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id="search"><form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/"> <div><input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s"/> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> <hr/> <div id="content" class="span-13 append-1"> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-13058"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/18/iraq-new-push-for-water-deals-with-turkey-syria/#respond" title="Comment on IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 18th, 2011 by Maryam</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/18/iraq-new-push-for-water-deals-with-turkey-syria/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria">IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/early-warning/" title="View all posts in Early Warning" rel="category tag">Early Warning</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agricultural-land/" rel="tag">agricultural land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/average-rainfall/" rel="tag">average rainfall</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/construction-of-dams/" rel="tag">construction of dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irin/" rel="tag">IRIN</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/river-euphrates/" rel="tag">river euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote><p>BAGHDAD, 18 April 2011 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=92504" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN</a>) – Iraq is renewing efforts to reach deals with Syria and Turkey to increase water levels on the River Euphrates which flows from these two countries into Iraq, and on which Iraq is heavily dependent for agriculture and electricity generation. </p> <p>Turkey has tentatively agreed to increase water levels on the river to allow Iraq to reactivate the 400-megawatt Haditha hydroelectric power station, officials say. </p> <p>The deal – set to be concluded in two months’ time – could be part of a wider agreement with Turkey to import 200 megawatts of electricity, said a spokesman of the Iraqi Electricity Ministry, Musaab Al-Mudaris. </p> <p>An Iraqi delegation is heading to Syria later this week to try to strike a similar deal. In recent years water levels have steadily fallen on the Euphrates due to below-average rainfall and the construction of dams in Turkey and Syria. </p> <p>Iraq produces about 7,500 megawatts a day – less than half of current demand – and low water levels on the Euphrates (and the Tigris) have forced some hydroelectricity plants to reduce output or close. </p> <p>For many years Iraqi officials have been pressing Syria and Turkey to sign agreements specifying a fixed share of the water from these two rivers for Iraq, but no deal has been reached. </p> <p>“Iraq could experience more (water-related) problems, complexities and challenges unless it gets its fair share of water… Iraq faces great challenges in maintaining its wetlands and agricultural land,” said Ali Al-Alak, the Cabinet general secretary.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=92504" class="external" target="_blank">IRIN Middle East | IRAQ: New push for water deals with Turkey, Syria | Iraq | Economy | Environment | Urban Risk | Water & Sanitation</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12081"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/03/sumerian-era-site-discovered-in-nassiriya/#respond" title="Comment on Sumerian Era Site discovered in Nassiriya">No Comments</a></span> Posted on January 3rd, 2011 by Khaled</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/01/03/sumerian-era-site-discovered-in-nassiriya/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Sumerian Era Site discovered in Nassiriya">Sumerian Era Site discovered in Nassiriya</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/acadian/" rel="tag">acadian</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ancient-iraq/" rel="tag">ancient iraq</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/archaelogy/" rel="tag">Archaelogy</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/archaeological-sites/" rel="tag">archaeological sites</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/aswat-al-iraq/" rel="tag">Aswat Al Iraq</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/babylon/" rel="tag">Babylon</a>, <a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ziggurats/" rel="tag">Ziggurats</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>BAGHDAD / <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://en.aswataliraq.info/?p=140259" class="external" target="_blank"><strong>Aswat al-Iraq</strong></a>: An ancient archaeological site, dating back to Ancient Iraq’s Sumerian Era, was discovered in southern Iraq’s Nassiriya city, the center of Thi-Qar Province, the Director General of the High Commission for Archaeology &Heritage, Qais Rashid Hussein said on Sunday.</p> <p>“Our excavation teams have discovered an important site in a Sumerian position, dating back to the Dawn of the Ancient Strains – Third Century BC, south of Nassiriya city,” Hussein told Aswat al-Iraq news agency, adding that “the site, carrying the name ‘Umm al-Aqarib (Mother of Scorpions) consists of a worshipping position, housing units and about 600 archaeological antiques, that were handed over to the Iraqi Museum.”</p> <p>The archaeological sites in Thi-Qar Province, comprising amazing ancient archaeological sites, date back to the ancient historic eras of Misopotamia (Ancient Iraq), some of them dating back to the Somerian era and others to the Acadian, Babylonian, Firthian, Akhmenian, Sasanian or Islamic eras, whilst it comprises the world’s most ancient archaeological hill, called “Al-Obali Hill”, dating back to 6,000 BC.</p> <p>Among the most ancient positions in Thi-Qar Province is the ancient city of Ur, the birthplace of Prophet Ibraim al-Khalil (Prophet Abraham), the site of the 1st Flood, as well as its King Ornmo, who laid the first law in the world, preceding King Hamouraby’s law, and its ancient Ziggorat, its Royal Semetery, that comprised the world’s largest trearsure, dating back to the Sumerian Kingdom, with its Queen Shaabad, where the world’s most ancient worshipping place, known to have the first relationship of human beings with Heavens exists.</p> <p>Thi-Qar also comprises the Kingdom of Lagash, where the first expressions in the world history were laid down by the Revolutionary Leader, Uro Kajina, who cancelled taxes and demanded equality among the people’s classes, and where the first use of the word “Freedom” was used in the history of mankind.</p> <p>Among Thi-Qar’s ancient Kings had been King Antmina, who had been behind the digging the world’s first canal to connect River Tigris with the city of Lagash, considered the world’s most ancient irrigational project.</p> <p>Nassirya, the center of Thi-Qar Province, is 380 kms to the south of the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.</p> <p>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://en.aswataliraq.info/?p=140259" class="external" target="_blank">Archaeological site, dating back to Iraq’s Ancient Sumerian Era, discovered in Nassiriya: : Aswat Al Iraq</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11314"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/07/09/paradise-found-water-and-life-return-to-iraqs-garden-of-eden/#respond" title="Comment on Paradise found: Water and life return to Iraq’s ‘Garden of Eden’">No Comments</a></span> Posted on July 9th, 2010 by Sagib</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/07/09/paradise-found-water-and-life-return-to-iraqs-garden-of-eden/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Paradise found: Water and life return to Iraq’s ‘Garden of Eden’">Paradise found: Water and life return to Iraq’s ‘Garden of Eden’</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/amil/" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/saddam-hussein/" rel="tag">Saddam Hussein</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/teal/" rel="tag">Teal</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/teal-ducks/" rel="tag">teal ducks</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-river/" rel="tag">Tigris River</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-buffalo/" rel="tag">Water Buffalo</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-flow/" rel="tag">water flow</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 42px; float: left; margin: 3px 1px 0px 0px; line-height: 36px; font-style: normal! important">O</span>ne of Saddam Hussein’s greatest acts of ecological destruction – the draining of the Mesopotamian marshes – has been reversed as birds and rivers return to the region</p> <p>Saddam Hussein’s draining of the Mesopotamian marshes of Iraq – recorded as the Garden of Eden in the Bible – was one of the most infamous outrages of his regime, leaving a vast area of once-teeming river delta a dry, salt-encrusted desert, emptied of insects, birds and the people who lived on them.</p> <div class="container"> <div class="shadow"> <div class="frame"> <p><a title="20100708_marshes_guardian_nature_iraq_captioned" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.flickr.com/photos/27086036@N02/4777445917/" class="external" target="_blank"><img alt="20100708_marshes_guardian_nature_iraq_captioned" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749im_/http://static.flickr.com/4074/4777445917_ea65faecc3.jpg" border="0"/></a></p> </p></div> </p></div> </p></div> <p>  <div style="clear: both"> </div> <p>But nearly two decades later the area is buzzing and twittering with life again after local people and a new breed of Iraqi conservationists have restored much of what was once the world’s third largest wetland to some of its former glory.