CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: non-probability sampling</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: non-probability sampling"> <meta name="keywords" content="non-probability sampling"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="non-probability sampling" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="non-probability sampling"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2948</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: non-probability sampling</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2948</span> Estimating The Population Mean by Using Stratified Double Extreme Ranked Set Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20I.%20Syam">Mahmoud I. Syam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamarulzaman%20Ibrahim"> Kamarulzaman Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20I.%20Al-Omari"> Amer I. Al-Omari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stratified double extreme ranked set sampling (SDERSS) method is introduced and considered for estimating the population mean. The SDERSS is compared with the simple random sampling (SRS), stratified ranked set sampling (SRSS) and stratified simple set sampling (SSRS). It is shown that the SDERSS estimator is an unbiased of the population mean and more efficient than the estimators using SRS, SRSS and SSRS when the underlying distribution of the variable of interest is symmetric or asymmetric. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20extreme%20ranked%20set%20sampling" title="double extreme ranked set sampling">double extreme ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" extreme ranked set sampling"> extreme ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" ranked set sampling"> ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratified%20double%20extreme%20ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" stratified double extreme ranked set sampling"> stratified double extreme ranked set sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25207/estimating-the-population-mean-by-using-stratified-double-extreme-ranked-set-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2947</span> Optimal ECG Sampling Frequency for Multiscale Entropy-Based HRV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjit%20Singh">Manjit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiscale entropy (MSE) is an extensively used index to provide a general understanding of multiple complexity of physiologic mechanism of heart rate variability (HRV) that operates on a wide range of time scales. Accurate selection of electrocardiogram (ECG) sampling frequency is an essential concern for clinically significant HRV quantification; high ECG sampling rate increase memory requirements and processing time, whereas low sampling rate degrade signal quality and results in clinically misinterpreted HRV. In this work, the impact of ECG sampling frequency on MSE based HRV have been quantified. MSE measures are found to be sensitive to ECG sampling frequency and effect of sampling frequency will be a function of time scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG%20%28electrocardiogram%29" title="ECG (electrocardiogram)">ECG (electrocardiogram)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate%20variability%20%28HRV%29" title=" heart rate variability (HRV)"> heart rate variability (HRV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiscale%20entropy" title=" multiscale entropy"> multiscale entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling%20frequency" title=" sampling frequency"> sampling frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78603/optimal-ecg-sampling-frequency-for-multiscale-entropy-based-hrv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2946</span> Bayesian Approach for Moving Extremes Ranked Set Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Ali%20Al-Hadhrami">Said Ali Al-Hadhrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Ibrahim%20Al-Omari"> Amer Ibrahim Al-Omari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, Bayesian estimation for the mean of exponential distribution is considered using Moving Extremes Ranked Set Sampling (MERSS). Three priors are used; Jeffery, conjugate and constant using MERSS and Simple Random Sampling (SRS). Some properties of the proposed estimators are investigated. It is found that the suggested estimators using MERSS are more efficient than its counterparts based on SRS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian" title="Bayesian">Bayesian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20extreme%20ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" moving extreme ranked set sampling"> moving extreme ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" ranked set sampling"> ranked set sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30733/bayesian-approach-for-moving-extremes-ranked-set-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2945</span> Efficient Alias-Free Level Crossing Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negar%20Riazifar">Negar Riazifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20G.%20Stocks"> Nigel G. Stocks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes strategies in level crossing (LC) sampling and reconstruction that provide alias-free high-fidelity signal reconstruction for speech signals without exponentially increasing sample number with increasing bit-depth. We introduce methods in LC sampling that reduce the sampling rate close to the Nyquist frequency even for large bit-depth. The results indicate that larger variation in the sampling intervals leads to an alias-free sampling scheme; this is achieved by either reducing the bit-depth or adding jitter to the system for high bit-depths. In conjunction with windowing, the signal is reconstructed from the LC samples using an efficient Toeplitz reconstruction algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alias-free" title="alias-free">alias-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20crossing%20sampling" title=" level crossing sampling"> level crossing sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum" title=" spectrum"> spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigonometric%20polynomial" title=" trigonometric polynomial"> trigonometric polynomial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136144/efficient-alias-free-level-crossing-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2944</span> Design of Bayesian MDS Sampling Plan Based on the Process Capability Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davood%20Shishebori">Davood Shishebori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saber%20Fallah%20Nezhad"> Mohammad Saber Fallah Nezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Seifi"> Sina Seifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a variable multiple dependent state (MDS) sampling plan is developed based on the process capability index using Bayesian approach. The optimal parameters of the developed sampling plan with respect to constraints related to the risk of consumer and producer are presented. Two comparison studies have been done. First, the methods of double sampling model, sampling plan for resubmitted lots and repetitive group sampling (RGS) plan are elaborated and average sample numbers of the developed MDS plan and other classical methods are compared. A comparison study between the developed MDS plan based on Bayesian approach and the exact probability distribution is carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDS%20sampling%20plan" title="MDS sampling plan">MDS sampling plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGS%20plan" title=" RGS plan"> RGS plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling%20plan%20for%20resubmitted%20lots" title=" sampling plan for