</a> for the then-<a href="/wiki/List_of_most-attended_concerts" title="List of most-attended concerts">largest paying audience</a> in a concert (180,000).<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Turner also acted in the films <a href="/wiki/Tommy_(1975_film)" title="Tommy (1975 film)">Tommy</a> (1975) and <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_Beyond_Thunderdome" title="Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome">Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome</a> (1985). In 1986, she published her autobiography <a href="/wiki/I,_Tina" title="I, Tina">I, Tina: My Life Story</a>, which was adapted for the 1993 film <a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>. In 2009, Turner retired after completing her <a href="/wiki/Tina!:_50th_Anniversary_Tour" title="Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour">Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour</a>. In 2018, she was the subject of <a href="/wiki/Tina_(musical)" title="Tina (musical)">Tina</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">jukebox musical</a>. Turner sold more than 100 million records worldwide, becoming one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">best-selling recording artists of all time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> She received 12 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, which include eight competitive awards, a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</a> inductions. She was the first black artist and first woman to be on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_United_States_cover_of_Rolling_Stone_(1960s)" title="List of people on the United States cover of Rolling Stone (1960s)">cover of Rolling Stone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-New-12">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> ranked her among the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">100 Greatest Artists of All Time</a> and the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. Turner has a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> and on the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Walk_of_Fame" title="St. Louis Walk of Fame">St. Louis Walk of Fame</a>. She was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> twice: with Ike Turner in 1991 and as a solo artist in 2021. She was also a 2005 recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Year_Lunch" title="Women of the Year Lunch">Women of the Year award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Turner was born Anna Mae Bullock<a href="#cite_note-14">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-HA-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heritage_Auctions-1978-3">[2]</a> on November 26, 1939, in <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Tennessee" title="Brownsville, Tennessee">Brownsville, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder19864-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fong-Torres-1971-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> She was the youngest daughter of Floyd Richard Bullock and his wife Zelma Priscilla (née Currie).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder19864-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> The family lived in the rural <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated community">unincorporated community</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nutbush,_Tennessee" title="Nutbush, Tennessee">Nutbush, Tennessee</a>, where Bullock's father worked as an overseer of the <a href="/wiki/Sharecropping" title="Sharecropping">sharecroppers</a> at Poindexter Farm on <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_180" title="Tennessee State Route 180">Highway 180</a>; she later recalled picking cotton with her family at an early age.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorris200025–30-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008170-21">[19]</a> Bullock was <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a>, but she believed she had a significant amount of <a href="/wiki/Native_American_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American ancestry">Native American ancestry</a> until she participated in the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> series <a href="/wiki/African_American_Lives_2" class="mw-redirect" title="African American Lives 2">African American Lives 2</a> with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_Jr." title="Henry Louis Gates Jr.">Henry Louis Gates Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder19865–6-23">[21]</a> Gates shared her <a href="/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test" title="Genealogical DNA test">genealogical DNA test</a> estimates and traced her family timeline.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> Bullock had two older sisters, Evelyn Juanita Currie and <a href="/wiki/Alline_Bullock" title="Alline Bullock">Ruby Alline Bullock</a>, a songwriter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder19866-25">[23]</a> She was the first cousin once removed of bluesman <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Bridges" title="Eugene Bridges">Eugene Bridges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> As young children, the three sisters were separated when their parents relocated to <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville, Tennessee</a>, to work at a defense facility during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008170-21">[19]</a> Bullock went to stay with her strict, religious paternal grandparents, Alex and Roxanna Bullock, who were <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deaconess" title="Deaconess">deaconess</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Baptist_Church_and_Cemetery" title="Woodlawn Baptist Church and Cemetery">Woodlawn Missionary Baptist Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008170-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorris2000107-27">[25]</a> After the war, the sisters reunited with their parents and moved with them to Knoxville.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008170-21">[19]</a> Two years later, the family returned to Nutbush to live in the Flagg Grove community, where Bullock attended <a href="/wiki/Flagg_Grove_School" title="Flagg Grove School">Flagg Grove Elementary School</a> from first through eighth grade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates2005114-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorris200027-29">[27]</a> As a young girl, Bullock sang in the church choir at Nutbush's Spring Hill Baptist Church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorris200028-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008174-31">[29]</a> In 1950, when she was 11, her mother Zelma left without warning, seeking freedom from her abusive relationship with Floyd by relocating to <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171-32">[30]</a> Two years after her mother left the family, her father married another woman and moved to Detroit. Bullock and her sisters were sent to live with their maternal grandmother, Georgeanna Currie, in Brownsville, Tennessee.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171-32">[30]</a> She stated in her autobiography <a href="/wiki/I,_Tina" title="I, Tina">I, Tina</a> that she felt her parents did not love her and that she was not wanted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198610–11-33">[31]</a> Zelma had planned to leave Floyd but stayed once she became pregnant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200516-34">[32]</a> Bullock recalled: "She was a very young woman who didn't want another kid."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200516-34">[32]</a> As a teenager, Bullock worked as a <a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">domestic worker</a> for the Henderson family in <a href="/wiki/Ripley,_Tennessee" title="Ripley, Tennessee">Ripley, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198629-35">[33]</a> She was at the Henderson house when she was notified that her half-sister Evelyn had died in a car crash alongside her cousins Margaret and Vela Evans, while Vela survived the car crash.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200526–28-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198632-37">[35]</a> A self-professed tomboy, Bullock joined both the <a href="/wiki/Cheerleading" title="Cheerleading">cheerleading</a> squad and the female basketball team at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver_High_School_(Brownsville,_Tennessee)" title="George Washington Carver High School (Brownsville, Tennessee)">Carver High School</a> in Brownsville, and "socialized every chance she got".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorris200025–30-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171-32">[30]</a> When Bullock was 16, her grandmother died, so she went to live with her mother in St. Louis. She graduated from <a href="/wiki/Sumner_High_School_(St._Louis)" title="Sumner High School (St. Louis)">Sumner High School</a> in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> After high school, Bullock worked as a <a href="/wiki/Unlicensed_assistive_personnel" title="Unlicensed assistive personnel">nurse's aide</a> at <a href="/wiki/Barnes-Jewish_Hospital" title="Barnes-Jewish Hospital">Barnes-Jewish Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ike_and_Tina_Turner">Ike and Tina Turner</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ike and Tina Turner">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins:_1956–1960">Origins: 1956–1960</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins: 1956–1960">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:20em; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I would have been lost in my life at that point without him. I mean, I could do two things: work in a hospital or sing in Ike's band. I didn't know anything else. Or anyone else. And I wanted to sing. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Tina Turner (1986)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198659-40">[38]</a></cite> </div> Bullock and her sister began to perform frequently at nightclubs in St. Louis and <a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis,_Illinois" title="East St. Louis, Illinois">East St. Louis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171-32">[30]</a> She first saw <a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a> perform with his band the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Rhythm" title="Kings of Rhythm">Kings of Rhythm</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Club_Manhattan" title="Club Manhattan">Club Manhattan</a> in East St. Louis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171-32">[30]</a> Bullock was impressed by his talent, recalling that she "almost went into a trance" watching him play.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198640-41">[39]</a> She asked Turner to let her sing in his band despite the fact that few women had ever sung with him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008174-31">[29]</a> Turner said he would call her but never did.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199971-42">[40]</a> One night in 1956, Bullock got hold of the microphone from Kings of Rhythm drummer Eugene Washington during an <a href="/wiki/Intermission" title="Intermission">intermission</a> and she sang the <a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a> <a href="/wiki/Blues_ballad" title="Blues ballad">blues ballad</a>, "<a href="/wiki/You_Know_I_Love_You_(B.B._King_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="You Know I Love You (B.B. King song)">You Know I Love You</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Gleason-1969-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198662-43">[41]</a> Upon hearing Bullock sing, Ike Turner asked her if she knew more songs. She sang the rest of the night and became a featured vocalist with his band.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008175-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198662-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHasday199910-45">[43]</a> During this period, he taught her the finer points of vocal control and performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008175-44">[42]</a> Bullock's first recording was in 1958 under the name Little Ann on the single "<a href="/wiki/Boxtop_(song)" title="Boxtop (song)">Boxtop</a>". She is credited as a vocalist on the record alongside Ike and fellow Kings of Rhythm singer Carlson Oliver.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999253-46">[44]</a> In 1960, Ike Turner wrote "<a href="/wiki/A_Fool_in_Love" title="A Fool in Love">A Fool in Love</a>" for singer <a href="/wiki/Art_Lassiter" title="Art Lassiter">Art Lassiter</a>. Bullock was to sing background with Lassiter's backing vocalists, the Artettes. Lassiter failed to show up for the recording session at <a href="/wiki/Technisonic_Studios" title="Technisonic Studios">Technisonic Studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> Since Turner had already paid for the studio time, Bullock suggested that she sing the lead.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199973-49">[47]</a> He decided to use Bullock to record a demo with the intention of erasing her vocals and adding Lassiter's at a later date.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199973-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008175-44">[42]</a> Local St. Louis disc jockey <a href="/wiki/Dave_Dixon_(DJ)" title="Dave Dixon (DJ)">Dave Dixon</a> convinced Turner to send the tape to <a href="/wiki/Juggy_Murray" title="Juggy Murray">Juggy Murray</a>, president of R&B label <a href="/wiki/Sue_Records" title="Sue Records">Sue Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199974-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176-51">[49]</a> Upon hearing the song, Murray was impressed with Bullock's vocals, later stating that "Tina sounded like screaming dirt. It was a funky sound".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176-51">[49]</a> Murray bought the track and paid Turner a $25,000 advance for the recording and publishing rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollis200325-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000252-53">[51]</a> Murray also convinced Turner to make Bullock "the star of the show".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000252-53">[51]</a> Turner responded by renaming Bullock "Tina" because it rhymed with Sheena.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000253-54">[52]</a> He was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Sheena,_Queen_of_the_Jungle" title="Sheena, Queen of the Jungle">Sheena, Queen of the Jungle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nyoka_the_Jungle_Girl" title="Nyoka the Jungle Girl">Nyoka the Jungle Girl</a> to create her stage persona.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199935-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200563-56">[54]</a> Turner added his last name and trademarked the name "Tina Turner" as a form of protection; his idea was that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had, he could replace her with another "Tina Turner".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199974–75-57">[55]</a> However, family and friends still called her Ann.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999106–107-59">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_success:_1960–1965">Early success: 1960–1965</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early success: 1960–1965">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_-_Cash_Box_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_-_Cash_Box_1962.jpg/170px-Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_-_Cash_Box_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_-_Cash_Box_1962.jpg/255px-Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_-_Cash_Box_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_-_Cash_Box_1962.jpg/340px-Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_-_Cash_Box_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2641" data-file-height="3137" /></a><figcaption>Ike & Tina Turner on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Cashbox_(magazine)" title="Cashbox (magazine)">Cash Box</a>'s June 30, 1962, issue</figcaption></figure> Bullock was introduced to the public as Tina Turner with the single "<a href="/wiki/A_Fool_in_Love" title="A Fool in Love">A Fool in Love</a>" in July 1960.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200560–62-60">[58]</a> It reached No. 2 on the <a href="/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">Hot R&B Sides</a> chart and No. 27 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Hot 100</a>. Journalist <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Loder" title="Kurt Loder">Kurt Loder</a> described the track as "the <a href="/wiki/Black_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Black music">blackest record</a> to ever creep into the white pop charts since <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a>'s gospel-styled '<a href="/wiki/What%27d_I_Say" title="What'd I Say">What'd I Say</a>' that previous summer".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198679-61">[59]</a> Another single from the duo, "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Gonna_Work_Out_Fine" title="It's Gonna Work Out Fine">It's Gonna Work Out Fine</a>", reached No. 14 on the Hot 100 and No. 2 on the R&B chart in 1961, earning them a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy</a> nomination for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_Song" title="Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Song">Best Rock and Roll Performance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Music_VF-2019-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grammy-2018-63">[61]</a> Other singles Ike and Tina Turner released between 1960 and 1962 included the R&B hits "<a href="/wiki/I_Idolize_You" title="I Idolize You">I Idolize You</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Poor_Fool" title="Poor Fool">Poor Fool</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Tra_La_La_La_La" title="Tra La La La La">Tra La La La La</a>".<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> After the release of "A Fool in Love", Ike Turner created the Ike & Tina Turner Revue, which included the Kings of Rhythm and a girl group, <a href="/wiki/The_Ikettes" title="The Ikettes">the Ikettes</a>, as backing vocalists and dancers. He remained in the background as the bandleader. Ike Turner put the entire revue through a rigorous touring schedule across the United States, performing 90 days straight in venues around the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008179-65">[63]</a> During the days of the <a href="/wiki/Chitlin%27_Circuit" title="Chitlin' Circuit">Chitlin' Circuit</a>, the Ike & Tina Turner Revue built a reputation as "one of the hottest, most durable, and potentially most explosive of all R&B ensembles", rivaling the <a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a> Revue in terms of musical spectacle.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Due to their profitable performances, they were able to perform in front of desegregated audiences in <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> clubs and hotels.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-12-13-2007-67">[65]</a> Between 1963 and 1965, the band toured constantly and produced moderately successful R&B singles. Tina Turner's first credited single as a solo artist, "Too Many Ties That Bind"/"We Need an Understanding", was released from Ike Turner's label <a href="/wiki/Sonja_Records" title="Sonja Records">Sonja Records</a> in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> Another single by the duo, "<a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Miss_Nothing_That_You_Never_Had" title="You Can't Miss Nothing That You Never Had">You Can't Miss Nothing That You Never Had</a>", reached No. 29 on the Billboard R&B chart. After their tenure at Sue Records, the duo signed with more than ten labels during the remainder of the decade, including <a href="/wiki/Kent_Records" title="Kent Records">Kent</a>, Cenco, <a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Records_(1962)" title="Tangerine Records (1962)">Tangerine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pompeii_Records" title="Pompeii Records">Pompeii</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%26M_Records" title="A&M Records">A&M</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minit_Records" title="Minit Records">Minit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999261–264-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Callahan-31-10-2011-71">[69]</a> In 1964, they signed to <a href="/wiki/Warner_Records" title="Warner Records">Warner Bros. Records</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Krasnow" title="Bob Krasnow">Bob Krasnow</a> became their manager.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> On the Warner Bros. label, they achieved their first charting album with <a href="/wiki/Live!_The_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_Show" title="Live! The Ike & Tina Turner Show">Live! The Ike & Tina Turner Show</a>, peaking at No. 8 on the <a href="/wiki/Top_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Albums" title="Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums">Billboard</a> <a href="/wiki/Top_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Albums" title="Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums">Hot R&B LP</a> chart in February 1965.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> Their singles "<a href="/wiki/Tell_Him_I%27m_Not_Home" title="Tell Him I'm Not Home">Tell Her I'm Not Home</a>", released on <a href="/wiki/Loma_Records" title="Loma Records">Loma Records</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/Good_Bye,_So_Long" title="Good Bye, So Long">Good Bye, So Long</a>", released on <a href="/wiki/Modern_Records" title="Modern Records">Modern Records</a>, were top 40 R&B hits in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-Music_VF-2019-62">[60]</a> Tina Turner's profile was raised after several solo appearances on shows such as <a href="/wiki/American_Bandstand" title="American Bandstand">American Bandstand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shindig!" title="Shindig!">Shindig!</a> while the entire revue appeared on <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_a_Go-Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood a Go-Go">Hollywood a Go-Go</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> In 1965, music producer <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a> attended an Ike & Tina Turner show at a club on the <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Strip" title="Sunset Strip">Sunset Strip</a>, and he invited them to appear in the concert film <a href="/wiki/The_Big_T.N.T._Show" title="The Big T.N.T. Show">The Big T.N.T. Show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mainstream_success:_1966–1975">Mainstream success: 1966–1975</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mainstream success: 1966–1975">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ike_and_Tina_Turner,_1966.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The duo seated and singing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ike_and_Tina_Turner%2C_1966.png/220px-Ike_and_Tina_Turner%2C_1966.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ike_and_Tina_Turner%2C_1966.png/330px-Ike_and_Tina_Turner%2C_1966.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Ike_and_Tina_Turner%2C_1966.png/440px-Ike_and_Tina_Turner%2C_1966.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Ike & Tina Turner by <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hopper" title="Dennis Hopper">Dennis Hopper</a> in 1966</figcaption></figure> Impressed by the duo's performance on The Big T.N.T. Show, Phil Spector was eager to produce Tina Turner.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> Working out a deal with Ike & Tina Turner's manager Bob Krasnow, who was also head of Loma, Spector offered $20,000 for creative control over the sessions to produce Turner and have Ike & Tina Turner released from their contract with Loma.<a href="#cite_note-Fong-Torres-1971-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> They signed to Spector's <a href="/wiki/Philles_Records" title="Philles Records">Philles</a> label in April 1966 after Tina Turner had already recorded with him.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> Their first single on his label, "<a href="/wiki/River_Deep_%E2%80%93_Mountain_High" title="River Deep – Mountain High">River Deep – Mountain High</a>", was released in May 1966. Spector considered that record, with Turner's maximum energy over the "<a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a>", to be his best work.<a href="#cite_note-pc21-80">[78]</a> It was successful overseas, reaching No. 3 on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles Chart</a> and No. 1 on <a href="/wiki/Los_40" title="Los 40">Los 40 Principales</a> in Spain,<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> but it failed to go any higher than No. 88 on the Billboard Hot 100.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> The impact of the record gave Ike & Tina Turner an opening spot on <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_British_Tour_1966" title="The Rolling Stones British Tour 1966">the Rolling Stones UK tour</a> in the fall of 1966.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986102-83">[81]</a> In November 1967, Turner became the first female artist and the first black artist to appear on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine.<a href="#cite_note-Turner-2019-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> The duo signed with <a href="/wiki/Blue_Thumb_Records" title="Blue Thumb Records">Blue Thumb Records</a> in 1968, releasing the album <a href="/wiki/Outta_Season" title="Outta Season">Outta Season</a> in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> The album produced their charted cover of <a href="/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Been_Loving_You_Too_Long" title="I've Been Loving You Too Long">I've Been Loving You Too Long</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Music_VF-2019-62">[60]</a> Later that year they released <a href="/wiki/The_Hunter_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="The Hunter (Ike & Tina Turner album)">The Hunter</a> album.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard-87">[85]</a> The title track, <a href="/wiki/Albert_King" title="Albert King">Albert King</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Hunter_(Albert_King_song)" title="The Hunter (Albert King song)">The Hunter</a>", earned Turner a Grammy nomination for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_R%26B_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance">Best Female R&B Vocal Performance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Grammy-2018-63">[61]</a> The success of the albums led to the revue headlining in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>, where their shows were attended by a variety of celebrities including <a href="/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blues-88">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a> was particularly fond of Turner, and after she filmed an episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Game_(TV_series)" title="The Name of the Game (TV series)">The Name of the Game</a> with him in Las Vegas he surprised her with a <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XJ" title="Jaguar XJ">Jaguar XJ6</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986158-89">[87]</a> As the decade came to an end, Ike & Tina Turner began performing at music festivals.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> Tina Turner's fashion evolved from formal dresses to <a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">minidresses</a> and revealing outfits.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> She emerged as a <a href="/wiki/Sex_symbol" title="Sex symbol">sex symbol</a> and was praised for her sensual performances.<a href="#cite_note-Gleason-1969-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tina_Turner_Tulane_Stadium_24_Oct_1970_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tina_Turner_Tulane_Stadium_24_Oct_1970_-_01.jpg/140px-Tina_Turner_Tulane_Stadium_24_Oct_1970_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tina_Turner_Tulane_Stadium_24_Oct_1970_-_01.jpg/210px-Tina_Turner_Tulane_Stadium_24_Oct_1970_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tina_Turner_Tulane_Stadium_24_Oct_1970_-_01.jpg/280px-Tina_Turner_Tulane_Stadium_24_Oct_1970_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>Turner performing on stage at <a href="/wiki/Tulane_Stadium" title="Tulane Stadium">Tulane Stadium</a> during <a href="/wiki/Tulane_Stadium#Soul_Bowl_'70" title="Tulane Stadium">Soul Bowl '70</a> in October 1970</figcaption></figure> In the fall of 1969, Ike & Tina Turner's profile in their home country was raised after opening for <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> on their <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_American_Tour_1969" title="The Rolling Stones American Tour 1969">US tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-R&R_Hall_of_Fame-2021-8">[7]</a> They gained more exposure from performances on <a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playboy_After_Dark" title="Playboy After Dark">Playboy After Dark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Andy_Williams_Show" title="The Andy Williams Show">The Andy Williams Show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> The duo released two albums in 1970, <a href="/wiki/Come_Together_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Come Together (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Come Together</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workin%27_Together" title="Workin' Together">Workin' Together</a>. Their cover of "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Take_You_Higher" title="I Want to Take You Higher">I Want to Take You Higher</a>" peaked at No. 34 on the Hot 100, whereas the original by <a href="/wiki/Sly_and_the_Family_Stone" title="Sly and the Family Stone">Sly and the Family Stone</a> had peaked at No. 38.<a href="#cite_note-Music_VF-2019-62">[60]</a> The Come Together and Workin' Together albums marked a turning point in their careers in which they switched from their usual R&B repertoire to incorporate more rock tunes such as "<a href="/wiki/Come_Together" title="Come Together">Come Together</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Honky_Tonk_Women" title="Honky Tonk Women">Honky Tonk Woman</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Get_Back_(The_Beatles_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Get Back (The Beatles song)">Get Back</a>".<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> In early 1971, their cover of <a href="/wiki/Creedence_Clearwater_Revival" title="Creedence Clearwater Revival">Creedence Clearwater Revival</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Proud_Mary" title="Proud Mary">Proud Mary</a>" became their biggest hit. The single reached No. 4 on the Hot 100 and sold more than a million copies, winning them a Grammy for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_R%26B_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group_with_Vocals" title="Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals">Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitburn2004645-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008182-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986160-100">[98]</a> In July 1971, their live album, <a href="/wiki/What_You_Hear_Is_What_You_Get_%E2%80%93_Live_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="What You Hear Is What You Get – Live at Carnegie Hall">What You Hear Is What You Get</a>, was released. It was recorded at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> and became their first <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification#Certification_thresholds" title="Music recording certification">certified Gold</a> album. Later that year they had a top 40 R&B hit with "<a href="/wiki/Ooh_Poo_Pah_Doo" title="Ooh Poo Pah Doo">Ooh Poo Pah Doo</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Music_VF-2019-62">[60]</a> Their next three singles to chart, "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Yours_(Use_Me_Anyway_You_Wanna)" title="I'm Yours (Use Me Anyway You Wanna)">I'm Yours (Use Me Anyway You Wanna)</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Up_in_Heah" title="Up in Heah">Up in Heah</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Early_One_Morning_(Little_Richard_song)" title="Early One Morning (Little Richard song)">Early One Morning</a>" (a <a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a> cover) all peaked at No. 47 on the R&B chart.<a href="#cite_note-Music_VF-2019-62">[60]</a> In 1972, the Turners opened <a href="/wiki/Bolic_Sound" title="Bolic Sound">Bolic Sound</a> recording studio near their home in <a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_California" title="Inglewood, California">Inglewood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiersh198537–38-101">[99]</a> After Liberty was absorbed into <a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a>, they were assigned to that label.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> Around this time, Tina Turner began writing more songs. She wrote nine out of the ten tracks on their 1972 album <a href="/wiki/Feel_Good_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Feel Good (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Feel Good</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> In October 1972, Turner and the Ikettes performed at <a href="/wiki/Star-Spangled_Women_for_McGovern%E2%80%93Shriver" title="Star-Spangled Women for McGovern–Shriver">Star-Spangled Women</a>, a political fundraiser for the <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972 presidential campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> The duo's 1973 hit single "<a href="/wiki/Nutbush_City_Limits" title="Nutbush City Limits">Nutbush City Limits</a>" (No. 22 Pop, No. 11 R&B), penned by Tina Turner, reached No. 1 in Austria, No. 4 in the UK, and the top 5 in several other countries.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> It was certified silver by the <a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">BPI</a> for selling a quarter of a million in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> As a result of their success, they received the Golden European Record Award, the first ever given, for selling more than one million records of "Nutbush City Limits" in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Their follow-up hits included "<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Rhode_Island_Red_(song)" title="Sweet Rhode Island Red (song)">Sweet Rhode Island Red</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Sexy_Ida" title="Sexy Ida">Sexy Ida</a>" in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Music_VF-2019-62">[60]</a> In 1974, the duo released the Grammy-nominated album <a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_Ike_%26_Tina" title="The Gospel According to Ike & Tina">The Gospel According to Ike & Tina</a>, which was nominated for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Soul_Gospel_Performance,_Male" title="Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance, Male">Best Soul Gospel Performance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Grammy-2018-63">[61]</a> Ike also received a solo nomination for his single "<a href="/wiki/Farther_Along_(song)" title="Farther Along (song)">Father Alone</a>" from the album.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> Tina Turner's first solo album, <a href="/wiki/Tina_Turns_the_Country_On!" title="Tina Turns the Country On!">Tina Turns the Country On!</a>, earned her a nomination for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_R%26B_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance">Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> That year, Tina Turner filmed the <a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">rock opera</a> <a href="/wiki/Tommy_(1975_film)" title="Tommy (1975 film)">Tommy</a> in London.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> She played the Acid Queen, a drug-addicted prostitute; her performance was critically acclaimed. Shortly after filming wrapped, Turner appeared on <a href="/wiki/Ann-Margret" title="Ann-Margret">Ann-Margret</a>'s TV special.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Following the release of Tommy in 1975, Tina Turner released another solo album: <a href="/wiki/Acid_Queen_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid Queen (album)">Acid Queen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> The album reached No. 39 on the Billboard R&B chart. It produced the charting singles "<a href="/wiki/Baby,_Get_It_On" title="Baby, Get It On">Baby, Get It On</a>" and a cover of <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Whole_Lotta_Love" title="Whole Lotta Love">Whole Lotta Love</a>".<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Split:_1976">Split: 1976</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Split: 1976">edit</a>]</div> By the mid-1970s, Ike was heavily addicted to <a href="/wiki/Cocaine_dependence" title="Cocaine dependence">cocaine</a>, which hindered his relationship with Tina.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> In 1976, they headlined at the <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria_New_York" title="Waldorf Astoria New York">Waldorf Astoria New York</a> and signed a television deal with <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS-TV</a>. Ike made plans for them to leave United Artists Records for a five-year deal with <a href="/wiki/Cream_Records" title="Cream Records">Cream Records</a> for $150,000 per year; the deal was to be signed on July 5.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999180-115">[113]</a> On July 1, the Turners flew from Los Angeles to <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, where the revue had a gig at the <a href="/wiki/The_Statler_Hotel_%26_Residences" title="The Statler Hotel & Residences">Statler Hilton</a> in downtown. The couple got into a physical altercation on their way to the hotel. Shortly after arriving, Tina fled from Ike with only 36 cents and a <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> card to the nearby <a href="/wiki/Ramada_Inn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramada Inn">Ramada Inn</a> across the freeway.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''198638-116">[114]</a> She filed for divorce on July 27 and it was finalized on March 29, 1978.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986190–192-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-EW-19960802-118">[116]</a> After their separation, United Artists released two more albums credited to the duo: <a href="/wiki/Delilah%27s_Power" title="Delilah's Power">Delilah's Power</a> (1977) and <a href="/wiki/Airwaves_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Airwaves (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Airwaves</a> (1978).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986173-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999270-120">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Solo_career">Solo career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Solo career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_solo_career:_1976–1982">Early solo career: 1976–1982</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early solo career: 1976–1982">edit</a>]</div> In 1976 and 1977, Tina Turner earned income by appearing on TV shows such as <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Squares" title="Hollywood Squares">The Hollywood Squares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donny_%26_Marie_(1976_TV_series)" title="Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)">Donny & Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sonny_%26_Cher_Comedy_Hour" title="The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour">The Sonny & Cher Show</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Brady_Bunch_Hour" title="The Brady Bunch Hour">The Brady Bunch Hour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMabery198688–90-121">[119]</a> After her separation from Ike, lawsuits were mounting for canceled Ike & Tina Turner gigs.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986198-123">[121]</a> She resumed touring to pay off her debts, with finances given to her by United Artists executive <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart_(music_executive)" title="Michael Stewart (music executive)">Mike Stewart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986203-124">[122]</a> In 1977, she re-emerged with new costumes created by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Mackie" title="Bob Mackie">Bob Mackie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> She headlined a series of <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> shows at <a href="/wiki/Caesars_Palace" title="Caesars Palace">Caesars Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> and took her act to smaller venues in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Later that year, she embarked on her first solo concert tour in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> In 1978, Turner released her third solo album, <a href="/wiki/Rough_(album)" title="Rough (album)">Rough</a>, on United Artists with distribution in North America and Europe on <a href="/wiki/EMI_Records" title="EMI Records">EMI</a>. That album, along with its 1979 follow-up, <a href="/wiki/Love_Explosion" title="Love Explosion">Love Explosion</a>, which included a brief diversion to <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> music, failed to chart, so United Artists Records and Turner parted ways.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWynn198570-128">[126]</a> Without the premise of a hit record, she continued performing and headlined her second tour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoenig198620–30-129">[127]</a> In 1979, Australian manager <a href="/wiki/Roger_Davies_(manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Davies (manager)">Roger Davies</a> agreed to manage Turner after seeing her perform at the <a href="/wiki/Fairmont_San_Francisco" title="Fairmont San Francisco">Fairmont Hotel</a> in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986176-130">[128]</a> In early 1979, Turner worked in Italy as a regular performer on the <a href="/wiki/Rai_1" title="Rai 1">Rete 1</a> TV series <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_Park_(programma_televisivo_1979)" class="extiw" title="it:Luna Park (programma televisivo 1979)">Luna Park</a>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Pippo_Baudo" title="Pippo Baudo">Pippo Baudo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heather_Parisi" title="Heather Parisi">Heather Parisi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> Later that year, she embarked on a controversial five-week tour of South Africa during the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> regime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986176–177-132">[130]</a> She later regretted the decision, stating that she was "naive about the politics in South Africa" at the time.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> In October 1981, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a> attended Turner's show at <a href="/wiki/The_Ritz_(rock_club)" title="The Ritz (rock club)">the Ritz</a> in New York City and invited her to perform "<a href="/wiki/Hot_Legs" title="Hot Legs">Hot Legs</a>" with him on <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> In November, Turner opened for the Rolling Stones during their <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_American_Tour_1981" title="The Rolling Stones American Tour 1981">1981 American Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> Turner performed in March 1982 in the Willem Ruis show (Netherlands), which resulted in the hit "<a href="/wiki/Shame,_Shame,_Shame_(Shirley_%26_Company_song)" title="Shame, Shame, Shame (Shirley & Company song)">Shame, Shame, Shame</a>" (reaching No. 47 in the Netherlands). In 1982 Turner's recording of <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">the Temptations</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Ball_of_Confusion_(That%27s_What_the_World_Is_Today)" title="Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)">Ball of Confusion</a>" for the UK production team <a href="/wiki/British_Electric_Foundation" title="British Electric Foundation">B.E.F.</a> became a hit in European dance clubs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFissinger198582-136">[134]</a> In 1982, Turner also appeared on the album Music of Quality and Distinction Volume 1 by B.E.F., a side project of <a href="/wiki/Heaven_17" title="Heaven 17">Heaven 17</a>, singing "Ball of Confusion". She filmed a music video for "Ball of Confusion" that aired on the fledgling music video channel <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, becoming one of the first <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">black American</a> artists to gain airtime on the channel.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> Also in 1982, Turner appeared as a special guest on <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>'s television special performed at <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Theatre_(West_Hollywood)" title="Roxy Theatre (West Hollywood)">The Roxy</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California" title="West Hollywood, California">West Hollywood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_resurgence_and_superstardom:_1983–2000">Career resurgence and superstardom: 1983–2000</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Career resurgence and superstardom: 1983–2000">edit</a>]</div> Until 1983, Turner was considered a nostalgia act, performing mostly at hotel ballrooms and clubs in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Benarde-1985-139">[137]</a> During her second stint at the Ritz, she signed with <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a> in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986188-140">[138]</a> In November 1983, she released her cover of <a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Stay_Together_(Al_Green_song)" title="Let's Stay Together (Al Green song)">Let's Stay Together</a>", which was produced by B.E.F. It reached several European charts, including No. 6 in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-Chart_Stats:_Tina_Turner_(Let's_Stay_Together)-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tina_Turner:_Let's_Stay_Together_(song)-142">[140]</a> In the US, the song peaked at No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 1 on <a href="/wiki/Dance_Club_Songs" title="Dance Club Songs">Hot Dance Club Songs</a>, and No. 3 on <a href="/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">Hot Black Singles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard-2019-143">[141]</a> Following the single's surprise success, Capitol Records approved a studio album. Turner had two weeks to record her <a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer" title="Private Dancer">Private Dancer</a> album, which was released in May 1984.<a href="#cite_note-Benarde-1985-139">[137]</a> It reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and No. 2 in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Private Dancer was certified 5× Platinum in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-RIAA-2020-146">[144]</a> and sold 10 million copies worldwide, becoming her most successful album.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> Also in May 1984, Capitol issued the album's second single, "<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>";<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> the song had previously been recorded by the pop group <a href="/wiki/Bucks_Fizz" title="Bucks Fizz">Bucks Fizz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> Following the album's release, Turner joined <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> as the opening act on his tour.