</p> <p>The story of this once almost impossible restoration is told in an exhibition of photographs that has opened in the UK. They show the huge expanses of reeds and open water – now at least half the size of the Florida Everglades – where plants, insects and fish have returned, creating a vast feeding area for migrating and breeding birds, including the majestic Sacred Ibis, the endemic Basrah Reed Warbler and the Iraq Babbler, along with most of the world’s population of Marbled Teal ducks, bee-eaters and many more.</p> <p>"We call them stop-over sites, refuelling sites," said Richard Porter, Middle East advisor for the conservation group Birdlife International, who has helped train biologists and other experts for the local Birdlife partner <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://natureiraq.org/English/" class="external" target="_blank">Nature Iraq</a>. "They are as important as the breeding and over-wintering grounds for species; if you have got to make a journey from central Africa to norther Europe and Asia, and you’ve got nothing to feed on, you’re stuffed."</p> <p>The Mesopotamian marshes originally made up an area more than three times the size of Norfolk, where the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.birdscapesgallery.co.uk/" class="external" target="_blank">exhibition is showing, in Holt</a>. It sprawled across thousands of square kilometres of floodplain where the Euphrates and Tigris rivers divided into a network of tributaries meandering and pulsating south to the Arabian sea. They were home to more than 80 bird species, otters and long-fingered bats, and hundreds of thousands of Marsh Arabs who grew rice and dates, raised water buffalo, fished and built boats and homes from reeds.</p> <p>In the early 1990s, this way of life came to an abrupt end when Hussein ordered the marshes to be drained to punish the local population for an uprising after his failed invasion of Kuwait, a problem exacerbated by the continued construction of dams upstream.</p> <p>He ordered the area to be hemmed in by constructing around 4,000km of earthen walls that towered up to 7m above the unbroken flat landscape. The wetlands retreated to as little as 5-10% of their original size, according to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/1000/1716/meso2.pdf" class="external" target="_blank">a 2001 United Nations Environment Agency report</a>.</p> <p>After Hussein was toppled by American forces in 2003, Azzam Alwash returned from his adopted home in the US to the area, where he had lived for part of his childhood, and learned to hunt ducks with his father while they inspected the irrigation ditches. Alwash found the local people who had stayed had already begun to break up the walls with shovels or earth diggers, and they have continued to do so. They have destroyed up to 98% of the embankments, he told the Guardian, "not because they are tree-huggers or bird-lovers, but because it’s a source of economic income to them, because they can harvest reeds and sell them. They can fish and feed a family or sell them to earn extra income."</p> <p>Alwash, a civil engineer, set up Nature Iraq and has organised training for graduates who help with monitoring work. "We take guards with us with Kalashnikovs, but the most difficult part is the road between [the capital] Baghdad to the marsh," said Alwash. "Once I’m inside the marshes it’s relatively safe."</p> <p>About half the original marshland has been restored – even more had been reinstated, but there was a setback last year because of a drought. Nature Iraq has now drawn up a plan to cope with the diminishing water flows from dams upstream in Turkey by channelling irrigation water back into the rivers and building a barrage to retain meltwater from the mountains and create a "mechanical flood" of water to replicate the important pulses of freshwater that wash through the marshlands every spring.</p> <p>Alwash and his team are also trying to tackle the problem of local poaching, although he has great sympathy with those who have few alternative sources of income, and hopes the opening of a new oil industry will help create jobs.</p> <p>"We have done some work in trying to educate the locals," he added. "We say: ‘Go out and hunt but take less; make $10 today – you don’t have to make $20, and make $10 tomorrow’. We just keep at it. You can’t give up."</p> <p>• The exhibition runs until July 25 at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.birdscapesgallery.co.uk/" class="external" target="_blank">Birdscapes Gallery in Glandford, Norfolk</a></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/09/iraq-marshes-reborn" class="external" target="_blank">Paradise found: Water and life return to Iraq’s ‘Garden of Eden’ | Environment | The Guardian</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11015"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/11/turkey-muddies-the-water/#respond" title="Comment on Turkey muddies the water">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 11th, 2010 by Nur Hussein Ghazali</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/11/turkey-muddies-the-water/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Turkey muddies the water">Turkey muddies the water</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/analysis-briefings-commentary/" title="View all posts in Analysis Briefings Commentary" rel="category tag">Analysis Briefings Commentary</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/al-ahram/" rel="tag">Al-Ahram</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/arab-economic-development/" rel="tag">arab economic development</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ataturk-dam/" rel="tag">Ataturk Dam</a>, <a 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rel="tag">France</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/international-law/" rel="tag">International Law</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iraqi-refugees/" rel="tag">iraqi refugees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/israel/" rel="tag">Israel</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kuwait/" rel="tag">kuwait</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kuwaiti-investment-in-syrian-dams/" rel="tag">Kuwaiti investment in Syrian dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/large-dams/" rel="tag">large dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/neighbouring-states/" rel="tag">neighbouring states</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/northeastern-syria/" rel="tag">northeastern syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rate-of-flow/" rel="tag">rate of flow</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources/" rel="tag">Resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources-ministry/" rel="tag">resources ministry</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/river-water/" rel="tag">river water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-crisis-iraq/" rel="tag">Water Crisis (Iraq)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-flow/" rel="tag">water flow</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-issue/" rel="tag">water issue</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treaty/" rel="tag">Water Treaty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treaty-negotiations/" rel="tag">Water Treaty negotiations</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p> </p> <blockquote><p>Syria’s plan to divert the waters of the Tigris portends a long and bitter quarrel with Iraq, reports <b>Bassel Oudat</b> from Damascus </p> <hr noshade="noshade"/> <p>Last year’s severe drought in northeastern Syria dried up the Khabur River which is the lifeline in that region, causing some 500,000 Syrians to migrate to other areas inside Syria. In response, the government signed a deal with the Kuwaiti Fund for Arab Economic Development to begin a project on the Tigris close to the Syrian-Turkish-Iraqi border, diverting enough water to fertilise 200,000 hectares.</p> <p>Baghdad was infuriated by the project and called Damascus to an "emergency meeting" to clarify the details of the "surprise plan" which would divert river water over long distances inside Syrian territories. Iraq’s Water Resources Ministry stated that any diverted water will affect Iraq’s already meagre water quota, which would negatively influence local agriculture and the economy. Iraqi officials also predicted that the plan will jeopardise already worsening relations between the two neighbouring states.</p> <p>Syria has not responded to Iraq’s invitation. Informed Syrian sources asserted that the project was conceived decades ago, and not a new concept at all, as the Iraqis are claiming. In fact, it is an indicator of warming relations between Syria and Turkey, because Ankara gave Damascus the green light to go ahead and begin the project.</p> <p>The plan is indeed old, but was delayed because previous governments in Turkey refused to sign any agreement to share water with Syria and Iraq. With encouragement from abroad, Ankara was fooled into believing that it would be stronger and have more leverage by controlling the water flow.</p> <p>Syria and Iraq have fought over water resources in the past. In the 1980s, it threatened to ignite a war. Eventually the quarrel came to include Turkey, especially after Ankara began building large dams on the Euphrates and Tigris. So far, no three-way agreement has been reached because Turkey refuses to share the water with Syria and Iraq.