resubmitted lots"> sampling plan for resubmitted lots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20capability%20index%20%28PCI%29" title=" process capability index (PCI)"> process capability index (PCI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20sample%20number%20%28ASN%29" title=" average sample number (ASN)"> average sample number (ASN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20approach" title=" Bayesian approach"> Bayesian approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74571/design-of-bayesian-mds-sampling-plan-based-on-the-process-capability-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2943</span> Methods of Variance Estimation in Two-Phase Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghunath%20Arnab">Raghunath Arnab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The two-phase sampling which is also known as double sampling was introduced in 1938. In two-phase sampling, samples are selected in phases. In the first phase, a relatively large sample of size is selected by some suitable sampling design and only information on the auxiliary variable is collected. During the second phase, a sample of size is selected either from, the sample selected in the first phase or from the entire population by using a suitable sampling design and information regarding the study and auxiliary variable is collected. Evidently, two phase sampling is useful if the auxiliary information is relatively easy and cheaper to collect than the study variable as well as if the strength of the relationship between the variables and is high. If the sample is selected in more than two phases, the resulting sampling design is called a multi-phase sampling. In this article we will consider how one can use data collected at the first phase sampling at the stages of estimation of the parameter, stratification, selection of sample and their combinations in the second phase in a unified setup applicable to any sampling design and wider classes of estimators. The problem of the estimation of variance will also be considered. The variance of estimator is essential for estimating precision of the survey estimates, calculation of confidence intervals, determination of the optimal sample sizes and for testing of hypotheses amongst others. Although, the variance is a non-negative quantity but its estimators may not be non-negative. If the estimator of variance is negative, then it cannot be used for estimation of confidence intervals, testing of hypothesis or measure of sampling error. The non-negativity properties of the variance estimators will also be studied in details. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxiliary%20information" title="auxiliary information">auxiliary information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20sampling" title=" two-phase sampling"> two-phase sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varying%20probability%20sampling" title=" varying probability sampling"> varying probability sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbiased%20estimators" title=" unbiased estimators"> unbiased estimators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36087/methods-of-variance-estimation-in-two-phase-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">588</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2942</span> Investigating the Efficiency of Stratified Double Median Ranked Set Sample for Estimating the Population Mean</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20I.%20Syam">Mahmoud I. Syam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stratified double median ranked set sampling (SDMRSS) method is suggested for estimating the population mean. The SDMRSS is compared with the simple random sampling (SRS), stratified simple random sampling (SSRS), and stratified ranked set sampling (SRSS). It is shown that SDMRSS estimator is an unbiased of the population mean and more efficient than SRS, SSRS, and SRSS. Also, by SDMRSS, we can increase the efficiency of mean estimator for specific value of the sample size. SDMRSS is applied on real life examples, and the results of the example agreed the theoretical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" double ranked set sampling"> double ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" median ranked set sampling"> median ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" ranked set sampling"> ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratified" title=" stratified"> stratified</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56985/investigating-the-efficiency-of-stratified-double-median-ranked-set-sample-for-estimating-the-population-mean" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2941</span> Investigation of the Effects of Sampling Frequency on the THD of 3-Phase Inverters Using Space Vector Modulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khattab%20Al%20Qaisi">Khattab Al Qaisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Bowring"> Nicholas Bowring</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the simulation results of the effects of sampling frequency on the total harmonic distortion (THD) of three-phase inverters using the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and space vector control (SVC) algorithms. The relationship between the variables was studied using curve fitting techniques, and it has been shown that, for 50 Hz inverters, there is an exponential relation between the sampling frequency and THD up to around 8500 Hz, beyond which the performance of the model becomes irregular, and there is an negative exponential relation between the sampling frequency and the marginal improvement to the THD. It has also been found that the performance of SVPWM is better than that of SVC with the same sampling frequency in most frequency range, including the range where the performance of the former is irregular. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSI" title="DSI">DSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVPWM" title=" SVPWM"> SVPWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THD" title=" THD"> THD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-AC%20converter" title=" DC-AC converter"> DC-AC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling%20frequency" title=" sampling frequency"> sampling frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17856/investigation-of-the-effects-of-sampling-frequency-on-the-thd-of-3-phase-inverters-using-space-vector-modulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2940</span> Different Sampling Schemes for Semi-Parametric Frailty Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nursel%20Koyuncu">Nursel Koyuncu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihal%20Ata%20Tutkun"> Nihal Ata Tutkun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Frailty model is a survival model that takes into account the unobserved heterogeneity for exploring the relationship between the survival of an individual and several covariates. In the recent years, proposed survival models become more complex and this feature causes convergence problems especially in large data sets. Therefore selection of sample from these big data sets is very important for estimation of parameters. In sampling literature, some authors have defined new sampling schemes to predict the parameters correctly. For this aim, we try to see the effect of sampling design in semi-parametric frailty model. We conducted a simulation study in R programme to estimate the parameters of semi-parametric frailty model for different sample sizes, censoring rates under classical simple random sampling and ranked set sampling schemes. In the simulation study, we used data set recording 17260 male Civil Servants aged 40–64 years with complete 10-year follow-up as population. Time to death from coronary heart disease