<a href="#cite_note-Benarde-1985-139">[137]</a> On September 1, 1984, Turner achieved her first and only No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 with "What's Love Got to Do with It".<a href="#cite_note-Billboard-2019-143">[141]</a> The follow-up singles "<a href="/wiki/Better_Be_Good_to_Me" title="Better Be Good to Me">Better Be Good to Me</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Private Dancer (Tina Turner song)">Private Dancer</a>" were both US top 10 hits.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> The same year, she duetted with <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> on a cover of <a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Tonight_(Iggy_Pop_song)" title="Tonight (Iggy Pop song)">Tonight</a>". Released as a single in November, it peaked at No. 53 in both the UK and the US.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> Turner culminated her comeback when she won three Grammys at the <a href="/wiki/27th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="27th Annual Grammy Awards">27th Annual Grammy Awards</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Grammy Award for Record of the Year</a> for "What's Love Got to Do with It".<a href="#cite_note-Grammy-2018-63">[61]</a> In February 1985, she embarked on her <a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer_Tour" title="Private Dancer Tour">second world tour</a> to support the Private Dancer album. Two nights were filmed at <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham, England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Resorts_World_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Resorts World Arena">NEC Arena</a> and later released as a concert on home video. During this time, she also contributed vocals to the <a href="/wiki/USA_for_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="USA for Africa">USA for Africa</a> benefit song "<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2005182-153">[151]</a> Turner's success continued when she traveled to Australia to star opposite <a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> in the 1985 post-apocalyptic film <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_Beyond_Thunderdome" title="Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome">Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome</a>. The movie provided her with her first acting role in ten years; she portrayed the glamorous Aunty Entity, the ruler of Bartertown.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> Upon release, critical response to her performance was generally positive.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> The film was a global success, grossing more than $36 million in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> Turner later received the <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress</a> for her role in the film.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> She recorded two songs for the film, "<a href="/wiki/We_Don%27t_Need_Another_Hero_(Thunderdome)" title="We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)">We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/One_of_the_Living" title="One of the Living">One of the Living</a>"; both became hits, with the latter winning her a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_Rock_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance">Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Grammy-2018-63">[61]</a> In July 1985, Turner performed at <a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> Their performance shocked observers when Jagger ripped her skirt off.<a href="#cite_note-Tina2018-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> Turner released a duet, "<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Only_Love_(Bryan_Adams_song)" title="It's Only Love (Bryan Adams song)">It's Only Love</a>", with <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Adams" title="Bryan Adams">Bryan Adams</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> It was nominated for a Grammy Award, and the music video won an <a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="MTV Video Music Awards">MTV Video Music Award</a> for Best Stage Performance.<a href="#cite_note-Wikane-2018-162">[160]</a> In 1986, Turner released her sixth solo album, <a href="/wiki/Break_Every_Rule" title="Break Every Rule">Break Every Rule</a>, which reached No. 1 in four countries and sold over five million copies worldwide within its first year of release.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> The album sold more than a million copies in the United States and Germany alone.<a href="#cite_note-RIAA-2020-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> The album featured the singles "<a href="/wiki/Typical_Male" title="Typical Male">Typical Male</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Two_People_(song)" title="Two People (song)">Two People</a>", "<a href="/wiki/What_You_Get_Is_What_You_See" title="What You Get Is What You See">What You Get Is What You See</a>", and the Grammy-winning "<a href="/wiki/Back_Where_You_Started" title="Back Where You Started">Back Where You Started</a>". Prior to the album's release, Turner published her autobiography <a href="/wiki/I,_Tina" title="I, Tina">I, Tina</a>, which became a bestseller. That year, she received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Walk_of_Fame-2019-165">[163]</a> Her <a href="/wiki/Break_Every_Rule_World_Tour" title="Break Every Rule World Tour">Break Every Rule World Tour</a>, which began in March 1987 in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany, was the third highest-grossing tour by a female artist in North America that year.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> In January 1988, Turner performed in front of approximately 180,000 at <a href="/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium" title="Maracanã Stadium">Maracanã Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</a>, setting a <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Record</a> at the time for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-attended_concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-attended concerts">largest paying concert attendance</a> for a solo artist.<a href="#cite_note-upi88-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guinness-168">[166]</a> In April 1988, Turner released the <a href="/wiki/Tina_Live_in_Europe" title="Tina Live in Europe">Tina Live in Europe</a> album, which won a Grammy Award for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Female_Rock_Vocal_Performance#Recipients" title="Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance">Best Female Rock Vocal Performance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> After taking time off following the end of the tour, she emerged with the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affair" title="Foreign Affair">Foreign Affair</a> album in 1989. It reached No. 1 in eight countries, including in the UK (5× Platinum), her first number-one album there. The album sold over six million copies worldwide and included the international hit single "<a href="/wiki/The_Best_(song)" title="The Best (song)">The Best</a>".<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-totalsales-171">[169]</a> In 1990, Turner embarked on her <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affair:_The_Farewell_Tour" title="Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour">Foreign Affair European Tour</a>, which drew in nearly four million spectators—breaking the record for a European tour that was previously set by <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jet-172">[170]</a> In October 1991 Turner released her first <a href="/wiki/Greatest_hits_album" title="Greatest hits album">greatest hits</a> compilation <a href="/wiki/Simply_the_Best_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Simply the Best (Tina Turner album)">Simply the Best</a>, which sold seven million copies worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-sales-173">[171]</a> The album is her biggest seller in the UK, where it is certified 8× Platinum with more than two million copies sold.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:20em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Private Dancer was the beginning of my success in England and basically Europe has been very supportive of my music. ... [I am] not as big as <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> [in the United States]. I'm as big as Madonna in Europe. I'm as big as, in some places [in Europe], as <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>]. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Turner reflecting on her European success, <a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Live" title="Larry King Live">Larry King Live</a>, 1997<a href="#cite_note-LarryKing-175">[173]</a></cite> </div> In 1991, Ike & Tina Turner were inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-R&R_Hall_of_Fame-2020-176">[174]</a> Ike Turner was incarcerated at the time and Tina Turner did not attend.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> Turner stated through her publicist that she was taking a leave of absence following her tour and she felt "emotionally unequipped to return to the U.S. and respond to the night of celebration in the manner she would want".<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a> accepted the award on their behalf.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> In 1993, the semi-autobiographical film <a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a> was released.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> The film starred <a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> as Tina Turner and <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Fishburne" title="Laurence Fishburne">Laurence Fishburne</a> as Ike Turner; they received Best Actress and Best Actor <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> nominations for their roles.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> While she was not heavily involved in the film, Turner contributed to the soundtrack for <a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(album)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (album)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>, re-recording old songs and several new songs. The single "<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Wanna_Fight" title="I Don't Wanna Fight">I Don't Wanna Fight</a>" from the soundtrack was a top 10 hit in the US and UK.<a href="#cite_note-biography.com-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> In 1993 Turner embarked on her <a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love%3F_Tour" title="What's Love? Tour">What's Love? Tour</a>, which visited primarily North America with a few shows in Australasia and Europe. In 1995, Turner returned to the studio, releasing "<a href="/wiki/GoldenEye_(song)" title="GoldenEye (song)">GoldenEye</a>", which was written by <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Edge" title="The Edge">the Edge</a> of <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> for the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> film <a href="/wiki/GoldenEye" title="GoldenEye">GoldenEye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> In 1996 Turner released the <a href="/wiki/Wildest_Dreams_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Wildest Dreams (Tina Turner album)">Wildest Dreams</a> album, accompanied by her "<a href="/wiki/Wildest_Dreams_Tour" title="Wildest Dreams Tour">Wildest Dreams Tour</a>". In September 1999, before celebrating her 60th birthday, Turner released the dance-infused song "<a href="/wiki/When_the_Heartache_Is_Over" title="When the Heartache Is Over">When the Heartache Is Over</a>" as the leading single from her tenth and final solo album, <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Four_Seven_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Twenty Four Seven (Tina Turner album)">Twenty Four Seven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> The success of the single and the following tour helped the album become <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">certified Gold</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">RIAA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RIAA-2020-146">[144]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Four_Seven_Tour" title="Twenty Four Seven Tour">Twenty Four Seven Tour</a> was the highest-grossing tour of 2000, grossing over $120 million.<a href="#cite_note-terry-186">[184]</a> Her two concerts at <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)" title="Wembley Stadium (1923)">Wembley Stadium</a> were recorded by the director <a href="/wiki/David_Mallet_(director)" title="David Mallet (director)">David Mallet</a> and released in the DVD <a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_Live_in_Concert" title="One Last Time Live in Concert">One Last Time Live in Concert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> At a July 2000 concert in <a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, Switzerland, Turner announced that she would retire at the end of the tour.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career:_2001–2021">Later career: 2001–2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later career: 2001–2021">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tina_Turner_50th_Anniversary_Tour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tina_Turner_50th_Anniversary_Tour.jpg/220px-Tina_Turner_50th_Anniversary_Tour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tina_Turner_50th_Anniversary_Tour.jpg/330px-Tina_Turner_50th_Anniversary_Tour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tina_Turner_50th_Anniversary_Tour.jpg/440px-Tina_Turner_50th_Anniversary_Tour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1732" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption>Turner during her 50th Anniversary Tour in 2009</figcaption></figure> In November 2004, Turner released <a href="/wiki/All_the_Best_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="All the Best (Tina Turner album)">All the Best</a>, which debuted at No. 2 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a> in 2005, her highest charting album in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> The album went <a href="/wiki/Platinum_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum certification">platinum</a> in the US three months after its release and reached platinum status in seven other countries, including the UK.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> In December 2005, Turner was recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> at the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a> in Washington, DC, and was elected to join an elite group of entertainers.<a href="#cite_note-Files-2005-192">[190]</a> In February 2006, Turner released "<a href="/wiki/Teach_Me_Again" title="Teach Me Again">Teach Me Again</a>", a duet single with Italian singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Elisa_(Italian_singer)" title="Elisa (Italian singer)">Elisa</a> that was recorded for the <a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">anthology film</a> <a href="/wiki/All_the_Invisible_Children" title="All the Invisible Children">All the Invisible Children</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rockol-2006-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> The whole revenue from the single's sales was donated to charity projects for children led by the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rockol-2006-193">[191]</a> Turner made a public comeback in February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/50th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="50th Annual Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, where she performed alongside <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> In addition, she won a Grammy as a featured artist on <a href="/wiki/River:_The_Joni_Letters" title="River: The Joni Letters">River: The Joni Letters</a>. In October 2008, Turner embarked on her first tour in nearly ten years with the <a href="/wiki/Tina!:_50th_Anniversary_Tour" title="Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour">Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> In support of the tour, Turner released a <a href="/wiki/Tina!" title="Tina!">greatest hits compilation</a>. The tour was a huge success and became one of the bestselling tours in history.<a href="#cite_note-terry-186">[184]</a> In 2009, Turner officially retired from performing.<a href="#cite_note-retired-199">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2013-200">[198]</a> In 2009, Turner co-founded a global music foundation, Beyond Foundation,<a href="#cite_note-Beyond_Music_Ambassador-201">[199]</a> with Swiss Christian musician Regula Curti and Swiss Tibetan Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Dechen_Shak-Dagsay" title="Dechen Shak-Dagsay">Dechen Shak-Dagsay</a>. Turner co-released four albums of spiritual or uplifting music released through projects with <a href="/wiki/Beyond_(Swiss_band)" title="Beyond (Swiss band)">Beyond</a>: Buddhist and Christian Prayers (2009), Children (2011), Love Within (2014), and Awakening (2017). As of 2023, the Swiss Beyond Foundation remains active and enables the collaboration of musical artists from different parts of the world.<a href="#cite_note-Beyond_Music-202">[200]</a> In April 2010, mainly due to an <a href="/wiki/Online_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Online campaign">online campaign</a> by fans of <a href="/wiki/Rangers_F.C." title="Rangers F.C.">Rangers Football Club</a>, Turner's 1989 hit, "<a href="/wiki/The_Best_(song)" title="The Best (song)">The Best</a>", returned to the UK singles chart, peaking at No. 9. This made Turner the first female recording artist in UK chart history to score top 40 hits in six consecutive decades (1960s–2010s).<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Beyond_(Swiss_band)" title="Beyond (Swiss band)">Beyond</a>'s second album Children – With Children United in Prayer followed and charted again in Switzerland. Turner promoted the album by performing on TV shows in Germany and Switzerland. In April 2013, Turner appeared on the cover of the German issue of <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a> magazine at the age of 73, becoming the oldest person to be featured on the cover of Vogue.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> In February 2014, <a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone Records</a> released a new compilation titled <a href="/wiki/Love_Songs_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Love Songs (Tina Turner album)">Love Songs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-retired-199">[197]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tina_at_Aldwych_Theatre_in_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tina_at_Aldwych_Theatre_in_London.jpg/240px-Tina_at_Aldwych_Theatre_in_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tina_at_Aldwych_Theatre_in_London.jpg/360px-Tina_at_Aldwych_Theatre_in_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tina_at_Aldwych_Theatre_in_London.jpg/480px-Tina_at_Aldwych_Theatre_in_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>The musical <a href="/wiki/Tina_(musical)" title="Tina (musical)">Tina</a> playing at the <a href="/wiki/Aldwych_Theatre" title="Aldwych Theatre">Aldwych Theatre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a>, September 2019</figcaption></figure> In December 2016 Turner announced that she had been working on <a href="/wiki/Tina_(musical)" title="Tina (musical)">Tina</a>, a musical based on her life story, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Phyllida_Lloyd" title="Phyllida Lloyd">Phyllida Lloyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stage_Entertainment" title="Stage Entertainment">Stage Entertainment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> The show opened at the <a href="/wiki/Aldwych_Theatre" title="Aldwych Theatre">Aldwych Theatre</a> in London in April 2018 with <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Warren" title="Adrienne Warren">Adrienne Warren</a> in the lead role.<a href="#cite_note-bbc18-206">[204]</a> Warren reprised her role on Broadway in the fall of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-HR-20181003-207">[205]</a> Turner received the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> and her second memoir, My Love Story, was released in October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> In 2020, she came out of retirement to collaborate with Norwegian producer <a href="/wiki/Kygo" title="Kygo">Kygo</a> on a remix of "<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)#Kygo_version" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Garvey-2020-210">[208]</a> With this release, she became the first artist to have a top 40 hit in seven consecutive decades in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-Chart_UK-2018-211">[209]</a> In 2020, Turner released her third book, <a href="/wiki/Happiness_Becomes_You_(book)" title="Happiness Becomes You (book)">Happiness Becomes You: A Guide to Changing Your Life for Good</a>. She co-wrote the book with American author <a href="/wiki/Craig_Taro_Gold" title="Craig Taro Gold">Taro Gold</a> and Swiss singer Regula Curti.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> It was chosen by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>'s editors as a Best Nonfiction book of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> In 2021, Turner appeared in the documentary film <a href="/wiki/Tina_(film)" title="Tina (film)">Tina</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lindsay" title="Daniel Lindsay">Dan Lindsay</a> and <a href="/wiki/T._J._Martin" title="T. J. Martin">T. J. Martin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> In October 2021, Turner sold her music rights to <a href="/wiki/BMG_Rights_Management" title="BMG Rights Management">BMG Rights Management</a> for an estimated $50 million, with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music</a> still handling distribution of her music.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> Later that month, Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist, accepting her award via satellite from her home near Zurich, Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-2021-216">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships_and_marriages">Relationships and marriages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relationships and marriages">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_relationships">Early relationships</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Early relationships">edit</a>]</div> While still in Brownsville, Turner fell in love for the first time with Harry Taylor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200531-217">[215]</a> They met at a high school basketball game. Taylor initially attended a different school, but he relocated to be near her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198626-218">[216]</a> In 1986, she told <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>: "Harry was real popular and had tons of girlfriends, but eventually I got him, and we went steady for a year."<a href="#cite_note-RS-19861023-219">[217]</a> Their relationship ended after she discovered that Taylor had married another girl who was expecting his child.<a href="#cite_note-RS-19861023-219">[217]</a> After moving to <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, Turner and her sister Alline became acquainted with Ike Turner's <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Rhythm" title="Kings of Rhythm">Kings of Rhythm</a>. Alline was dating the band's drummer Eugene Washington and Bullock began dating the saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hill_(musician)" title="Raymond Hill (musician)">Raymond Hill</a>. After Turner became pregnant during her senior year of high school, she moved in with Hill, who lived with Ike Turner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198653-220">[218]</a> She recalled, "I didn't love him as much as I'd loved Harry. But he was good-looking. I thought, 'My baby's going to be beautiful.'"<a href="#cite_note-RS-19861023-219">[217]</a> Their relationship ended after Hill broke his ankle during a wrestling match with Kings of Rhythm singer Carlson Oliver.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198666-221">[219]</a> Hill returned to his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Clarksdale,_Mississippi" title="Clarksdale, Mississippi">Clarksdale</a> before their son Craig was born in August 1958, leaving Turner to become a single parent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198653–54-222">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200555-223">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ike_Turner">Ike Turner</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ike Turner">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_(1971).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_%281971%29.jpg/220px-Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_%281971%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_%281971%29.jpg/330px-Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_%281971%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_%281971%29.jpg/440px-Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_%281971%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3226" data-file-height="2364" /></a><figcaption>Ike & Tina Turner arriving at <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Amsterdam Airport Schiphol</a> in 1971</figcaption></figure> Turner likened her early relationship with Ike Turner to that of a "brother and sister from another lifetime".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198673-224">[222]</a> They were <a href="/wiki/Platonic_love" title="Platonic love">platonic</a> friends from the time they met in 1956 until 1960. Their affair began while Ike was with his live-in girlfriend Lorraine Taylor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198685–86-225">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199977-226">[224]</a> They became intimate when she went to sleep with him after another musician threatened to go into her room.<a href="#cite_note-RS-19861023-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198673-224">[222]</a> After recording "A Fool in Love" in 1960, a pregnant Turner told Ike that she did not want to continue their relationship; he responded by striking her in the head with a wooden shoe stretcher.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198678–79-227">[225]</a> Turner recalled that this incident was the first time he "instilled fear" in her, but she decided to stay with him because she "really did care about him".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198679-61">[59]</a> After the birth of their son Ronnie in October 1960, they moved to Los Angeles in 1962 and married in <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>. In 1963, Ike purchased a house in the <a href="/wiki/View_Park%E2%80%93Windsor_Hills,_California" title="View Park–Windsor Hills, California">View Park</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> They brought their son Ronnie, Turner's son Craig, and Ike's two sons with Lorraine (Ike Jr. and Michael) from St. Louis to live with them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198681-229">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199982–83-230">[228]</a> She later revealed in I, Tina that Ike was abusive and <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">promiscuous</a> throughout their marriage, which led to her <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attempt" title="Suicide attempt">suicide attempt</a> in 1968 by overdosing on <a href="/wiki/Valium" class="mw-redirect" title="Valium">Valium</a> pills.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008174-31">[29]</a> She said, "It was my relationship with Ike that made me most unhappy. At first, I had really been in love with him. Look what he'd done for me. But he was totally unpredictable."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198691-231">[229]</a> Later on, in his old age, Ike was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Bipolar_disorder" title="Bipolar disorder">bipolar disorder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Christian-2008-232">[230]</a> By the mid-1970s, Ike was heavily addicted to cocaine, which hindered his relationship with Turner. She abruptly left Ike after they got into a bloody fight on their way to the <a href="/wiki/The_Statler_Hotel_%26_Residences" title="The Statler Hotel & Residences">Dallas Statler Hilton</a> on July 1, 1976.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> She fled with only 36 cents and a Mobil credit card in her pocket to the nearby Ramada Inn across the freeway.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-20181016-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-People-20171026-236">[234]</a> On July 27, Turner filed for divorce on the grounds of irreconcilable differences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986187–190-237">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBronson2003593-238">[236]</a> Her divorce petition asked for $4,000 a month in <a href="/wiki/Alimony" title="Alimony">alimony</a>, $1,000 a month in <a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">child support</a>, and custody of her sons Craig and Ronnie.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986161-239">[237]</a> The divorce was finalized on March 29, 1978.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986170-240">[238]</a> In the final divorce decree, Turner took responsibility for missed concert dates as well as an <a href="/wiki/IRS" class="mw-redirect" title="IRS">IRS</a> <a href="/wiki/Lien" title="Lien">lien</a>. Turner retained songwriter <a href="/wiki/Royalty_payment" title="Royalty payment">royalties</a> from <a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_written_by_Tina_Turner" title="List of songs written by Tina Turner">songs she had written</a>, but Ike got the publishing royalties for his <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">compositions</a> and hers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986169-241">[239]</a> She also kept her two <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguars</a>, furs, jewelry, and her stage name.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986169-241">[239]</a> Turner gave Ike her share of their <a href="/wiki/Bolic_Sound" title="Bolic Sound">Bolic Sound</a> recording studio, publishing companies, and real estate, and he kept his four cars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986169-241">[239]</a> Several promoters lost money and sued to recoup their losses. For almost two years, she received <a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">food stamps</a> and played small clubs to pay off debts.<a href="#cite_note-EW-19960802-118">[116]</a> Ike Turner stated on several occasions that he was never officially married to Turner because he was legally married to another woman at the time of their ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198697-242">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199997-243">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> However, they had a <a href="/wiki/Common-law_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Common-law marriage in the United States">common-law marriage</a> and still had to go through a formal divorce.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> He also stated that her birth name was Martha Nell Bullock (not Anna Mae Bullock).<a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> She signed her legal name as Martha Nell Turner on multiple contracts.<a href="#cite_note-Heritage_Auctions-1978-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-HA-2">[1]</a> In his autobiography <a href="/wiki/Takin%27_Back_My_Name" title="Takin' Back My Name">Takin' Back My Name</a>, Ike Turner stated: "Sure, I've slapped Tina. We had fights and there have been times when I punched her to the ground without thinking. But I never beat her."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999174-247">[245]</a> In a 1999 interview on <a href="/wiki/The_Roseanne_Show" title="The Roseanne Show">The Roseanne Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a> urged Ike to publicly apologize to Turner.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> In 2007, Ike told <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a> that he still loved her and he had written a letter apologizing for "putting her and the kids through that kind of stuff", but he never sent it.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> After his death on December 12, 2007, Turner issued a brief statement through her spokesperson: "Tina hasn't had any contact with Ike in more than 30 years. No further comment will be made."<a href="#cite_note-people-251">[249]</a> Turner's sister Alline still considered Ike her brother-in-law and attended his funeral.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> Phil Spector criticized Tina Turner at the funeral.<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> Turner told <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> in 2018 that "as an old person, I have forgiven him, but I would not work with him. He asked for one more tour with me, and I said, 'No, absolutely not.' Ike wasn't someone you could forgive and allow him back in."<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Erwin_Bach">Erwin Bach</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Erwin Bach">edit</a>]</div> In 1986, Turner met German music executive Erwin Bach, who was sent by her European record label (<a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a>) to greet Turner at <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport" title="Düsseldorf Airport">Düsseldorf Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> Bach was over sixteen years her junior.<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> Initially friends, they began dating later that year. In July 2013, after a 27-year romantic relationship, they married in a civil ceremony on the banks of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich</a> in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnacht" title="Küsnacht">Küsnacht</a>, Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children">Children</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Children">edit</a>]</div> Turner had two biological sons: one with Kings of Rhythm saxophonist Raymond Hill, named Raymond Craig, born on August 20, 1958, and the other with Ike Turner, Ronald "Ronnie" Renelle Turner, born on October 27, 1960.<a href="#cite_note-Tina_Turner:_Singer-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008175-44">[42]</a> She also adopted two of Ike Turner's children, raising them as her own.<a href="#cite_note-Tina_Turner:_Singer-4">[3]</a> Turner was 18 years of age when she gave birth to her eldest son.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198655-260">[258]</a> Ike Turner adopted Raymond Craig Hill, and changed his name to Craig Raymond Turner.<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> Craig was found dead in an apparent suicide in July 2018.<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> Turner's younger son, Ronnie, played bass guitar in a band called Manufactured Funk with songwriter and musician <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moten" title="Patrick Moten">Patrick Moten</a>. Ronnie also played for both of his parents' bands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198669-263">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000257-264">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986211-265">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eaton-2016-266">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999232-267">[265]</a> Through him, Turner had two grandchildren.<a href="#cite_note-Tina_Turner:_Singer-4">[3]</a> He was married to French singer <a href="/wiki/Afida_Turner" title="Afida Turner">Afida Turner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> Ronnie died from complications of <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colon cancer</a> in December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-RonnieCancer-269">[267]</a> During Turner's divorce trial, Ike sent their four sons to live with Tina and gave her money for one month's rent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986198-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiersh198540–41-270">[268]</a> Ike Turner Jr. worked as a sound engineer at <a href="/wiki/Bolic_Sound" title="Bolic Sound">Bolic Sound</a> and briefly for Turner after her divorce,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986170-240">[238]</a> later winning a Grammy Award for producing his father's album <a href="/wiki/Risin%27_with_the_Blues" title="Risin' with the Blues">Risin' with the Blues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a> He toured with former Ikette Randi Love as Sweet Randi Love and the Love Thang Band.<a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a> Ike Turner Jr. stated that he and his brothers had a distant relationship with their mother (Tina).<a href="#cite_note-Eaton-2016-266">[264]</a> Turner wrote in her autobiography I, Tina that after her divorce she became "a little bit estranged" from all her sons except Craig.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986172-273">[271]</a> In 1989, Turner told <a href="/wiki/TV_Week" title="TV Week">TV Week</a> that "she's still there for the boys",<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> but there were reports of Turner's estrangement from her sons in the years before her death.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_beliefs">Religious beliefs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religious beliefs">edit</a>]</div> Turner sometimes referred to herself as a "<a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>–Baptist", alluding to her upbringing in the <a href="/wiki/Baptist_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist church">Baptist church</a> where her father was a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> and her later conversion to Buddhism as an adult.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrth200442-277">[275]</a> In a 2016 interview with <a href="/wiki/Lion%27s_Roar_(magazine)" title="Lion's Roar (magazine)">Lion's Roar</a> magazine, she declared, "I consider myself a Buddhist."<a href="#cite_note-Andrea_Miller-278">[276]</a> The February 15, 1979, issue of Jet magazine featured Turner with her Buddhist altar on the cover.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> Turner credited the Liturgy of Nichiren Daishonin and <a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai_International" title="Soka Gakkai International">Soka Gakkai International</a> for her introduction to spiritual knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-ShSun-WLGTDWI-201109-281">[279]</a> Turner stated in her 1986 autobiography I, Tina that she was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren Buddhism</a> by one of Ike Turner's mistresses named Valerie Bishop, who taught her the chant <a href="/wiki/Namu_My%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_Renge_Ky%C5%8D" title="Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō">nam-myōhō-renge-kyō</a> in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986139-282">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldtribune-turner-283">[281]</a> Turner later stated in her 2020 spiritual memoir <a href="/wiki/Happiness_Becomes_You_(book)" title="Happiness Becomes You (book)">Happiness Becomes You</a> that her son, Ronnie Turner, first suggested she might benefit from chanting.<a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a> Turner practiced Buddhism with her neighborhood Soka Gakkai International chanting group.<a href="#cite_note-World_Tribune-2020-285">[283]</a> After chanting, Turner noticed positive changes in her life, which she attributed to her newfound spiritual practice. She said: "I realized that I had within me everyone I needed to change my life for the better."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986139-282">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-World_Tribune-2020-285">[283]</a> During the hardest times of her life, Turner chanted four hours per day, and although in later life she no longer chanted as much, she still maintained a daily practice.<a href="#cite_note-worldtribune-turner-283">[281]</a> Turner likened Buddhist chanting to singing. She told Lion's Roar: "Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is a song. In the <a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai" title="Soka Gakkai">Soka Gakkai</a> tradition we are taught how to sing it. It is a sound and a rhythm and it touches a place inside you. That place we try to reach is the subconscious mind. I believe that it is the highest place and, if you communicate with it, that is when you receive information on what to do."<a href="#cite_note-Andrea_Miller-278">[276]</a> Dramatizations of Turner chanting were included both in the 1993 film What's Love Got to Do with It and in the 2021 documentary film <a href="/wiki/Tina_(2021_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tina (2021 film)">Tina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> Turner met with the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsiedeln, Switzerland">Einsiedeln, Switzerland</a>, on August 2, 2005. She also met with Swiss-Tibetan Buddhist singer <a href="/wiki/Dechen_Shak-Dagsay" title="Dechen Shak-Dagsay">Dechen Shak-Dagsay</a> and in 2009 co-created a spiritual music project with Shak-Dagsay and Swiss singer Regula Curti called <a href="/wiki/Beyond_(Swiss_band)" title="Beyond (Swiss band)">Beyond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SWI-20090710-289">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residences,_citizenship,_and_wealth">Residences, citizenship, and wealth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Residences, citizenship, and wealth">edit</a>]</div> Turner began living at Château Algonquin in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnacht" title="Küsnacht">Küsnacht</a> on the shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich</a> in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> She had previously owned property in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, London, and Los Angeles, and a villa on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a> named Anna Fleur.<a href="#cite_note-293">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> In 2013, Turner applied for Swiss citizenship,<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a> stating she would <a href="/wiki/Relinquishment_of_United_States_nationality" title="Relinquishment of United States nationality">renounce her citizenship in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo20131114-298">[296]</a> The stated reasons for the relinquishment were that she no longer had any strong connections to the United States and "has no plans to reside" there in the future.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo20131114-298">[296]</a> In April, she undertook a mandatory <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_test" title="Citizenship test">citizenship test</a> which included advanced knowledge of German (the official language of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">canton of Zurich</a>) and of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss history">Swiss history</a>. On April 22, 2013, she became a citizen of Switzerland and was issued a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_passport" title="Swiss passport">Swiss passport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> Turner signed the paperwork to relinquish her American citizenship at the US embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> on October 24, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo20131114-298">[296]</a> Turner's wealth was estimated at 225 million <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss francs</a> (about US$250 million) in 2022 by the Swiss business magazine <a href="/wiki/Bilanz" title="Bilanz">Bilanz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Illness and death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_Algonquin_Flowers.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Villa_Algonquin_Flowers.jpeg/220px-Villa_Algonquin_Flowers.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Villa_Algonquin_Flowers.jpeg/330px-Villa_Algonquin_Flowers.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Villa_Algonquin_Flowers.jpeg/440px-Villa_Algonquin_Flowers.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Turner's home, Villa Algonquin in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnacht" title="Küsnacht">Küsnacht</a>, Switzerland, two days after her death</figcaption></figure> Turner revealed in her 2018 memoir My Love Story that she had multiple life-threatening illnesses.<a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> She had had <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">high blood pressure</a> since 1978, which remained mostly untreated, and resulted in damage to her <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidneys</a> and eventual <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">kidney failure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-People2023-302">[300]</a> In 2013, three weeks after her wedding to Erwin Bach, she had a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> and needed to learn to walk again.<a href="#cite_note-People2023-302">[300]</a> In 2016, she was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">intestinal cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-People2023-302">[300]</a> She attempted to treat her health problems with <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a>, which worsened her condition.<a href="#cite_note-People2023-302">[300]</a> Her chances of receiving a kidney transplant were considered low and she was urged to start <a href="/wiki/Kidney_dialysis" title="Kidney dialysis">dialysis</a>. She signed up with an organization that facilitates <a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide" title="Assisted suicide">assisted suicide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">a procedure which is legal in Switzerland</a>, becoming a member of <a href="/wiki/Exit_International" title="Exit International">Exit International</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> However, her husband offered to donate a kidney for transplant.<a href="#cite_note-New-12">[11]</a> She accepted his donation and had <a href="/wiki/Kidney_transplantation" title="Kidney transplantation">kidney transplantation</a> surgery on April 7, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a> Turner also openly discussed her feeling of shame after discovering that she had <a href="/wiki/Dyslexia" title="Dyslexia">dyslexia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> On May 24, 2023, Turner died at her home in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCsnacht" title="Küsnacht">Küsnacht</a>, Switzerland, aged 83, following years of illness.<a href="#cite_note-306">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a> Turner's body was cremated after a private funeral.