</p> <p>The heart of the problem lies in differences of interpretation of Syria and Iraq on the one hand, and Turkey on the other. Turkey believes the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which originate in the Taurus Mountains in Turkey and pass through Syria and Iraq, to be "marginally cross-border rivers" because they barely pass inside the borders of Syria and Iraq. But Syria and Iraq consider them major international water bodies which should be evenly divided among everyone.</p> <p>When the regimes in Damascus and Baghdad fell out in the 1970-80s, this negatively affected their rights to the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris and a number of smaller rivers, because they refused to sit together or with the Turkish side. Ankara used Syrian- Iraqi tensions to exercise control over the waters of the rivers and keep a much larger share than stipulated in international water agreements for itself. It constructed massive dams on the rivers, using their waters in agricultural and industrial projects along their banks. It cut down the amount of water going to each country, and refused to recognise that the two rivers were international waterways but rather local Turkish rivers which happen to pass through Syria and Iraq on their way to the Arab shore, south of Basra in Iraq.</p> <p>In 1974, Turkey began the Southeastern Anatolian (GAP) project which consists of 21 dams, 17 of which on the Euphrates including Ataturk Dam and four others on the River Tigris. It also included 19 power stations and 47 water reservoirs, and a variety of other projects in the fields of agriculture, industry, transportation, irrigation and communication. Ankara earmarked $32 billion for the project and received a large part of the budget from international funding in the form of loans and grants, especially from the US, Canada, Israel and France.</p> <p>In 1987, Syria and Iraq tried to gain some recognition over the waters of the two rivers, but it was too late. Turkey refused to negotiate with them as one party and dealt with each side separately, taking a disproportionate amount for itself. Damascus and Baghdad could do nothing, especially in light of the fact that Ankara continued its plans to construct dams and was able to cut off the flow of the river altogether to both neighbours.</p> <p>In 1989, Syria and Iraq agreed to divide the quota of the Euphrates River given to them, whereby Syria’s share amounted to 42 per cent and 52 per cent went to Iraq. Later, in 2000, the two sides agreed that Syria should receive a share of the Tigris water (which flows 50km inside its border), enough to irrigate almost 200,000 hectares of land.</p> <p>In the end, sharing the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris became a capricious matter, not relying on clear and precise agreements based on international law. Turkey’s whims dictate quotas with no base in international law. In 2007, a three-way meeting failed to result in a comprehensive agreement on the issue because Turkey refused to change the status quo and wanted to make it a de facto arrangement.</p> <p>Syria’s project to divert Tigris water, which it started publicly planning at the beginning of this year, has antagonised the Iraqis to an unexpected degree, and Baghdad’s reaction came as a surprise to Damascus. This is especially true since there is a preliminary agreement regarding this issue with the previous regime in Iraq, which Iraqis today consider invalid. The Syrians counter that the agreement was concluded with a legitimate Iraqi government and not one person per se, and it is illogical to annul agreements between countries every time the regime changes.</p> <p>Syrian political circles feel that Iraq’s reasoning is another attempt by Iraq’s government to raise tensions between the two countries, and manipulate this domestically now that Iraq is about to form a new government.</p> <p>Relations between the two neighbours have not been at their best for almost one year, after Iraq’s Prime Minister Nuri Al-Maliki accused Syria of hosting and assisting Al-Baath Party elements who support the ousted regime in Baghdad. Iraq claims these elements are behind a number of attacks in Baghdad which have killed hundreds of Iraqis. These accusations also came as a surprise for the Syrians who said they have tried their utmost in the past few years to prevent fighters from going into Iraq by more vigilant control of the border. At the same time, Syria is home to 1.5 million Iraqi refugees and says it has cooperated with Iraqi authorities.</p> <p>Syrian officials believe that Iraq’s objections to the Tigris project are not a result of Iraqi concerns over water but have other political goals to do with domestic Iraqi politics, power struggles among Iraqi factions, and complications in forming Iraq’s new cabinet.</p> <p>No doubt, the quarrel between Syria and Iraq over the past decades has allowed Turkey to do as it pleases with the waters of the Euphrates and Tigris. Today, closer ties between Damascus and Ankara — which could almost be described as a strategic alliance — are still not enough to convince Turkey to admit that these are international rivers, and it continues to control them unilaterally.</p> <p>Observers believe that rising political friction between Syria and Iraq, their distraction with secondary issues over more important ones, and their lax positions towards Turkey on the water issue and other matters have not only caused tension, but resulted in immense strategic losses for both parties. </p> <p>They will have to look beyond this current spat and focus on the real problem — resolving the quota issue with Turkey.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2010/1002/re85.htm" class="external" target="_blank">Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | Turkey muddies the water</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-11008"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/10/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%ad-%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84/#respond" title="Comment on العراق سيطرح مشكلة المياه على طاولة المنتدى العربي ـ التركي">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 10th, 2010 by Fatima Jameel</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/10/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%ad-%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to العراق سيطرح مشكلة المياه على طاولة المنتدى العربي ـ التركي">العراق سيطرح مشكلة المياه على طاولة المنتدى العربي ـ التركي</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/amr-moussa/" rel="tag">Amr Moussa</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/arab-league/" rel="tag">Arab League</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/azzawi/" rel="tag">Azzawi</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/erdogan/" rel="tag">Erdogan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/istanbul/" rel="tag">Istanbul</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/lebanon/" rel="tag">Lebanon</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/national-reconciliation/" rel="tag">national reconciliation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/recep-tayyip-erdogan/" rel="tag">Recep Tayyip Erdogan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/saad-hariri/" rel="tag">Saad Hariri</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-issue/" rel="tag">water issue</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treaty/" rel="tag">Water Treaty</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p dir="rtl" align="right">اعرب وفد العراق المشارك في أعمال المنتدى العربي – التركي المقرر افتتاحه يوم غد الخميس في مدينة اسطنبول عن عزمه طرح مشكلة مياه نهري دجلة والفرات وتقاسمها مع كل من تركيا وسوريا خلال اجتماعات المنتدى. <br/>وقال ممثل العراق في جامعة الدول العربية قيس العزاوي في تصريح له انه ستتم خلال المنتدى مناقشة التزامات الدول المشاركة بالتوصيات التي خرجت بها المؤتمرات الوزارية لدول الجوار العراقي سابقا، والتي تدور حول دعم جهود الحكومة في تحقيق الامن والاستقرار ودعم وحدة العراق واستقلاله ، فضلا عن دعم جهود المصالحة الوطنية وادانة جميع الاعمال الارهابية التي تستهدف الشعب العراقي. <br/>هذا واوضح العزاوي انه تم أدراج موضوع المياه ايضا على جدول أعمال المنتدى نظرا لأهميته في حياة البلد، لاسيما ان نهري دجلة والفرات ينبعان من تركيا لذلك فمن المهم مناقشة هذا الامر على مستوى جامعة الدول العربية، موضحا ان العراق اعترض على ان يكون موضوع المياه من الموضوعات الاقتصادية وانما هو موضوع سياسي مهم والان نحن في ازمة مياه. <br/>وأضاف ممثل العراق ان المنتدى المقرر عقده في مدينة اسطنبول التركية، سيكون على المستوى الوزاري وبحضور الامين العام لجامعة الدول العربية عمرو موسى ورئيس الوزراء التركي رجب طيب اردوغان ورئيس وزراء لبنان سعد الحريري.</p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-10972"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/08/lack-of-water-likely-to-force-iraq-to-shut-down-thermall-and-hydro-power-plants/#respond" title="Comment on Lack of water likely to force Iraq to shut down thermall and hydro power plants">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 8th, 2010 by Mohammed Ibn Laith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/08/lack-of-water-likely-to-force-iraq-to-shut-down-thermall-and-hydro-power-plants/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Lack of water likely to force Iraq to shut down thermall and hydro power plants">Lack of water likely to force Iraq to shut down thermall and hydro power plants</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/azzaman/" rel="tag">azzaman</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/electricity-generation/" rel="tag">electricity generation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/electricity-reduced-production-due-to-drought/" rel="tag">Electricity - reduced production due to drought</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/electricity-crisis-irak/" rel="tag">Electricity Crisis (Irak)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/hydro-electric-generation/" rel="tag">Hydro-electric generation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/hydroelectric-dams/" rel="tag">hydroelectric dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/hydropower/" rel="tag">hydropower</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/nasiriya/" rel="tag">Nasiriya</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/power-grid/" rel="tag">power grid</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rate-of-flow/" rel="tag">rate of flow</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/thermal-plants/" rel="tag">thermal plants</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-and-euphrates-rivers/" rel="tag">tigris and euphrates rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/two-rivers/" rel="tag">two rivers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-level/" rel="tag">water level</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote><p>Low water levels from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers may force Iraq to shut down its thermal and hydro power plants, a government spokesman said.