is treated as a survival-time and age, systolic blood pressure are used as covariates. We select the 1000 samples from population using different sampling schemes and estimate the parameters. From the simulation study, we concluded that ranked set sampling design performs better than simple random sampling for each scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frailty%20model" title="frailty model">frailty model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranked%20set%20sampling" title=" ranked set sampling"> ranked set sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simple%20random%20sampling" title=" simple random sampling"> simple random sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76811/different-sampling-schemes-for-semi-parametric-frailty-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2939</span> Some Generalized Multivariate Estimators for Population Mean under Multi Phase Stratified Systematic Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muqaddas%20Javed">Muqaddas Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hanif"> Muhammad Hanif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generalized multivariate ratio and regression type estimators for population mean are suggested under multi-phase stratified systematic sampling (MPSSS) using multi auxiliary information. Estimators are developed under the two different situations of availability of auxiliary information. The expressions of bias and mean square error (MSE) are developed. Special cases of suggested estimators are also discussed and simulation study is conducted to observe the performance of estimators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20estimators" title="generalized estimators">generalized estimators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-phase%20sampling" title=" multi-phase sampling"> multi-phase sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratified%20random%20sampling" title=" stratified random sampling"> stratified random sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20sampling" title=" systematic sampling"> systematic sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27296/some-generalized-multivariate-estimators-for-population-mean-under-multi-phase-stratified-systematic-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">729</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2938</span> A Comparison between Empirical and Theoretical OC Curves Related to Acceptance Sampling for Attributes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Encarnacion%20Alvarez">Encarnacion Alvarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noem%C4%B1%20Hidalgo-Rebollo"> Noemı Hidalgo-Rebollo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20F.%20Munoz"> Juan F. Munoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20J.%20Blanco-Encomienda"> Francisco J. Blanco-Encomienda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many companies use the technique named as acceptance sampling which consists on the inspection and decision making regarding products. According to the results derived from this method, the company takes the decision of acceptance or rejection of a product. The acceptance sampling can be applied to the technology management, since the acceptance sampling can be seen as a tool to improve the design planning, operation and control of technological products. The theoretical operating characteristic (OC) curves are widely used when dealing with acceptance sampling. In this paper, we carry out Monte Carlo simulation studies to compare numerically the empirical OC curves derived from the empirical results to the customary theoretical OC curves. We analyze various possible scenarios in such a way that the differences between the empirical and theoretical curves can be observed under different situations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-sampling%20plan" title="single-sampling plan">single-sampling plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lot" title=" lot"> lot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20control" title=" quality control"> quality control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19429/a-comparison-between-empirical-and-theoretical-oc-curves-related-to-acceptance-sampling-for-attributes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2937</span> Sampling Effects on Secondary Voltage Control of Microgrids Based on Network of Multiagent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Park">M. J. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Lee"> S. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Lee"> C. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20M.%20Kwon"> O. M. Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies a secondary voltage control framework of the microgrids based on the consensus for a communication network of multiagent. The proposed control is designed by the communication network with one-way links. The communication network is modeled by a directed graph. At this time, the concept of sampling is considered as the communication constraint among each distributed generator in the microgrids. To analyze the sampling effects on the secondary voltage control of the microgrids, by using Lyapunov theory and some mathematical techniques, the sufficient condition for such problem will be established regarding linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, some simulation results are given to illustrate the necessity of the consideration of the sampling effects on the secondary voltage control of the microgrids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgrids" title="microgrids">microgrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20control" title=" secondary control"> secondary control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiagent" title=" multiagent"> multiagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling" title=" sampling"> sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMI" title=" LMI"> LMI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51477/sampling-effects-on-secondary-voltage-control-of-microgrids-based-on-network-of-multiagent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2936</span> The Variable Sampling Interval Xbar Chart versus the Double Sampling Xbar Chart</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20B.%20C.%20Khoo">Michael B. C. Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Khoo"> J. L. Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20C.%20Yeong"> W. C. Yeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20L.%20Teoh"> W. L. Teoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Shewhart Xbar control chart is a useful process monitoring tool in manufacturing industries to detect the presence of assignable causes. However, it is insensitive in detecting small process shifts. To circumvent this problem, adaptive control charts are suggested. An adaptive chart enables at least one of the chart’s parameters to be adjusted to increase the chart’s sensitivity. Two common adaptive charts that exist in the literature are the double sampling (DS) Xbar and variable sampling interval (VSI) Xbar charts. This paper compares the performances of the DS and VSI Xbar charts, based on the average time to signal (ATS) criterion. The ATS profiles of the DS Xbar and VSI Xbar charts are obtained using the Mathematica and Statistical Analysis System (SAS) programs, respectively. The results show that the VSI Xbar chart is generally superior to the DS Xbar chart. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20charts" title="adaptive charts">adaptive charts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20time%20to%20signal" title=" average time to signal"> average time to signal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20sampling" title=" double sampling"> double sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charts" title=" charts"> charts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20sampling%20interval" title=" variable sampling interval"> variable sampling interval</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45295/the-variable-sampling-interval-xbar-chart-versus-the-double-sampling-xbar-chart" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2935</span> Utilization of Family Planning Methods and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Sunsari, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punam%20Kumari%20Mandal">Punam Kumari Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namita%20Yangden"> Namita Yangden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhumika%20Rai"> Bhumika Rai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achala%20Niraula"> Achala Niraula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabitra%20Subedi"> Sabitra Subedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> introduction: Family planning not only improves women’s health but also promotes gender equality, better child health, and improved education outcomes, including poverty reduction. The objective of this study is to assess the utilization of family planning methods and associated factors in Sunsari, Nepal. methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among women of the reproductive age group (15-49 years) in Sunsari in 2020. Nonprobability purposive sampling was used to collect information from 212 respondents through face-to-face interviews using a Semi-structured interview schedule from ward no 1 of Barju rural municipality. Data processing was done by using SPSS “statistics for windows, version 17.0(SPSS Inc., Chicago, III.USA”). Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (binary logistic regression) were used to find the association of the utilization of family planning methods with selected demographic variables. All the variables with P-value <0.1 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. A P-value of <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance at a level of significance of 5%. results: This study showed that the mean age and standard deviation of the respondents were 26±7.03, and 91.5 % of respondent’s age at marriage was less than 20 years. Likewise, 67.5% of respondents use any methods of family planning, and 55.2% of respondents use family planning services from the government health facility. Furthermore, education (AOR 1.579, CI 1.013-2.462)., husband’s occupation (AOR 1.095, CI 0.744-1.610)., type of family (AOR 2.741, CI 1.210-6.210)., and no of living son (AOR 0.259 CI 0.077-0.872)are the factors associated with the utilization of family planning methods. conclusion: This study concludes that two-thirds of reproductive-age women utilize family planning methods. Furthermore, education, the husband’s occupation, the type of family, and no of living sons are the factors associated with the utilization of family planning methods. This reflects that awareness through mass media, including behavioral communication, is needed to increase the utilization of family planning methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20planning%20methods" title="family planning methods">family planning methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilization.%20factors" title=" utilization. factors"> utilization. factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158598/utilization-of-family-planning-methods-and-associated-factors-among-women-of-reproductive-age-group-in-sunsari-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2934</span> Temporal Variation of PM10-Bound Benzo(a)Pyrene Concentration in an Urban and a Rural Site of Northwestern Hungary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zs.%20Csan%C3%A1di">Zs. Csanádi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Szab%C3%B3%20Nagy"> A. Szabó Nagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Szab%C3%B3"> J. Szabó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Erd%C5%91s"> J. Erdős</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study was to assess the annual concentration and seasonal variation of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) associated with PM10 in an urban site of Győr and in a rural site of Sarród in the sampling period of 2008–2012. A total of 280 PM10 aerosol samples were collected in each sampling site and analyzed for BaP by gas chromatography method. The BaP concentrations ranged from undetected to 8 ng/m3 with the mean value of 1.01 ng/m3 in the sampling site of Győr, and from undetected to 4.07 ng/m3 with the mean value of 0.52 ng/m3 in the sampling site of Sarród, respectively. Relatively higher concentrations of BaP were detected in samples collected in both sampling sites in the heating seasons compared with non-heating periods. The annual mean BaP concentrations were comparable with the published data of different other Hungarian sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality" title="air quality">air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzo%28a%29pyrene" title=" benzo(a)pyrene"> benzo(a)pyrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAHs" title=" PAHs"> PAHs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycyclic%20aromatic%20hydrocarbons" title=" polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons"> polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26867/temporal-variation-of-pm10-bound-benzoapyrene-concentration-in-an-urban-and-a-rural-site-of-northwestern-hungary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2933</span> A Double Acceptance Sampling Plan for Truncated Life Test Having Exponentiated Transmuted Weibull Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Abdellatif">A. D. Abdellatif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Ahmed"> A. N. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Abdelaziz"> M. E. Abdelaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this paper is to design a double acceptance sampling plan under the time truncated life test when the product lifetime follows an exponentiated transmuted Weibull distribution. Here, the motive is to meet both the consumer’s risk and producer’s risk simultaneously at the specified quality levels, while the termination time is specified. A comparison between the results of the double and single acceptance sampling plans is conducted. We demonstrate the applicability of our results to real data sets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20sampling%20plan" title="double sampling plan">double sampling plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20sampling%20plan" title=" single sampling plan"> single sampling plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=producer%E2%80%99s%20risk" title=" producer’s risk"> producer’s risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%E2%80%99s%20risk" title=" consumer’s risk"> consumer’s risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponentiated%20transmuted%20weibull%20distribution" title=" exponentiated transmuted weibull distribution"> exponentiated transmuted weibull distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20truncated%20experiment" title=" time truncated experiment"> time truncated experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single" title=" single"> single</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double" title=" double"> double</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marshal-Olkin" title=" Marshal-Olkin"> Marshal-Olkin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31946/a-double-acceptance-sampling-plan-for-truncated-life-test-having-exponentiated-transmuted-weibull-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2932</span> A Comparative Study on Sampling Techniques of Polynomial Regression Model Based Stochastic Free Vibration of Composite Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dey">S. Dey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Mukhopadhyay"> T. Mukhopadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Adhikari"> S. Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an exhaustive comparative investigation on sampling techniques of polynomial regression model based stochastic natural frequency of composite plates. Both individual and combined variations of input parameters are considered to map the computational time and accuracy of each modelling techniques. The finite element formulation of composites is capable to deal with both correlated and uncorrelated random input variables such as fibre parameters and material properties. The results obtained by Polynomial regression (PR) using different sampling techniques are compared. Depending on the suitability of sampling techniques such as 2k Factorial designs, Central composite design, A-Optimal design, I-Optimal, D-Optimal, Taguchi’s orthogonal array design, Box-Behnken design, Latin hypercube sampling, sobol sequence are illustrated. Statistical analysis of the first three natural frequencies is presented to compare the results and its performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20plate" title="composite plate">composite plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynomial%20regression%20model" title=" polynomial regression model"> polynomial regression model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling%20technique" title=" sampling technique"> sampling technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty%20quantification" title=" uncertainty quantification"> uncertainty quantification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24714/a-comparative-study-on-sampling-techniques-of-polynomial-regression-model-based-stochastic-free-vibration-of-composite-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2931</span> Efficient High Fidelity Signal Reconstruction Based on Level Crossing Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negar%20Riazifar">Negar Riazifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigel%20G.%20Stocks"> Nigel G. Stocks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes strategies in level crossing (LC) sampling and reconstruction that provide high fidelity signal reconstruction for speech signals; these strategies circumvent the problem of exponentially increasing number of samples as the bit-depth is increased and hence are highly efficient. Specifically, the results indicate that the distribution of the intervals between samples is one of the key factors in the quality of signal reconstruction; including samples with short intervals do not improve the accuracy of the signal reconstruction, whilst samples with large intervals lead to numerical instability. The proposed sampling method, termed reduced conventional level crossing (RCLC) sampling, exploits redundancy between samples to improve the efficiency of the sampling without compromising performance. A reconstruction technique is also proposed that enhances the numerical stability through linear interpolation of samples separated by large intervals. Interpolation is demonstrated to improve the accuracy of the signal reconstruction in addition to the numerical stability. We further demonstrate that the RCLC and interpolation methods can give useful levels of signal recovery even if the average sampling rate is less than the Nyquist rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20crossing%20sampling" title="level crossing sampling">level crossing sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20stability" title=" numerical stability"> numerical stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20processing" title=" speech processing"> speech processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigonometric%20polynomial" title=" trigonometric polynomial"> trigonometric polynomial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134973/efficient-high-fidelity-signal-reconstruction-based-on-level-crossing-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2930</span> Comparative Study of Estimators of Population Means in Two Phase Sampling in the Presence of Non-Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Ali%20Taqi">Syed Ali Taqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ismail"> Muhammad Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A comparative study of estimators of population means in two phase sampling in the presence of non-response when Unknown population means of the auxiliary variable(s) and incomplete information of study variable y as well as of auxiliary variable(s) is made. Three real data sets of University students, hospital and unemployment are used for comparison of all the available techniques in two phase sampling in the presence of non-response with the newly generalized ratio estimators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20sampling" title="two-phase sampling">two-phase sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratio%20estimator" title=" ratio estimator"> ratio estimator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20estimator" title=" product estimator"> product estimator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20estimators" title=" generalized estimators"> generalized estimators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79636/comparative-study-of-estimators-of-population-means-in-two-phase-sampling-in-the-presence-of-non-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2929</span> Estimation of Population Mean under Random Non-Response in Two-Phase Successive Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khalid">M. Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Singh"> G. N. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have considered the problem of estimation for population mean, on current (second) occasion in the presence of random non response in two-occasion successive sampling under two phase set-up. Modified exponential type estimators have been proposed, and their properties are studied under the assumptions that numbers of sampling units follow a distribution due to random non response situations. The performances of the proposed estimators are compared with linear combinations of two estimators, (a) sample mean estimator for fresh sample and (b) ratio estimator for matched sample under the complete response situations. Results are demonstrated through empirical studies which present the effectiveness of the proposed estimators. Suitable recommendations have been made to the survey practitioners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successive%20sampling" title="successive sampling">successive sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20non-response" title=" random non-response"> random non-response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxiliary%20variable" title=" auxiliary variable"> auxiliary variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20square%20error" title=" mean square error"> mean square error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78773/estimation-of-population-mean-under-random-non-response-in-two-phase-successive-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2928</span> Challenges of Skill Training among Women with Intellectual Disability: Stakeholders' Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayanti%20Pujari">Jayanti Pujari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study attempts to find out the barriers faced by adult women with an Intellectual disability during their training at vocational training centres offered by rehabilitation institutes. As economic independence is the ultimate aim of rehabilitation, this study tries to focus on the barriers which restrict the adult women with intellectual