<a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a> In the aftermath of her death, many fellow artists mourned her loss, including <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Paul-2023-309">[307]</a><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Archie-2023-310">[308]</a> <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Harry" title="Debbie Harry">Debbie Harry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Gaynor" title="Gloria Gaynor">Gloria Gaynor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Katona" title="Kerry Katona">Kerry Katona</a>,<a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Barnes" title="Jimmy Barnes">Jimmy Barnes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andre" title="Peter Andre">Peter Andre</a>,<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>,<a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a> <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AS-316">[314]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SKY-317">[315]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lizzo" title="Lizzo">Lizzo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-318">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Howard" title="Brittany Howard">Brittany Howard</a>,<a href="#cite_note-319">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Paul-2023-309">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Richards" title="Keith Richards">Keith Richards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-320">[318]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Wood" title="Ronnie Wood">Ronnie Wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[319]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(singer)" title="Fantasia (singer)">Fantasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patti_LaBelle" title="Patti LaBelle">Patti LaBelle</a>, respectively, paid tribute to Turner with a rendition of "<a href="/wiki/Proud_Mary" title="Proud Mary">Proud Mary</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/66th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="66th Annual Grammy Awards">66th Annual Grammy Awards</a> and a rendition of "The Best" at the <a href="/wiki/BET_Awards_2023" title="BET Awards 2023">2023 BET Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> Turner also received tributes by British model <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Campbell" title="Naomi Campbell">Naomi Campbell</a>, as well as film and television figures such as <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenifer_Lewis" title="Jenifer Lewis">Jenifer Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Paul-2023-309">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archie-2023-310">[308]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a><a href="#cite_note-SKY-317">[315]</a> and theater producer <a href="/wiki/Joop_van_den_Ende" title="Joop van den Ende">Joop van den Ende</a>.<a href="#cite_note-323">[321]</a> US president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, as well as former presidents <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, and Swiss president <a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Alain Berset</a> also paid tribute to Turner through public statements.<a href="#cite_note-Archie-2023-310">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a> paid tribute by allowing "<a href="/wiki/The_Best_(song)#Tina_Turner_version" title="The Best (song)">The Best</a>" to be performed during the <a href="/wiki/Guard_mounting" title="Guard mounting">changing of the guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a> On 25 May 2023, <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">theatres across the West End</a> of London, dimmed their lights for two minutes to mark Turner's passing.<a href="#cite_note-326">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_legacy_and_accolades">Musical legacy and accolades</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Musical legacy and accolades">edit</a>]</div> Often referred to as "The Queen of Rock and Roll", Turner is considered one of the greatest singers of all time.<a href="#cite_note-RS-19861023-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-rolling-327">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cosgrove-2019-328">[326]</a> An article in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> in 2018 noted her "swagger, sensuality, gravelly vocals and unstoppable energy", <a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-329">[327]</a> while <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> in 1996 noted that she was known for the appearance of her legs.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-1996-330">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gallery_of_The_Popular_Image-331">[329]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Loder" title="Kurt Loder">Kurt Loder</a> asserted that Turner's voice combined "the emotional force of the great blues singers with a sheer, wallpaper-peeling power that seemed made to order for the age of amplification".<a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-329">[327]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daphne_A._Brooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphne A. Brooks">Daphne A. Brooks</a>, a scholar of <a href="/wiki/African-American_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American studies">African-American studies</a>, wrote for <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>:<a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-329">[327]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Turner merged sound and movement at a critical turning point in rock history, navigating and reflecting back the technological innovations of a new pop-music era in the 60s and 70s. She catapulted herself to the forefront of a musical revolution that had long marginalized and overlooked the pioneering contributions of African American women and then remade herself again at an age when most pop musicians were hitting the oldies circuit. Turner's musical character has always been a charged combination of mystery as well as light, melancholy mixed with a ferocious vitality that often flirted with danger.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards,_honors_and_achievements">Awards, honors and achievements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Awards, honors and achievements">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tina_Turner" title="List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner">List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Grierson_with_Tina_Turner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Don_Grierson_with_Tina_Turner.jpg/220px-Don_Grierson_with_Tina_Turner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Don_Grierson_with_Tina_Turner.jpg/330px-Don_Grierson_with_Tina_Turner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Don_Grierson_with_Tina_Turner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Turner holding certification plaques with <a href="/wiki/Don_Grierson_(music_business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Grierson (music business)">Don Grierson</a></figcaption></figure> Turner previously held a <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness World Record">Guinness World Record</a> for the largest paying audience (180,000 in 1988) for a solo performer.<a href="#cite_note-upi88-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guinness-168">[166]</a> In the UK, Turner was the first artist to have a top 40 hit in seven consecutive decades; she has a total of 35 UK top 40 hits.<a href="#cite_note-Chart_UK-2018-211">[209]</a> She sold over 100 million records worldwide, including certified RIAA album sales of 10 million.<a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a> As of May 2023, Turner has reportedly sold around 100 to 150 million records worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a> Turner won a total of 12 Grammy Awards. These awards include eight competitive Grammy Awards;<a href="#cite_note-Grammy-2018-63">[61]</a> she shares the record (with <a href="/wiki/Pat_Benatar" title="Pat Benatar">Pat Benatar</a>, and with <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a>) for most awards (four) given for <a href="/wiki/Best_Female_Rock_Vocal_Performance" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Female Rock Vocal Performance">Best Female Rock Vocal Performance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-336">[334]</a> Three of her recordings, "River Deep – Mountain High" (1999), "Proud Mary" (2003), and "<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>" (2012) are in the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a> Turner is the only female artist to have won a Grammy in the pop, rock, and R&B fields.<a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a> Turner received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a> Turner also won Grammys as a member of USA for Africa and as a performer at the 1986 <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince's trust">Prince's trust</a> concert. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TINA_TURNER_STAR_ON_HOLLYWOOD_BLVD_20230528_155650_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TINA_TURNER_STAR_ON_HOLLYWOOD_BLVD_20230528_155650_2.jpg/220px-TINA_TURNER_STAR_ON_HOLLYWOOD_BLVD_20230528_155650_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TINA_TURNER_STAR_ON_HOLLYWOOD_BLVD_20230528_155650_2.jpg/330px-TINA_TURNER_STAR_ON_HOLLYWOOD_BLVD_20230528_155650_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TINA_TURNER_STAR_ON_HOLLYWOOD_BLVD_20230528_155650_2.jpg/440px-TINA_TURNER_STAR_ON_HOLLYWOOD_BLVD_20230528_155650_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6727" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>Turner's star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> covered with flowers and tributes from her fans on May 28, 2023</figcaption></figure> Turner received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in 1986 and a star on the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Walk_of_Fame" title="St. Louis Walk of Fame">St. Louis Walk of Fame</a> in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-Walk_of_Fame-2019-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[338]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo449327o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Photo449327o.jpg/220px-Photo449327o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Photo449327o.jpg/330px-Photo449327o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Photo449327o.jpg/440px-Photo449327o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Tina Turner star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame in University City, Missouri</figcaption></figure> After her death, her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was covered with flowers from loving fans. Fans around the world paid respect with flowers and candles lit outside her home in Switzerland and outside London's Aldwych Theatre – the home of the musical Tina. <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Gaynor" title="Gloria Gaynor">Gloria Gaynor</a> said Turner "paved the way for so many women in rock music, black and white". Turner was also praised by <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> as a "survivor" who overcame years of domestic abuse. <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> praised her for "singing her truth through joy and pain". The charity Women's Aid paid tribute with a quote from one of Turner's songs, saying: "She will always be simply the best."<a href="#cite_note-341">[339]</a> She was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> as a duo with Ike Turner in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-R&R_Hall_of_Fame-2020-176">[174]</a> In 2005, Turner received the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whitehouse-342">[340]</a> President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> commented on her "natural skill, the energy and sensuality",<a href="#cite_note-343">[341]</a> and referred to her legs as "the most famous in show business".<a href="#cite_note-344">[342]</a> Several artists paid tribute to her that night including <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Etheridge" title="Melissa Etheridge">Melissa Etheridge</a> (performing "River Deep – Mountain High"), <a href="/wiki/Queen_Latifah" title="Queen Latifah">Queen Latifah</a> (performing "What's Love Got to Do with It"), <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (performing "Proud Mary"), and Al Green (performing "Let's Stay Together"). <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> stated, "We don't need another hero. We need more heroines like you, Tina. You make me proud to spell my name w-o-m-a-n."<a href="#cite_note-345">[343]</a> In 2021, Turner was inducted by Angela Bassett into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-2021-216">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Urban" title="Keith Urban">Keith Urban</a> and <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a> performed "It's Only Love", <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Guyton" title="Mickey Guyton">Mickey Guyton</a> performed "What's Love Got to Do with It", and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> performed "River Deep – Mountain High".<a href="#cite_note-Smith-2021-216">[214]</a> Turner has also received the following honors: <ul><li>1967: Turner was the first black artist and first female on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_the_United_States_cover_of_Rolling_Stone_(1960s)" title="List of people on the United States cover of Rolling Stone (1960s)">cover of Rolling Stone magazine</a> (Issue No. 2).<a href="#cite_note-Turner-2019-84">[82]</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/World_Music_Awards" title="World Music Awards">World Music Awards</a> presented Turner with the Legend Award.<a href="#cite_note-346">[344]</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Essence_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Essence Awards">Essence Awards</a> honored Turner<a href="#cite_note-347">[345]</a> with the Living Legend Award.<a href="#cite_note-348">[346]</a></li> <li>1996: Turner received the accolade of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27Honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'Honneur">Légion d'Honneur</a> from the French education minister.<a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a></li> <li>1999: Turner ranked No. 2 on <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a>'s list of 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll.<a href="#cite_note-350">[348]</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_19" title="Tennessee State Route 19">Tennessee State Route 19</a> between Brownsville and Nutbush was named "Tina Turner Highway".<a href="#cite_note-351">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[351]</a></li> <li>2003: Rolling Stone ranked <a href="/wiki/Proud_Mary:_The_Best_of_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Proud Mary: The Best of Ike & Tina Turner">Proud Mary: The Best of Ike & Tina Turner</a> No. 212 on their list of the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time">500 Greatest Albums of All Time</a> (No. 214 on 2012 revised list).<a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[353]</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a> ranked her 1985 performance of "What's Love Got to Do With It" as one of the top 10 Grammy moments.<a href="#cite_note-PeopleTop10Grammys-356">[354]</a></li> <li>2008: Rolling Stone ranked Turner No. 17 on their list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-rolling-327">[325]</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> ranked her 1985 performance of "What's Love Got to Do With It" as one of the top 10 Grammy moments.<a href="#cite_note-TimeTop10Grammys-357">[355]</a></li> <li>2010: Rolling Stone ranked Turner No. 63 on their list of the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">100 Greatest Artists of All Time</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Stone-2010-358">[356]</a></li> <li>2013: Turner covered <a href="/wiki/List_of_Vogue_Deutsch_cover_models" title="List of Vogue Deutsch cover models">Vogue Germany</a>, becoming the oldest person (aged 73) to cover <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a> magazine, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (aged 62) who covered American Vogue in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-vogue-359">[357]</a></li> <li>2014: Turner was inducted into the Soul Music Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-360">[358]</a></li> <li>2015: Rolling Stone ranked Ike & Tina Turner No. 2 on their list of the 20 Greatest Duos of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-361">[359]</a></li> <li>2015: Ike & Tina Turner were inducted into the St. Louis Classic Rock Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-362">[360]</a></li> <li>2016: An image of Turner taken by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Robinson_(photographer)" title="Jack Robinson (photographer)">Jack Robinson</a> in 1969 was used as the cover for <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Shadow_Puppets" title="The Last Shadow Puppets">The Last Shadow Puppets</a> album <a href="/wiki/Everything_You%27ve_Come_to_Expect" title="Everything You've Come to Expect">Everything You've Come to Expect</a>.<a href="#cite_note-363">[361]</a></li> <li>2019: Turner was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Memphis Music Hall of Fame">Memphis Music Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-364">[362]</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer" title="Private Dancer">Private Dancer</a> was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Registry" title="National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[363]</a></li> <li>2021: Turner became a two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee.<a href="#cite_note-NPR-2021-366">[364]</a></li> <li>2021: Turner received an honorary doctorate for her "unique musical and artistic life's work" from the Philosophical and Historical Faculty of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bern" title="University of Bern">University of Bern</a>.<a href="#cite_note-367">[365]</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> released a <a href="/wiki/Barbie_doll" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbie doll">Barbie doll</a> in Turner's likeness to commemorate her single "What's Love Got to Do with It".<a href="#cite_note-368">[366]</a></li> <li>2023: Rolling Stone ranked Turner No. 55 on their list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-369">[367]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner_discography" title="Tina Turner discography">Tina Turner discography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_discography" title="Ike & Tina Turner discography">Ike & Tina Turner discography</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_written_by_Tina_Turner" title="List of songs written by Tina Turner">List of songs written by Tina Turner</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_written_by_Ike_Turner" title="List of songs written by Ike Turner">List of songs written by Ike Turner</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studio_albums">Studio albums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Studio albums">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turns_the_Country_On!" title="Tina Turns the Country On!">Tina Turns the Country On!</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Queen" title="Acid Queen">Acid Queen</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_(album)" title="Rough (album)">Rough</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Explosion" title="Love Explosion">Love Explosion</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer" title="Private Dancer">Private Dancer</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_Every_Rule" title="Break Every Rule">Break Every Rule</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affair" title="Foreign Affair">Foreign Affair</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildest_Dreams_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Wildest Dreams (Tina Turner album)">Wildest Dreams</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Four_Seven_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Twenty Four Seven (Tina Turner album)">Twenty Four Seven</a> (1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tours">Tours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tours">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_live_performances" title="List of Ike & Tina Turner live performances">List of Ike & Tina Turner live performances</a></div> <ul><li>1977: Australian Tour<a href="#cite_note-370">[368]</a></li> <li>1978: Tina Turner Revue<a href="#cite_note-371">[369]</a></li> <li>1979: Tina Turner Show<a href="#cite_note-372">[370]</a></li> <li>1981–1983: Tina Turner: Live in Concert<a href="#cite_note-373">[371]</a></li> <li>1984: 1984 World Tour<a href="#cite_note-374">[372]</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer_Tour" title="Private Dancer Tour">Private Dancer Tour</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[373]</a></li> <li>1987–1988: <a href="/wiki/Break_Every_Rule_World_Tour" title="Break Every Rule World Tour">Break Every Rule World Tour</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affair:_The_Farewell_Tour" title="Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour">Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love%3F_Tour" title="What's Love? Tour">What's Love? Tour</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a></li> <li>1996–1997: <a href="/wiki/Wildest_Dreams_Tour" title="Wildest Dreams Tour">Wildest Dreams Tour</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Four_Seven_Tour" title="Twenty Four Seven Tour">Twenty Four Seven Tour</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[378]</a></li> <li>2008–2009: <a href="/wiki/Tina!:_50th_Anniversary_Tour" title="Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour">Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_opening_act">As opening act</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: As opening act">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_American_Tour_1981" title="The Rolling Stones American Tour 1981">American Tour 1981</a> (for the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a>)<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a></li> <li>1981: Worth Leavin' Home For Tour (for <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a>)<a href="#cite_note-383">[381]</a></li> <li>1984: Can't Slow Down Tour (for <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a>)<a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Year </th> <th>Film </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Big_T.N.T._Show" title="The Big T.N.T. Show">The Big T.N.T. Show</a> </td> <td rowspan="6">Herself </td> <td>Sequel to <a href="/wiki/T.A.M.I._Show" title="T.A.M.I. Show">T.A.M.I. Show</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1970 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Your_Thing_(film)" title="It's Your Thing (film)">It's Your Thing</a> </td> <td>Documentary on <a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">the Isley Brothers</a> concert at Yankee Stadium<a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gimme_Shelter_(1970_film)" title="Gimme Shelter (1970 film)">Gimme Shelter</a> </td> <td>Documentary on <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_American_Tour_1969" title="The Rolling Stones American Tour 1969">1969 American tour</a><a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1971 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soul_to_Soul_(film)" title="Soul to Soul (film)">Soul to Soul</a> </td> <td>Documentary on the Independence Day concert in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[386]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taking_Off_(film)" title="Taking Off (film)">Taking Off</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schaefer_Music_Festival" title="Schaefer Music Festival">Good Vibrations from Central Park</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-389">[387]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1975 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tommy_(1975_film)" title="Tommy (1975 film)">Tommy</a> </td> <td>The Acid Queen </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ann-Margret Olsson </td> <td rowspan="2">Herself </td> <td>TV programme<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poiret est à vous </td> <td>TV variety show<a href="#cite_note-391">[389]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band_(film)" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (film)">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a> </td> <td>Our Guests at Heartland </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-392">[390]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td>Chuck Berry: Live at the Roxy with Tina Turner </td> <td>Herself </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_Beyond_Thunderdome" title="Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome">Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome</a> </td> <td>Aunty Entity </td> <td>Won (1986) – <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture</a><a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film)">What's Love Got to Do with it</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Herself </td> <td>Singing voice for <a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a>, also archive footage<a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tina Turner: Girl From Nutbush </td> <td>Documentary<a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Last_Action_Hero" title="Last Action Hero">Last Action Hero</a> </td> <td>The Mayor </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ally_McBeal" title="Ally McBeal">Ally McBeal</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Herself </td> <td>Episode: "The Oddball Parade"<a href="#cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_on_the_Road:_1971%E2%80%9372" title="Ike & Tina on the Road: 1971–72">Ike & Tina on the Road: 1971–72</a> </td> <td>Documentary filmed by rock photographer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gruen" title="Bob Gruen">Bob Gruen</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tina_(film)" title="Tina (film)">Tina</a> </td> <td>Documentary,<a href="#cite_note-394">[392]</a> final film role </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Tina! (1985).<a href="#cite_note-395">[393]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Tina" title="I, Tina">I, Tina: My Life Story</a> (1986)<a href="#cite_note-LATimes-396">[394]</a></li> <li>My Love Story: A Memoir, Atria Books (2018)<a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_Becomes_You_(book)" title="Happiness Becomes You (book)">Happiness Becomes You: A Guide to Changing Your Life for Good</a>, Atria Books (2020)<a href="#cite_note-398">[396]</a></li> <li>Tina Turner: That's My Life<a href="#cite_note-399">[397]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Contract-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Contract_1-0">^</a> Turner signed her legal name as Martha Nell Turner on contracts in 1977 and 1978. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Ike Turner stated her birth name was Martha Nell Bullock. Turner signed her legal name as Martha Nell Turner on contracts in 1977 and 1978. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HA-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HA_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HA_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HA_2-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s">"Tina Turner Signed Contract (1977) .... Music Memorabilia Autographs | Lot #52395"</a>. Heritage Auctions. October 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190731122402/https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+Auctions&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Signed+Contract+%281977%29+....+Music+Memorabilia+Autographs+%7C+Lot+%2352395&rft.date=2008-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.ha.com%2Fitm%2Fmusic-memorabilia%2Fautographs-and-signed-items%2Ftina-turner-signed-contract-1977-%2Fa%2F696-52395.s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heritage_Auctions-1978-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heritage_Auctions-1978_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heritage_Auctions-1978_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heritage_Auctions-1978_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s">"Tina Turner – Signed Agreement (1978) .... Music Memorabilia | Lot #23263"</a>. Heritage Auctions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816104230/https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heritage+Auctions&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+%E2%80%93+Signed+Agreement+%281978%29+....+Music+Memorabilia+%7C+Lot+%2323263&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.ha.com%2Fitm%2Fmusic-memorabilia%2Fautographs-and-signed-items%2Ftina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-%2Fa%2F606-23263.s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tina_Turner:_Singer-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tina_Turner:_Singer_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tina_Turner:_Singer_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tina_Turner:_Singer_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tina_Turner:_Singer_4-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/archive/tina-turner-singer-vol-53-no-18/">"Tina Turner: Singer"</a>. People. 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Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Rest+In+Peace+to+Tina+Turner%2C+a+True+Rock+%27n+Roll+Singer&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=Charles+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fnews-politics%2Fpolitics%2Fa43994081%2Ftina-turner-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnapes2023" class="citation web cs1">Snapes, Laura (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/24/tina-turner-legendary-rocknroll-singer-dies-aged-83">"Tina Turner: legendary rock'n'roll singer dies aged 83"</a>. The Guardian. 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Tina Turner | PBS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">Thirteen</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209172234/https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/aalives/profiles/turner.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thirteen&rft.atitle=African+American+Lives+2.+Profiles.+Tina+Turner+%7C+PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thirteen.org%2Fwnet%2Faalives%2Fprofiles%2Fturner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder19866-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder19866_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBock2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Bock, Scott M. (April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.livingblues.com/publication/?m=21747&i=485104&p=32">"Eugene 'Hideaway' Bridges"</a>. Living Blues. Vol. 49, no. 2. University, Mississippi: Center for the Study of Southern Culture. p. 31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210403095621/https://digital.livingblues.com/publication/?m=21747&i=485104&p=32">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2020. <q>But we ended up staying with my grandfather Jack Bullock. Anna Mae Bullock was Tina Turner. That was my mamma's cousin, so she is my second cousin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Living+Blues&rft.atitle=Eugene+%27Hideaway%27+Bridges&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2018-04&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=Scott+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.livingblues.com%2Fpublication%2F%3Fm%3D21747%26i%3D485104%26p%3D32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorris2000107-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorris2000107_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNorris2000">Norris 2000</a>, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates2005114-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGates2005114_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGates2005">Gates 2005</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorris200027-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorris200027_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNorris2000">Norris 2000</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorris200028-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorris200028_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNorris2000">Norris 2000</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008174-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008174_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008174_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008174_31-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFGulla2008">Gulla 2008</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171_32-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008171_32-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFGulla2008">Gulla 2008</a>, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198610–11-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198610–11_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 10–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200516-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego200516_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego200516_34-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBego2005">Bego 2005</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198629-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198629_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200526–28-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego200526–28_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBego2005">Bego 2005</a>, pp. 26–28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198632-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198632_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, pp. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2DC1331F933A25756C0A964958260">"Black History in St. Louis"</a>. 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Retrieved December 11, 2007. <q>... Sumner High School, the first school west of the Mississippi for blacks established in 1875 (among graduates are Grace Bumbry, Arthur Ashe, and Tina Turner) ....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Black+History+in+St.+Louis&rft.date=1992-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E0CE2DC1331F933A25756C0A964958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApril_Hunt" class="citation news cs1">April Hunt, For the AJC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/health/celebrities-you-never-knew-were-once-nurses/KKG8g0o3Td6C9O7tpDyznL/">"8 celebrities you never knew were once nurses"</a>. 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Retrieved July 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+With+Robbie+Montgomery&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft.aulast=Cooperman&rft.aufirst=Jeannette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlmag.com%2FA-Conversation-With-Robbie-Montgomery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199973-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199973_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199973_49-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199974-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199974_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176_51-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008176_51-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFGulla2008">Gulla 2008</a>, p. 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollis200325-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollis200325_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollis2003">Collis 2003</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000252-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000252_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000252_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKeen2000">McKeen 2000</a>, p. 252. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000253-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000253_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKeen2000">McKeen 2000</a>, p. 253. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199935-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199935_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200563-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego200563_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBego2005">Bego 2005</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199974–75-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199974–75_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, pp. 74–75. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreensmith2015" class="citation book cs1">Greensmith, Bill (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FPCVCgAAQBAJ&q=ann&pg=PA260">Blues Unlimited: Essential Interviews from the Original Blues Magazine</a>. Russell, Tony, Camarigg, Mark, Rowe, Mike. Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press. pp. 247–248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252097508" title="Special:BookSources/9780252097508"><bdi>9780252097508</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210403095646/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPCVCgAAQBAJ&q=ann&pg=PA260">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2021. 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Retrieved November 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=See+Ike+%26+Tina+Turner%27s+Explosive+James+Brown+Cover+From+Big+T.N.T.+DVD&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft.aulast=Kreps&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fsee-ike-tina-turners-explosive-james-brown-cover-from-big-t-n-t-dvd-124040%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2003" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Richard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a-F4AmTkYgwC&q=River+Deep+-+Mountain+High+phil+spector&pg=PA109">Phil Spector: out of his head</a>. Omnibus Press. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0711998647" title="Special:BookSources/0711998647"><bdi>0711998647</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210403095621/https://books.google.com/books?id=a-F4AmTkYgwC&q=River+Deep+-+Mountain+High+phil+spector&pg=PA109">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2021. Retrieved October 24, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phil+Spector%3A+out+of+his+head&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0711998647&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da-F4AmTkYgwC%26q%3DRiver%2BDeep%2B-%2BMountain%2BHigh%2Bphil%2Bspector%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1966/CB-1966-04-23.pdf">"Philips Signs Ike & Tina Turner"</a> (PDF). Cash Box: 45. April 23, 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218062722/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1966/CB-1966-04-23.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Philips+Signs+Ike+%26+Tina+Turner&rft.pages=45&rft.date=1966-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FCash-Box%2F60s%2F1966%2FCB-1966-04-23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1966/CB-1966-04-30.pdf">"Ike & Tina to Philles"</a> (PDF). Cash Box: 56. April 30, 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218062549/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1966/CB-1966-04-30.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Ike+%26+Tina+to+Philles&rft.pages=56&rft.date=1966-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FCash-Box%2F60s%2F1966%2FCB-1966-04-30.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc21-80"><a href="#cite_ref-pc21_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilliland1969" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gilliland" title="John Gilliland">Gilliland, John</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19772/m1">"Show 21 – Forty Miles of Bad Road: Some of the best from rock 'n' roll's dark ages. Part 2: UNT Digital Library"</a> (audio). <a href="/wiki/Pop_Chronicles" title="Pop Chronicles">Pop Chronicles</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas_Libraries" title="University of North Texas Libraries">University of North Texas Libraries</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pop+Chronicles&rft.atitle=Show+21+%E2%80%93+Forty+Miles+of+Bad+Road%3A+Some+of+the+best+from+rock+%27n%27+roll%27s+dark+ages.+Part+2%3A+UNT+Digital+Library&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gilliland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc19772%2Fm1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://los40.com/lista40/cuando_naciste/19661217">"Cuando nací era número 1 de los 40: (1966-12-17) Ike & Tina Turner: River Deep – Mountain High"</a>. LOS40 (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322142547/https://los40.com/lista40/cuando_naciste/19661217">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LOS40&rft.atitle=Cuando+nac%C3%AD+era+n%C3%BAmero+1+de+los+40%3A+%281966-12-17%29+Ike+%26+Tina+Turner%3A+River+Deep+%E2%80%93+Mountain+High&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flos40.com%2Flista40%2Fcuando_naciste%2F19661217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/60s/1966/Billboard%201966-06-18.pdf">"Billboard Hot 100"</a> (PDF). Billboard. June 18, 1966. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Billboard+Hot+100&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1966-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F60s%2F1966%2FBillboard%25201966-06-18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986102-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986102_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner-2019-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turner-2019_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turner-2019_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Turner, Tina (November 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/tina-turner-musical-broadway-essay-906671/">"Tina Turner on Her Journey to Broadway"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415132617/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/tina-turner-musical-broadway-essay-906671/">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+on+Her+Journey+to+Broadway&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-features%2Ftina-turner-musical-broadway-essay-906671%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-pictures/tina-turner-rolling-stone-covers-916255/rs002-2/">"Tina Turner on the Cover of Rolling Stone"</a>. Rolling Stone. November 23, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128161858/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-pictures/tina-turner-rolling-stone-covers-916255/rs002-2/">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+on+the+Cover+of+Rolling+Stone&rft.date=2019-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-pictures%2Ftina-turner-rolling-stone-covers-916255%2Frs002-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1969" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Pete (March 30, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-ike-and-tina-turne/130155043/">"Popular Records: New Album From Ike, Tina Turner"</a>. The Los Angeles Times Calendar. p. 46. Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times+Calendar&rft.atitle=Popular+Records%3A+New+Album+From+Ike%2C+Tina+Turner&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1969-03-30&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-los-angeles-times-ike-and-tina-turne%2F130155043%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billboard-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Billboard_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/60s/1969/BB-1969-10-18.pdf">"Album Reviews"</a> (PDF). Billboard. October 18, 1969.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Album+Reviews&rft.date=1969-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F60s%2F1969%2FBB-1969-10-18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blues-88"><a href="#cite_ref-blues_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogdanovWoodstraErlewine2003" class="citation book cs1">Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nS2l6Z_J99kC">All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues</a> (3rd ed.). Hal Leonard Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87930-736-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87930-736-6"><bdi>0-87930-736-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+Music+Guide+to+the+Blues%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+to+the+Blues&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-87930-736-6&rft.aulast=Bogdanov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.au=Woodstra%2C+Chris&rft.au=Erlewine%2C+Stephen+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnS2l6Z_J99kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986158-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986158_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 158. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Newport 69 to Showcase 30 Pop-Rock Super Stars". The Van Nuys News. June 10, 1969. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Van+Nuys+News&rft.atitle=Newport+69+to+Showcase+30+Pop-Rock+Super+Stars&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1969-06-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegley1969" class="citation news cs1">Begley, Mary (June 2, 1969). "Spotlights Turn Her On". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. pp. 4D.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Post-Dispatch&rft.atitle=Spotlights+Turn+Her+On&rft.pages=4D&rft.date=1969-06-02&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasindorf1969" class="citation news cs1">Kasindorf, Martin (December 21, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/dayton-daily-news-ike-and-tuna-turner-t/132712035/">"Ike and Tina Turner: The Sex Revolution on Stage"</a>. Dayton Daily News. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dayton+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Ike+and+Tina+Turner%3A+The+Sex+Revolution+on+Stage&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1969-12-21&rft.aulast=Kasindorf&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fdayton-daily-news-ike-and-tuna-turner-t%2F132712035%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuntagh2017" class="citation web cs1">Runtagh, Jordan (September 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/music/hugh-hefner-dead-playboy-after-dark-music-performances/">"15 Electrifying Musical Performances from Hugh Hefner's Playboy After Dark"</a>. People. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190723231819/https://people.com/music/hugh-hefner-dead-playboy-after-dark-music-performances/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=15+Electrifying+Musical+Performances+from+Hugh+Hefner%27s+Playboy+After+Dark&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft.aulast=Runtagh&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Fmusic%2Fhugh-hefner-dead-playboy-after-dark-music-performances%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edsullivan.com/ike-tina-turner-on-the-ed-sullivan-show/">"Ike & Tina Turner on The Ed Sullivan Show"</a>. The Official Ed Sullivan Site. January 11, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921110112/http://www.edsullivan.com/ike-tina-turner-on-the-ed-sullivan-show/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Ed+Sullivan+Site&rft.atitle=Ike+%26+Tina+Turner+on+The+Ed+Sullivan+Show&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edsullivan.com%2Fike-tina-turner-on-the-ed-sullivan-show%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aNsDAAAAMBAJ&q=The+Andy+Williams+Show+ike+tina&pg=PA92">"Ike & Tina Turner"</a>. Ebony: 92. May 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=Ike+%26+Tina+Turner&rft.pages=92&rft.date=1971-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaNsDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DThe%2BAndy%2BWilliams%2BShow%2Bike%2Btina%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1970" class="citation journal cs1">Lloyd, Jack (May 3, 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer-ike-and-tina-t/129056809/">"Tina Turner Scores As World's 'Sexiest' Singer"</a>. The Philadelphia Inquirer: 4 5a.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Scores+As+World%27s+%27Sexiest%27+Singer&rft.pages=4+5a&rft.date=1970-05-03&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-philadelphia-inquirer-ike-and-tina-t%2F129056809%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWesy1970" class="citation news cs1">Wesy, Hollie I. (November 27, 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun-ike-and-tina-turner-wor/129055546/">"Tina Turner Can Turn On Middle Americans As Well"</a>. The Herald-Sun. pp. 16C.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald-Sun&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Can+Turn+On+Middle+Americans+As+Well&rft.pages=16C&rft.date=1970-11-27&rft.aulast=Wesy&rft.aufirst=Hollie+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-herald-sun-ike-and-tina-turner-wor%2F129055546%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitburn2004645-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitburn2004645_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitburn2004">Whitburn 2004</a>, p. 645. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGulla2008182-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGulla2008182_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGulla2008">Gulla 2008</a>, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986160-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986160_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiersh198537–38-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiersh198537–38_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiersh1985">Kiersh 1985</a>, pp. 37–38. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-01-23.pdf">"UA Corp Absorbs Lines; UA Records Sole Disk Co"</a> (PDF). Billboard. January 23, 1971. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=UA+Corp+Absorbs+Lines%3B+UA+Records+Sole+Disk+Co.&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1971-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F70s%2F1971%2FBillboard%25201971-01-23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-07-15.pdf">"Album Reviews: Ike & Tina Turner – Feel Good"</a> (PDF). Billboard. July 15, 1972. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Album+Reviews%3A+Ike+%26+Tina+Turner+%E2%80%93+Feel+Good&rft.pages=50&rft.date=1972-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F70s%2F1972%2FBB-1972-07-15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckman1972" class="citation news cs1">Beckman, Don (October 29, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/29/archives/music-rally-for-mcgovern-women-stars-turn-out-at-the-garden-in.html">"Music: Rally for McGovern"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved September 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Music%3A+Rally+for+McGovern&rft.date=1972-10-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Beckman&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F10%2F29%2Farchives%2Fmusic-rally-for-mcgovern-women-stars-turn-out-at-the-garden-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dutchcharts.nl/search.asp?todo=notfound">"Ike & Tina Turner – Nutbush City Limits"</a>. Dutch Charts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200214151751/https://dutchcharts.nl/search.asp?todo=notfound">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dutch+Charts&rft.atitle=Ike+%26+Tina+Turner+%E2%80%93+Nutbush+City+Limits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdutchcharts.nl%2Fsearch.asp%3Ftodo%3Dnotfound&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Record-World/70s/74/RW-1974-01-05.pdf">"They're The Limit!"</a> (PDF). Record World: 27. January 5, 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Record+World&rft.atitle=They%27re+The+Limit%21&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1974-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Record-World%2F70s%2F74%2FRW-1974-01-05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-12-28.pdf">"Golden First For The Turner's"</a> (PDF). Cash Box: 116. December 28, 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Golden+First+For+The+Turner%27s&rft.pages=116&rft.date=1974-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Cash-Box%2F70s%2F1974%2FCB-1974-12-28.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/ike-turner">"Ike Turner"</a>. Recording Academy Grammy Awards. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200719150107/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/ike-turner">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recording+Academy+Grammy+Awards&rft.atitle=Ike+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fartists%2Fike-turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetts2015" class="citation news cs1">Betts, Stephen L. (February 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/flashback-tina-turner-covers-dolly-parton-kris-kristofferson-on-first-solo-album-236697/">"Flashback: Tina Turner Covers Dolly Parton, Kris Kristofferson on First Solo Album"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118122958/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/flashback-tina-turner-covers-dolly-parton-kris-kristofferson-on-first-solo-album-236697/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Flashback%3A+Tina+Turner+Covers+Dolly+Parton%2C+Kris+Kristofferson+on+First+Solo+Album&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft.aulast=Betts&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-country%2Fflashback-tina-turner-covers-dolly-parton-kris-kristofferson-on-first-solo-album-236697%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-05-11.pdf">"Tina to 'Tommy'"</a> (PDF). Cash Box: 27. May 11, 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Tina+to+%27Tommy%27&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1974-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FCash-Box%2F70s%2F1974%2FCB-1974-05-11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilker2023" class="citation web cs1">Wilker, Deborah (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/tina-turner-dead-electrifying-entertainer-feminist-hero-1235499856/">"Tina Turner, Electrifying Entertainer and Feminist Hero, Dies at 83"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%2C+Electrifying+Entertainer+and+Feminist+Hero%2C+Dies+at+83&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Wilker&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic-news%2Ftina-turner-dead-electrifying-entertainer-feminist-hero-1235499856%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOthello2012" class="citation book cs1">Othello, Jeffrey (June 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GglkAAAACAAJ">The Soul of Rock 'N Roll: A History of African Americans in Rock Music</a>. Regent Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781623091163" title="Special:BookSources/9781623091163"><bdi>9781623091163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soul+of+Rock+%27N+Roll%3A+A+History+of+African+Americans+in+Rock+Music&rft.pub=Regent+Press&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft.isbn=9781623091163&rft.aulast=Othello&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGglkAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1975/Billboard-1975-12-13.pdf">"Billboard Hot Soul Singles"</a> (PDF). Billboard. December 13, 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Billboard+Hot+Soul+Singles&rft.date=1975-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F70s%2F1975%2FBillboard-1975-12-13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum2012" class="citation news cs1">Rosenbaum, Jason (February 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riverfronttimes.com/music/ike-turner-and-cocaine-a-devastating-dance-2674413">"Ike Turner and Cocaine: A Devastating Dance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Times" title="Riverfront Times">Riverfront Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308153632/https://www.riverfronttimes.com/musicblog/2012/02/16/ike-turner-and-cocaine-a-devastating-dance">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Riverfront+Times&rft.atitle=Ike+Turner+and+Cocaine%3A+A+Devastating+Dance&rft.date=2012-02-16&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riverfronttimes.com%2Fmusic%2Fike-turner-and-cocaine-a-devastating-dance-2674413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999180-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999180_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''198638-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Ebony''198638_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEbony1986">Ebony 1986</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986190–192-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986190–192_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, pp. 190–192. </li> <li id="cite_note-EW-19960802-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EW-19960802_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EW-19960802_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyehimba1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Tyehimba, Cheo (August 2, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/1996/08/02/tina-turner-left-ike-20-years-ago/">"Tina Turner left Ike 20 years ago"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421164821/https://ew.com/article/1996/08/02/tina-turner-left-ike-20-years-ago/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+left+Ike+20+years+ago&rft.date=1996-08-02&rft.aulast=Tyehimba&rft.aufirst=Cheo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F1996%2F08%2F02%2Ftina-turner-left-ike-20-years-ago%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986173-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986173_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999270-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999270_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMabery198688–90-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMabery198688–90_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMabery1986">Mabery 1986</a>, pp. 88–90. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qb8DAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+turner+sued+jet&pg=PA59">"Temple U. Sues Ike And Tina Turner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a>. August 4, 1977. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Temple+U.+Sues+Ike+And+Tina+Turner&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1977-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqb8DAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dtina%2Bturner%2Bsued%2Bjet%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986198-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986198_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986198_123-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986203-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986203_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas1978" class="citation news cs1">Lucas, Bob (January 5, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WL8DAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+turner+jet+1978&pg=PA21">"New Year, New Tina, New Title"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a>. pp. 20–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=New+Year%2C+New+Tina%2C+New+Title&rft.pages=20-24&rft.date=1978-01-05&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWL8DAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dtina%2Bturner%2Bjet%2B1978%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas1977" class="citation news cs1">Lucas, Bob (July 28, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qr8DAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+turner+caesars+palace+1977&pg=PA58">"Trials And Triumphs Test Tina Turner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a>. pp. 58–60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Trials+And+Triumphs+Test+Tina+Turner&rft.pages=58-60&rft.date=1977-07-28&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqr8DAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dtina%2Bturner%2Bcaesars%2Bpalace%2B1977%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowMaddoxGeraetsBoulton2023" class="citation news cs1">Low, Lenny Ann; Maddox, Garry; Geraets, Nell; Boulton, Martin (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/culture/music/tremendously-powerful-presence-george-miller-jimmy-barnes-pay-tributes-to-tina-turner-20230525-p5db4c.html">"Thunderdome, Nutbush and rugby league: George Miller, Jimmy Barnes honour Tina Turner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Thunderdome%2C+Nutbush+and+rugby+league%3A+George+Miller%2C+Jimmy+Barnes+honour+Tina+Turner&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft.aulast=Low&rft.aufirst=Lenny+Ann&rft.au=Maddox%2C+Garry&rft.au=Geraets%2C+Nell&rft.au=Boulton%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2Ftremendously-powerful-presence-george-miller-jimmy-barnes-pay-tributes-to-tina-turner-20230525-p5db4c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWynn198570-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWynn198570_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWynn1985">Wynn 1985</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoenig198620–30-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoenig198620–30_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKoenig1986">Koenig 1986</a>, pp. 20–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986176-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986176_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiscreto.info/2019/11/tina-turner-anni-ottanta-i-meriti-di-pippo-baudo.html">"Tina Turner anni Ottanta, i meriti di Pippo Baudo"</a>. Indiscreto (in Italian). November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indiscreto&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+anni+Ottanta%2C+i+meriti+di+Pippo+Baudo&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiscreto.info%2F2019%2F11%2Ftina-turner-anni-ottanta-i-meriti-di-pippo-baudo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986176–177-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986176–177_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 176–177. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=abADAAAAMBAJ&q=south+africa+tina+turner+1979&pg=PA52">"Should Famous Blacks Entertain In South Africa"</a>. Jet: 55. May 27, 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Should+Famous+Blacks+Entertain+In+South+Africa&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1985-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DabADAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dsouth%2Bafrica%2Btina%2Bturner%2B1979%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1981" class="citation news cs1">Palmer, Robert (October 28, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/28/arts/pop-life.html">"The Pop Life"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524084953/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/28/arts/pop-life.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Pop+Life&rft.date=1981-10-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F10%2F28%2Farts%2Fpop-life.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRockwell1981" class="citation news cs1">Rockwell, John (November 7, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/07/arts/pop-the-stones-at-play.html">"Pop: The Stones at Play"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524080514/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/07/arts/pop-the-stones-at-play.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pop%3A+The+Stones+at+Play&rft.date=1981-11-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rockwell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F11%2F07%2Farts%2Fpop-the-stones-at-play.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFissinger198582-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFissinger198582_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFissinger1985">Fissinger 1985</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fDoDAAAAMBAJ&q=african+americans+MTV+tina+turner+1983&pg=PA16">"Why It Took MTV So Long To Play Black Music Videos"</a>. Jet: 16. October 9, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Why+It+Took+MTV+So+Long+To+Play+Black+Music+Videos&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2006-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfDoDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dafrican%2Bamericans%2BMTV%2Btina%2Bturner%2B1983%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Heller, Jason (March 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/chuck-berry-10-great-collaborations-116615/chuck-berry-and-tina-turner-rock-and-roll-music-1982-117119/">"Chuck Berry: 10 Great Collaborations"</a>. Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Chuck+Berry%3A+10+Great+Collaborations&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2Fchuck-berry-10-great-collaborations-116615%2Fchuck-berry-and-tina-turner-rock-and-roll-music-1982-117119%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benarde-1985-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Benarde-1985_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benarde-1985_139-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benarde-1985_139-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenarde1985" class="citation web cs1">Benarde, Scott (November 29, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-11-29-8502230794-story.html">"Turner Excels in Gritty Role of a Soul Survivor"</a>. Sun-Sentinel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205062129/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-11-29-8502230794-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Turner+Excels+in+Gritty+Role+of+a+Soul+Survivor&rft.date=1985-11-29&rft.aulast=Benarde&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Ffl-xpm-1985-11-29-8502230794-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986188-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986188_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 188. </li> <li id="cite_note-Chart_Stats:_Tina_Turner_(Let's_Stay_Together)-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Chart_Stats:_Tina_Turner_(Let's_Stay_Together)_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/Let's+Stay+Together">"The Official Charts Company – Let's Stay Together by Tina Turner Search"</a>. The Official Charts Company. May 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Official+Charts+Company+%E2%80%93+Let%27s+Stay+Together+by+Tina+Turner+Search&rft.pub=The+Official+Charts+Company&rft.date=2016-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fsearch%2Fsingles%2FLet%27s%2BStay%2BTogether&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tina_Turner:_Let's_Stay_Together_(song)-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Tina_Turner:_Let's_Stay_Together_(song)_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Tina+Turner&titel=Let%27s+Stay+Together&cat=s">"Tina Turner: Let's Stay Together (song)"</a>. Hung Medien. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715232848/http://www.dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Tina+Turner&titel=Let%27s+Stay+Together&cat=s">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hung+Medien&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+Let%27s+Stay+Together+%28song%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dutchcharts.nl%2Fshowitem.asp%3Finterpret%3DTina%2BTurner%26titel%3DLet%2527s%2BStay%2BTogether%26cat%3Ds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billboard-2019-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard-2019_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard-2019_143-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/tina-turner/chart-history">"Tina Turner Chart History"</a>. Billboard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128121910/https://www.billboard.com/music/tina-turner/chart-history">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Chart+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Ftina-turner%2Fchart-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/tina-turner">"Tina Turner Private Dancer Chart History"</a>. Billboard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112192801/https://www.billboard.com/music/tina-turner">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Private+Dancer+Chart+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Ftina-turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez" class="citation web cs1">Lopez, Korina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/06/22/summer-of-1984-we-totally-loved-these-three-albums/10595863/">"Summer of '84: We totally loved these three albums"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128121824/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/06/22/summer-of-1984-we-totally-loved-these-three-albums/10595863/">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Summer+of+%2784%3A+We+totally+loved+these+three+albums&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Korina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fmusic%2F2014%2F06%2F22%2Fsummer-of-1984-we-totally-loved-these-three-albums%2F10595863%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIAA-2020-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RIAA-2020_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIAA-2020_146-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIAA-2020_146-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=tina+turner#search_section">"Gold & Platinum – RIAA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924125806/https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=tina+turner#search_section">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft.atitle=Gold+%26+Platinum+%E2%80%93+RIAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26se%3Dtina%2Bturner%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/1307581/apra-lauds-aussie-manager-davies">"APRA Lauds Aussie Manager Davies"</a>. Billboard. June 9, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024090216/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/1307581/apra-lauds-aussie-manager-davies">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=APRA+Lauds+Aussie+Manager+Davies&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fbusiness%2F1307581%2Fapra-lauds-aussie-manager-davies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Norris, Sharon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1411">"Tina Turner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Encyclopedia_of_History_and_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture">Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522084619/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1411">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner&rft.btitle=Tennessee+Encyclopedia+of+History+and+Culture&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftennesseeencyclopedia.net%2Fentry.php%3Frec%3D1411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/what%27s-love-got-to-do-with-it/">"what's love got to do with it | full Official Chart History"</a>. Official Charts Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128203511/https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/what%27s-love-got-to-do-with-it/">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=what%27s+love+got+to+do+with+it+%26%23124%3B+full+Official+Chart+History&rft.pub=Official+Charts+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fsearch%2Fsingles%2Fwhat%2527s-love-got-to-do-with-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/grammy-rewind-watch-tina-turner-win-best-pop-vocal-performance-female-1985-grammys">"Watch Tina Turner Win Best Pop Vocal Performance"</a>. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. November 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603124454/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/grammy-rewind-watch-tina-turner-win-best-pop-vocal-performance-female-1985-grammys">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watch+Tina+Turner+Win+Best+Pop+Vocal+Performance&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Recording+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fnews%2Fgrammy-rewind-watch-tina-turner-win-best-pop-vocal-performance-female-1985-grammys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiMartino2016" class="citation book cs1">DiMartino, Dave (April 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aR8GDAAAQBAJ&q=better+be+good+to+me+private+dancer+succerss&pg=PT2034">Music in the 20th Century (3 Vol Set)</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317464297" title="Special:BookSources/9781317464297"><bdi>9781317464297</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+the+20th+Century+%283+Vol+Set%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-04-15&rft.isbn=9781317464297&rft.aulast=DiMartino&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaR8GDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbetter%2Bbe%2Bgood%2Bto%2Bme%2Bprivate%2Bdancer%2Bsuccerss%26pg%3DPT2034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPegg2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Pegg" title="Nicholas Pegg">Pegg, Nicholas</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LqFkDQAAQBAJ">The Complete David Bowie</a> (Revised and Updated ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Titan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan Books">Titan Books</a>. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78565-365-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78565-365-0"><bdi>978-1-78565-365-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+David+Bowie&rft.place=London&rft.pages=287&rft.edition=Revised+and+Updated&rft.pub=Titan+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78565-365-0&rft.aulast=Pegg&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLqFkDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego2005182-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego2005182_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBego2005">Bego 2005</a>, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichtenfeld2007" class="citation book cs1">Lichtenfeld, Eric (2007). Action Speaks Louder: Violence, Spectacle, and the American Action Movie. Wesleyan University Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6801-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6801-4"><bdi>978-0-8195-6801-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Action+Speaks+Louder%3A+Violence%2C+Spectacle%2C+and+the+American+Action+Movie&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-6801-4&rft.aulast=Lichtenfeld&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mLQDAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+turner">"Tina Turner Excels In First Dramatic Role In 'Mad Max' Movie"</a>. Jet. 68 (20): 28–30. July 29, 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Excels+In+First+Dramatic+Role+In+%27Mad+Max%27+Movie&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=28-30&rft.date=1985-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmLQDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dtina%2Bturner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1995" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Robert Clyde (1995). To be Continued: Soap Operas Around the World. Routledge. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-11006-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-11006-8"><bdi>0-415-11006-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+be+Continued%3A+Soap+Operas+Around+the+World&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-415-11006-8&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Robert+Clyde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dCoEAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+turner+NAACP+mad+max&pg=PA42">"Image Awards"</a>. The Crisis. 93 (1): 42. January 1986.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Crisis&rft.atitle=Image+Awards&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1986-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdCoEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dtina%2Bturner%2BNAACP%2Bmad%2Bmax%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenisoff1988" class="citation book cs1">Denisoff, R. Serge (1988). Inside MTV. Transaction Publishers. pp. 274, 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88738-864-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88738-864-7"><bdi>0-88738-864-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+MTV&rft.pages=274%2C+278&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-88738-864-7&rft.aulast=Denisoff&rft.aufirst=R.+Serge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tina2018-159"><a href="#cite_ref-Tina2018_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2018" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, Daphne (March 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/mar/22/tina-turner-the-making-of-a-rocknroll-revolutionary">"Tina Turner: the making of a rock'n'roll revolutionary"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121143/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/mar/22/tina-turner-the-making-of-a-rocknroll-revolutionary">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+the+making+of+a+rock%27n%27roll+revolutionary&rft.date=2018-03-22&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Daphne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2018%2Fmar%2F22%2Ftina-turner-the-making-of-a-rocknroll-revolutionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2015" class="citation web cs1">Kent, Lucinda (July 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-13/live-aid-30th-anniversary-seven-things-need-to-know/6615328">"Live Aid at 30: Seven things about Bob Geldof's charity concert"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213223515/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-13/live-aid-30th-anniversary-seven-things-need-to-know/6615328">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2019. Retrieved June 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Live+Aid+at+30%3A+Seven+things+about+Bob+Geldof%27s+charity+concert&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2015-07-13&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-07-13%2Flive-aid-30th-anniversary-seven-things-need-to-know%2F6615328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/it%27s-only-love/">"it's only love – full Official Chart History"</a>. Official Charts Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505010028/https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/it%27s-only-love/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=it%27s+only+love+%E2%80%93+full+Official+Chart+History&rft.pub=Official+Charts+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fsearch%2Fsingles%2Fit%2527s-only-love%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wikane-2018-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Wikane-2018_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Wikane2018" class="citation web cs1">John Wikane, Christian (February 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popmatters.com/tina-turners-lifetime-grammy-gold-2532222628.html">"Jewels for the Queen: Tina Turner's Lifetime of Grammy Gold"</a>. PopMatters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180304172615/https://www.popmatters.com/tina-turners-lifetime-grammy-gold-2532222628.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PopMatters&rft.atitle=Jewels+for+the+Queen%3A+Tina+Turner%27s+Lifetime+of+Grammy+Gold&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft.aulast=John+Wikane&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popmatters.com%2Ftina-turners-lifetime-grammy-gold-2532222628.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/80s/1987/Billboard-1987-08-15.pdf">"Break Every Rule"</a> (PDF). Billboard. August 15, 1987. pp. T-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205080926/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/80s/1987/Billboard-1987-08-15.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Break+Every+Rule&rft.pages=T-22&rft.date=1987-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Billboard%2F80s%2F1987%2FBillboard-1987-08-15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.offiziellecharts.de/album-details-443">"Tina Turner – Break Every Rule"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/GfK_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="GfK Entertainment">GfK Entertainment</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151027203737/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/album-details-443">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner+%E2%80%93+Break+Every+Rule&rft.pub=GfK+Entertainment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.offiziellecharts.de%2Falbum-details-443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walk_of_Fame-2019-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walk_of_Fame-2019_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walk_of_Fame-2019_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.walkoffame.com/tina-turner">"Tina Turner"</a>. Hollywood Walk of Fame. October 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103022626/https://www.walkoffame.com/tina-turner">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hollywood+Walk+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walkoffame.com%2Ftina-turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilburn1988" class="citation news cs1">Hilburn, Robert (January 23, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-23-ca-9654-story.html#:~:text=Pollstar's%20estimate%20of%20the%20other,million%20(101)%3B%20Boston%2C%20%2418.1">"U2's $35-Million Gross Is Highest for '87 Tour"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909194112/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-23-ca-9654-story.html#:~:text=Pollstar's%20estimate%20of%20the%20other,million%20(101)%3B%20Boston%2C%20%2418.1">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=U2%27s+%2435-Million+Gross+Is+Highest+for+%2787+Tour&rft.date=1988-01-23&rft.aulast=Hilburn&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-01-23-ca-9654-story.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPollstar%27s%2520estimate%2520of%2520the%2520other%2Cmillion%2520%28101%29%253B%2520Boston%252C%2520%252418.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-upi88-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-upi88_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-upi88_167-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/01/17/Mini-skirted-Tina-Turner-claims-record-audience/7848569394000/">"Mini-skirted Tina Turner claims record audience"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. January 17, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181101135944/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/01/17/Mini-skirted-Tina-Turner-claims-record-audience/7848569394000/">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Mini-skirted+Tina+Turner+claims+record+audience&rft.date=1988-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1988%2F01%2F17%2FMini-skirted-Tina-Turner-claims-record-audience%2F7848569394000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guinness-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guinness_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guinness_168-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/5/mad-max-fury-road-ten-road-warrior-themed-world-records-378880">"Mad Max Fury Road: Ten Road Warrior themed world records"</a>. guinnessworldrecords.com. May 15, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113025507/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/5/mad-max-fury-road-ten-road-warrior-themed-world-records-378880">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guinnessworldrecords.com&rft.atitle=Mad+Max+Fury+Road%3A+Ten+Road+Warrior+themed+world+records&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F5%2Fmad-max-fury-road-ten-road-warrior-themed-world-records-378880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/celebrity/tina-turner-life-in-pictures/ss-BBeOZMP">"Tina Turner: Life in pictures"</a>. MSN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505012300/https://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/celebrity/tina-turner-life-in-pictures/ss-BBeOZMP">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner%3A+Life+in+pictures&rft.pub=MSN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrity%2Ftina-turner-life-in-pictures%2Fss-BBeOZMP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1989" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Connie (September 17, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-09-17-ca-351-story.html">"Tina Turner 'Foreign Affair.' Capitol ***:***** Great Balls of Fire:**** Knockin' on Heaven's:*** Good Vibrations:** Maybe Baby:* Ain't That a Shame"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205062129/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-09-17-ca-351-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+%27Foreign+Affair.%27+Capitol+%2A%2A%2A%3A%2A%2A%2A%2A%2A+Great+Balls+of+Fire%3A%2A%2A%2A%2A+Knockin%27+on+Heaven%27s%3A%2A%2A%2A+Good+Vibrations%3A%2A%2A+Maybe+Baby%3A%2A+Ain%27t+That+a+Shame&rft.date=1989-09-17&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Connie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-09-17-ca-351-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-totalsales-171"><a href="#cite_ref-totalsales_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5DD163EF934A35757C0A962958260">"Dan Hartman Dies; Songwriter Was 43"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. April 7, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203115635/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5DD163EF934A35757C0A962958260">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2007. Retrieved October 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dan+Hartman+Dies%3B+Songwriter+Was+43&rft.date=1994-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F0CE5DD163EF934A35757C0A962958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jet-172"><a href="#cite_ref-jet_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lbsDAAAAMBAJ&q=tina%20turner%20foreign%20affair%20tour%20breaks%20record&pg=PA35">"Tina ends European tour and will take a year off"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a>. Vol. 79, no. 7. November 26, 1990. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Tina+ends+European+tour+and+will+take+a+year+off&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1990-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlbsDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dtina%2520turner%2520foreign%2520affair%2520tour%2520breaks%2520record%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sales-173"><a href="#cite_ref-sales_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/fashion/news/a/16339302/simply-the-best-tina-turner-is-vogues-oldest-cover-girl/">"Simply the Best: Tina Turner is Vogue's oldest cover girl"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>. March 11, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305220355/https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/fashion/news/a/16339302/simply-the-best-tina-turner-is-vogues-oldest-cover-girl/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simply+the+Best%3A+Tina+Turner+is+Vogue%27s+oldest+cover+girl&rft.pub=Yahoo%21&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.lifestyle.yahoo.com%2Ffashion%2Fnews%2Fa%2F16339302%2Fsimply-the-best-tina-turner-is-vogues-oldest-cover-girl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyhit.com./recordalb.html">"Record-Breakers and Trivia – Albums – everyHit.com"</a>. com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130021740/http://www.everyhit.com/recordalb.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=com.&rft.atitle=Record-Breakers+and+Trivia+%E2%80%93+Albums+%E2%80%93+everyHit.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyhit.com.%2Frecordalb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LarryKing-175"><a href="#cite_ref-LarryKing_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgtEeU_DDWY">"Why Tina Turner left the U.S. (1997 Larry King Live interview)"</a>. May 20, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420003845/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgtEeU_DDWY">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2018 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Tina+Turner+left+the+U.S.+%281997+Larry+King+Live+interview%29&rft.date=2016-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUgtEeU_DDWY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-R&R_Hall_of_Fame-2020-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R&R_Hall_of_Fame-2020_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-R&R_Hall_of_Fame-2020_176-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/ike-and-tina-turner">"Ike and Tina Turner"</a>. Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111194632/https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/ike-and-tina-turner">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+%26+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Ike+and+Tina+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fike-and-tina-turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatrous1991" class="citation news cs1">Watrous, Peter (January 17, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/17/arts/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-its-6th-crop-of-legends.html">"Rock-and-Roll Hall of Fame Inducts Its 6th Crop of Legends"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629011729/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/17/arts/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-its-6th-crop-of-legends.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rock-and-Roll+Hall+of+Fame+Inducts+Its+6th+Crop+of+Legends&rft.date=1991-01-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Watrous&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F01%2F17%2Farts%2Frock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-its-6th-crop-of-legends.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XLsDAAAAMBAJ&q=tina+Turner+Won%27t+Attend+Rock+N%27+Roll+Fame+Awards&pg=PA22">"Tina Turner Won't Attend Rock N' Roll Fame Awards"</a>. Jet. 79 (1): 22. January 21, 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Won%27t+Attend+Rock+N%27+Roll+Fame+Awards&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1991-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXLsDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dtina%2BTurner%2BWon%2527t%2BAttend%2BRock%2BN%2527%2BRoll%2BFame%2BAwards%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1991/more/news/war-casts-shadow-on-hall-ceremony-99124707/">"War Casts Shadow On Hall Ceremony"</a>. Variety. January 20, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111194630/https://variety.com/1991/more/news/war-casts-shadow-on-hall-ceremony-99124707/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=War+Casts+Shadow+On+Hall+Ceremony&rft.date=1991-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1991%2Fmore%2Fnews%2Fwar-casts-shadow-on-hall-ceremony-99124707%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-09-ca-1063-story.html">"Movie Review: Love: Playing It Nice and Rough – Exceptional Acting Powers Story of Up and Downs of Ike and Tina Turner"</a>. Los Angeles Times. June 9, 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323092641/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-09-ca-1063-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2019. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505014717/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1993/06/06/public-danger/b2b9b968-e4be-4fea-9d6f-ed4c1ef28e33/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2019. 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Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft.atitle=Gold+%26+Platinum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26ar%3DTina%2BTurner%26ti%3DAll%2Bthe%2BBest%26format%3DAlbum%26type%3D%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/403-3017-2">"Award"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324185514/https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/403-3017-2">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2022. 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February 9, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527152811/https://www.rockol.it/news-76935/elisa-e-tina-turner-insieme-per-l-unicef-con-il-singolo-teach-me-again">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2023. 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May 25, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527225531/https://www.rollingstone.it/musica/news-musica/elisa-ricorda-la-collaborazione-con-tina-turner-una-forza-gentile-saggia-e-materna/749170/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2023. 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February 11, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080214224418/http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN0955003720080211">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved February 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+wows+Grammy+crowd+with+comeback&rft.date=2008-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FmusicNews%2FidUSN0955003720080211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090617200034/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-grammyreview_0211gl.ART.State.Edition1.3b2e6d2.html">"Grammy Awards: Tina Turner, Kanye West sizzle onstage"</a>. The Dallas Morning News. February 11, 2008. 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Retrieved October 27, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Grammy+Awards%3A+Tina+Turner%2C+Kanye+West+sizzle+onstage&rft.date=2008-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fsharedcontent%2Fdws%2Fent%2Fstories%2FDN-grammyreview_0211gl.ART.State.Edition1.3b2e6d2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2008-04-30-2451038577_x.htm">"Tina Turner says she's hitting the road again"</a>. USA Today. April 30, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619010846/http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/2008-04-30-2451038577_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2009. Retrieved May 21, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+says+she%27s+hitting+the+road+again&rft.date=2008-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Ftelevision%2F2008-04-30-2451038577_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGundersen2008" class="citation news cs1">Gundersen, Edna (September 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2008-09-30-turner-main_N.htm">"Tina Turner is back by popular demand"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081104083213/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2008-09-30-turner-main_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+is+back+by+popular+demand&rft.date=2008-09-30&rft.aulast=Gundersen&rft.aufirst=Edna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Flife%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2F2008-09-30-turner-main_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-retired-199">^ <a href="#cite_ref-retired_199-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-retired_199-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaulfield2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Caulfield, Keith (January 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5877126/tina-turner-happily-retired-love-songs-album-february-4">"'Happily Retired' Tina Turner Set to Release 'Love Songs' Album"</a>. Billboard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006065320/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5877126/tina-turner-happily-retired-love-songs-album-february-4">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=%27Happily+Retired%27+Tina+Turner+Set+to+Release+%27Love+Songs%27+Album&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft.aulast=Caulfield&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F5877126%2Ftina-turner-happily-retired-love-songs-album-february-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-2013-200"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-2013_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-23356954">"Tina Turner marries her partner in Switzerland"</a>. BBC. July 18, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604181218/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-23356954">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+marries+her+partner+in+Switzerland&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-23356954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beyond_Music_Ambassador-201"><a href="#cite_ref-Beyond_Music_Ambassador_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beyondmusic.org/ambassador/tina-turner">"Beyond Music"</a>. May 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307044137/https://www.beyondmusic.org/ambassador/tina-turner">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beyond+Music&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beyondmusic.org%2Fambassador%2Ftina-turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beyond_Music-202"><a href="#cite_ref-Beyond_Music_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beyondmusic.org/">"Beyond Music"</a>. May 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230522232216/https://www.beyondmusic.org/">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2023. 