</p> <p>The spokesman, refusing to be named, said volume of waters reaching Iraq from the two rivers, which originate in Turkey, had fallen to unprecedented levels and may eventually not be enough to run such plants.</p> <p>He said the Ministry of Planning was seriously considering the situation which will eventually lead to the elimination of thousands of megawatts which these power stations produce.</p> <p>Iraq still relies heavily on its thermal and hydro electrical plants which currently produce most of its output.</p> <p>The spokesman said the ministry of planning has decided not to built any such plants in Iraq in the future.</p> <p>“We shall solely rely on gas-turbines which use much less amount of water,” the spokesman said.</p> <p>Iraq currently produces up to 1,600 megawatts from its thermal plants such as Musayyab, Nasiriya and Tajji.</p> <p>Hydro plants built on dams regulating the flow of the Euphrates and Tigris have a capacity of up to 700 megawatts.</p> <p>The exclusion of 2,300 megawatts will be yet another blow to the country’s rickety power grid.</p> <p>Iraq still suffers from outages that may continue up to 20 hours in major cities.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.azzaman.com/english/index.asp?fname=news/2010-06-07/kurd.htm" class="external" target="_blank">Lack of water likely to force Iraq to shut down thermall and hydro power plants</a>  By Khayoun Saleh <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.azzaman.com/english/index.asp?code=ennewsen" class="external" target="_blank">Azzaman in English</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-10959"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/06/%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%8a%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85/#respond" title="Comment on نقص المياه يهدد استقرار العراق على المدى الطويل">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 6th, 2010 by Suheila Jamil</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/06/%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%8a%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to نقص المياه يهدد استقرار العراق على المدى الطويل">نقص المياه يهدد استقرار العراق على المدى الطويل</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-decline-of/" rel="tag">Agriculture decline of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-sector/" rel="tag">agriculture sector</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/arable-land/" rel="tag">arable land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/barley/" rel="tag">barley</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dams/" rel="tag">Dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desert/" rel="tag">desert</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desert-areas/" rel="tag">desert areas</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desertification/" rel="tag">Desertification</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/euphrates-river/" rel="tag">Euphrates river,</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/hydroelectric-dams/" rel="tag">hydroelectric dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ibrahim-madlool/" rel="tag">Ibrahim Madlool</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/infrastructure/" rel="tag">infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/invasion/" rel="tag">invasion</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation/" rel="tag">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irrigation-systems/" rel="tag">irrigation systems</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ramadi/" rel="tag">Ramadi</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/reconstruction/" rel="tag">Reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/reuters/" rel="tag">Reuters</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/salinity-excessive/" rel="tag">Salinity - excessive</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sanctions/" rel="tag">Sanctions</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sewage/" rel="tag">sewage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/underinvestment/" rel="tag">underinvestment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-contamination/" rel="tag">Water Contamination</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-level/" rel="tag">water level</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-pumps/" rel="tag">water pumps</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/western-anbar/" rel="tag">western Anbar</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wheat/" rel="tag">wheat</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wheat-barley/" rel="tag">wheat barley</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote> <p>الرمادي (العراق) (رويترز) – ينحي عبد الله حسن باللائمة في فساد محاصيله على نقص المياه المزمن ولا يثق كثيرا في أن الحكومة الجديدة ستستطيع احياء قطاع الزراعة بالعراق الذي دمرته الحرب ويعاني من قلة الاستثمارات.</p> <p>عبد الله (50 عاما) اب لخمسة ابناء ويعيش بالفلوجة في محافظة الانبار بغرب العراق وقد اضطر للتخلي عن زرع أفدنته الخمسين والحصول على عمل بقطاع البناء بعد أن قضت سنوات الجفاف على محاصيله من القمح والشعير والطماطم ( البندورة) والخيار والبطيخ.</p> <p>ولا يحدوه امل كبير في العودة الى الزراعة التي كانت مصدر دخله الاساسي على مدى 35 عاما وينوي بيع جزء من أرضه مع استمرار تراجع مستويات المياه في الانهار والخزانات مما يرفع تركيز الملوثات في المياه.</p> <p>وقال "يسوء وضع التربة يوما بعد يوم لان مستوى الملوحة يزيد والخصوبة تقل. هذا مثل السرطان الذي يصيب جسم الانسان."</p> <p> <a title="drought_anbar" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.flickr.com/photos/27086036@N02/4675228808/" class="external" target="_blank"><img alt="drought_anbar" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749im_/http://static.flickr.com/4047/4675228808_c81b6a0ab2.jpg" border="0"/></a> <p>وبعد الاضرار التي سببتها عقود من الحرب والعقوبات يعاني العراق من نقص حاد في المياه يتوقع أن يتفاقم مع نمو سكانه الذين يبلغ عددهم نحو 30 مليونا.</p> <p>وتغلب على العراق مساحات من الصحراء القاحلة لكن به أحد اكثر أنظمة الري اتساعا في العالم غير أن سنوات الحرب ونقص الاستثمارات والعقوبات حالت دون استغلاله القليل الذي تبقى من المياه.</p> <p>ويوفر نهرا دجلة والفرات وهما النهران الرئيسيان بالعراق القليل من الغوث للسهول الجافة لان السدود الكهرومائية في تركيا وايران وسوريا المجاورة قللت من تدفق المياه.</p> <p>والاستثمار في البنية التحتية المتهالكة مثل مضخات المياه ضروري لقطاعات رئيسية كالزراعة والنفط فضلا عن جهود اعادة الاعمار الاوسع نطاقا بعد سبع سنوات من الغزو الذي قادته الولايات المتحدة وأطاح بالرئيس صدام حسين.</p> <p>وكانت محافظة الانبار وهي منطقة صحراوية شاسعة من المناطق التي تضررت بشكل خاص. وأصبحت مساحات كبيرة من الاراضي التي كانت صالحة للزراعة على نهر الفرات غير مستخدمة لعدم كفاية طرق ضخ المياه النظيفة في التربة.</p> <p>وتقول الامم المتحدة انه يتم صرف نحو 83 في المئة من مياه الصرف الصحي دون معالجة في المجاري المائية فيما تقدر الحكومة أن 24 بالمئة من العراقيين لا يحصلون على مياه امنة.</p> <p>وتعمل الحكومة مع خبراء أمريكيين محاولة انشاء محطات للمعالجة وبحيرات صناعية لتنقية المياه الملوثة.</p> <p>وأنفق فريق اعادة اعمار محافظة في الانبار -وهي وحدة أنشأتها الولايات المتحدة للمساعدة في اعادة بناء العراق- اكثر من 100 مليون دولار لبناء وصيانة منشآت المعالجة ويتوقع أن تتوفر المياه النظيفة لنحو 97 بالمئة من السكان بحلول نهاية العام.</p> <p>ويعيش نحو 90 بالمئة من سكان الانبار البالغ عددهم 1.4 مليون نسمة على امتداد نهر الفرات حيث انخفضت مستويات المياه انخفاضا حادا. وكان متوسط معدل التدفق بالنهر الف متر مكعب في الثانية قبل اقامة سدود وتباطؤ معدل التدفق فيه الى 290 مترا مكعبا في الثانية في أغسطس اب الماضي وهو أدنى مستوياته منذ ستة أعوام.</p> <p>ويقول مسؤولون عراقيون ان منشات الصرف الصحي غير كافية ويشيرون الى أن تكلفة انشاء نظام للصرف الصحي في بلدة الرمادي تبلغ 400 مليون دولار على الاقل.</p> <p>وتساءل ابراهيم مدلول مدير ماء الانبار "أين سنجد المستثمرين الذين سيأتون ويستثمرون 400 مليون دولار في مشروع كهذا.."</p> <p>وأضاف أنه يتطلع الى مساندة الحكومة المركزية لدعم مشاريع بهذا الحجم.</p> <p>وقد يطول الانتظار.. فالعراق يعيش حالة من التشكك السياسي منذ انتخابات السابع من مارس اذار التي لم تسفر عن فائز واضح.</p> <p>وقد يستغرق تشكيل حكومة جديدة عدة اشهر وسيعني هذا تأجيل المشاريع الجديدة التي تحتاج الى موافقة الحكومة.</p> <p>ومن المتوقع أن تركز الحكومة الجديدة على تحسين الخدمات الاساسية بما في ذلك التفاوض على مزيد من امدادت المياه من الجيران والتركيز على ترشيد استهلاك المياه القليلة التي لدى العراق.</p> <p>ويهدد نقص المياه تطوير حقول النفط في العراق الذي يتمتع بثالث اكبر احتياطي في العالم والذي عقد في العام الماضي صفقات يمكن أن تدفعه الى مصاف كبريات الدول المنتجة.</p> <p>فيجب ضخ كميات كبيرة من المياه تحت الارض للحفاظ على الضغط عند استخراج النفط. ويحتاج انتاج برميل واحد من النفط الى نحو 1.6 برميل من المياه.