disability in equipping themselves in required skill which can really empower them and help them in independent living. The objectives of the study are (1) To find out the barriers perceived by job coaches during training given to women with intellectual disability (2) To find out the barriers perceived by the parents of women with intellectual disability who are undergoing vocational training and (3) To find out the barriers perceived by the women with intellectual disabilities during the vocational training. The barriers have been operationalised in the present study from three perspectives such as behavioural barriers, competency related barriers and accessibility barriers. For the present study three groups of participants(N=60) have been selected through purposive nonprobability sampling procedure to generate the data. They are( 20) job coaches who are working at vocational centres, (20) parents of women with intellectual disabilities, (20) adult women with intellectual disabilities. The study followed a descriptive research design and data are generated through self developed questionnaire. Three sets of self-developed and face validated questionnaires were used as the tool to gather the data from the three categories of sample. The questionnaire has 30 close ended questions and the respondents have to answer on a three point scale (yes, no, need help). Both qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis. The major findings of the study depict that the 87% of the women with intellectual disability perceived highest barriers related to competency whereas barriers related to behaviour and accessibility are perceived lowest. 92% of job coaches perceived barriers related to competencies and accessibility are highest which hinder the effectiveness of skill development of women with intellectual disability and 74% of the parents of adult women with intellectual disability also opines that the barriers related to competencies and accessibility are highest. In conclusion, it is stressed that there is need to create awareness among the stakeholders about the training and management strategies of skill training and positive behaviour support which will surely enable the adult women with intellectual disability to utilise their residual skill and acquire training to become economically independent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20independence" title="economic independence">economic independence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disability" title=" intellectual disability"> intellectual disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skill%20development" title=" skill development"> skill development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training%20barrier" title=" training barrier"> training barrier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91942/challenges-of-skill-training-among-women-with-intellectual-disability-stakeholders-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2927</span> Spatially Random Sampling for Retail Food Risk Factors Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guilan%20Huang">Guilan Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2013 and 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) collected data from selected fast food restaurants and full service restaurants for tracking changes in the occurrence of foodborne illness risk factors. This paper discussed how we customized spatial random sampling method by considering financial position and availability of FDA resources, and how we enriched restaurants data with location. Location information of restaurants provides opportunity for quantitatively determining random sampling within non-government units (e.g.: 240 kilometers around each data-collector). Spatial analysis also could optimize data-collectors’ work plans and resource allocation. Spatial analytic and processing platform helped us handling the spatial random sampling challenges. Our method fits in FDA’s ability to pinpoint features of foodservice establishments, and reduced both time and expense on data collection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20technology" title="geospatial technology">geospatial technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restaurant" title=" restaurant"> restaurant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retail%20food%20risk%20factor%20study" title=" retail food risk factor study"> retail food risk factor study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatially%20random%20sampling" title=" spatially random sampling"> spatially random sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48950/spatially-random-sampling-for-retail-food-risk-factors-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2926</span> Sampling and Characterization of Fines Created during the Shredding of Non Hazardous Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soukaina%20Oujana">Soukaina Oujana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peggy%20Zwolinski"> Peggy Zwolinski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fines are heterogeneous residues created during the shredding of non-hazardous waste. They are one of the most challenging issues faced by recyclers, because they are at the present time considered as non-sortable and non-reusable mixtures destined to landfill. However, fines contain a large amount of recoverable materials that could be recycled or reused for the production of solid recovered fuel. This research is conducted in relation to a project named ValoRABES. The aim is to characterize fines and establish a suitable sorting process in order to extract the materials contained in the mixture and define their suitable recovery paths. This paper will highlight the importance of a good sampling and will propose a sampling methodology for fines characterization. First results about the characterization will be also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fines" title="fines">fines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-hazardous%20waste" title=" non-hazardous waste"> non-hazardous waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery" title=" recovery"> recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shredding%20residues" title=" shredding residues"> shredding residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20characterization" title=" waste characterization"> waste characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20sampling" title=" waste sampling"> waste sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77680/sampling-and-characterization-of-fines-created-during-the-shredding-of-non-hazardous-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2925</span> Estimation of Population Mean under Random Non-Response in Two-Occasion Successive Sampling </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khalid">M. Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Singh"> G. N. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have considered the problems of estimation for the population mean on current (second) occasion in two-occasion successive sampling under random non-response situations. Some modified exponential type estimators have been proposed and their properties are studied under the assumptions that the number of sampling unit follows a discrete distribution due to random non-response situations. The performances of the proposed estimators are compared with linear combinations of two estimators, (a) sample mean estimator for fresh sample and (b) ratio estimator for matched sample under the complete response situations. Results are demonstrated through empirical studies which present the effectiveness of the proposed estimators. Suitable recommendations have been made to the survey practitioners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20exponential%20estimator" title="modified exponential estimator">modified exponential estimator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successive%20sampling" title=" successive sampling"> successive sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20non-response" title=" random non-response"> random non-response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxiliary%20variable" title=" auxiliary variable"> auxiliary variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20square%20error" title=" mean square error"> mean square error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85408/estimation-of-population-mean-under-random-non-response-in-two-occasion-successive-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2924</span> Probability Sampling in Matched Case-Control Study in Drug Abuse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surya%20R.