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Retrieved December 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Rangers+fans+prove+Simply+the+Best%2C+taking+Tina+Turner+hit+back+into+the+Top+10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsport.scotsman.com%2Fcelticfc%2FRangers-fans-prove-Simply-the.6252275.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2013" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Julee (March 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/08/tina-turner-vogue-cover-first-time-gracing-glossy-_n_2838833.html">"Tina Turner Vogue Germany Cover, Singer's First Time Gracing Glossy"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130311164537/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/08/tina-turner-vogue-cover-first-time-gracing-glossy-_n_2838833.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Vogue+Germany+Cover%2C+Singer%27s+First+Time+Gracing+Glossy&rft.date=2013-03-08&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Julee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F03%2F08%2Ftina-turner-vogue-cover-first-time-gracing-glossy-_n_2838833.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonboxoffice.co.uk/news/post/tina-musical-london">"A West End Tale of Tina Turner Announced"</a>. londonboxoffice.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221092053/https://www.londonboxoffice.co.uk/news/post/tina-musical-london">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=londonboxoffice.co.uk&rft.atitle=A+West+End+Tale+of+Tina+Turner+Announced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.londonboxoffice.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpost%2Ftina-musical-london&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc18-206"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc18_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-42691880">"How does Tina Turner rate her own musical?"</a>. BBC. April 18, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180418121233/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-42691880">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+does+Tina+Turner+rate+her+own+musical%3F&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2018-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-42691880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HR-20181003-207"><a href="#cite_ref-HR-20181003_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReal2018" class="citation news cs1">Real, Evan (October 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tina-turner-musical-tina-make-broadway-debut-2019-1148960">"Tina Turner Musical 'Tina' to Make Broadway Debut in 2019"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005235752/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tina-turner-musical-tina-make-broadway-debut-2019-1148960">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Musical+%27Tina%27+to+Make+Broadway+Debut+in+2019&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft.aulast=Real&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Ftina-turner-musical-tina-make-broadway-debut-2019-1148960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/books/2017/12/11/tina-turner-my-love-story-memoir/">"Tina Turner autobiography set for 2018 release"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. December 11, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213143758/http://ew.com/books/2017/12/11/tina-turner-my-love-story-memoir/">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+autobiography+set+for+2018+release&rft.date=2017-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Fbooks%2F2017%2F12%2F11%2Ftina-turner-my-love-story-memoir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwertlow2018" class="citation news cs1">Swertlow, Meg (January 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eonline.com/au/news/905004/queen-tina-turner-more-honored-with-the-recording-academy-s-lifetime-achievement-award">"Queen, Tina Turner & More Honored with the Recording Academy's Lifetime Achievement Award"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180109070647/http://www.eonline.com/au/news/905004/queen-tina-turner-more-honored-with-the-recording-academy-s-lifetime-achievement-award">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Queen%2C+Tina+Turner+%26+More+Honored+with+the+Recording+Academy%27s+Lifetime+Achievement+Award&rft.date=2018-01-08&rft.aulast=Swertlow&rft.aufirst=Meg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eonline.com%2Fau%2Fnews%2F905004%2Fqueen-tina-turner-more-honored-with-the-recording-academy-s-lifetime-achievement-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garvey-2020-210"><a href="#cite_ref-Garvey-2020_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarvey2020" class="citation news cs1">Garvey, Marianne (July 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/14/entertainment/tina-turner-dj-kygo-remix-music-trnd/index.html">"Tina Turner comes out of retirement with a remix of 'What's Love Got To Do With It?'"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200910135447/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/14/entertainment/tina-turner-dj-kygo-remix-music-trnd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+comes+out+of+retirement+with+a+remix+of+%27What%27s+Love+Got+To+Do+With+It%3F%27&rft.date=2020-07-14&rft.aulast=Garvey&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F07%2F14%2Fentertainment%2Ftina-turner-dj-kygo-remix-music-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chart_UK-2018-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chart_UK-2018_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chart_UK-2018_211-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/21088/tina-turner/">"Chart UK Tina Turner!"</a>. 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Retrieved March 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chart+UK+Tina+Turner%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fartist%2F21088%2Ftina-turner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler2020" class="citation news cs1">Chandler, Mark (August 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebookseller.com/news/tina-turner-writes-guide-life-harpercollins-1214233">"Tina Turner writes 'guide to life' for HarperCollins"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920075022/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/tina-turner-writes-guide-life-harpercollins-1214233">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+writes+%27guide+to+life%27+for+HarperCollins&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebookseller.com%2Fnews%2Ftina-turner-writes-guide-life-harpercollins-1214233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2021" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Angelica (February 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glamour.com/story/tina-turner-angelica-ross-happiness-becomes-you">"Tina Turner and Angelica Ross on Forgiveness, Personal Style, and How to Change Your Life"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208195246/https://www.glamour.com/story/tina-turner-angelica-ross-happiness-becomes-you">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+and+Angelica+Ross+on+Forgiveness%2C+Personal+Style%2C+and+How+to+Change+Your+Life&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Angelica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glamour.com%2Fstory%2Ftina-turner-angelica-ross-happiness-becomes-you&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2021" class="citation web cs1">White, Peter (February 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2021/02/hbo-tina-turner-feature-documentary-sets-premiere-1234690840/">"HBO's Tina Turner Feature Doc To Debut This Spring; Universal Pictures Content Group Takes World Rights"</a>. Deadline Hollywood. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210195257/https://deadline.com/2021/02/hbo-tina-turner-feature-documentary-sets-premiere-1234690840/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=HBO%27s+Tina+Turner+Feature+Doc+To+Debut+This+Spring%3B+Universal+Pictures+Content+Group+Takes+World+Rights&rft.date=2021-02-10&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2021%2F02%2Fhbo-tina-turner-feature-documentary-sets-premiere-1234690840%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58814248">"Tina Turner sells music rights for reported $50m sum"</a>. BBC News. October 6, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006092138/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58814248">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+sells+music+rights+for+reported+%2450m+sum&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-58814248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-2021-216">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith-2021_216-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith-2021_216-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith-2021_216-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Troy L. (October 31, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2021/10/tina-turner-owned-the-crowd-at-the-rock-hall-ceremony-without-even-being-there.html">"Tina Turner owned the crowd at the Rock Hall Ceremony without even being there"</a>. cleveland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211031051333/https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2021/10/tina-turner-owned-the-crowd-at-the-rock-hall-ceremony-without-even-being-there.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2021. Retrieved October 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cleveland&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+owned+the+crowd+at+the+Rock+Hall+Ceremony+without+even+being+there&rft.date=2021-10-31&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Troy+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fentertainment%2F2021%2F10%2Ftina-turner-owned-the-crowd-at-the-rock-hall-ceremony-without-even-being-there.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200531-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego200531_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBego2005">Bego 2005</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198626-218"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198626_218-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-RS-19861023-219">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RS-19861023_219-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RS-19861023_219-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RS-19861023_219-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RS-19861023_219-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RS-19861023_219-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tina-turner-queen-of-rock-roll-190581/">"Tina Turner: Queen of Rock & Roll"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123746/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tina-turner-queen-of-rock-roll-190581/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+Queen+of+Rock+%26+Roll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Ftina-turner-queen-of-rock-roll-190581%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198653-220"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198653_220-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198666-221"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198666_221-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198653–54-222"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198653–54_222-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, pp. 53–54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBego200555-223"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBego200555_223-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBego2005">Bego 2005</a>, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198673-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198673_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198673_224-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198685–86-225"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198685–86_225-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, pp. 85–86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199977-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199977_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198678–79-227"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198678–79_227-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, pp. 78–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas1974" class="citation journal cs1">Lucas, Bob (January 1974). "Ike and Tina Turner: The Family Next Door". Black Stars: 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Black+Stars&rft.atitle=Ike+and+Tina+Turner%3A+The+Family+Next+Door&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1974-01&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198681-229"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198681_229-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199982–83-230"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199982–83_230-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, pp. 82–83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198691-231"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198691_231-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-Christian-2008-232"><a href="#cite_ref-Christian-2008_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian2008" class="citation journal cs1">Christian, Margena A. (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PtMDAAAAMBAJ&q=aillene">"The Last days of Ike Turner"</a>. Ebony: 94–100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=The+Last+days+of+Ike+Turner&rft.pages=94-100&rft.date=2008-10&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=Margena+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPtMDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Daillene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 150: "On July 1, 1976 ... For the Ike and Tina Turner Revue ... the opening engagement, that festive weekend, was at a Hilton hotel in downtown Dallas." </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 180: "That Thursday morning, when the time came for us to go to Dallas to play." </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo-20181016-235"><a href="#cite_ref-WaPo-20181016_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2018" class="citation news cs1">Kirby, David (October 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/tina-turner-looks-back-on-her-horrific-first-marriage--and-much-more--in-my-love-story/2018/10/15/894a8cba-ce31-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html">"Review | Tina Turner looks back on her horrific first marriage – and much more – in 'My Love Story'"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050536/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/tina-turner-looks-back-on-her-horrific-first-marriage--and-much-more--in-my-love-story/2018/10/15/894a8cba-ce31-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Review+%7C+Tina+Turner+looks+back+on+her+horrific+first+marriage+%E2%80%93+and+much+more+%E2%80%93+in+%27My+Love+Story%27&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Ftina-turner-looks-back-on-her-horrific-first-marriage--and-much-more--in-my-love-story%2F2018%2F10%2F15%2F894a8cba-ce31-11e8-920f-dd52e1ae4570_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-People-20171026-236"><a href="#cite_ref-People-20171026_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuntagh2017" class="citation web cs1">Runtagh, Jordan (October 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/music/tina-turner-ike-abusive-relationship-risked-life/">"Tina Turner Recalls the Night She Risked Her Life to Flee Her Abusive Husband – and Musical Partner – Ike"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202721/https://people.com/music/tina-turner-ike-abusive-relationship-risked-life/">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Recalls+the+Night+She+Risked+Her+Life+to+Flee+Her+Abusive+Husband+%E2%80%93+and+Musical+Partner+%E2%80%93+Ike&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft.aulast=Runtagh&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Fmusic%2Ftina-turner-ike-abusive-relationship-risked-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986187–190-237"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986187–190_237-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, pp. 187–190. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBronson2003593-238"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBronson2003593_238-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBronson2003">Bronson 2003</a>, p. 593. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986161-239"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986161_239-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 161. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986170-240">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986170_240-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986170_240-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986169-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986169_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986169_241-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986169_241-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198697-242"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198697_242-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 97. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199997-243"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner199997_243-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 97. </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howardstern.com/show/2007/10/17/ike-turner-is-still-with-his-14th-wife-RundownGalleryModel-8951/">"Ike Turner Is Still With His 14th Wife"</a>. Howard Stern. October 17, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425114915/https://www.howardstern.com/show/2007/10/17/ike-turner-is-still-with-his-14th-wife-RundownGalleryModel-8951/">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Howard+Stern&rft.atitle=Ike+Turner+Is+Still+With+His+14th+Wife&rft.date=2007-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howardstern.com%2Fshow%2F2007%2F10%2F17%2Fike-turner-is-still-with-his-14th-wife-RundownGalleryModel-8951%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 210: "He also claimed that he and Tina had never actually been married all those years ago—a point that, under California common law, was by now moot." </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17253727">"R&B Legend Ike Turner, 1931–2007"</a>. NPR. December 14, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133900/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17253727">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%26B+Legend+Ike+Turner%2C+1931%E2%80%932007&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2007-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D17253727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> At 8:06 in the interview, Turner corrects the host who says Tina's real name is Annie Mae Bullock. He says "No, her name is Martha Nell Bullock." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999174-247"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999174_247-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/19990106IkeTurnerGloriaAllredSusannahBreslinSophiaLamarTheRoseanneShow">"The Roseanne Show 1999-01-06"</a>. archive.org. January 6, 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=The+Roseanne+Show+1999-01-06&rft.date=1999-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F19990106IkeTurnerGloriaAllredSusannahBreslinSophiaLamarTheRoseanneShow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian2008" class="citation journal cs1">Christian, Margena A. (January 7, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ETsDAAAAMBAJ&q=ike+turner+&pg=PA4">"Rock 'N' Roll Pioneer Ike Turner Dies At 76"</a>. Jet. 112 (26): 56–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Rock+%27N%27+Roll+Pioneer+Ike+Turner+Dies+At+76&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=56-59&rft.date=2008-01-07&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=Margena+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DETsDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dike%2Bturner%2B%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17212823">"Ike Turner Dies at 76"</a>. NPR. December 13, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208112404/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17212823">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2019. Retrieved December 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ike+Turner+Dies+at+76&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2007-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D17212823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-people-251"><a href="#cite_ref-people_251-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20165923,00.html">"Tina Turner: 'No Comment' on Ike Turner's Death"</a>. People. December 12, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206062158/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20165923,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+%27No+Comment%27+on+Ike+Turner%27s+Death.&rft.date=2007-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C20165923%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EjsDAAAAMBAJ&q=ronnie">"Musical Tributes Honor Ike's Turner's Legacy At Funeral"</a>. Jet: 56. January 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Musical+Tributes+Honor+Ike%27s+Turner%27s+Legacy+At+Funeral&rft.pages=56&rft.date=2008-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEjsDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dronnie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/ike-turner-3-1344808">"Phil Spector criticises Tina Turner at Ike Turner's funeral"</a>. NME. December 23, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704045223/https://www.nme.com/news/music/ike-turner-3-1344808">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Phil+Spector+criticises+Tina+Turner+at+Ike+Turner%27s+funeral&rft.date=2007-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fike-turner-3-1344808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeckie2018" class="citation web cs1">Leckie, Michael (March 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tina-turner-interview-the-legendary-singer-on-ike-buddhism-and-leaving-america-for-switzerland-cfljnkr3l">"Tina Turner interview: the singer on Ike, Buddhism and leaving America for Switzerland"</a>. The Sunday Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322083551/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/tina-turner-interview-the-legendary-singer-on-ike-buddhism-and-leaving-america-for-switzerland-cfljnkr3l">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+interview%3A+the+singer+on+Ike%2C+Buddhism+and+leaving+America+for+Switzerland&rft.date=2018-03-18&rft.aulast=Leckie&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ftina-turner-interview-the-legendary-singer-on-ike-buddhism-and-leaving-america-for-switzerland-cfljnkr3l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJefferson2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Jefferson, J'na (March 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8257484/tina-turner-forgives-ex-husband-ike">"Tina Turner Says She Forgives Ex-Husband Ike"</a>. Billboard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526103750/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8257484/tina-turner-forgives-ex-husband-ike">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Says+She+Forgives+Ex-Husband+Ike&rft.date=2018-03-22&rft.aulast=Jefferson&rft.aufirst=J%27na&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F8257484%2Ftina-turner-forgives-ex-husband-ike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vibe.com/2018/03/tina-turner-forgives-ike-turner">"Tina Turner Says She Forgives Ex-Husband Ike"</a>. Vibe. March 21, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172359/https://www.vibe.com/2018/03/tina-turner-forgives-ike-turner">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vibe&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Says+She+Forgives+Ex-Husband+Ike&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vibe.com%2F2018%2F03%2Ftina-turner-forgives-ike-turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinfrey2013" class="citation web cs1">Winfrey, Oprah (August 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oprah.com/own-oprahs-next-chapter/tina-turners-love-at-first-sight-moment-video?FB=fb_sss_tina_turner_meeting_husband">"Tina Turner's Love At First Sight Moment"</a>. Oprah.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312092957/https://www.oprah.com/own-oprahs-next-chapter/tina-turners-love-at-first-sight-moment-video?FB=fb_sss_tina_turner_meeting_husband">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oprah.com&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%27s+Love+At+First+Sight+Moment&rft.date=2013-08-25&rft.aulast=Winfrey&rft.aufirst=Oprah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oprah.com%2Fown-oprahs-next-chapter%2Ftina-turners-love-at-first-sight-moment-video%3FFB%3Dfb_sss_tina_turner_meeting_husband&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.essence.com/gallery/tina-turner-husband/">"'We Are The Light Of Each Other's Lives': Photos Of Tina Turner And Husband Erwin Bach Over The Years"</a>. Essence. May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essence&rft.atitle=%27We+Are+The+Light+Of+Each+Other%27s+Lives%27%3A+Photos+Of+Tina+Turner+And+Husband+Erwin+Bach+Over+The+Years&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.essence.com%2Fgallery%2Ftina-turner-husband%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tinaturner-idUSBRE96G0WC20130717">"Tina Turner weds longtime partner in quiet Swiss suburb"</a>. Reuters. July 17, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130717210221/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/17/us-tinaturner-idUSBRE96G0WC20130717">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2013. Retrieved July 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+weds+longtime+partner+in+quiet+Swiss+suburb&rft.date=2013-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-tinaturner-idUSBRE96G0WC20130717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198655-260"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198655_260-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 55: "Ann graduated from high school, and on August 20, 1958, she gave birth to her son, Raymond Craig." </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeerwester2018" class="citation web cs1">Deerwester, Jayme (July 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/07/27/tina-turner-scatters-sons-ashes-pacific-after-apparent-suicide/848942002/">"Tina Turner scatters son Craig's ashes in the Pacific: 'He will always be my baby'"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205200411/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/07/27/tina-turner-scatters-sons-ashes-pacific-after-apparent-suicide/848942002/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+scatters+son+Craig%27s+ashes+in+the+Pacific%3A+%27He+will+always+be+my+baby%27&rft.date=2018-07-27&rft.aulast=Deerwester&rft.aufirst=Jayme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fpeople%2F2018%2F07%2F27%2Ftina-turner-scatters-sons-ashes-pacific-after-apparent-suicide%2F848942002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClopton2018" class="citation news cs1">Clopton, Ellis C. (July 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/music/news/tina-turner-son-dead-suicide-1202865126/">"Tina Turner's Eldest Son Dies in Apparent Suicide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704124150/https://variety.com/2018/music/news/tina-turner-son-dead-suicide-1202865126/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%27s+Eldest+Son+Dies+in+Apparent+Suicide&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft.aulast=Clopton&rft.aufirst=Ellis+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2018%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Ftina-turner-son-dead-suicide-1202865126%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198669-263"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder198669_263-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000257-264"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKeen2000257_264-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKeen2000">McKeen 2000</a>, p. 257. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986211-265"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986211_265-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-Eaton-2016-266">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eaton-2016_266-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eaton-2016_266-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blogtalkradio.com/wfunk/2017/10/16/an-interview-with-ike-turner-jr-and-randi-love-on-the-bobby-eaton-show">"An Interview with Ike Turner Jr and Randi Love on The Bobby Eaton Show"</a>. BlogTalkRadio. October 17, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308191037/https://www.blogtalkradio.com/wfunk/2017/10/16/an-interview-with-ike-turner-jr-and-randi-love-on-the-bobby-eaton-show">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BlogTalkRadio&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+Ike+Turner+Jr+and+Randi+Love+on+The+Bobby+Eaton+Show&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blogtalkradio.com%2Fwfunk%2F2017%2F10%2F16%2Fan-interview-with-ike-turner-jr-and-randi-love-on-the-bobby-eaton-show&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999232-267"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECawthorneTurner1999232_267-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999">Cawthorne & Turner 1999</a>, p. 232. </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.purepeople.com/media/lesly-mess-alias-afida-turner-au-cote_m383522">"Photos – Lesly Mess alias Afida Turner au côté de son mari Ronnie Turner et de sa belle-mère Tina Turner"</a>. Pure People (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221223072628/https://www.purepeople.com/media/lesly-mess-alias-afida-turner-au-cote_m383522">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pure+People&rft.atitle=Photos+%E2%80%93+Lesly+Mess+alias+Afida+Turner+au+c%C3%B4t%C3%A9+de+son+mari+Ronnie+Turner+et+de+sa+belle-m%C3%A8re+Tina+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.purepeople.com%2Fmedia%2Flesly-mess-alias-afida-turner-au-cote_m383522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RonnieCancer-269"><a href="#cite_ref-RonnieCancer_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/health/tina-turner-son-ronnie-cause-death-colon-cancer-rcna61458">"Tina Turner's Son Ronnie's Cause of Death Is Revealed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a>. December 13, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221220234519/https://www.today.com/health/tina-turner-son-ronnie-cause-death-colon-cancer-rcna61458">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%27s+Son+Ronnie%27s+Cause+of+Death+Is+Revealed&rft.date=2022-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fhealth%2Ftina-turner-son-ronnie-cause-death-colon-cancer-rcna61458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiersh198540–41-270"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKiersh198540–41_270-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKiersh1985">Kiersh 1985</a>, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/ike-turner-jr">"Ike Turner, Jr"</a>. Recording Academy Grammy Awards. November 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recording+Academy+Grammy+Awards&rft.atitle=Ike+Turner%2C+Jr.&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fartists%2Fike-turner-jr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2017" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Fred L. (October 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theoklahomaeagle.net/2017/10/12/tulsa-native-randi-love-giving-to-give-back/">"Tulsa Native Randi Love Giving To Give Back"</a>. The Oklahoma Eagle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204072839/http://theoklahomaeagle.net/2017/10/12/tulsa-native-randi-love-giving-to-give-back/">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oklahoma+Eagle&rft.atitle=Tulsa+Native+Randi+Love+Giving+To+Give+Back&rft.date=2017-10-12&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Fred+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheoklahomaeagle.net%2F2017%2F10%2F12%2Ftulsa-native-randi-love-giving-to-give-back%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986172-273"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986172_273-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tina-turner.nl/images/magazines/1989/16.jpg">"What's love got to do with it? Plenty!"</a>. TV Week: 15. July 10, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110703175847/http://tina-turner.nl/images/magazines/1989/16.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TV+Week&rft.atitle=What%27s+love+got+to+do+with+it%3F+Plenty%21&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1989-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tina-turner.nl%2Fimages%2Fmagazines%2F1989%2F16.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaroline_GrahamDaniel2018" class="citation web cs1">Caroline Graham, Caroline; Daniel, Hugo (April 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/tina-turned-her-back-on-our-family-claims-her-adopted-son/XU2SBCGKFUHHJJAFVFO32IUYDE/">"Tina Turner's son opens up about his mother"</a>. The New Zealand Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062048/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/tina-turned-her-back-on-our-family-claims-her-adopted-son/XU2SBCGKFUHHJJAFVFO32IUYDE/">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved December 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%27s+son+opens+up+about+his+mother&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft.aulast=Caroline+Graham&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.au=Daniel%2C+Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fentertainment%2Ftina-turned-her-back-on-our-family-claims-her-adopted-son%2FXU2SBCGKFUHHJJAFVFO32IUYDE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberto2021" class="citation web cs1">Roberto, Melissa (April 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/tina-turner-hbo-documentary-fails-absence-mother-source">"Tina Turner documentary fails to examine her absence as a mother, source says: 'She doesn't speak to anybody'"</a>. Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420104454/https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/tina-turner-hbo-documentary-fails-absence-mother-source">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner+documentary+fails+to+examine+her+absence+as+a+mother%2C+source+says%3A+%27She+doesn%27t+speak+to+anybody%27&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2021-04-06&rft.aulast=Roberto&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftina-turner-hbo-documentary-fails-absence-mother-source&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrth200442-277"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrth200442_277-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrth2004">Orth 2004</a>, p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrea_Miller-278">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Andrea_Miller_278-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrea_Miller_278-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2016" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Andrea (March 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lionsroar.com/tina-turner-whats-love-got-to-do-with-it/">"What's Love Got to Do With It?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lion%27s_Roar_(magazine)" title="Lion's Roar (magazine)">Lion's Roar magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306164116/http://www.lionsroar.com/tina-turner-whats-love-got-to-do-with-it/">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lion%27s+Roar+magazine&rft.atitle=What%27s+Love+Got+to+Do+With+It%3F&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lionsroar.com%2Ftina-turner-whats-love-got-to-do-with-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h0IDAAAAMBAJ">"Sex and Religion Keep Tina Turner Famous and Humble"</a>. Jet. February 15, 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Sex+and+Religion+Keep+Tina+Turner+Famous+and+Humble&rft.date=1979-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh0IDAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, Acknowledgements: "I would like to acknowledge: The Liturgy of Nichiren Daishonin for an introduction to spiritual knowledge." </li> <li id="cite_note-ShSun-WLGTDWI-201109-281"><a href="#cite_ref-ShSun-WLGTDWI-201109_281-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2011" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Andrea (September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704180020/http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3763&Itemid=0">"What's Love Got to Do With It? An interview with Tina Turner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shambhala Sun">Shambhala Sun</a>. p. 65. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3763&Itemid=0">the original</a> on July 4, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shambhala+Sun&rft.atitle=What%27s+Love+Got+to+Do+With+It%3F+An+interview+with+Tina+Turner&rft.pages=65&rft.date=2011-09&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shambhalasun.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D3763%26Itemid%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986139-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986139_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurnerLoder1986139_282-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTurnerLoder1986">Turner & Loder 1986</a>, p. 139. </li> <li id="cite_note-worldtribune-turner-283">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldtribune-turner_283-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldtribune-turner_283-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldtribune.org/2018/07/queen-hope-tina-turner/">"The Queen of Hope"</a>. Living Buddhism / World Tribune. <a href="/wiki/Soka_Gakkai_International-USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Soka Gakkai International-USA">Soka Gakkai International-USA</a>. August 1, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810235425/https://www.worldtribune.org/2018/07/queen-hope-tina-turner/">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Living+Buddhism+%2F+World+Tribune&rft.atitle=The+Queen+of+Hope&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtribune.org%2F2018%2F07%2Fqueen-hope-tina-turner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2020" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turner, Tina</a> (2020). Happiness Becomes You. Atria Books. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-5215-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-5215-4"><bdi>978-1-9821-5215-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Happiness+Becomes+You&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Atria+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-5215-4&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Tina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Tribune-2020-285">^ <a href="#cite_ref-World_Tribune-2020_285-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_Tribune-2020_285-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldtribune.org/2020/11/tina-turner-on-happiness-becomes-you/">"Tina Turner on 'Happiness Becomes You'"</a>. 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Retrieved July 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Tribune&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+on+%27Happiness+Becomes+You%27&rft.date=2020-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldtribune.org%2F2020%2F11%2Ftina-turner-on-happiness-becomes-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnapes2023" class="citation news cs1">Snapes, Laura (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/24/tina-turner-legendary-rocknroll-singer-dies-aged-83">"Tina Turner: legendary rock'n'roll singer dies aged 83"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230525023115/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/24/tina-turner-legendary-rocknroll-singer-dies-aged-83">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2023. Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+legendary+rock%27n%27roll+singer+dies+aged+83&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Snapes&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2023%2Fmay%2F24%2Ftina-turner-legendary-rocknroll-singer-dies-aged-83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValdez2023" class="citation web cs1">Valdez, Jonah (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2023-05-24/tina-turner-buddhism-ike-turner-nichiren">"How Tina Turner's Buddhist faith gave her the strength to leave Ike Turner"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=How+Tina+Turner%27s+Buddhist+faith+gave+her+the+strength+to+leave+Ike+Turner&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft.aulast=Valdez&rft.aufirst=Jonah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment-arts%2Fmusic%2Fstory%2F2023-05-24%2Ftina-turner-buddhism-ike-turner-nichiren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushby2023" class="citation news cs1">Bushby, Helen (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65673196">"How Tina Turner 'broke the silence' on domestic abuse"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230525055615/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65673196">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.france24.com/en/20130125-tina-turner-become-swiss-give-us-passport">the original</a> on January 28, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+%27to+become+Swiss%2C+give+up+US+passport%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-right%3A0.15em%3B%22%3E%26%2339%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.france24.com%2Fen%2F20130125-tina-turner-become-swiss-give-us-passport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atlantablackstar.com/2013/01/26/tina-turner-renounces-u-s-citizenship-for-swiss/">"Tina Turner Renounces U.S. Citizenship for Swiss"</a>. Atlanta Black Star. January 26, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221059/http://atlantablackstar.com/2013/01/26/tina-turner-renounces-u-s-citizenship-for-swiss/">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2013. 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Retrieved September 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%27s+citizenship+move%2C+part+2&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft.aulast=Kamen&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fin-the-loop%2Fwp%2F2013%2F11%2F14%2Ftina-turners-citizenship-move-part-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZürcher2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zürcher, Fabian (April 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blick.ch/people-tv/schweiz/hier-besorgt-sich-tina-turner-den-schweizer-pass-id2281138.html">"Hier besorgt sich Tina Turner den Schweizer Pass"</a>. Blick (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426204900/http://www.blick.ch/people-tv/schweiz/hier-besorgt-sich-tina-turner-den-schweizer-pass-id2281138.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2013. 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Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181217073944/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-entertainment-news-updates-2018-tina-turner-reveals-her-husband-donated-1539016074-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+reveals+her+husband+donated+his+kidney+to+her&rft.date=2018-10-08&rft.aulast=Saad&rft.aufirst=Nardine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fla-et-entertainment-news-updates-2018-tina-turner-reveals-her-husband-donated-1539016074-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-People2023-302">^ <a href="#cite_ref-People2023_302-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-People2023_302-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-People2023_302-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-People2023_302-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/tina-turner-health-struggles-cancer-kidney-transplant-never-ending-up-down-7503861">"Inside Tina Turner's Health Struggles, from Cancer to a Kidney Transplant: 'Never-Ending Up and Down'"</a>. Peoplemag. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524230603/https://people.com/tina-turner-health-struggles-cancer-kidney-transplant-never-ending-up-down-7503861">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peoplemag&rft.atitle=Inside+Tina+Turner%27s+Health+Struggles%2C+from+Cancer+to+a+Kidney+Transplant%3A+%27Never-Ending+Up+and+Down%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Ftina-turner-health-struggles-cancer-kidney-transplant-never-ending-up-down-7503861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-45902648">"Tina Turner opens up about son's suicide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. October 18, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026152920/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-45902648">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2022. 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People. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007075435/https://people.com/music/tina-turner-health-crisis-kidney-transplant-husband-donor/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2018. 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Tickets to Movies in Theaters, Broadway Shows, London Theatre & More | Hollywood.com. Retrieved May 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tickets+to+Movies+in+Theaters%2C+Broadway+Shows%2C+London+Theatre+%26+More+%7C+Hollywood.com&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+%27Princess+Beatrice+saved+me+from+dyslexia+shame%27&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft.au=WENN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywood.com%2Fgeneral%2Ftina-turner-princess-beatrice-saved-me-from-dyslexia-shame-60739025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2023" class="citation news cs1">Steinberg, Brooke (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2023/05/25/tina-turners-cause-of-death-revealed/">"Tina Turner's cause of death revealed"</a>. New York Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%27s+cause+of+death+revealed&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2023%2F05%2F25%2Ftina-turners-cause-of-death-revealed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/tina-turner-dies-aged-83-12888593">"Tina Turner, 'Queen of Rock n Roll', dies aged 83"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524183546/https://news.sky.com/story/tina-turner-dies-aged-83-12888593">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%2C+%27Queen+of+Rock+n+Roll%27%2C+dies+aged+83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Ftina-turner-dies-aged-83-12888593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Saunders, Emma (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/65669653">"Tina Turner: Music legend dies at 83"</a>. 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Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+Music+legend+dies+at+83&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2F65669653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Davidson, Mike (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/singer-tina-turner-dies-aged-83-2023-05-24/">"'Queen of rock 'n' roll' Tina Turner dies at 83"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524184700/https://www.reuters.com/world/singer-tina-turner-dies-aged-83-2023-05-24/">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=%27Queen+of+rock+%27n%27+roll%27+Tina+Turner+dies+at+83&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fsinger-tina-turner-dies-aged-83-2023-05-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcgmckarnal.org/tina-turner-cause-of-death-what-did-tina-turner-die-from/">"Tina Turner Cause Of Death. What Did Tina Turner Die From?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kalpana_Chawla_Government_Medical_College" title="Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College">Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College</a>. May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kalpana+Chawla+Government+Medical+College&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Cause+Of+Death.