</p> <p>ويعتبر تطوير الزراعة وقطاع النفط -الذي يعمل به عدد يزيد عن عدد العاملين في أي قطاع اخر- ضروريا لصرف الشبان العاطلين عن التشدد مع تعافي العراق من أعمال العنف الطائفي التي شهدها عامي 2006 و2007 .</p> <p>لكن عبد الله الذي يجني الفي دينار (1.71 دولار) في اليوم من عمله بالبناء لا يتوقع تحسنا كبيرا مع تولي الحكومة الجديدة.</p> <p>وقال "لا أظن أن صحوة حكومية ستحدث خاصة بعد اكثر من سبع سنوات من هذا التدهور… لست متفائلا."</p> <p>من سيرينا تشودري</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARACAE6550BN20100606?sp=true" class="external" target="_blank">نقص المياه يهدد استقرار العراق على المدى الطويل | أخبار الشرق الأوسط | Reuters</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-10957"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/06/lack-of-water-threatens-iraqs-long-term-stability-reuters/#respond" title="Comment on Lack of water threatens Iraq’s long-term stability | Reuters">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 6th, 2010 by Suheila Jamil</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/06/lack-of-water-threatens-iraqs-long-term-stability-reuters/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Lack of water threatens Iraq’s long-term stability | Reuters">Lack of water threatens Iraq’s long-term stability | Reuters</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-decline-of/" rel="tag">Agriculture decline of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture-sector/" rel="tag">agriculture sector</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/arable-land/" rel="tag">arable land</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/barley/" rel="tag">barley</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dams/" rel="tag">Dams</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/desert/" rel="tag">desert</a>, <a 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<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/western-anbar/" rel="tag">western Anbar</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wheat/" rel="tag">wheat</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wheat-barley/" rel="tag">wheat barley</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <blockquote><p>Iraq (<a title="Reuters" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE6550H720100606?rpc=401&feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&rpc=401" class="external" target="_blank">Reuters</a>) – Abdullah Hasan blames chronic water shortages for ruining his crops and has little faith a new government will be able to revive Iraq’s agriculture sector, shattered by war and starved of investment.</p> <p>The 50-year-old father of five from Falluja in western Anbar province was forced to abandon his 50 acres of land and take a job in construction after years of drought killed off his wheat, barley, tomato, cucumber and watermelon harvests.</p> <p> <a title="drought_anbar" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.flickr.com/photos/27086036@N02/4675228808/" class="external" target="_blank"><img alt="drought_anbar" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749im_/http://static.flickr.com/4047/4675228808_c81b6a0ab2.jpg" border="0"/></a> <p>He has little hope of returning to farming — his primary source of income for 35 years — and plans to sell some of his land as water levels in rivers and reservoirs continue to drop, increasing the concentration of pollutants in the water.</p> <p>"Day after day, the soil situation is deteriorating because the level of salt is increasing and fertility is decreasing. It’s like a cancer hitting the human body," Hasan said.</p> <p>Already damaged by decades of war and sanctions, Iraq has acute water shortages which are expected to worsen as its population of around 30 million grows.</p> <p>A country dominated by arid desert landscapes, it has one of the most extensive irrigation systems in the world but years of war, underinvestment and sanctions have prevented it from properly harnessing what little water it has left.</p> <p>Iraq’s main rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris, provide little relief to the parched plains as hydroelectric dams in neighbouring Turkey, Iran and Syria have stemmed the water flow.</p> <p>Investment in dilapidated infrastructure like water pumps is vital for key industries like agriculture and oil, as well as the broader reconstruction effort seven years after the U.S.-led invasion that ousted Saddam Hussein.</p> <h3>SEWAGE THREAT</h3> <p>Parched Anbar province, a vast desert area, has been hit particularly hard. Large areas of formerly arable land by the Euphrates have become unusable because of insufficient methods to pump clean water through the soil.</p> <p>The United Nations says around 83 percent of sewage is being discharged untreated into waterways, while the government estimates 24 percent of Iraqis do not have access to safe water.</p> <p>Working with U.S. experts, the government is trying to build treatment plants and biological lagoons to clean polluted water.</p> <p>In Anbar, a Provincial Reconstruction Team — a unit set up by the United States to help rebuild Iraq — has spent over $100 million (69 million pounds) to build and maintain treatment facilities and expects 97 percent of residents to have clean water by year’s end.</p> <p>Around 90 percent of Anbar’s 1.4 million people live along the Euphrates, where water levels have dropped dramatically. The river had an average flow rate of 1,000 cubic metres per second before being dammed and slowed to 290 cubic metres per second last August — its lowest level in six years.</p> <p>Iraqi officials say sewage facilities in Anbar are insufficient. A sewage system for the town of Ramadi would cost at least $400 million, they say.</p> <p>"Where are we going to find investors who will come and invest $400 million in a project like that?" said Ibrahim Madlool, the director general of water for Anbar province.</p> <p>"We are looking for support from the central government to support us in projects of this magnitude."</p> <h3>POLITICAL VOID</h3> <p>The wait may be long. Iraq has been in political limbo since a March 7 election produced no outright winner.</p> <p>It could take months before a new government is formed and that means delays in new projects that need cabinet approval.</p> <p>The new government is expected to focus on improving basic services, including negotiating more water supplies from neighbours and focussing on efficient use of the little water Iraq has.</p> <p>The lack of water threatens development of the oilfields. Iraq has the world’s third-largest reserves and struck deals last year which could propel it to major producer status.</p> <p>But large volumes of water must be pumped under ground to maintain pressure as oil is extracted. Production of a barrel of oil requires around 1.6 barrels of water.</p> <p>Developing agriculture and the oil sector, which employs more people than any other industry, are seen as crucial for keeping unemployed youth away from the insurgency as Iraq recovers from the sectarian bloodshed of 2006 and 2007.</p> <p>But Hasan, who earns 2,000 dinars ($1.71) a day in construction, expects little improvement from a new government.</p> <p>"I don’t believe that a conscious government awakening will happen, especially after more than seven years of this deterioration," he said. "I am not optimistic."</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>Source:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE6550H720100606?rpc=401&feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&rpc=401" class="external" target="_blank">Lack of water threatens Iraq’s long-term stability | Reuters</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-10892"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/04/baghdad-urged-to-tackle-water-crisis/#respond" title="Comment on Baghdad Urged to Tackle Water Crisis">No Comments</a></span> Posted on June 4th, 2010 by Harith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/06/04/baghdad-urged-to-tackle-water-crisis/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Baghdad Urged to Tackle Water Crisis">Baghdad Urged to Tackle Water Crisis</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a 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rel="tag">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iwpr/" rel="tag">IWPR</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/karez/" rel="tag">Karez</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/marshland/" rel="tag">marshland</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/port-said/" rel="tag">Port Said</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources/" rel="tag">Resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/river-water/" rel="tag">river water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/salinity/" rel="tag">salinity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria/" rel="tag">Syria</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/syria-and-iran/" rel="tag">syria and iran</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-river/" rel="tag">Tigris River</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/unesco/" rel="tag">UNESCO</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-crisis/" rel="tag">Water Crisis</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-issue/" rel="tag">water issue</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-level/" rel="tag">water level</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-levels/" rel="tag">water levels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-problems/" rel="tag">water problems</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resource-management/" rel="tag">water resource management</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-resources/" rel="tag">water resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-rights/" rel="tag">water rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-scarcity/" rel="tag">water scarcity</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortage/" rel="tag">water shortage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-shortages/" rel="tag">Water Shortages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-supply/" rel="tag">water supply</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/wheat/" rel="tag">wheat</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p><em>UN report found that 100,000 Iraqis have fled their homes since 2005 due to water shortages.