%20Niraula">Surya R. Niraula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20B%20Chhetry"> Devendra B Chhetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girish%20K.%20Singh"> Girish K. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nagesh"> S. Nagesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederick%20A.%20Connell"> Frederick A. Connell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Although random sampling is generally considered to be the gold standard for population-based research, the majority of drug abuse research is based on non-random sampling despite the well-known limitations of this kind of sampling. Method: We compared the statistical properties of two surveys of drug abuse in the same community: one using snowball sampling of drug users who then identified “friend controls” and the other using a random sample of non-drug users (controls) who then identified “friend cases.” Models to predict drug abuse based on risk factors were developed for each data set using conditional logistic regression. We compared the precision of each model using bootstrapping method and the predictive properties of each model using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Results: Analysis of 100 random bootstrap samples drawn from the snowball-sample data set showed a wide variation in the standard errors of the beta coefficients of the predictive model, none of which achieved statistical significance. One the other hand, bootstrap analysis of the random-sample data set showed less variation, and did not change the significance of the predictors at the 5% level when compared to the non-bootstrap analysis. Comparison of the area under the ROC curves using the model derived from the random-sample data set was similar when fitted to either data set (0.93, for random-sample data vs. 0.91 for snowball-sample data, p=0.35); however, when the model derived from the snowball-sample data set was fitted to each of the data sets, the areas under the curve were significantly different (0.98 vs. 0.83, p < .001). Conclusion: The proposed method of random sampling of controls appears to be superior from a statistical perspective to snowball sampling and may represent a viable alternative to snowball sampling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20abuse" title="drug abuse">drug abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matched%20case-control%20study" title=" matched case-control study"> matched case-control study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling" title=" non-probability sampling"> non-probability sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20sampling" title=" probability sampling"> probability sampling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24612/probability-sampling-in-matched-case-control-study-in-drug-abuse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2923</span> Democratic Political Socialization of the 5th and 6th Graders under the Authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathinee%20Khongsatid">Mathinee Khongsatid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phusit%20Phukamchanoad"> Phusit Phukamchanoad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakapas%20Saengchai"> Sakapas Saengchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study the democratic political socialization of the 5th and 6th Graders under the Authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok by using stratified sampling for probability sampling and using purposive sampling for non-probability sampling to collect data toward the distribution of questionnaires to 300 respondents. This covers all of the schools under the authority of Dusit District Office. The researcher analyzed the data by using descriptive statistics which include arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The result shows that 5th and 6th graders under the authority of Dusit District Office, Bangkok, have displayed some characteristics following democratic political socialization both inside and outside classroom as well as outside school. However, the democratic political socialization in classroom through grouping and class participation is much more emphasized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic" title="democratic">democratic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20socialization" title=" political socialization"> political socialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%20grades%205-6" title=" students grades 5-6"> students grades 5-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive%20statistics" title=" descriptive statistics"> descriptive statistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12268/democratic-political-socialization-of-the-5th-and-6th-graders-under-the-authority-of-dusit-district-office-bangkok" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2922</span> Assessment and Control for Oil Aerosol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chane-Yu%20Lai">Chane-Yu Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang-Yu%20Huang"> Xiang-Yu Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study conducted an assessment of sampling result by using the new development rotation filtration device (RFD) filled with porous media filters integrating the method of cyclone centrifugal spins. The testing system established for the experiment used corn oil and potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate (PST) as challenge aerosols and were produced by using an Ultrasonic Atomizing Nozzle, a Syringe Pump, and a Collison nebulizer. The collection efficiency of RFD for oil aerosol was assessed by using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) and a Fidas® Frog. The results of RFD for the liquid particles condition indicated the cutoff size was 1.65 µm and 1.02 µm for rotation of 0 rpm and 9000 rpm, respectively, under an 80 PPI (pores per inch）foam with a thickness of 80 mm, and sampling velocity of 13.5 cm/s. As the experiment increased the foam thickness of RFD, the cutoff size reduced from 1.62 µm to 1.02 µm. However, when increased the foam porosity of RFD, the cutoff size reduced from 1.26 µm to 0.96 µm. Moreover, as increased the sampling velocity of RFD, the cutoff size reduced from 1.02 µm to 0.76 µm. These discrepancies of above cutoff sizes of RFD all had statistical significance (P < 0.05). The cutoff size of RFD for three experimental conditions of generated liquid oil particles, solid PST particles or both liquid oil and solid PST particles was 1.03 µm, 1.02 µm, or 0.99 µm, respectively, under a 80 PPI foam with thickness of 80 mm, rotation of 9000 rpm, and sampling velocity of 13.5 cm/s. In addition, under the best condition of the experiment, two hours of sampling loading, the RFD had better collection efficiency for particle diameter greater than 0.45 µm, under a 94 PPI nickel mesh with a thickness of 68 mm, rotation of 9000 rpm, and sampling velocity of 108.3 cm/s. The experiment concluded that increased the thickness of porous media, face velocity, and porosity of porous media of RFD could increase the collection efficiency of porous media for sampling oil particles. Moreover, increased the rotation speed of RFD also increased the collection efficiency for sampling oil particles. Further investigation is required for those above operation parameters for RFD in this study in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20aerosol" title="oil aerosol">oil aerosol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media%20filter" title=" porous media filter"> porous media filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotation" title=" rotation"> rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtration" title=" filtration"> filtration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83476/assessment-and-control-for-oil-aerosol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2921</span> Temporal Effects on Chemical Composition of Treated Wastewater and Borehole Water Used for Irrigation in Limpopo Province, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pholosho%20M.