+What+Did+Tina+Turner+Die+From%3F&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcgmckarnal.org%2Ftina-turner-cause-of-death-what-did-tina-turner-die-from%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/tina-turner-dead-age-83-long-illness-7502229">"Tina Turner Dead at 83 After 'Long Illness'"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524221909/https://people.com/tina-turner-dead-age-83-long-illness-7502229">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner+Dead+at+83+After+%27Long+Illness%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Ftina-turner-dead-age-83-long-illness-7502229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/tina-turner-dead-at-age-83-210605484.html">"Rock and soul icon Tina Turner dead at age 83"</a>. May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rock+and+soul+icon+Tina+Turner+dead+at+age+83&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftina-turner-dead-at-age-83-210605484.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/24/entertainment/tina-turner-death/index.html">"Tina Turner, resilient singer hailed as the 'Queen of Rock and Roll,' dies at 83"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. May 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524200538/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/24/entertainment/tina-turner-death/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner%2C+resilient+singer+hailed+as+the+%27Queen+of+Rock+and+Roll%2C%27+dies+at+83&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F05%2F24%2Fentertainment%2Ftina-turner-death%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/tina-turner-dead-a04311130e67459cbade34565eb80662">"Tina Turner, 'Queen of Rock 'n' Roll' whose triumphant career made her world-famous, dies at 83"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press News">Associated Press News</a>. May 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524190054/https://apnews.com/article/tina-turner-dead-a04311130e67459cbade34565eb80662">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%2C+%27Queen+of+Rock+%27n%27+Roll%27+whose+triumphant+career+made+her+world-famous%2C+dies+at+83&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ftina-turner-dead-a04311130e67459cbade34565eb80662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver2023" class="citation web cs1">Oliver, Robert (May 31, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metro.co.uk/2023/05/29/tina-turners-funeral-details-revealed-after-death-aged-83-18862497/">"Tina Turner's funeral details revealed after death aged 83"</a>. Metro. UK. Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metro&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%27s+funeral+details+revealed+after+death+aged+83&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2023%2F05%2F29%2Ftina-turners-funeral-details-revealed-after-death-aged-83-18862497%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul-2023-309">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul-2023_309-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul-2023_309-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul-2023_309-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Paul, Larisha (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tina-turner-musicians-actors-tribute-1234741332/">"'Queen, Legend, Icon' Tina Turner: Beyoncé, Janelle Monáe, Mick Jagger Remember Trailblazer"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527134020/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tina-turner-musicians-actors-tribute-1234741332/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=%27Queen%2C+Legend%2C+Icon%27+Tina+Turner%3A+Beyonc%C3%A9%2C+Janelle+Mon%C3%A1e%2C+Mick+Jagger+Remember+Trailblazer&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Larisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Ftina-turner-musicians-actors-tribute-1234741332%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Archie-2023-310">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Archie-2023_310-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archie-2023_310-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archie-2023_310-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchie2023" class="citation web cs1">Archie, Ayana (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/05/25/1178099063/tina-turner-died-reactions">"Celebrities and the White House pay tribute to Tina Turner"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527232647/https://www.npr.org/2023/05/25/1178099063/tina-turner-died-reactions">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrities+and+the+White+House+pay+tribute+to+Tina+Turner&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Archie&rft.aufirst=Ayana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F05%2F25%2F1178099063%2Ftina-turner-died-reactions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatona2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Katona, Kerry (June 2023). "Keeping Up With Kerry: 'Rest In Peace". <a href="/wiki/New!" title="New!">New!</a>. No. 1034. <a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a>. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New%21&rft.atitle=Keeping+Up+With+Kerry%3A+%27Rest+In+Peace&rft.issue=1034&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2023-06&rft.aulast=Katona&rft.aufirst=Kerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/current-affairs/jimmy-barnes-reflects-on-career-highlight-of-singing-alongside-tina-turner/news-story/b6662137d06ab28f51501e2a09ab790a">"Jimmy Barnes reflects on 'career highlight' of singing alongside Tina Turner"</a>. news.com.au. May 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=news.com.au&rft.atitle=Jimmy+Barnes+reflects+on+%27career+highlight%27+of+singing+alongside+Tina+Turner&rft.date=2023-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Ftv%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fjimmy-barnes-reflects-on-career-highlight-of-singing-alongside-tina-turner%2Fnews-story%2Fb6662137d06ab28f51501e2a09ab790a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndre2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Andre, Pete (June 2023). "Planet Pete: 'Rest in Peace Tina Turner'". <a href="/wiki/New!" title="New!">New!</a>. No. 1034. <a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a>. p. 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New%21&rft.atitle=Planet+Pete%3A+%27Rest+in+Peace+Tina+Turner%27&rft.issue=1034&rft.pages=66&rft.date=2023-06&rft.aulast=Andre&rft.aufirst=Pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsh2023" class="citation web cs1">Ash, Janelle (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/tina-turner-mourned-hollywood-icons-200219749.html">"Tina Turner mourned by Hollywood after icon's death at 83: 'Simply the best'"</a>. Yahoo! News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606000924/https://news.yahoo.com/tina-turner-mourned-hollywood-icons-200219749.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner+mourned+by+Hollywood+after+icon%27s+death+at+83%3A+%27Simply+the+best%27&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Ash&rft.aufirst=Janelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Ftina-turner-mourned-hollywood-icons-200219749.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koimoi.com/hollywood-news/tina-turner-tributes-sir-elton-john-calls-her-a-total-legend-on-record-on-stage-naomi-campbell-other-offer-condolences/amp/">"Tina Turner Tributes: Sir Elton John Calls Her 'A Total Legend On Record & On Stage,' Naomi Campbell & Other Offer Condolences"</a>. Koimoi. May 25, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528183539/https://www.koimoi.com/hollywood-news/tina-turner-tributes-sir-elton-john-calls-her-a-total-legend-on-record-on-stage-naomi-campbell-other-offer-condolences/amp/">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner+Tributes%3A+Sir+Elton+John+Calls+Her+%27A+Total+Legend+On+Record+%26+On+Stage%2C%27+Naomi+Campbell+%26+Other+Offer+Condolences&rft.pub=Koimoi&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koimoi.com%2Fhollywood-news%2Ftina-turner-tributes-sir-elton-john-calls-her-a-total-legend-on-record-on-stage-naomi-campbell-other-offer-condolences%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AS-316"><a href="#cite_ref-AS_316-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera2023" class="citation web cs1">Rivera, Kelsey (May 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.as.com/entertainment/celebrities-honor-the-late-tina-turner-n/?outputType=amp">"Celebrities honor the late Tina Turner"</a>. Diario AS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528183537/https://en.as.com/entertainment/celebrities-honor-the-late-tina-turner-n/?outputType=amp">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrities+honor+the+late+Tina+Turner&rft.pub=Diario+AS&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Rivera&rft.aufirst=Kelsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.as.com%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrities-honor-the-late-tina-turner-n%2F%3FoutputType%3Damp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SKY-317">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SKY_317-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SKY_317-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/amp/beyonce-and-oprah-winfrey-lead-tributes-to-rock-queen-tina-turner-12888790">"Beyonce and Oprah Winfrey lead tributes to rock queen Tina Turner"</a>. Sky.news. May 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608024827/https://news.sky.com/story/amp/beyonce-and-oprah-winfrey-lead-tributes-to-rock-queen-tina-turner-12888790">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beyonce+and+Oprah+Winfrey+lead+tributes+to+rock+queen+Tina+Turner&rft.pub=Sky.news&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Famp%2Fbeyonce-and-oprah-winfrey-lead-tributes-to-rock-queen-tina-turner-12888790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Paul, Larisha (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lizzo-performs-proud-mary-tina-turner-tribute-1234741990/">"Lizzo Performs 'Proud Mary' to Tribute Tina Turner: I 'Would Not Exist' Without Her"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526075523/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lizzo-performs-proud-mary-tina-turner-tribute-1234741990/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Lizzo+Performs+%27Proud+Mary%27+to+Tribute+Tina+Turner%3A+I+%27Would+Not+Exist%27+Without+Her&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Larisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Flizzo-performs-proud-mary-tina-turner-tribute-1234741990%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiatt2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Hiatt, Brian (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/brittany-howard-tina-turner-tribute-death-1234742342/">"Brittany Howard on Why Tina Turner Was 'So Punk'"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526131107/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/brittany-howard-tina-turner-tribute-death-1234742342/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Brittany+Howard+on+Why+Tina+Turner+Was+%27So+Punk%27&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft.aulast=Hiatt&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-features%2Fbrittany-howard-tina-turner-tribute-death-1234742342%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoffman2023" class="citation news cs1">Coffman, Tim (May 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/keith-richards-pays-tribute-to-tina-turner/">"Keith Richards pays tribute to Tina Turner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Far_Out_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Out (magazine)">Far Out</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529044948/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/keith-richards-pays-tribute-to-tina-turner/">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Far+Out&rft.atitle=Keith+Richards+pays+tribute+to+Tina+Turner&rft.date=2023-05-26&rft.aulast=Coffman&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaroutmagazine.co.uk%2Fkeith-richards-pays-tribute-to-tina-turner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeraghty2023" class="citation news cs1">Geraghty, Hollie (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/tina-turner-dies-aged-83-3447566">"Mick Jagger, Elton John and Debbie Harry lead tributes to Tina Turner, who has died aged 83"</a>. NME. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529044947/https://www.nme.com/news/music/tina-turner-dies-aged-83-3447566">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Mick+Jagger%2C+Elton+John+and+Debbie+Harry+lead+tributes+to+Tina+Turner%2C+who+has+died+aged+83&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft.aulast=Geraghty&rft.aufirst=Hollie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Ftina-turner-dies-aged-83-3447566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Chan, Anna (June 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/patti-labelle-forgets-lyrics-tina-turner-tribute-bet-awards-1235361321/">"Patti LaBelle Forgets Lyrics During Tina Turner Tribute at 2023 BET Awards: 'I'm Trying, Y'All'"</a>. Billboard. 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(May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/world/europe/tina-turner-switzerland-kusnacht.html">"In This Swiss Town, Tina Turner Was a Neighbor, Not a Star"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530143608/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/world/europe/tina-turner-switzerland-kusnacht.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+This+Swiss+Town%2C+Tina+Turner+Was+a+Neighbor%2C+Not+a+Star&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Schuetze&rft.aufirst=Christopher+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F05%2F25%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ftina-turner-switzerland-kusnacht.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNg2023" class="citation news cs1">Ng, Kate (May 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/king-charles-tina-turner-tribute-welsh-guards-b2347271.html">"King Charles pays tribute to Tina Turner via Welsh Guards' 'The Best' performance"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605161335/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/king-charles-tina-turner-tribute-welsh-guards-b2347271.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=King+Charles+pays+tribute+to+Tina+Turner+via+Welsh+Guards%27+%27The+Best%27+performance&rft.date=2023-05-28&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Froyal-family%2Fking-charles-tina-turner-tribute-welsh-guards-b2347271.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasso2023" class="citation news cs1">Masso, Giverny (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestage.co.uk/news/news/west-end-theatres-to-dim-lights-in-tribute-to-tina-turner">"West End theatres to dim lights in tribute to Tina Turner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Stage" title="The Stage">The Stage</a>. 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Retrieved April 6, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+100+Greatest+Singers+of+All+Time&rft.issue=1066&rft.pages=73&rft.date=2008-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fnews%2Fcoverstory%2F24161972%2Fpage%2F17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cosgrove-2019-328"><a href="#cite_ref-Cosgrove-2019_328-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosgrove" class="citation magazine cs1">Cosgrove, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420223253/http://time.com/3597835/tina-turner-unpublished-photos/">"Tina Turner: Unpublished Photos of the Queen of Rock 'n' Roll"</a>. Time. 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Gallery of The Popular Image. San Francisco Art Exchange. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120173309/https://sfae.com/Special-Pages/Search?searchtext=tina+turner&searchmode=allwords">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallery+of+The+Popular+Image&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+on+Stage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsfae.com%2FSpecial-Pages%2FSearch%3Fsearchtext%3Dtina%2Bturner%26searchmode%3Dallwords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=top_tallies&ttt=TAA&col=certified_units&ord=asc#search_section">"Gold & Platinum: Top Artists"</a>. 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Retrieved April 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gold+%26+Platinum%3A+Top+Artists&rft.pub=Record+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Dtop_tallies%26ttt%3DTAA%26col%3Dcertified_units%26ord%3Dasc%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6282453/tina-turner-dies-83/">"Tina Turner, 'Queen of Rock 'n' Roll,' Dead at 83"</a>. Time. May 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526155048/https://time.com/6282453/tina-turner-dies-83/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2023. 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The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1539-7459">1539-7459</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230527041726/https://www.ajc.com/life/private-quarters/remembering-tina-turner-a-look-inside-the-stars-stunning-76-million-swiss-estate/Z7ESVYKWJ5BXPF3PLSD6Q6R6GU/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Remembering+Tina+Turner%3A+a+look+inside+the+star%27s+stunning+%2476+million+Swiss+estate&rft.issn=1539-7459&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=Hunter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Flife%2Fprivate-quarters%2Fremembering-tina-turner-a-look-inside-the-stars-stunning-76-million-swiss-estate%2FZ7ESVYKWJ5BXPF3PLSD6Q6R6GU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/article-st-johns-was-a-safe-spot-for-tina-turner-and-newfoundlanders-remember/">"Tina Turner's intimate and unexpected connection to St. John's and Newfoundland"</a>. The Globe and Mail. May 25, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526224747/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/article-st-johns-was-a-safe-spot-for-tina-turner-and-newfoundlanders-remember/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%27s+intimate+and+unexpected+connection+to+St.+John%27s+and+Newfoundland&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Farticle-st-johns-was-a-safe-spot-for-tina-turner-and-newfoundlanders-remember%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/rockfemale.htm">"Grammy Awards: Best Rock Vocal Performance – Female"</a>. Rock on the Net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080222233111/http://www.rockonthenet.com/grammy/rockfemale.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grammy+Awards%3A+Best+Rock+Vocal+Performance+%E2%80%93+Female&rft.pub=Rock+on+the+Net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockonthenet.com%2Fgrammy%2Frockfemale.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/hall-of-fame">"Grammy Hall of Fame"</a>. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. October 18, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626221355/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/hall-of-fame">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grammy+Hall+of+Fame&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Recording+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fawards%2Fhall-of-fame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100909113913/http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/65334/chart-watch-extra-the-ageless-tina-turner">"Chart Watch Extra: The Ageless Tina Turner"</a>. Billboard. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>. September 3, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/65334/chart-watch-extra-the-ageless-tina-turner">the original</a> on September 9, 2010. 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Retrieved March 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lifetime+Achievement+Award&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Recording+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fawards%2Flifetime-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductee/tina-turner/">"Tina Turner"</a>. St. Louis Walk of Fame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103022626/http://stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductee/tina-turner/">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2019. 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USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080507061600/http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-12-04-kennedy-center_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2008. 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Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414145653/http://variety.com/1993/tv/reviews/1993-world-music-awards-1200432580/">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=1993+World+Music+Awards&rft.date=1993-06-03&rft.aulast=Sandler&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1993%2Ftv%2Freviews%2F1993-world-music-awards-1200432580%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/1993/5/2/19044811/essence-awards-honor-black-women-achievers">"Essence Awards Honor Black Women Achievers"</a>. Deseret News. 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The Baltimore Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026123421/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1999-07-25-9907260308-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Ranking+the+women+of+%27rock%27%3B+VH1%27s+list+of+the+100+greatest+female+rockers+will+cause+arguments+%E2%80%93+and+maybe+that%27s+the+point.%3B+POP+MUSIC&rft.date=1999-07-25&rft.aulast=Considine&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1999-07-25-9907260308-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilder2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Shelton_Wilder" title="John Shelton Wilder">Wilder, John S.</a> (January 17, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/102/Bill/SB2798.pdf">"SB 2798: Highway Signs – 'Tina Turner Highway'"</a> (PDF). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-67731655.html">the original</a> on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Highway+to+Be+Named+for+Tina+Turner&rft.date=2002-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-67731655.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2005" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Joe (2005). The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (1st ed.). New York: Wenner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1932958010" title="Special:BookSources/1932958010"><bdi>1932958010</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60596234">60596234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+500+Greatest+Albums+of+All+Time&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Wenner+Books&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60596234&rft.isbn=1932958010&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-156826/">"500 Greatest Albums of All Time"</a>. Rolling Stone. May 31, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713071607/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-156826/">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=500+Greatest+Albums+of+All+Time&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2F500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-156826%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PeopleTop10Grammys-356"><a href="#cite_ref-PeopleTop10Grammys_356-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKappes2004" class="citation web cs1">Kappes, Serena (May 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/celebrity/top-10-grammy-moments/">"Top 10 Grammy Moments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181217110516/https://people.com/celebrity/top-10-grammy-moments/">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Top+10+Grammy+Moments&rft.date=2004-05-07&rft.aulast=Kappes&rft.aufirst=Serena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Fcelebrity%2Ftop-10-grammy-moments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimeTop10Grammys-357"><a href="#cite_ref-TimeTop10Grammys_357-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1877498_1877438_1877512,00.html">"Top 10 Grammy Moments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. February 28, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120034840/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1877498_1877438_1877512,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2018. Retrieved December 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Top+10+Grammy+Moments&rft.date=2009-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C1877498_1877438_1877512%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rolling_Stone-2010-358"><a href="#cite_ref-Rolling_Stone-2010_358-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/carl-perkins-2-86720/">"100 Greatest Artists"</a>. Rolling Stone. December 3, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406232656/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/carl-perkins-2-86720/">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=100+Greatest+Artists&rft.date=2010-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2F100-greatest-artists-147446%2Fcarl-perkins-2-86720%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vogue-359"><a href="#cite_ref-vogue_359-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelliCarpini2013" class="citation magazine cs1">DelliCarpini, Gregory Jr. (March 11, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-hook/1551329/tina-turner-covers-vogue-germany">"Tina Turner Covers Vogue Germany"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924215808/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-hook/1551329/tina-turner-covers-vogue-germany">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+Covers+Vogue+Germany&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft.aulast=DelliCarpini&rft.aufirst=Gregory+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Fthe-hook%2F1551329%2Ftina-turner-covers-vogue-germany&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soulmusic.com/the-soulmusic-hall-of-fame-lifetime-achievement-inductees/">"Tina Turner, SOULMUSIC HALL OF FAME: LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT"</a>. by soulmusic. December 12, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508213658/http://www.soulmusic.com/the-soulmusic-hall-of-fame-lifetime-achievement-inductees/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=by+soulmusic&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%2C+SOULMUSIC+HALL+OF+FAME%3A+LIFETIME+ACHIEVEMENT&rft.date=2014-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soulmusic.com%2Fthe-soulmusic-hall-of-fame-lifetime-achievement-inductees%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/20-greatest-duos-of-all-time-16272/2-ike-tina-turner-239736/">"20 Greatest Duos of All Time"</a>. Rolling Stone. December 17, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602094704/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/20-greatest-duos-of-all-time-16272/2-ike-tina-turner-239736/">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=20+Greatest+Duos+of+All+Time&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2F20-greatest-duos-of-all-time-16272%2F2-ike-tina-turner-239736%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlouisclassicrock.com/hall-of-fame">"St. Louis Classic Rock Hall of Fame Vote – Class of 2019"</a>. stlouisclassicrock.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928143226/http://www.stlouisclassicrock.com/hall-of-fame/">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stlouisclassicrock.com&rft.atitle=St.+Louis+Classic+Rock+Hall+of+Fame+Vote+%E2%80%93+Class+of+2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlouisclassicrock.com%2Fhall-of-fame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/last-shadow-puppets-bowie-album-artwork-prize-1936275">"The Last Shadow Puppets beat David Bowie to win top album artwork prize"</a>. NME. January 6, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227015903/https://www.nme.com/news/music/last-shadow-puppets-bowie-album-artwork-prize-1936275">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=The+Last+Shadow+Puppets+beat+David+Bowie+to+win+top+album+artwork+prize&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Flast-shadow-puppets-bowie-album-artwork-prize-1936275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2019" class="citation web cs1">Boyd, Jared (June 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymemphian.com/article/5885/Tina-Turner-Steve-Cropper-to-enter-Memphis-Music-Hall-of-Fame">"Tina Turner, Steve Cropper to enter Memphis Music Hall of Fame"</a>. Daily Memphian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190630061041/https://dailymemphian.com/article/5885/Tina-Turner-Steve-Cropper-to-enter-Memphis-Music-Hall-of-Fame">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Memphian&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%2C+Steve+Cropper+to+enter+Memphis+Music+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2019-06-26&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymemphian.com%2Farticle%2F5885%2FTina-Turner-Steve-Cropper-to-enter-Memphis-Music-Hall-of-Fame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2020/03/26/tina-turner-whitney-houston-village-people-library-of-congress-orig-jk.cnn">"Turner, Houston, Village People honored by Library of Congress"</a>. CNN Video. March 26, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328190349/https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2020/03/26/tina-turner-whitney-houston-village-people-library-of-congress-orig-jk.cnn">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turner%2C+Houston%2C+Village+People+honored+by+Library+of+Congress&rft.pub=CNN+Video&rft.date=2020-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fus%2F2020%2F03%2F26%2Ftina-turner-whitney-houston-village-people-library-of-congress-orig-jk.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR-2021-366"><a href="#cite_ref-NPR-2021_366-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/05/12/995950982/tina-turner-jay-z-foo-fighters-among-those-inducted-into-rock-roll-hall-of-fame">"Tina Turner, Jay-Z, Foo Fighters Among Those Inducted Into Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame"</a>. NPR.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512130635/https://www.npr.org/2021/05/12/995950982/tina-turner-jay-z-foo-fighters-among-those-inducted-into-rock-roll-hall-of-fame">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%2C+Jay-Z%2C+Foo+Fighters+Among+Those+Inducted+Into+Rock+%26+Roll+Hall+Of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F05%2F12%2F995950982%2Ftina-turner-jay-z-foo-fighters-among-those-inducted-into-rock-roll-hall-of-fame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalli2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Galli, Jean-Claude (December 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blick.ch/people-tv/schweiz/feier-im-kultur-casino-abgesagt-tina-turner-bekommt-ehrendoktortitel-der-uni-bern-per-post-id17040223.html">"Tina Turner bekommt Ehrendoktortitel der Uni Bern per Post"</a> [Tina Turner receives honorary doctorate from the University of Bern by post]. <a href="/wiki/Blick" title="Blick">Blick</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Ringier" title="Ringier">Ringier</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308032741/https://www.blick.ch/people-tv/schweiz/feier-im-kultur-casino-abgesagt-tina-turner-bekommt-ehrendoktortitel-der-uni-bern-per-post-id17040223.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blick&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+bekommt+Ehrendoktortitel+der+Uni+Bern+per+Post&rft.date=2021-12-04&rft.aulast=Galli&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blick.ch%2Fpeople-tv%2Fschweiz%2Ffeier-im-kultur-casino-abgesagt-tina-turner-bekommt-ehrendoktortitel-der-uni-bern-per-post-id17040223.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creations.mattel.com/en-ca/products/barbie-signature-music-series-doll-hcb98">"Barbie Signature Music Series Tina Turner Doll"</a>. Mattel Creations. October 13, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015012356/https://creations.mattel.com/en-ca/products/barbie-signature-music-series-doll-hcb98">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mattel+Creations&rft.atitle=Barbie+Signature+Music+Series+Tina+Turner+Doll&rft.date=2022-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreations.mattel.com%2Fen-ca%2Fproducts%2Fbarbie-signature-music-series-doll-hcb98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/tina-turner-24-1234643114/">"The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time"</a>. Rolling Stone. January 1, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+200+Greatest+Singers+of+All+Time&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2Fbest-singers-all-time-1234642307%2Ftina-turner-24-1234643114%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sablues.org/on_this_day/on_this_day_sept.htm#o7">"On this day the 7th of September"</a>. South Australian Roots & Blues. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816053915/https://www.sablues.org/on_this_day/on_this_day_sept.htm#o7">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Australian+Roots+%26+Blues&rft.atitle=On+this+day+the+7th+of+September&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sablues.org%2Fon_this_day%2Fon_this_day_sept.htm%23o7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theconcertposter.com/Ike-Tina-Turner-Rough-Tour-1978-Konzertplakat">"Ike & Tina Turner – Rough, Tour 1978 – Konzertplakat, 216,40 €"</a>. Ike & Tina Turner – Rough, Tour 1978 – Konzertplakat, 216,40 €. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816053919/https://www.theconcertposter.com/Ike-Tina-Turner-Rough-Tour-1978-Konzertplakat">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ike+%26+Tina+Turner+%E2%80%93+Rough%2C+Tour+1978+%E2%80%93+Konzertplakat%2C+216%2C40+%E2%82%AC&rft.atitle=Ike+%26+Tina+Turner+%E2%80%93+Rough%2C+Tour+1978+%E2%80%93+Konzertplakat%2C+216%2C40+%E2%82%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theconcertposter.com%2FIke-Tina-Turner-Rough-Tour-1978-Konzertplakat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712112821/https://www.theconcertposter.com/Ike-Tina-Turner-Love-Explosion-Tour-1979-Konzertplakat">"Ike & Tina Turner – Love Explosion, Tour 1979 – Konzertplakat"</a>. TheConcertPoster. 1979. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theconcertposter.com/Ike-Tina-Turner-Love-Explosion-Tour-1979-Konzertplakat">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheConcertPoster&rft.atitle=Ike+%26+Tina+Turner+%E2%80%93+Love+Explosion%2C+Tour+1979+%E2%80%93+Konzertplakat&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theconcertposter.com%2FIke-Tina-Turner-Love-Explosion-Tour-1979-Konzertplakat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> Sources for tour held from 1981 to 1983: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Gruber, Ruth E. (December 6, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712111249/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/12/06/Tina-Turner-reminds-Poles-of-the-good-life/4692376462800/">"Tina Turner reminds Poles of the good life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/12/06/Tina-Turner-reminds-Poles-of-the-good-life/4692376462800/">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+reminds+Poles+of+the+good+life&rft.date=1981-12-06&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=Ruth+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1981%2F12%2F06%2FTina-Turner-reminds-Poles-of-the-good-life%2F4692376462800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Hrenchir, Tim (May 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230622115710/https://www.cjonline.com/story/news/local/2023/05/25/rock-star-tina-turners-1982-show-in-topeka-remembered-by-scatband/70253821007/">"Tina Turner thrilled Topeka audience in 1982. Here's what show meant for her opening act"</a>. The Topeka Capital-Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cjonline.com/story/news/local/2023/05/25/rock-star-tina-turners-1982-show-in-topeka-remembered-by-scatband/70253821007/">the original</a> on June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Topeka+Capital-Journal&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+thrilled+Topeka+audience+in+1982.+Here%27s+what+show+meant+for+her+opening+act.&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft.aulast=Hrenchir&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cjonline.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2023%2F05%2F25%2Frock-star-tina-turners-1982-show-in-topeka-remembered-by-scatband%2F70253821007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Abram, Malcolm X (May 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230622120233/https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2023/05/looking-back-tina-turners-performances-dazzled-cleveland-audiences-over-the-years.html">"Looking back: Tina Turner's performances dazzled Cleveland audiences over the years"</a>. The Plain Dealer. Advance Publications. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2023/05/looking-back-tina-turners-performances-dazzled-cleveland-audiences-over-the-years.html">the original</a> on June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Plain+Dealer&rft.atitle=Looking+back%3A+Tina+Turner%27s+performances+dazzled+Cleveland+audiences+over+the+years&rft.date=2023-05-26&rft.aulast=Abram&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fentertainment%2F2023%2F05%2Flooking-back-tina-turners-performances-dazzled-cleveland-audiences-over-the-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPareles1984" class="citation news cs1">Pareles, Jon (August 23, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712110931/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/23/arts/concert-tina-turner-at-the-ritz.html">"Concert: Tina Turner at the Ritz"</a>. The New York Times. New York City. p. 13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/23/arts/concert-tina-turner-at-the-ritz.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Concert%3A+Tina+Turner+at+the+Ritz&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1984-08-23&rft.aulast=Pareles&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F08%2F23%2Farts%2Fconcert-tina-turner-at-the-ritz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1985" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Brian D. (July 22, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190727233011/http://archive.macleans.ca/article/1985/7/22/the-comeback-queen-of-rock-n-roll">"The comeback queen of rock 'n' roll"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1985/7/22/the-comeback-queen-of-rock-n-roll">the original</a> on July 27, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=The+comeback+queen+of+rock+%27n%27+roll&rft.date=1985-07-22&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Brian+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.macleans.ca%2Farticle%2F1985%2F7%2F22%2Fthe-comeback-queen-of-rock-n-roll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.st/archive/2021/7/archive.macleans.ca/o0ih/archive.macleans.ca/article/1985/7/22/the-comeback-queen-of-rock-n-roll.html">Alt URL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712114409/https://archive.st/archive/2021/7/archive.macleans.ca/o0ih/archive.macleans.ca/article/1985/7/22/the-comeback-queen-of-rock-n-roll.html">Archived</a> July 12, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrington1987" class="citation news cs1">Harrington, Richard (June 5, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712110249/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1987/06/05/starlight-stars-bright/d8f18040-f3ec-40cc-bc61-1c62c37176d5/">"Starlight, Stars Bright"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1987/06/05/starlight-stars-bright/d8f18040-f3ec-40cc-bc61-1c62c37176d5/">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Starlight%2C+Stars+Bright&rft.date=1987-06-05&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1987%2F06%2F05%2Fstarlight-stars-bright%2Fd8f18040-f3ec-40cc-bc61-1c62c37176d5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaenz_de_Tejada1990" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Saenz de Tejada, Ignacio (July 4, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712105145/https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/04/cultura/647042408_850215.html">"Tina Turner comienza en Madrid su gira española tras anunciar su despedida de los escenarios"</a> [Tina Turner begins her Spanish tour in Madrid after announcing her farewell to the stage]. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/1990/07/04/cultura/647042408_850215.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+comienza+en+Madrid+su+gira+espa%C3%B1ola+tras+anunciar+su+despedida+de+los+escenarios&rft.date=1990-07-04&rft.aulast=Saenz+de+Tejada&rft.aufirst=Ignacio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F1990%2F07%2F04%2Fcultura%2F647042408_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConsidine1993" class="citation web cs1">Considine, J.D. (August 2, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712104820/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-08-02-1993214017-story.html">"For Tina Turner's show, showmanship is everything"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-08-02-1993214017-story.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=For+Tina+Turner%27s+show%2C+showmanship+is+everything&rft.date=1993-08-02&rft.aulast=Considine&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1993-08-02-1993214017-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott1996" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Stuart (September 17, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712104148/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/17/business/new-campaign-for-hanes-hosiery-features-singer-tina-turner-her-famous-legs.html">"A new campaign for Hanes hosiery features the singer Tina Turner and her famous legs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York City. p. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/17/business/new-campaign-for-hanes-hosiery-features-singer-tina-turner-her-famous-legs.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+new+campaign+for+Hanes+hosiery+features+the+singer+Tina+Turner+and+her+famous+legs&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1996-09-17&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F09%2F17%2Fbusiness%2Fnew-campaign-for-hanes-hosiery-features-singer-tina-turner-her-famous-legs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoliver2000" class="citation web cs1">Woliver, Robbie (October 13, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712103536/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2000-10-13-0010110712-story.html">"TINA TURNER STILL SMOLDERS ON LAST TOUR"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sun-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun-Sentinel">South Florida Sun-Sentinel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2000-10-13-0010110712-story.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Florida+Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=TINA+TURNER+STILL+SMOLDERS+ON+LAST+TOUR&rft.date=2000-10-13&rft.aulast=Woliver&rft.aufirst=Robbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Ffl-xpm-2000-10-13-0010110712-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314145030/http://www.aeglive.com/news/view/10147">"Tina Turner's 2008 North American Tour Extended"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/AEG_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="AEG Live">AEG Live</a>. September 4, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeglive.com/news/view/10147">the original</a> on March 14, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner%27s+2008+North+American+Tour+Extended&rft.pub=AEG+Live&rft.date=2008-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeglive.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2F10147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRockwell1981" class="citation news cs1">Rockwell, John (November 7, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712111928/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/07/arts/pop-the-stones-at-play.html">"POP: THE STONES AT PLAY"</a>. The New York Times. New York City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/07/arts/pop-the-stones-at-play.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=POP%3A+THE+STONES+AT+PLAY&rft.date=1981-11-07&rft.aulast=Rockwell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F11%2F07%2Farts%2Fpop-the-stones-at-play.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712113621/https://www.thebreeze.co.nz/home/music/2020/10/on-this-day--1981--rod-stewart---tina-turner-belt-out-epic-live-.html">"ON THIS DAY, 1981: Rod Stewart & Tina Turner belt out epic live performance of 'Hot Legs'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Breeze_(New_Zealand_radio_station)" title="The Breeze (New Zealand radio station)">The Breeze</a>. October 1, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebreeze.co.nz/home/music/2020/10/on-this-day--1981--rod-stewart---tina-turner-belt-out-epic-live-.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Breeze&rft.atitle=ON+THIS+DAY%2C+1981%3A+Rod+Stewart+%26+Tina+Turner+belt+out+epic+live+performance+of+%27Hot+Legs%27&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebreeze.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fmusic%2F2020%2F10%2Fon-this-day--1981--rod-stewart---tina-turner-belt-out-epic-live-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2021" class="citation web cs1">Freeman, Liam (April 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210712103252/https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/celebrities-honour-tina-turner">"No Dull Moments, It Was All Fire!: Lionel Richie, Donatella Versace, Giorgio Armani & More Honour Their Friend Tina Turner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Vogue" title="British Vogue">British Vogue</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/celebrities-honour-tina-turner">the original</a> on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Vogue&rft.atitle=No+Dull+Moments%2C+It+Was+All+Fire%21%3A+Lionel+Richie%2C+Donatella+Versace%2C+Giorgio+Armani+%26+More+Honour+Their+Friend+Tina+Turner&rft.date=2021-04-01&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.co.uk%2Farts-and-lifestyle%2Farticle%2Fcelebrities-honour-tina-turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-irving-daily-news-texan-the-big-tn/135374003/">"'Big TNT Show' Has Many Music Stars"</a>. Irving News Texan. December 30, 1965. p. 2. Retrieved November 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irving+News+Texan&rft.atitle=%27Big+TNT+Show%27+Has+Many+Music+Stars&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1965-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-irving-daily-news-texan-the-big-tn%2F135374003%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190718092844/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b69d21153">"It's Your Thing (1970)"</a>. British Film Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b69d21153">the original</a> on July 18, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+Your+Thing+%281970%29&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2b69d21153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TVG_filmog-387">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TVG_filmog_387-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tina-turner/credits/3030296794/">"Tina Turner List of Movies and TV Shows"</a>. TV Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430030727/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tina-turner/credits/3030296794/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Guide&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner+List+of+Movies+and+TV+Shows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvguide.com%2Fcelebrities%2Ftina-turner%2Fcredits%2F3030296794%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1971" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Howard (August 19, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/08/19/archives/rousing-soul-to-soul.html">"Rousing 'Soul to Soul'"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324183205/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/08/19/archives/rousing-soul-to-soul.