</em> </p> <p>Iraqis are calling on their incoming government to devote more energy to resolving the country’s chronic water problems, with some experts stating that water will be more important than oil in the long-term development of the county. </p> <p>Even as recent rains have brought some relief to drought-stricken Iraq, the historic problem of water scarcity has forced tens of thousands of rural Iraqis from their homes. The government estimates that nearly two million people face severe drinking water shortages and extremely limited electricity due to hydropower shortage. </p> <p>Meanwhile, diplomatic tensions are running high as promises from upriver counties such as Turkey, Syria and Iran to allow more water into Iraq appear not to have been met. This week, Foreign Minister Hoshiar Zebari denounced a plan by Syria to divert water from the Tigris river to irrigate some 200,000 acres of land as detrimental to Iraq’s future water supply. </p> <p>Iraq’s minister of electricity Kareem Waheed called Syria’s move a “shock” that would “embarrass” his ministry and undermine its commitments to hydropower. Both ministers decried Syria’s plan as a breach of international conventions on down-river water rights. </p> <p>“The next government will be challenged on the water issue and there is no option but to deal with it. I understand that Iraq faces more than one problem, but this one can’t be ignored. No matter what the government is focusing on, this problem will impose itself,” said Dr Awn Thiab al-Ajeli, the head of Iraq’s National Centre for Water Resource Management within the ministry of water resources. </p> <p>"The first step that should be made is to reach a deal with Turkey as well as Iran and Syria in order to have good, stable amounts of water enter to Iraq each day. The current situation is that the amount is good one day, and bad the next. To make this step, a deal must be made between governments, not just between two water ministries. It depends on the diplomatic relations between the two states," Ajeli said. </p> <p>Officials have said in the past security concerns have overshadowed the development of a forward-thinking water policy. With Iraq’s recent and relative stability, experts are now calling for a plan to tackle the water problems that have afflicted the country – from rising salinity in the southern marshland to the imminent demise of traditional irrigation systems, known as karez, in the north. </p> <p>A UNESCO report found that 100,000 Iraqis have fled their native communities since 2005 due to water shortages. </p> <p>Another United Nations report claims the water levels in the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, Iraq’s primary sources of water, have fallen by more than two-thirds. The report cautioned that the vital lifelines could completely dry up by 2040. </p> <p>“At the current rates, Iraq’s water supply will fall an estimated 43 billion cubic metres by 2015, far short of the 77 cubic metres that the country will need to avert a widespread humanitarian disaster,” the UN report read. </p> <p>According to UN research, “Inefficient irrigation, lack of government coordination and weak capacity to manage the resource has compounded the current shortage of water… After years of neglect during the previous regime, Iraq’s water managers still lack sufficient technical capability and knowledge to address its growing water crisis. Budget constraints have handicapped the government’s ability to implement a long-term water management plan.” </p> <p>Social problems connected with water scarcity are common in Iraq: fishermen in the southern complain of a declining catches; in agricultural areas, water shortages have caused wheat production to fall by half. According to the UN, Iraq now imports 80 per cent of its food and 90 per cent of Iraq’s land is either desert or “suffering from severe desertification”. </p> <p>“Water is more important than oil for Iraq because we have agricultural lands which, without water, are useless. Agriculture is the future and the new government need to see that,” Ajeji said. </p> <p>The political impact of water relations with upriver countries is not lost on the UN. “We believe that the problem has political dimensions between Iraq and [its neighbours], which are trying to put pressure on the Iraqi government to advance some economic and political interests. The maneuvering has already begun in determining how much water Iraq should really have,” its report said. </p> <p>Dr Mohammed al-Zubaidi, political science professor at Baghdad University, said water is already the defining factor in Iraq’s foreign relations. </p> <p>“Listen, don’t be naïve. Upriver countries dominate down river countries because they control water revenue. This gives them advantages in other fields as well,” Zubaidi said. </p> <p>“Let’s talk about Turkey and Syria. We have concerns that one day they will ask in return for water, one barrel of water for one barrel of oil. That day will come soon if Iraq maintains its ignorant strategies of wasteful water management.” </p> <p>The Baghdad government claims it is doing its part in seeking adequate water for Iraq and applying diplomatic pressure to upriver neighbours. </p> <p>“We have formed delegations to visit Turkey, Iran and Syria to speak with them about sharing water because we face a serious problem in this regard. We have sent letters demanding the need to give us more water,” Jamal al-Battiq, head of parliament’s agricultural committee, said. </p> <p>Neighbouring nations have been reluctant to address Iraq’s water woes, but Mustafa Kibargolu, a professor at Bilkent University’s international relations department, cautioned that water could be the source of conflict in years to come. </p> <p>“[There hasn’t been any] confrontation or high tension stemming from the unsatisfied demands of parties over the use of water. [But] this should not mislead observers into thinking this is unlikely,” Kibargolu said. </p> <p>“Unless some old water policies are purged and new ones introduced. It is a real possibility that this region will become a time bomb in terms of water rights.”</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.iwpr.net/report-news/baghdad-urged-tackle-water-crisis" class="external" target="_blank">Baghdad Urged to Tackle Water Crisis – IWPR Institute for War & Peace Reporting</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-10582"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/05/18/17th-18th-may-2010-selected-english-language-coverage/#respond" title="Comment on 17th-18th May-2010 Selected English Language Coverage">No Comments</a></span> Posted on May 18th, 2010 by Nabil</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/05/18/17th-18th-may-2010-selected-english-language-coverage/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to 17th-18th May-2010 Selected English Language Coverage">17th-18th May-2010 Selected English Language Coverage</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abdul-qader/" rel="tag">Abdul Qader</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abdul-razzaq/" rel="tag">Abdul Razzaq</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abdullah-azzam/" rel="tag">Abdullah Azzam</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abu-ghraib/" rel="tag">Abu Ghraib</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abu-ghraib-prison/" rel="tag">Abu Ghraib prison</a>, <a 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rel="tag">Iraqiya list negotiations with Sadrists</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/karkh/" rel="tag">Karkh</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kufa/" rel="tag">Kufa</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kufa-mosque/" rel="tag">kufa Mosque</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kuwait/" rel="tag">kuwait</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/kuwait-times/" rel="tag">Kuwait Times</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/muqtada-al-sadr/" rel="tag">Muqtada al-Sadr</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/neighbouring-countries/" rel="tag">neighbouring countries</a>, <a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sadrist-bloc/" rel="tag">Sadrist Bloc</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sadrist-political-party/" rel="tag">Sadrist political party</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/saudi/" rel="tag">Saudi</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/saudi-arabia/" rel="tag">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/saudi-terrorists-in-irak/" rel="tag">Saudi terrorists in Irak</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sectarianism/" rel="tag">sectarianism</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sinan-al-saudi/" rel="tag">Sinan al-Saudi</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sinochem/" rel="tag">sinochem</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/soccer/" rel="tag">Soccer</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/society-and-economy/" rel="tag">Society And