%20Kgopa">Pholosho M. Kgopa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatu%20W.%20Mashela"> Phatu W. Mashela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alen%20Manyevere"> Alen Manyevere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing incidents of drought spells in most Sub-Saharan Africa call for using alternative sources of water for irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. A study was conducted to investigate chemical composition of borehole and treated wastewater from different sampling disposal sites at University of Limpopo Experimental Farm (ULEF). A 4 × 5 factorial experiment, with the borehole as a reference sampling site and three other sampling sites along the wastewater disposal system was conducted over five months. Water samples were collected at four sites namely, (a) exit from Pond 16 into the furrow, (b) entry into night-dam, (c) exit from night dam to irrigated fields and (d) exit from borehole to irrigated fields. Water samples were collected in the middle of each month, starting from July to November 2016. Samples were analysed for pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, B, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and As. The site × time interactions were highly significant for Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As variables, but not for Na and K. Sampling site was highly significant on all variables, with sampling period not significant for K and Na. Relative to water from the borehole, Na concentration in wastewater samples from the night-dam exit, night-dam entry and Pond16 exit were lower by 69, 34 and 55%, respectively. Relative to borehole water, Al was higher in wastewater sampling sites. In conclusion, both sampling site and period affected the chemical composition of treated wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20water%20quality" title="irrigation water quality">irrigation water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20effects" title=" spatial effects"> spatial effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20effects" title=" temporal effects"> temporal effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20reuse" title=" water reuse"> water reuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20scarcity" title=" water scarcity"> water scarcity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72569/temporal-effects-on-chemical-composition-of-treated-wastewater-and-borehole-water-used-for-irrigation-in-limpopo-province-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2920</span> Ratio Type Estimators for the Estimation of Population Coefficient of Variation under Two-Stage Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jabbar">Muhammad Jabbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we propose two ratio and ratio type exponential estimator for the estimation of population coefficient of variation using the auxiliary information under two-stage sampling. The properties of these estimators are derived up to first order of approximation. The efficiency conditions under which suggested estimator are more efficient, are obtained. Numerical and simulated studies are conducted to support the superiority of the estimators. Theoretically and numerically, we have found that our proposed estimator is always more efficient as compared to its competitor estimator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stage%20sampling" title="two-stage sampling">two-stage sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20variation" title=" coefficient of variation"> coefficient of variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ratio%20type%20exponential%20estimator" title=" ratio type exponential estimator"> ratio type exponential estimator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21936/ratio-type-estimators-for-the-estimation-of-population-coefficient-of-variation-under-two-stage-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2919</span> Metropolis-Hastings Sampling Approach for High Dimensional Testing Methods of Autonomous Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacer%20Eddine%20Chelbi">Nacer Eddine Chelbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayet%20Bagane"> Ayet Bagane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annie%20Saleh"> Annie Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claude%20Sauvageau"> Claude Sauvageau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Gingras"> Denis Gingras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As recently stated by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), to demonstrate the expected performance of a highly automated vehicles system, test approaches should include a combination of simulation, test track, and on-road testing. In this paper, we propose a new validation method for autonomous vehicles involving on-road tests (Field Operational Tests), test track (Test Matrix) and simulation (Worst Case Scenarios). We concentrate our discussion on the simulation aspects, in particular, we extend recent work based on Importance Sampling by using a Metropolis-Hasting algorithm (MHS) to sample collected data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) in lane-change scenarios. Our proposed MH sampling method will be compared to the Importance Sampling method, which does not perform well in high-dimensional problems. The importance of this study is to obtain a sampler that could be applied to high dimensional simulation problems in order to reduce and optimize the number of test scenarios that are necessary for validation and certification of autonomous vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20driving" title="automated driving">automated driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20emergency%20braking%20%28AEB%29" title=" autonomous emergency braking (AEB)"> autonomous emergency braking (AEB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20vehicles" title=" autonomous vehicles"> autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title=" certification"> certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=importance%20sampling" title=" importance sampling"> importance sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolis-hastings%20sampling" title=" metropolis-hastings sampling"> metropolis-hastings sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tests" title=" tests"> tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60389/metropolis-hastings-sampling-approach-for-high-dimensional-testing-methods-of-autonomous-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=98">98</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=99">99</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-probability%20sampling&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>