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rousing+%27Soul+to+Soul%27&rft.date=1971-08-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F08%2F19%2Farchives%2Frousing-soul-to-soul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBetts2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Betts, Stephen L. (April 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/flashback-see-beach-boys-cover-merle-haggards-okie-from-muskogee-122238/">"Flashback: See Beach Boys Cover Merle Haggard's 'Okie From Muskogee'"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006013851/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/flashback-see-beach-boys-cover-merle-haggards-okie-from-muskogee-122238/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Flashback%3A+See+Beach+Boys+Cover+Merle+Haggard%27s+%27Okie+From+Muskogee%27&rft.date=2017-04-27&rft.aulast=Betts&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-country%2Fflashback-see-beach-boys-cover-merle-haggards-okie-from-muskogee-122238%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/459402/ann-margret-olsson">"Ann-Margaret Olsson"</a>. TCM. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TCM&rft.atitle=Ann-Margaret+Olsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F459402%2Fann-margret-olsson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora:260795">"Ike and Tina Turner performing with Ikettes on French television special 'Poiret est a vous'"</a>. Digital Collections. Detroit Public Library. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Collections.+Detroit+Public+Library&rft.atitle=Ike+and+Tina+Turner+performing+with+Ikettes+on+French+television+special+%27Poiret+est+a+vous%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Fislandora%3A260795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626174735/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1c61ab3">"Tina Turner"</a>. British Film Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1c61ab3">the original</a> on June 26, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2F4ce2ba1c61ab3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBielawski2012" class="citation web cs1">Bielawski, Lukasz (October 10, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guitarworld.com/news/ike-tina-road-1971-72-comes-dvd-november-20">"Ike & Tina: On The Road: 1971-72 comes to DVD on November 20"</a>. Guitar World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810084418/https://www.guitarworld.com/news/ike-tina-road-1971-72-comes-dvd-november-20">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guitar+World&rft.atitle=Ike+%26+Tina%3A+On+The+Road%3A+1971-72+comes+to+DVD+on+November+20&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft.aulast=Bielawski&rft.aufirst=Lukasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guitarworld.com%2Fnews%2Fike-tina-road-1971-72-comes-dvd-november-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tina_turner">"Tina Turner"</a>. Rotten Tomatoes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230227150622/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tina_turner">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fcelebrity%2Ftina_turner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tina-turner.nl/ivory.php">"Tina Turner Online"</a>. Retrieved July 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tina-turner.nl%2Fivory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-396"><a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_396-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1993" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Michael (May 16, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-16-ca-35747-story.html">"Summer Sneaks: Tina Turner's Story Through a Disney Prism – The singer's film biography, What's Love Got to Do With It, focuses on her turbulent relationship with her mentor and ex-husband Ike Turner as well as her triumphant comeback"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927094245/http://articles.latimes.com/1993-05-16/entertainment/ca-35747_1_tina-turner/3">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved December 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Summer+Sneaks%3A+Tina+Turner%27s+Story+Through+a+Disney+Prism+%E2%80%93+The+singer%27s+film+biography%2C+What%27s+Love+Got+to+Do+With+It%2C+focuses+on+her+turbulent+relationship+with+her+mentor+and+ex-husband+Ike+Turner+as+well+as+her+triumphant+comeback&rft.date=1993-05-16&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1993-05-16-ca-35747-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/my-love-story-memoir">"Reviewed by Edith G. Tolchin in New York Journal of Books"</a>. October 16, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121427/https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/my-love-story-memoir">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reviewed+by+Edith+G.+Tolchin+in+New+York+Journal+of+Books&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyjournalofbooks.com%2Fbook-review%2Fmy-love-story-memoir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2020" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Tina (December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Happiness-Becomes-You/Tina-Turner/9781982152154">Happiness Becomes You</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781982152154" title="Special:BookSources/9781982152154"><bdi>9781982152154</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604223555/https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Happiness-Becomes-You/Tina-Turner/9781982152154">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Happiness+Becomes+You&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2020-12&rft.isbn=9781982152154&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.simonandschuster.com%2Fbooks%2FHappiness-Becomes-You%2FTina-Turner%2F9781982152154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/647595/tina-turner-thats-my-life-by-tina-turner/9780847869169">"Tina Turner: That's My Life"</a>. Penguin Random House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221016215015/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/647595/tina-turner-thats-my-life-by-tina-turner/9780847869169">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Penguin+Random+House&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+That%27s+My+Life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguinrandomhouse.ca%2Fbooks%2F647595%2Ftina-turner-thats-my-life-by-tina-turner%2F9780847869169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBego2005" class="citation book cs1">Bego, Mark (2005). Tina Turner: Break Every Rule. Taylor Trade Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58979-253-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-58979-253-X"><bdi>1-58979-253-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner%3A+Break+Every+Rule&rft.pub=Taylor+Trade+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-58979-253-X&rft.aulast=Bego&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781461626022" title="Special:BookSources/9781461626022">9781461626022</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronson2003" class="citation book cs1">Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits: The Inside Story Behind Every Number One Single on Billboard's Hot 100 from 1955 to the Present. Billboard Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-7677-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-7677-6"><bdi>0-8230-7677-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+Book+of+Number+1+Hits%3A+The+Inside+Story+Behind+Every+Number+One+Single+on+Billboard%27s+Hot+100+from+1955+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8230-7677-6&rft.aulast=Bronson&rft.aufirst=Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Cawthorne" title="Nigel Cawthorne">Cawthorne, Nigel</a>; Turner, Ike (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/takinbackmynamec00turn">Takin' Back My Name: The Confessions of Ike Turner</a>. Virgin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781852278502" title="Special:BookSources/9781852278502"><bdi>9781852278502</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Takin%27+Back+My+Name%3A+The+Confessions+of+Ike+Turner&rft.pub=Virgin+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781852278502&rft.aulast=Cawthorne&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.au=Turner%2C+Ike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftakinbackmynamec00turn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollis2003" class="citation book cs1">Collis, Jon (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iketurnerkingofr0000coll">Ike Turner- King of Rhythm</a>. London: The Do Not Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904316-24-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904316-24-4"><bdi>978-1-904316-24-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ike+Turner-+King+of+Rhythm&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Do+Not+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-904316-24-4&rft.aulast=Collis&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiketurnerkingofr0000coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFissinger1985" class="citation book cs1">Fissinger, Laura (1985). Tina Turner. Ballantine Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-32642-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-32642-3"><bdi>0-345-32642-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-345-32642-3&rft.aulast=Fissinger&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2005" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Henry Louis (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_FhqCO4RJl8C&q=Tina+Turner">Africana: Arts and Letters: An A-to-Z Reference of Writers, Musicians, and Artists of the African American Experience</a>. Running Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7624-2042-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7624-2042-1"><bdi>0-7624-2042-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africana%3A+Arts+and+Letters%3A+An+A-to-Z+Reference+of+Writers%2C+Musicians%2C+and+Artists+of+the+African+American+Experience&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7624-2042-1&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Henry+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_FhqCO4RJl8C%26q%3DTina%2BTurner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulla2008" class="citation book cs1">Gulla, Bob (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pLgqFaYmgw8C&q=Ike+%26+Tina+Turner&pg=PA177">Icons of R&B and Soul, Vol. 1: An Encyclopedia of The Artists Who Revolutionized Rhythm</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-31334-044-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-31334-044-4"><bdi>978-0-31334-044-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+R%26B+and+Soul%2C+Vol.+1%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+The+Artists+Who+Revolutionized+Rhythm&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-31334-044-4&rft.aulast=Gulla&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpLgqFaYmgw8C%26q%3DIke%2B%2526%2BTina%2BTurner%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasday1999" class="citation book cs1">Hasday, Judy L. (June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tinaturner00hasd">Tina Turner: Black Americans of Achievement</a>. Chelsea House Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7910-4967-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7910-4967-1"><bdi>0-7910-4967-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner%3A+Black+Americans+of+Achievement&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publications&rft.date=1999-06&rft.isbn=0-7910-4967-1&rft.aulast=Hasday&rft.aufirst=Judy+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftinaturner00hasd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiersh1985" class="citation magazine cs1">Kiersh, Ed (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TZaFMCee5HQC&q=ike+shoots+paperboy&pg=PA43">"Ike's Story"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126075034/https://books.google.com/books?id=TZaFMCee5HQC&q=ike+shoots+paperboy&pg=PA43">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spin&rft.atitle=Ike%27s+Story&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Kiersh&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTZaFMCee5HQC%26q%3Dike%2Bshoots%2Bpaperboy%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoenig1986" class="citation book cs1">Koenig, Teresa (1986). Tina Turner (Center Stage). Crestwood House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89686-305-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89686-305-0"><bdi>0-89686-305-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner+%28Center+Stage%29&rft.pub=Crestwood+House&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-89686-305-0&rft.aulast=Koenig&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMabery1986" class="citation book cs1">Mabery, D.L. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tinaturner0000mabe">Tina Turner</a>. Lerner Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8225-1609-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8225-1609-8"><bdi>0-8225-1609-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner&rft.pub=Lerner+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-8225-1609-8&rft.aulast=Mabery&rft.aufirst=D.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftinaturner0000mabe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKeen2000" class="citation book cs1">McKeen, William (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockrollishereto00mcke">Rock & Roll Is Here to Stay: An Anthology</a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-39304-700-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-39304-700-8"><bdi>0-39304-700-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+%26+Roll+Is+Here+to+Stay%3A+An+Anthology&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-39304-700-8&rft.aulast=McKeen&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frockrollishereto00mcke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris2000" class="citation book cs1">Norris, Sharon (September 1, 2000). Haywood County: Tennessee. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-73850-605-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-73850-605-0"><bdi>978-0-73850-605-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haywood+County%3A+Tennessee&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2000-09-01&rft.isbn=978-0-73850-605-0&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrth2004" class="citation book cs1">Orth, Maureen (May 6, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HftxNDlLSYUC&q=Pistol+whippin%27+Ike+Turner&pg=PA36">Proud Tina: Tina Turner, The Importance of Being Famous</a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80507-545-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80507-545-8"><bdi>978-0-80507-545-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proud+Tina%3A+Tina+Turner%2C+The+Importance+of+Being+Famous&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2004-05-06&rft.isbn=978-0-80507-545-8&rft.aulast=Orth&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHftxNDlLSYUC%26q%3DPistol%2Bwhippin%2527%2BIke%2BTurner%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbony1986" class="citation magazine cs1">Turner, Tina (November 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NdkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31">"Tina Turner: The Shocking Story of a Battered Wife Who Escaped to Fame and Fortune"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=Tina+Turner%3A+The+Shocking+Story+of+a+Battered+Wife+Who+Escaped+to+Fame+and+Fortune&rft.date=1986-11&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNdkDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnerLoder1986" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Tina; Loder, Kurt (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itinamylifestory00turn/page/202/mode/2up">I, Tina: My Life Story</a>. Avon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-70097-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-70097-2"><bdi>0-380-70097-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%2C+Tina%3A+My+Life+Story&rft.pub=Avon+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-380-70097-2&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft.au=Loder%2C+Kurt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitinamylifestory00turn%2Fpage%2F202%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2018" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Tina (2018). Tina Turner: My Love Story. Atria Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501198243" title="Special:BookSources/9781501198243"><bdi>9781501198243</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tina+Turner%3A+My+Love+Story&rft.pub=Atria+Books&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781501198243&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Tina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitburn2004" class="citation book cs1">Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Complete Chart Information About America's Most Popular Songs and Artists, 1955–2003. Billboard Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-7499-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-7499-4"><bdi>0-8230-7499-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+Book+of+Top+40+Hits%3A+Complete+Chart+Information+About+America%27s+Most+Popular+Songs+and+Artists%2C+1955%E2%80%932003&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8230-7499-4&rft.aulast=Whitburn&rft.aufirst=Joel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynn1985" class="citation book cs1">Wynn, Ron (August 1, 1985). Tina: The Tina Turner Story. Collier Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02007-780-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-02007-780-7"><bdi>0-02007-780-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tina%3A+The+Tina+Turner+Story&rft.pub=Collier+Books&rft.date=1985-08-01&rft.isbn=0-02007-780-7&rft.aulast=Wynn&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATina+Turner" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Tina Turner at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tina_Turner" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Tina Turner">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tina_Turner" class="extiw" title="q:Tina Turner">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131814" class="extiw" title="d:Q131814">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tinaturnerofficial.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/tina-turner">Tina Turner</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000597309">Tina Turner</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131814#P1728" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Tina+Turner">Tina Turner</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0877913/">Tina Turner</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Tina_Turner" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tina_Turner" title="Template:Tina Turner"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tina_Turner" title="Template talk:Tina Turner"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tina_Turner" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tina Turner"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tina_Turner" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turns_the_Country_On!" title="Tina Turns the Country On!">Tina Turns the Country On!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Queen" title="Acid Queen">Acid Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_(album)" title="Rough (album)">Rough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Explosion" title="Love Explosion">Love Explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer" title="Private Dancer">Private Dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_Every_Rule" title="Break Every Rule">Break Every Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affair" title="Foreign Affair">Foreign Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildest_Dreams_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Wildest Dreams (Tina Turner album)">Wildest Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Four_Seven_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Twenty Four Seven (Tina Turner album)">Twenty Four Seven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Live_in_Europe" title="Tina Live in Europe">Tina Live in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divas_Live_%2799" title="Divas Live '99">VH1 Divas Live '99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Live" title="Tina Live">Tina Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_Beyond_Thunderdome_(soundtrack)" title="Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (soundtrack)">Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(album)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (album)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simply_the_Best_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Simply the Best (Tina Turner album)">Simply the Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collected_Recordings:_Sixties_to_Nineties" title="The Collected Recordings: Sixties to Nineties">The Collected Recordings: Sixties to Nineties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_Best_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="All the Best (Tina Turner album)">All the Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina!" title="Tina!">Tina!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Songs_(Tina_Turner_album)" title="Love Songs (Tina Turner album)">Love Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rock_%27n%27_Roll_(album)" title="Queen of Rock 'n' Roll (album)">Queen of Rock 'n' Roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Baby,_Get_It_On" title="Baby, Get It On">Baby, Get It On</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Whole_Lotta_Love" title="Whole Lotta Love">Whole Lotta Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Acid_Queen#Tina_Turner_version" title="The Acid Queen">Acid Queen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Under_My_Thumb" title="Under My Thumb">Under My Thumb</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sometimes_When_We_Touch" title="Sometimes When We Touch">Sometimes When We Touch</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Night_Time_Is_the_Right_Time" title="Night Time Is the Right Time">Night Time Is the Right Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Back_Stabbers_(song)" title="Back Stabbers (song)">Back Stabbers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Stay_Together_(Al_Green_song)#Tina_Turner_version" title="Let's Stay Together (Al Green song)">Let's Stay Together</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Help!_(song)#Cover_versions" title="Help! (song)">Help!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Better_Be_Good_to_Me" title="Better Be Good to Me">Better Be Good to Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Private Dancer (Tina Turner song)">Private Dancer</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Stand_the_Rain_(song)#Tina_Turner_version" title="I Can't Stand the Rain (song)">I Can't Stand the Rain</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Show_Some_Respect" title="Show Some Respect">Show Some Respect</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Don%27t_Need_Another_Hero_(Thunderdome)" title="We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)">We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_of_the_Living" title="One of the Living">One of the Living</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Typical_Male" title="Typical Male">Typical Male</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Back_Where_You_Started" title="Back Where You Started">Back Where You Started</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_People_(song)" title="Two People (song)">Two People</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Girls_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Girls (Tina Turner song)">Girls</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_You_Get_Is_What_You_See" title="What You Get Is What You See">What You Get Is What You See</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Break_Every_Rule_(song)" title="Break Every Rule (song)">Break Every Rule</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Paradise_Is_Here" title="Paradise Is Here">Paradise Is Here</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Afterglow_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Afterglow (Tina Turner song)">Afterglow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nutbush_City_Limits" title="Nutbush City Limits">Nutbush City Limits</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Addicted_to_Love_(song)#Tina_Turner_version" title="Addicted to Love (song)">Addicted to Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight_(Iggy_Pop_song)#Tina_Turner_and_David_Bowie_live_version" title="Tonight (Iggy Pop song)">Tonight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Change_Is_Gonna_Come" title="A Change Is Gonna Come">A Change Is Gonna Come</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/634-5789_(Soulsville,_U.S.A.)#Tina_Turner_version" title="634-5789 (Soulsville, U.S.A.)">634-5789</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Best_(song)#Tina_Turner_version" title="The Best (song)">The Best</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Wanna_Lose_You" title="I Don't Wanna Lose You">I Don't Wanna Lose You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Steamy_Windows" title="Steamy Windows">Steamy Windows</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Look_Me_in_the_Heart" title="Look Me in the Heart">Look Me in the Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affair_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Foreign Affair (Tina Turner song)">Foreign Affair</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Be_Tender_with_Me_Baby" title="Be Tender with Me Baby">Be Tender with Me Baby</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nutbush_City_Limits" title="Nutbush City Limits">Nutbush City Limits (The 90s Version)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Way_of_the_World_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Way of the World (Tina Turner song)">Way of the World</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Thing" title="Love Thing">Love Thing</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Want_You_Near_Me" title="I Want You Near Me">I Want You Near Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Best_(song)" title="The Best (song)">(Simply) The Best</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Wanna_Fight" title="I Don't Wanna Fight">I Don't Wanna Fight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Disco_Inferno#Tina_Turner_version" title="Disco Inferno">Disco Inferno</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Why_Must_We_Wait_Until_Tonight" title="Why Must We Wait Until Tonight">Why Must We Wait Until Tonight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Proud_Mary#Tina_Turner_versions" title="Proud Mary">Proud Mary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/GoldenEye_(song)" title="GoldenEye (song)">GoldenEye</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Whatever_You_Want_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Whatever You Want (Tina Turner song)">Whatever You Want</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_Silent_Wings" title="On Silent Wings">On Silent Wings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Missing_You_(John_Waite_song)#Tina_Turner_version" title="Missing You (John Waite song)">Missing You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Something_Beautiful_Remains" title="Something Beautiful Remains">Something Beautiful Remains</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_Your_Wildest_Dreams_(song)" title="In Your Wildest Dreams (song)">In Your Wildest Dreams</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_the_Heartache_Is_Over" title="When the Heartache Is Over">When the Heartache Is Over</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Whatever_You_Need_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Whatever You Need (Tina Turner song)">Whatever You Need</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Leave_Me_This_Way_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Don't Leave Me This Way (Tina Turner song)">Don't Leave Me This Way</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Open_Arms_(Tina_Turner_song)" title="Open Arms (Tina Turner song)">Open Arms</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Complicated_Disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Complicated Disaster">Complicated Disaster</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guest singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Boxtop_(song)" title="Boxtop (song)">Boxtop</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ball_of_Confusion_(That%27s_What_the_World_Is_Today)#Tina_Turner_version" title="Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)">Ball of Confusion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tonight_(Iggy_Pop_song)" title="Tonight (Iggy Pop song)">Tonight</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Only_Love_(Bryan_Adams_song)" title="It's Only Love (Bryan Adams song)">It's Only Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tearing_Us_Apart" title="Tearing Us Apart">Tearing Us Apart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Takes_Two_(Marvin_Gaye_and_Kim_Weston_song)" title="It Takes Two (Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston song)">It Takes Two</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cose_della_vita#Eros_Ramazzotti_and_Tina_Turner_version" title="Cose della vita">Cose della vita - Can't Stop Thinking of You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Teach_Me_Again" title="Teach Me Again">Teach Me Again</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Videography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_Live_in_Concert" title="One Last Time Live in Concert">One Last Time Live in Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_Best:_The_Live_Collection" title="All the Best: The Live Collection">All the Best: The Live Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Live" title="Tina Live">Tina Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_Dancer_Tour" title="Private Dancer Tour">Private Dancer Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_Every_Rule_World_Tour" title="Break Every Rule World Tour">Break Every Rule World Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affair:_The_Farewell_Tour" title="Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour">Foreign Affair: The Farewell Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love%3F_Tour" title="What's Love? Tour">What's Love? Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildest_Dreams_Tour" title="Wildest Dreams Tour">Wildest Dreams Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Four_Seven_Tour" title="Twenty Four Seven Tour">Twenty Four Seven Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina!:_50th_Anniversary_Tour" title="Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour">Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner_discography" title="Tina Turner discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_written_by_Tina_Turner" title="List of songs written by Tina Turner">Songs written</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tina_Turner" title="List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_discography" title="Ike & Tina Turner discography">Ike & Tina Turner discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Tina" title="I, Tina">I, Tina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_(musical)" title="Tina (musical)">Tina</a> (musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_(film)" title="Tina (film)">Tina</a> (documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolic_Sound" title="Bolic Sound">Bolic Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Ike_&amp;_Tina_Turner" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Template:Ike & Tina Turner"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Template talk:Ike & Tina Turner"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ike & Tina Turner"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ike_&amp;_Tina_Turner" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Rhythm" title="Kings of Rhythm">Kings of Rhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ikettes" title="The Ikettes">The Ikettes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Soul_of_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="The Soul of Ike & Tina Turner">The Soul of Ike & Tina Turner</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner%27s_Kings_of_Rhythm_Dance" title="Ike & Tina Turner's Kings of Rhythm Dance">Ike & Tina Turner's Kings of Rhythm Dance</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamite!_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Dynamite! (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Dynamite!</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Play_Me_Cheap" title="Don't Play Me Cheap">Don't Play Me Cheap</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Gonna_Work_Out_Fine_(album)" title="It's Gonna Work Out Fine (album)">It's Gonna Work Out Fine</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_It_%E2%80%93_Get_It" title="Get It – Get It">Get It – Get It</a> (ca. 1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Deep_%E2%80%93_Mountain_High_(album)" title="River Deep – Mountain High (album)">River Deep – Mountain High</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Fine_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="So Fine (Ike & Tina Turner album)">So Fine</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outta_Season" title="Outta Season">Outta Season</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cussin%27,_Cryin%27_%26_Carryin%27_On" title="Cussin', Cryin' & Carryin' On">Cussin', Cryin' & Carryin' On</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunter_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="The Hunter (Ike & Tina Turner album)">The Hunter</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come_Together_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Come Together (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Come Together</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workin%27_Together" title="Workin' Together">Workin' Together</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_It_%E2%80%93_Get_It" title="Get It – Get It">Her Man . . . His Woman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Nuff_Said_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="'Nuff Said (Ike & Tina Turner album)">'Nuff Said</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feel_Good_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Feel Good (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Feel Good</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_Me_Touch_Your_Mind" title="Let Me Touch Your Mind">Let Me Touch Your Mind</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutbush_City_Limits_(album)" title="Nutbush City Limits (album)">Nutbush City Limits</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_Ike_%26_Tina" title="The Gospel According to Ike & Tina">The Gospel According to Ike & Tina</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Rhode_Island_Red" title="Sweet Rhode Island Red">Sweet Rhode Island Red</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delilah%27s_Power" title="Delilah's Power">Delilah's Power</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airwaves_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Airwaves (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Airwaves</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_(Ike_Turner_album)" title="The Edge (Ike Turner album)">The Edge</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_Revue_Live" title="Ike & Tina Turner Revue Live">Ike & Tina Turner Revue Live</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live!_The_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_Show" title="Live! The Ike & Tina Turner Show">Live! The Ike & Tina Turner Show</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live!_The_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_Show" title="Live! The Ike & Tina Turner Show">The Ike & Tina Turner Show – Vol. 2</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Person_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="In Person (Ike & Tina Turner album)">In Person</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner%27s_Festival_of_Live_Performances" title="Ike & Tina Turner's Festival of Live Performances">Ike & Tina Turner's Festival of Live Performances</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_You_Hear_Is_What_You_Get_%E2%80%93_Live_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="What You Hear Is What You Get – Live at Carnegie Hall">What You Hear Is What You Get</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Paris_%E2%80%93_Olympia_1971" title="Live in Paris – Olympia 1971">Live in Paris – Olympia 1971</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live!_The_World_of_Ike_%26_Tina" title="Live! The World of Ike & Tina">Live! The World of Ike & Tina</a> (1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Hits_of_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="The Greatest Hits of Ike & Tina Turner">The Greatest Hits of Ike & Tina Turner</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Soul_of_Ike_%26_Tina" title="The Soul of Ike & Tina">The Soul of Ike & Tina</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souled_Out_(Raelets_with_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Souled Out (Raelets with Ike & Tina Turner album)">Souled Out</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Greatest Hits</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Back_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Get Back (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Get Back</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Empire_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_album)" title="Golden Empire (Ike & Tina Turner album)">Golden Empire</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Mary:_The_Best_of_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Proud Mary: The Best of Ike & Tina Turner">Proud Mary: The Best of Ike & Tina Turner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funkier_Than_a_Mosquito%27s_Tweeter" title="Funkier Than a Mosquito's Tweeter">Funkier Than a Mosquito's Tweeter</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Woman,_Her_Man:_The_Ike_Turner_Diaries" title="His Woman, Her Man: The Ike Turner Diaries">His Woman, Her Man: The Ike Turner Diaries</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_Story:_1960%E2%80%931975" title="The Ike & Tina Turner Story: 1960–1975">The Ike & Tina Turner Story: 1960–1975</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_to_Soul_(soundtrack)" title="Soul to Soul (soundtrack)">Soul To Soul</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here%27s_Johnny:_Magic_Moments_from_the_Tonight_Show" title="Here's Johnny: Magic Moments from the Tonight Show">Here's Johnny: Magic Moments from the Tonight Show</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Fool_in_Love" title="A Fool in Love">A Fool in Love</a>" (1960)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Idolize_You" title="I Idolize You">I Idolize You</a>" (1960)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Jealous_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_song)" title="I'm Jealous (Ike & Tina Turner song)">I'm Jealous</a>" (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Gonna_Work_Out_Fine" title="It's Gonna Work Out Fine">It's Gonna Work Out Fine</a>" (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Poor_Fool" title="Poor Fool">Poor Fool</a>" (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tra_La_La_La_La" title="Tra La La La La">Tra La La La La</a>" (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Should%27a_Treated_Me_Right" title="You Should'a Treated Me Right">You Should'a Treated Me Right</a>" (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Miss_Nothing_That_You_Never_Had" title="You Can't Miss Nothing That You Never Had">You Can't Miss Nothing That You Never Had</a>" (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Fool_for_a_Fool" title="A Fool for a Fool">A Fool for a Fool</a>" (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Believe_What_You_Say_(for_Seeing_What_You_Do)" title="I Can't Believe What You Say (for Seeing What You Do)">I Can't Believe What You Say (for Seeing What You Do)</a>" (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Please,_Please,_Please" title="Please, Please, Please">Please, Please, Please</a>" (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/She%27s_the_One_(Hank_Ballard_song)" title="She's the One (Hank Ballard song)">He's the One</a>" (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tell_Him_I%27m_Not_Home" title="Tell Him I'm Not Home">Tell Her I'm Not Home</a>" (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somebody_Needs_You" title="Somebody Needs You">Somebody Needs You</a>" (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Bye,_So_Long" title="Good Bye, So Long">Good Bye, So Long</a>" (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Need" title="I Don't Need">I Don't Need</a>" (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_Is_a_Couple" title="Two Is a Couple">Two Is a Couple</a>" (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Chance_a_Break_Up" title="Can't Chance a Break Up">Can't Chance a Break Up</a>" (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Something%27s_Got_a_Hold_on_Me" title="Something's Got a Hold on Me">Something's Got a Hold of Me</a>" (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dust_My_Broom" title="Dust My Broom">Dust My Broom</a>" (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/River_Deep_%E2%80%93_Mountain_High" title="River Deep – Mountain High">River Deep – Mountain High</a>" (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Never_Need_More_Than_This" title="I'll Never Need More Than This">I'll Never Need More Than This</a>" (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Love_Like_Yours_(Don%27t_Come_Knocking_Everyday)" title="A Love Like Yours (Don't Come Knocking Everyday)">A Love Like Yours</a>" (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/So_Fine_(Johnny_Otis_song)" title="So Fine (Johnny Otis song)">So Fine</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Do_All_I_Can_(to_Do_Right_by_My_Man)" title="I'm Gonna Do All I Can (to Do Right by My Man)">I'm Gonna Do All I Can (to Do Right by My Man)</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Been_Loving_You_Too_Long" title="I've Been Loving You Too Long">I've Been Loving You Too Long</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Wish_It_Would_Rain" title="I Wish It Would Rain">I Wish It Would Rain</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hunter_(Albert_King_song)" title="The Hunter (Albert King song)">The Hunter</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Know_(You_Don%27t_Love_Me_No_More)" title="I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)">I Know</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bold_Soul_Sister" title="Bold Soul Sister">Bold Soul Sister</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come_Together" title="Come Together">Come Together</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Take_You_Higher" title="I Want to Take You Higher">I Want to Take You Higher</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Respect_(song)" title="Respect (song)">Respect</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Workin%27_Together_(song)" title="Workin' Together (song)">Workin' Together</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Proud_Mary" title="Proud Mary">Proud Mary</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Funkier_Than_a_Mosquito%27s_Tweeter_(song)" title="Funkier Than a Mosquito's Tweeter (song)">Funkier Than a Mosquita's Tweeter</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ooh_Poo_Pah_Doo" title="Ooh Poo Pah Doo">Ooh Poo Pah Doo</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Don%27t_Love_Me_(Willie_Cobbs_song)" title="You Don't Love Me (Willie Cobbs song)">You Don't Love Me (Yes I Know)</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Yours_(Use_Me_Anyway_You_Wanna)" title="I'm Yours (Use Me Anyway You Wanna)">I'm Yours (Use Me Anyway You Wanna)</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_Back" title="Get Back">Get Back</a>" (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Up_in_Heah" title="Up in Heah">Up in Heah</a>" (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Feel_Good_(Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_song)" title="Feel Good (Ike & Tina Turner song)">Feel Good</a>" (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/She_Came_In_Through_the_Bathroom_Window" title="She Came In Through the Bathroom Window">She Came In Through the Bathroom Window</a>" (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_Me_Touch_Your_Mind_(song)" title="Let Me Touch Your Mind (song)">Let Me Touch Your Mind</a>" (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/With_a_Little_Help_from_My_Friends" title="With a Little Help from My Friends">With a Little Help from My Friends</a>" (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Early_One_Morning_(Little_Richard_song)" title="Early One Morning (Little Richard song)">Early One Morning</a>" (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nutbush_City_Limits" title="Nutbush City Limits">Nutbush City Limits</a>" (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Rhode_Island_Red_(song)" title="Sweet Rhode Island Red (song)">Sweet Rhode Island Red</a>" (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sexy_Ida" title="Sexy Ida">Sexy Ida</a>" (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Baby,_Get_It_On" title="Baby, Get It On">Baby, Get It On</a>" (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shame,_Shame,_Shame_(Shirley_%26_Company_song)" title="Shame, Shame, Shame (Shirley & Company song)">Shame, Shame, Shame</a>" (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Living_for_the_City" title="Living for the City">Living for the City</a>" (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shake_a_Hand" title="Shake a Hand">Shake a Hand</a>" (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Raise_Your_Hand" title="Raise Your Hand">Raise Your Hand (U Got To)</a>" (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_MusikLaden_Live" title="The Best of MusikLaden Live">The Best of MusikLaden Live</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legends_Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_Live_in_%2771" title="The Legends Ike & Tina Turner Live in '71">The Legends Ike & Tina Turner Live in '71</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filmography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_T.N.T._Show" title="The Big T.N.T. Show">The Big T.N.T. Show</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimme_Shelter_(1970_film)" title="Gimme Shelter (1970 film)">Gimme Shelter</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Your_Thing_(film)" title="It's Your Thing (film)">It's Your Thing</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_Off_(film)" title="Taking Off (film)">Taking Off</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaefer_Music_Festival" title="Schaefer Music Festival">Good Vibrations From Central Park</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_to_Soul_(film)" title="Soul to Soul (film)">Soul To Soul</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_on_the_Road:_1971%E2%80%9372" title="Ike & Tina on the Road: 1971–72">Ike & Tina On The Road: 1971–72</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live performances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concert tours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_British_Tour_1966" title="The Rolling Stones British Tour 1966">The Rolling Stones British Tour 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_American_Tour_1969" title="The Rolling Stones American Tour 1969">The Rolling Stones American Tour 1969</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other performances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Award" title="Edison