Economy</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/south-africa/" rel="tag">South Africa</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/state-of-law-coalition/" rel="tag">State of Law Coalition</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/suicide-bombers/" rel="tag">suicide bombers</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/suicide-bombing/" rel="tag">suicide bombing</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/summaries/" rel="tag">Summaries</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tariq-hassan/" rel="tag">Tariq Hassan</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tehran/" rel="tag">Tehran</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/the-nation/" rel="tag">The Nation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/" rel="tag">Tigris</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris-river/" rel="tag">Tigris River</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tpao/" rel="tag">TPAO</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkey/" rel="tag">Turkey</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/turkish-petroleum-corporation/" rel="tag">Turkish Petroleum Corporation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%af%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1/" rel="tag">مقتدى الصدر</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/violence/" rel="tag">violence</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/who/" rel="tag">WHO</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/world-cup/" rel="tag">World Cup</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/xinhua/" rel="tag">Xinhua</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1/" rel="tag">حركة الصدر</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>I have selected Nizar Latif’s article "<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100517/FOREIGN/705169809/1002/rss" class="external" target="_blank">Alliance could keep al Maliki in power</a>" in "The National" because it covers very well the situation that the other blocs find themselves in with regard to the Sadrists. In that context I should mention this posting (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/05/18/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%88%d9%81%d8%af-%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1/">العراقية تستعد لإرسال وفد رفيع إلى إيران لمقابلة السيد مقتدى الصدر | Gorilla’s Guides</a>) made by my colleague Nabil which reveals that a delegation from Allawi’s list (the Iraqiyal list) met members of the Sadrist trend’s political bureau and that they are preparing to send a delegation to Iran to meet Muqtada al-Sadr.</p> <p>I have also picked an article that appeared in the London "Times" about the plan to build a wall around Baghdad in the hope of keeping bombers out.</p> <p>More immediately there is a lot of interest in the two al-Qaeda members arrested and who apparently were planning to attack the World Cup in South Africa. A <em>lot</em> has been made of the claims that one of them was a Saudi military officer, <em><strong>"not so fast"</strong></em> say the Saudis. (And if you think from Major General Mansour al-Turki’s name that Saudi Arabia is a family business you’d be right).</p> <p>Did you know that <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.1.411141523" class="external" target="_blank">"most of the prisoners freed by American forces from their prisons in the last few years have become Al-Qaeda leaders once they are released"</a> ? </p> <p>No? No, I did not know it either, but it does explain why every time that an alleged al-Qaeda member is killed/captured/accidentally blows themself up that they are always described as being a "senior" al-Qaeda commander/leader/prince/warlord. </p> <p>62 of them were sentenced to death today i don’t know how many of them received a fair trial or how many of them were truly members of an al-Qaeda affiliated movement. ( That there is an al-Qaeda inspired fighter movement in parts of Irak is true and they enforce their will brutally as the slaughter of two clergy proved).</p> <p style="padding-bottom: 1em; border-bottom: gray 1px solid">Nabil</p> <h3 style="color: #800000">The Day(s) In Quotes:</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Sheikh Dhea al Shouki, a leading preacher at Kufa mosque, in the Sadrists’ heartland to Nizar Latif on the political crisis: </p> <p></strong>“I tell the Iraqi people to look out for themselves and to protect themselves because the coming situation will be one of sectarianism and interference in Iraq by neighbouring countries. The Iraqi government is corrupt and the Iraqi army is not serving the people well.” </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100517/FOREIGN/705169809/1002/rss" class="external" target="_blank"><strong>Source</strong></a><strong> </strong></li> <li><strong>Saudi Interior Ministry spokesman  Major General Mansour al-Turki to <em>Asharq Al-Awsat</em> on the identity of the Saudi military officer detained in Irak as an al-Qaeda commander  <br/></strong> <br/>"The identity of the individual mentioned by the material evidence requires verification, especially as the public information confirms that he has previously impersonated another figure. " </li> </ul> <h3 style="color: #800000">Human Rights:</h3> <p> <strong>62 Iraqis sentenced to death</strong><strong>: Xinhua</strong><br/> <blockquote>RAMADI, Iraq, May 18 (Xinhua) — A court in Anbar province gave death penalties to 62 Iraqis and different prison terms, including life imprisonment, to 130 others, a source from Anbar police command said on Tuesday. <p>The court in the province delivered the verdicts according to article 4 of the Iraqi counter-terrorism law after the court found them guilty for crimes of killings, bombings, the source told Xinhua on condition of anonymity. </p> <p>Some senior leaders of the al-Qaida organization and leaders of other insurgent groups were among those who received death sentences, the source said. </p> <p>Many of the 130 convicts were either fighters of al-Qaida group or involved in assisting the group to carry out deadly attacks, the source added. </p> <p>"All the convicts were residents of Anbar province," he said </p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-05/18/c_13301622.htm" class="external" target="_blank">read in full</a></strong><strong>:</strong></p> </blockquote> <h3 style="color: #800000">Politics and Security</h3> <p><strong>Alliance could keep al Maliki in power – The National Newspaper</strong><strong>: </strong></p> <blockquote><p><em>snip</em></p> <p>Until yesterday it had seemed unlikely that Mr al Maliki would be chosen as the new alliance’s candidate for prime minister, with the Sadrists, a major faction in INA, saying they would veto his election. </p> <p>However, that threat has now apparently been withdrawn, giving a significant boost to Mr Maliki’s hopes of leading the country for another four years. </p> <p>“We have no veto over Mr al Maliki being chosen as prime minister and we can work with him, for the good of Iraq,” said Bahar al Araje, a senior Sadrist, confirming statements made by Saleh al Obeidi, a spokesman for the group’s leader, cleric Muqtada al Sadr. </p> <p><em>snip</em></p> <p>According to Mr al Araje, the Sadrists continue to harbour reservations about Mr al Maliki and he made it clear that, while the Sadr movement would not veto the prime minister’s coveted reappointment, it may not give him its outright support. </p> <p>“We still have criticisms of Mr al Maliki, including that he does not consult when he makes decisions, that he continues to detain followers of Muqtada al Sadr and that he has politicised the security forces,” Mr Araje said. “While we will not veto him, and while we will continue in an alliance with the State of Law coalition, I do not expect Mr al Maliki to be prime minister again, It will be another candidate.” </p> <p>The Sadr movement indicated it had laid down conditions for ending its veto against Mr al Maliki, including that he release scores of detainees. That has not yet happened. </p> <p>While a major obstruction to Mr al Maliki’s return as prime minister appears to have been removed, his position is far from certain. </p> <p>The State of Law/INA alliance has yet to name its leader, with a 14-member committee supposed to make the selection. </p> <p><em>snip</em></p> <p>Although the Sadrist leadership appears to have ended its open hostility to Mr al Maliki, Muqtada al Sadr’s followers seem far from convinced. </p> <p>With the atmosphere in Iraq increasingly one of alarm at rising violence and recent deadly sectarian attacks, Sheikh Dhea al Shouki, a leading preacher at Kufa mosque, in the Sadrists’ heartland, said he feared for the future. </p> <p>“I tell the Iraqi people to look out for themselves and to protect themselves because the coming situation will be one of sectarianism and interference in Iraq by neighbouring countries,” he said in a telephone interview. “The Iraqi government is corrupt and the Iraqi army is not serving the people well.” </p> <p><em>snip</em></p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100517/FOREIGN/705169809/1002/rss" class="external" target="_blank">read in full</a></strong><strong>: </strong></p> </blockquote> <p> <strong>Baghdad to enclose city with 15ft wall to keep suicide bombers out – Times Online</strong><strong>: </strong><br/> <blockquote>Baghdad is to resort to one of the oldest forms of defence by building a massive wall around the capital to keep out insurgents, The Times has learnt. <p>A series of recent suicide bombings has driven the governor of the Iraqi capital to propose the concrete barrier, which will be 15ft (4.5m) high and 70 miles (112km) long. Every man, beast and vehicle