Award">Grand Gala du Disque</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Pop_Festival" title="Newport Pop Festival">Newport Pop Festival</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Pop_Festival" title="Seattle Pop Festival">Seattle Pop Festival</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Rush_(music_festival)" title="Gold Rush (music festival)">Gold Rush</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaefer_Music_Festival" title="Schaefer Music Festival">Schaefer Music Festival</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulane_Stadium" title="Tulane Stadium">Soul Bowl</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Raceway" title="Roosevelt Raceway">Festival of Hope Rockfest</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Bilzen" title="Jazz Bilzen">Jazz Bilzen</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner_discography" title="Ike & Tina Turner discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Imperial" title="Club Imperial">Club Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Manhattan" title="Club Manhattan">Club Manhattan</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boxtop_(song)" title="Boxtop (song)">Boxtop</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolic_Sound" title="Bolic Sound">Bolic Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prann_Records" title="Prann Records">Prann Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Records" title="Sony Records">Sony Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teena_Records" title="Teena Records">Teena Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonja_Records" title="Sonja Records">Sonja Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innis_Records" title="Innis Records">Innis Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(1993_film)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Tina_Turner" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Tina_Turner" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tina_Turner" title="List of awards and nominations received by Tina Turner">Awards for Tina Turner</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Female_Artist" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Female_Artist" title="Template:American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Female_Artist" title="Template talk:American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Female_Artist" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Female_Artist" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Pop/Rock_Female_Artist" title="American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist">American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Reddy" title="Helen Reddy">Helen Reddy</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Benatar" title="Pat Benatar">Pat Benatar</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Benatar" title="Pat Benatar">Pat Benatar</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper" title="Cyndi Lauper">Cyndi Lauper</a> (1985)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Abdul" title="Paula Abdul">Paula Abdul</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Abdul" title="Paula Abdul">Paula Abdul</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania Twain</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Hill" title="Faith Hill">Faith Hill</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Stefani" title="Gwen Stefani">Gwen Stefani</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergie_(singer)" title="Fergie (singer)">Fergie</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selena_Gomez" title="Selena Gomez">Selena Gomez</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R&amp;B_Female_Artist" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R%26B_Female_Artist" title="Template:American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R%26B_Female_Artist" title="Template talk:American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R%26B_Female_Artist" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R&amp;B_Female_Artist" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Music_Award_for_Favorite_Soul/R%26B_Female_Artist" title="American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist">American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Mills" title="Stephanie Mills">Stephanie Mills</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> (1984)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_LaBelle" title="Patti LaBelle">Patti LaBelle</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Baker" title="Anita Baker">Anita Baker</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Braxton" title="Toni Braxton">Toni Braxton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Braxton" title="Toni Braxton">Toni Braxton</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaliyah" title="Aaliyah">Aaliyah</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaliyah" title="Aaliyah">Aaliyah</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doja_Cat" title="Doja Cat">Doja Cat</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doja_Cat" title="Doja Cat">Doja Cat</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Template:Grammy Award for Record of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Record of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Record of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Grammy Award for Record of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nel_blu,_dipinto_di_blu_(song)" title="Nel blu, dipinto di blu (song)">Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu (Volare)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Modugno" title="Domenico Modugno">Domenico Modugno</a> (1958)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mack_the_Knife" title="Mack the Knife">Mack the Knife</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Theme_from_A_Summer_Place" title="Theme from A Summer Place">Theme from A Summer Place</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Percy_Faith" title="Percy Faith">Percy Faith</a> (1960)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moon_River" title="Moon River">Moon River</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Left_My_Heart_in_San_Francisco" title="I Left My Heart in San Francisco">I Left My Heart in San Francisco</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Days_of_Wine_and_Roses_(song)" title="Days of Wine and Roses (song)">Days of Wine and Roses</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Ipanema" title="The Girl from Ipanema">The Girl from Ipanema</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Astrud_Gilberto" title="Astrud Gilberto">Astrud Gilberto</a> & <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a> (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Taste_of_Honey_(song)" title="A Taste of Honey (song)">A Taste of Honey</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Herb_Alpert" title="Herb Alpert">Herb Alpert</a> & the Tijuana Brass (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strangers_in_the_Night" title="Strangers in the Night">Strangers in the Night</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Up,_Up_and_Away_(song)" title="Up, Up and Away (song)">Up, Up and Away</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_5th_Dimension" title="The 5th Dimension">The 5th Dimension</a> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mrs._Robinson" title="Mrs. Robinson">Mrs. Robinson</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Aquarius/Let_the_Sunshine_In" title="Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In">Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_5th_Dimension" title="The 5th Dimension">The 5th Dimension</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water_(song)" title="Bridge over Troubled Water (song)">Bridge over Troubled Water</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Too_Late_(Carole_King_song)" title="It's Too Late (Carole King song)">It's Too Late</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_First_Time_Ever_I_Saw_Your_Face" title="The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face">The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a> (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Killing_Me_Softly_with_His_Song" title="Killing Me Softly with His Song">Killing Me Softly with His Song</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a> (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Honestly_Love_You" title="I Honestly Love You">I Honestly Love You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Will_Keep_Us_Together" title="Love Will Keep Us Together">Love Will Keep Us Together</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Captain_%26_Tennille" title="Captain & Tennille">Captain & Tennille</a> (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Masquerade" title="This Masquerade">This Masquerade</a>" – <a href="/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson</a> (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hotel_California" title="Hotel California">Hotel California</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a> (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_the_Way_You_Are_(Billy_Joel_song)" title="Just the Way You Are (Billy Joel song)">Just the Way You Are</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (1978)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_a_Fool_Believes" title="What a Fool Believes">What a Fool Believes</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Doobie_Brothers" title="The Doobie Brothers">The Doobie Brothers</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sailing_(Christopher_Cross_song)" title="Sailing (Christopher Cross song)">Sailing</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> (1980)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis_Eyes" title="Bette Davis Eyes">Bette Davis Eyes</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kim_Carnes" title="Kim Carnes">Kim Carnes</a> (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rosanna_(song)" title="Rosanna (song)">Rosanna</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a> (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beat_It" title="Beat It">Beat It</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/USA_for_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="USA for Africa">USA for Africa</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Higher_Love" title="Higher Love">Higher Love</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Steve_Winwood" title="Steve Winwood">Steve Winwood</a> (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Graceland_(song)" title="Graceland (song)">Graceland</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Worry,_Be_Happy" title="Don't Worry, Be Happy">Don't Worry, Be Happy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wind_Beneath_My_Wings" title="Wind Beneath My Wings">Wind Beneath My Wings</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Another_Day_in_Paradise" title="Another Day in Paradise">Another Day in Paradise</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tears_in_Heaven" title="Tears in Heaven">Tears in Heaven</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Will_Always_Love_You" title="I Will Always Love You">I Will Always Love You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_I_Wanna_Do_(Sheryl_Crow_song)" title="All I Wanna Do (Sheryl Crow song)">All I Wanna Do</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kiss_from_a_Rose" title="Kiss from a Rose">Kiss from a Rose</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Seal_(musician)" title="Seal (musician)">Seal</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Change_the_World" title="Change the World">Change the World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sunny_Came_Home" title="Sunny Came Home">Sunny Came Home</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Colvin" title="Shawn Colvin">Shawn Colvin</a> (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Smooth_(Santana_song)" title="Smooth (Santana song)">Smooth</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Rob_Thomas_(musician)" title="Rob Thomas (musician)">Rob Thomas</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Day" title="Beautiful Day">Beautiful Day</a>" – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Walk_On_(U2_song)" title="Walk On (U2 song)">Walk On</a>" – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Know_Why" title="Don't Know Why">Don't Know Why</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Clocks_(song)" title="Clocks (song)">Clocks</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Here_We_Go_Again_(Ray_Charles_song)" title="Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)">Here We Go Again</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> & <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boulevard_of_Broken_Dreams_(Green_Day_song)" title="Boulevard of Broken Dreams (Green Day song)">Boulevard of Broken Dreams</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Not_Ready_to_Make_Nice" title="Not Ready to Make Nice">Not Ready to Make Nice</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Chicks" title="The Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rehab_(Amy_Winehouse_song)" title="Rehab (Amy Winehouse song)">Rehab</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Please_Read_the_Letter" title="Please Read the Letter">Please Read the Letter</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alison_Krauss" title="Alison Krauss">Alison Krauss</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Use_Somebody" title="Use Somebody">Use Somebody</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Leon" title="Kings of Leon">Kings of Leon</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Need_You_Now_(Lady_Antebellum_song)" title="Need You Now (Lady Antebellum song)">Need You Now</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Antebellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Antebellum">Lady Antebellum</a> (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep" title="Rolling in the Deep">Rolling in the Deep</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somebody_That_I_Used_to_Know" title="Somebody That I Used to Know">Somebody That I Used to Know</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Gotye" title="Gotye">Gotye</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Kimbra" title="Kimbra">Kimbra</a> (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_Lucky_(Daft_Punk_song)" title="Get Lucky (Daft Punk song)">Get Lucky</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Pharrell_Williams" title="Pharrell Williams">Pharrell Williams</a> & <a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stay_with_Me_(Sam_Smith_song)" title="Stay with Me (Sam Smith song)">Stay with Me</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Rodney_Jerkins" title="Rodney Jerkins">Darkchild</a> version) – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uptown_Funk" title="Uptown Funk">Uptown Funk</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hello_(Adele_song)" title="Hello (Adele song)">Hello</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/24K_Magic_(song)" title="24K Magic (song)">24K Magic</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glover" title="Donald Glover">Childish Gambino</a> (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Guy_(Billie_Eilish_song)" title="Bad Guy (Billie Eilish song)">Bad Guy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Everything_I_Wanted" title="Everything I Wanted">Everything I Wanted</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2020)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Leave_the_Door_Open" title="Leave the Door Open">Leave the Door Open</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Silk_Sonic" title="Silk Sonic">Silk Sonic</a> (2021)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/About_Damn_Time" title="About Damn Time">About Damn Time</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Lizzo" title="Lizzo">Lizzo</a> (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_(Miley_Cyrus_song)" title="Flowers (Miley Cyrus song)">Flowers</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1963–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li></ul></li> <li>1967 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li></ul></li> <li>1968 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li></ul></li> <li>1972 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a></li></ul></li> <li>1987 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Casals" title="Pablo Casals">Pablo Casals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a></li></ul></li> <li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Wells" title="Kitty Wells">Kitty Wells</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby "Blue" Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mills_Brothers" title="The Mills Brothers">The Mills Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a></li></ul></li> <li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Funk_Brothers" title="The Funk Brothers">The Funk Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Jenkins" title="Ella Jenkins">Ella Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carter_Family" title="Carter Family">Carter Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Staple_Singers" title="The Staple Singers">The Staple Singers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._%26_the_M.G.%27s" title="Booker T. & the M.G.'s">Booker T. & the M.G.'s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Boys_of_Alabama" title="The Blind Boys of Alabama">The Blind Boys of Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">The Four Tops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lee" title="Brenda Lee">Brenda Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_%22Honeyboy%22_Edwards" title="David "Honeyboy" Edwards">David "Honeyboy" Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Haynes" title="Roy Haynes">Roy Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_String_Quartet" title="Juilliard String Quartet">Juilliard String Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">The Kingston Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Beverly_Shea" title="George Beverly Shea">George Beverly Shea</a></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memphis_Horns" title="The Memphis Horns">The Memphis Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Haden" title="Charlie Haden">Charlie Haden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightnin%27_Hopkins" title="Lightnin' Hopkins">Lightnin' Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Chenier" title="Clifton Chenier">Clifton Chenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Manzanero" title="Armando Manzanero">Armando Manzanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Powell" title="Maud Powell">Maud Powell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaco_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Flaco Jiménez">Flaco Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Louvin_Brothers" title="The Louvin Brothers">The Louvin Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Brown" title="Ruth Brown">Ruth Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-DMC" title="Run-DMC">Run-DMC</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meters" title="The Meters">The Meters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic" title="Parliament-Funkadelic">Parliament-Funkadelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Hathaway" title="Donny Hathaway">Donny Hathaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_%26_Dave" title="Sam & Dave">Sam & Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy" title="Public Enemy">Public Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five" title="Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five">Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa" title="Salt-N-Pepa">Salt-N-Pepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slick_Rick" title="Slick Rick">Slick Rick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wilson" title="Ann Wilson">Ann Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(rock_musician)" title="Nancy Wilson (rock musician)">Nancy Wilson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clark_Sisters" title="The Clark Sisters">The Clark Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N.W.A" title="N.W.A">N.W.A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(2000s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template talk:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s"><abbr title="Edit this 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Farrell" title="Suzanne Farrell">Suzanne Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Fleisher" title="Leon Fleisher">Leon Fleisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Townshend" title="Pete Townshend">Pete Townshend</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roger_Daltrey" title="Roger Daltrey">Roger Daltrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry">Grace Bumbry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Female_Video" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Female_Video" title="Template:MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Female_Video" title="Template talk:MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Female_Video" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Female_Video" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Female_Video" title="MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video">MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Girls_Just_Want_to_Have_Fun" title="Girls Just Want to Have Fun">Girls Just Want to Have Fun</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper" title="Cyndi Lauper">Cyndi Lauper</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Will_I_Know" title="How Will I Know">How Will I Know</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Papa_Don%27t_Preach" title="Papa Don't Preach">Papa Don't Preach</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Luka_(song)" title="Luka (song)">Luka</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Vega" title="Suzanne Vega">Suzanne Vega</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Straight_Up_(Paula_Abdul_song)" title="Straight Up (Paula Abdul song)">Straight Up</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Paula_Abdul" title="Paula Abdul">Paula Abdul</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nothing_Compares_2_U" title="Nothing Compares 2 U">Nothing Compares 2 U</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Will_Never_Do_(Without_You)" title="Love Will Never Do (Without You)">Love Will Never Do (Without You)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Why_(Annie_Lennox_song)" title="Why (Annie Lennox song)">Why</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Constant_Craving" title="Constant Craving">Constant Craving</a>" – <a href="/wiki/K.d._lang" title="K.d. lang">k.d. lang</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_(Janet_Jackson_song)" title="If (Janet Jackson song)">If</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_a_Bow_(Madonna_song)" title="Take a Bow (Madonna song)">Take a Bow</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ironic_(song)" title="Ironic (song)">Ironic</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Were_Meant_for_Me_(Jewel_song)" title="You Were Meant for Me (Jewel song)">You Were Meant for Me</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jewel_(singer)" title="Jewel (singer)">Jewel</a> (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light_(song)" title="Ray of Light (song)">Ray of Light</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Doo_Wop_(That_Thing)" title="Doo Wop (That Thing)">Doo Wop (That Thing)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Try_Again_(Aaliyah_song)" title="Try Again (Aaliyah song)">Try Again</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Aaliyah" title="Aaliyah">Aaliyah</a> (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_Me_Blow_Ya_Mind" title="Let Me Blow Ya Mind">Let Me Blow Ya Mind</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eve_(rapper)" title="Eve (rapper)">Eve</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Stefani" title="Gwen Stefani">Gwen Stefani</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_the_Party_Started" title="Get the Party Started">Get the Party Started</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)">Pink</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crazy_in_Love" title="Crazy in Love">Crazy in Love</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Naughty_Girl_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)" title="Naughty Girl (Beyoncé song)">Naughty Girl</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Since_U_Been_Gone" title="Since U Been Gone">Since U Been Gone</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Because_of_You_(Kelly_Clarkson_song)" title="Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song)">Because of You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Piece_of_Me" title="Piece of Me">Piece of Me</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me" title="You Belong with Me">You Belong with Me</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Romance" title="Bad Romance">Bad Romance</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Born_This_Way_(song)" title="Born This Way (song)">Born This Way</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Starships_(song)" title="Starships (song)">Starships</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Nicki_Minaj" title="Nicki Minaj">Nicki Minaj</a> (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Knew_You_Were_Trouble" title="I Knew You Were Trouble">I Knew You Were Trouble</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dark_Horse_(Katy_Perry_song)" title="Dark Horse (Katy Perry song)">Dark Horse</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a> (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blank_Space" title="Blank Space">Blank Space</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hold_Up_(song)" title="Hold Up (song)">Hold Up</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture" title="NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture">NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Evans" title="Estelle Evans">Estelle Evans</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McNair" title="Barbara McNair">Barbara McNair</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> (1972)</li> <li>No Award (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Anderson_(Jamaican_actress)" title="Esther Anderson (Jamaican actress)">Ester Anderson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diahann_Carroll" title="Diahann Carroll">Diahann Carroll</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Nicholas" title="Denise Nicholas">Denise Nicholas</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (1978)</li> <li>Mavis Washington (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Cara" title="Irene Cara">Irene Cara</a> (1980)</li> <li>No Award (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Kennedy" title="Jayne Kennedy">Jayne Kennedy</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Beals" title="Jennifer Beals">Jennifer Beals</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfre_Woodard" title="Alfre Woodard">Alfre Woodard</a> (1984)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traci_Wolfe" title="Traci Wolfe">Traci Wolfe</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (1989)</li> <li>No Award (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (1993)</li> <li>No Award (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Williams" title="Vanessa Williams">Vanessa Williams</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nia_Long" title="Nia Long">Nia Long</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa_Lathan" title="Sanaa Lathan">Sanaa Lathan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Latifah" title="Queen Latifah">Queen Latifah</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Washington" title="Kerry Washington">Kerry Washington</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Elise" title="Kimberly Elise">Kimberly Elise</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keke_Palmer" title="Keke Palmer">Keke Palmer</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurnee_Smollett" title="Jurnee Smollett">Jurnee Smollett</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Dawson" title="Rosario Dawson">Rosario Dawson</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabourey_Sidibe" title="Gabourey Sidibe">Gabourey Sidibe</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson" title="Taraji P. Henson">Taraji P. Henson</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa_Lathan" title="Sanaa Lathan">Sanaa Lathan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson" title="Taraji P. Henson">Taraji P. Henson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_Spencer" title="Octavia Spencer">Octavia Spencer</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amandla_Stenberg" title="Amandla Stenberg">Amandla Stenberg</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o" title="Lupita Nyong'o">Lupita Nyong'o</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson" title="Jennifer Hudson">Jennifer Hudson</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(singer)" title="Fantasia (singer)">Fantasia Barrino</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1991" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1991_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1991_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1991_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1991" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 1991</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaVern_Baker" title="LaVern Baker">LaVern Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Clark" title="Gene Clark">Gene Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Clarke_(musician)" title="Michael Clarke (musician)">Michael Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Crosby" title="David Crosby">David Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hillman" title="Chris Hillman">Chris Hillman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Roger McGuinn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Impressions" title="The Impressions">The Impressions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Butler" title="Jerry Butler">Jerry Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brooks_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Brooks (singer)">Arthur Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brooks_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Brooks (singer)">Richard Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Cash" title="Fred Cash">Fred Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Gooden" title="Sam Gooden">Sam Gooden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Pickett" title="Wilson Pickett">Wilson Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Reed" title="Jimmy Reed">Jimmy Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_%26_Tina_Turner" title="Ike & Tina Turner">Ike & Tina Turner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf">Howlin' Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Bartholomew" title="Dave Bartholomew">Dave Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bass" title="Ralph Bass">Ralph Bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifetime achievement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nesuhi_Ertegun" title="Nesuhi Ertegun">Nesuhi Ertegun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2021" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2021_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:2021 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2021_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:2021 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2021_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2021 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2021" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 2021</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Hawkins" title="Taylor Hawkins">Taylor Hawkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rami_Jaffee" title="Rami Jaffee">Rami Jaffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nate_Mendel" title="Nate Mendel">Nate Mendel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Shiflett" title="Chris Shiflett">Chris Shiflett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Smear" title="Pat Smear">Pat Smear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Go-Go%27s" title="The Go-Go's">The Go-Go's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Caffey" title="Charlotte Caffey">Charlotte Caffey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belinda_Carlisle" title="Belinda Carlisle">Belinda Carlisle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gina_Schock" title="Gina Schock">Gina Schock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathy_Valentine" title="Kathy Valentine">Kathy Valentine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wiedlin" title="Jane Wiedlin">Jane Wiedlin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Rundgren" title="Todd Rundgren">Todd Rundgren</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tina Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bartos" title="Karl Bartos">Karl Bartos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Fl%C3%BCr" title="Wolfgang Flür">Wolfgang Flür</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralf_H%C3%BCtter" title="Ralf Hütter">Ralf Hütter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florian_Schneider" title="Florian Schneider">Florian Schneider</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Patton" title="Charley Patton">Charley Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Avant" title="Clarence Avant">Clarence Avant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Award for Musical Excellence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LL_Cool_J" title="LL Cool J">LL Cool J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Rhoads" title="Randy Rhoads">Randy Rhoads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/19px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/29px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/38px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Rhythm_and_blues" title="Portal:Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Audio-input-microphone.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/19px-Audio-input-microphone.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/29px-Audio-input-microphone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/38px-Audio-input-microphone.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pop_music" title="Portal:Pop music">Pop music</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131814#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131814#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131814#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000385528316">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/210542814">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/111027/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp667wrbJWhJ7R3g4Gj4q">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118763237">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83046564">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139006103">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139006103">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00476391">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35595914">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0010294&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4578911">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071759182">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90140428">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000097014&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000050935&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2019E1776">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hlt8fp3srt20p">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810611359105606">Poland</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810694869405606">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007452304605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000193020">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13982492">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06416045?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/9072df14-b61e-42e2-b4f4-6bbb7fdb5586">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/tina-turner/7641">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1008686">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118763237.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/yYAKyFuBZ">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118763237">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028818806">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67f3n48">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&oldid=1259641022">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tina_Turner&oldid=1259641022</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tina_Turner" title="Category:Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1939_births" title="Category:1939 births">1939 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2023_deaths" title="Category:2023 deaths">2023 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_women_singers" title="Category:20th-century African-American women singers">20th-century African-American women singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_women_singers" title="Category:20th-century American women singers">20th-century American women singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_singers" title="Category:20th-century American singers">20th-century American singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_actresses" title="Category:20th-century American actresses">20th-century American actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_women_singers" title="Category:21st-century African-American women singers">21st-century African-American women singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_singers" title="Category:21st-century American women singers">21st-century American women singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_actresses" title="Category:21st-century American actresses">21st-century American actresses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_memoirists" title="Category:21st-century American memoirists">21st-century American 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American Buddhists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_choreographers" title="Category:African-American choreographers">African-American choreographers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_female_dancers" title="Category:African-American female dancers">African-American female dancers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_memoirists" title="Category:African-American memoirists">African-American memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_women_memoirists" title="Category:African-American women memoirists">African-American women memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_rock_singers" title="Category:African-American rock singers">African-American rock singers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Buddhists" title="Category:American Buddhists">American Buddhists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_choreographers" title="Category:American choreographers">American 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[\"CITEREFBushby2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCallahan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCannon1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaroline_GrahamDaniel2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaulfield2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCawthorneTurner1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandler2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristian2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFChumacher-Rasmussen2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClopton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoffman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollis2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConsidine1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConsidine1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooperman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCosgrove\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeerwester2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelliCarpini2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenisoff1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevine2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiMartino2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDurchholz2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbony1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliott1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiles2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFissinger1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzhugh2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFong-Torres1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalli2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarvey2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeraghty2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGleason1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreensmith2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGulla2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGundersen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrington1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrington1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHasday1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeller2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiatt2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilburn1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHobbs1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJefferson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Wikane2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKappes2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasindorf1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatona2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKent2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiersh1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirby2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoenig1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKreps2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeckie2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLichtenfeld2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLloyd1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoder1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLopez\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowMaddoxGeraetsBoulton2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucas1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucas1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucas1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMabery1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaslin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasso2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKeen2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNg2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOliver2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrth2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOthello2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPareles1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPegg2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierce2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReal2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReport2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRivera2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberto2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRockwell1981\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRosenbaum2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuntagh2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRuntagh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaad2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaenz_de_Tejada1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandler1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchuetze2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnapes2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSteinberg2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwertlow2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerry2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTurnerLoder1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyehimba1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValdez2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWENN2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatrous1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWesy1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitburn2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilder2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilker2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinfrey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoliver2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWynn1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZürcher2013\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 6,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"'-\"] = 1,\n [\"'s\"] = 1,\n [\"1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"2021 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMusic\"] = 1,\n [\"American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist\"] = 1,\n [\"American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R\u0026B Female Artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 30,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 46,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 88,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 142,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Turner, Tina\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Discogs artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Formatnum:180000\"] = 1,\n [\"Gilliland\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Grammy Award for Record of the Year\"] = 1,\n [\"Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 4,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Ike \u0026 Tina Turner\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox musical artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 2,\n [\"Multiref2\"] = 1,\n [\"NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"Original research inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 117,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 3,\n [\"Tina Turner\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"US$\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 3,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Use shortened footnotes\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","500","18.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","10.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","8.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","140","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","120","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","100","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","100","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","80","2.9"],["[others]","940","34.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-75b4cd9cb5-s5f8v","timestamp":"20241126073338","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tina Turner","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tina_Turner","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q131814","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q131814","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-08T00:54:45Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T07:33:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/10\/Tina_turner_21021985_01_350.jpg","headline":"American-born Swiss singer and songwriter (1939\u20132023)"}</script> </body> </html>