entering will be searched at one of only eight gates along the main highways. </p> <p>Baghdad, roughly the same size as London and with approximately five million inhabitants, will face severe disruption as a result. Freedom of movement will be limited and workers and visitors alike will probably have to wait for at least an hour to enter. Once inside, though, it is hoped they will be much safer. Shatha al-Obeidi, an aide to Salah Abdul Razzaq, the governor, said: “We want to stop the terrorist from sneaking in. With the wall it will be much easier.” </p> <p>Building work is expected to take about a year. Once the wall is completed, officials plan to remove most of the 1,500 checkpoints and many miles of cement blast barriers that have sprung up inside Baghdad over the past few years. “We have become a city filled with concrete,” said Ms al-Obeidi. “That will change.” </p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article7129217.ece" class="external" target="_blank">read in full</a></strong><strong>: </strong></p> </blockquote> <p> <strong>Iraqi forces capture 2 non-Iraqi Arab Qaida leaders</strong><strong>: Xinhua </strong><br/> <blockquote> <p>BAGHDAD, May 17 (Xinhua) — Iraqi security forces said Monday they have arrested two non-Iraqi Arab Qaida leaders, and one of them is said to be part of a plan to carry out terrorist act during the coming soccer World Cup in South Africa. </p> <p>The two were allegedly a Saudi and Algerian nationals who were captured in separate raids in Baghdad, according to a military spokesman. </p> <p>Azzam Saleh al-Qahtani, known as Sinan al-Saudi, 31, was an officer in the Saudi Army before he came to Iraq in 2004. Al-Saudi later became an al-Qaida security leader in Anbar and Salahudin provinces in western and central Iraq respectively, Major General Qassim Atta told a news conference. </p> <p>Atta said that al-Saudi was involved in "planning and coordination to carry out attacks during the World Cup in South Africa in complicity with Ayman al-Zawahiri (al-Qaida’s No. 2 top leader)." </p> <p>Al-Saudi was also involved in the Baghdad massive bombings and many robberies against jewellers and killings of many people, Atta added. </p> <p>Another Qaida leader named Tariq Hassan Abdul Qader, known as Abu Ysseen al-Jazairi, 34, an Algerian national, was also captured by a joint U.S. and Iraqi force, Atta said, adding that al-Jazairi was captured in November last year but his captured was not announced as he was interrogated for information about his terrorist group. </p> <p>Al-Jazairi, who entered Iraq in 2005 through Anbar province, was the leader of al-Qaida’s military wing in Karkh area, the west side of Tigris River that bisects the Iraqi capital, Atta said.</p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-05/17/c_13299597.htm" class="external" target="_blank">source</a></strong><strong>: </strong></p> </blockquote> <p> <strong>Saudi Arabia Wants to Verify Identity of World Cup Terrorist Asharq Alawsat Newspaper (English)</strong><strong>: </strong><br/> <blockquote> <p>After the Iraqi security services announced their arrest of Saudi citizen Abdullah Azzam Saleh Misfar al-Qahtani, Saudi Interior Ministry spokesman Major General Mansour al-Turki informed Asharq Al-Awsat that Saudi Arabia is also looking for a fugitive with a similar name and characteristics. Iraq claims that al-Qahtani is a former Saudi army officer and a senior member in the Al Qaeda organization in Iraq, and that he was planning to carry out a terrorist attack at this year’s World Cup which is set to begin in South Africa in the next few weeks. </p> <p>Saudi Interior Ministry Security spokesman Major General Mansour al-Turki refused to confirm or deny that al-Qahtani had been arrested, telling Asharq Al-Awsat that "the identity of the individual mentioned by the material evidence requires verification, especially as the public information confirms that he has previously impersonated another figure. " </p> <p>In his statement to Asharq Al-Awsat, Major General al-Turki said that the information available to the Saudi security apparatus "refers to the departure of a Saudi citizen who has a similar name [to this] outside of Saudi Arabia as part of an unessential holiday in the month of Shawwal 1425 (2004) and that his return [to Saudi] has not been recorded until now." </p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=1&id=20993" class="external" target="_blank">read in full</a></strong><strong>: </strong></p> </p> </blockquote> <p> <strong>Iraq: Former prisoners ‘becoming Al-Qaeda leaders’ – Adnkronos Security</strong><strong>: </strong><br/> <blockquote>Iraqi security forces are concerned that many of the prisoners released by US troops are becoming leaders in the Al-Qaeda terror network on their release. According to local news site, Al-Sumaria News, Baghdad security forces spokesman Major General Qassim Atta revealed the level of concern to reporters on a visit to Abu Ghraib prison. <p>"Most of the prisoners freed by American forces from their prisons in the last few years have become Al-Qaeda leaders once they are released," he told reporters. </p> <p>"To stop this phenomenon we have signed a security accord with US troops, so that before freeing any prisoner they ask Iraqi forces their opinion." </p> <p>In the past US troops, who had more than 20,000 prisoners in Iraqi prisons, could release prisoners without informing local security forces.</p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.1.411141523" class="external" target="_blank">read in full</a></strong><strong>: </strong></p> </blockquote> <p><strong>News – World: Imams ’slaughtered in Iraq’</strong><strong>:</strong> </p> <blockquote><p>Baquba – Two Sunni Arab imams were brutally killed on Monday in Iraq, including one who was decapitated and had his head planted on a power pole, in attacks blamed on al-Qaeda, military officials said. </p> <p>The slayings in the province of Diyala, north-east of Baghdad, were against anti-Qaeda preachers who regularly railed against the terror network during Friday sermons. </p> <p>"At around 2.00pm (11.00 GMT), armed al-Qaeda members captured Sheikh Abdullah Shakur while he was in Saadiyah market," said a Diyala military command officer who declined to be identified, referring to the central town. </p> <p>"They returned an hour later with his head and attached it to an electricity post." </p> <p>Shakur, imam of Saadiyah’s mosque, had received several death threats from al-Qaeda, who had demanded that he leave the town, which is home to large Sunni, Shiite and Kurd populations. </p> <p>The town, located about 100 kilometres east of the Diyala provincial capital Baquba, was an al-Qaeda stronghold during Iraq’s sectarian conflict in 2006 and 2007. </p> <p>According to the Diyala military officer, in the village of Al-Bushaheen, 20 kilometres north of Baquba, gunmen burst into the home of Sheikh Hashim Arif at about 3.00am (00.00 GMT), dragged him to his garden and shot him dead in front of his family.</p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3&art_id=nw20100517165430331C338773" class="external" target="_blank">source</a></strong><strong>:</strong> </p> </blockquote> <h3 style="color: #800000">Society and Economy:</h3> <p> <strong>France24 – Iraq signs oil field deal with Chinese, Turkish firms</strong><strong>: </strong><br/> <blockquote>Iraq signed a deal with Chinese energy giant CNOOC and Turkey’s TPAO on Monday to develop a major southern oilfield complex, its 11th deal with foreign energy firms as Baghdad aims to boost crude output. <p>Among the cluster of fields in the Maysan complex, along Iraq’s border with Iran, is a field partially claimed by Tehran, whose forces temporarily took over an oil well in the Fakka oilfield in December for several days but withdrew after talks between the two countries. </p> <p><em>snip</em></p> <p>CNOOC and TPAO agreed to be paid 2.30 dollars per barrel of oil extracted from the Maysan cluster of fields, which has proven reserves of 2.6 billion barrels of oil. </p> <p>Under the deal, output is projected to be ramped up to 450,000 barrels per day (bpd), compared to current production of around 100,000 bpd. </p> <p>The Chinese firm will have an 85-percent stake in the joint venture, while TPAO holds the remaining 15 percent. The Iraqi government will have a 25-percent stake in the overall project. </p> <p>The agreed deal was worth around a tenth of what was initially requested — CNOOC and Sinochem, another Chinese energy firm, had originally asked for 21.4 dollars per barrel when the field was auctioned to foreign firms last June. </p> <p>Sinochem has since pulled out of the deal. </p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.france24.com/en/20100517-iraq-signs-oil-field-deal-with-chinese-turkish-firms" class="external" target="_blank">read in full</a></strong><strong>: </strong></p> </blockquote> <p> <strong>Iraq, Kuwait still going at it » Kuwait Times Website</strong><strong>: </strong><br/> <blockquote> <p>A fierce legal fight between the national airlines of Iraq and Kuwait has revived deep resentments that have been simmering since Saddam Hussein first sent his army into oil-rich, neighboring Kuwait back in 1990. The dispute has been playing out in British courts since soon after the end of the first Gulf War, with Kuwait Airways claiming it is owed $1.2 billion by Iraqi Airways for 10 aircraft and spare parts that were looted during the occupation by Iraqi forces.</p> <p>Lawyers representing Kuwait have accused Iraq of perjury, forgery and a general pervasion of the justice system. In turn, Kuwait has been accused of exploiting Iraq’s instability and being insensitive to the suffering of the Iraqi people. The dispute resurfaced April 25 when the first Iraqi Airways flight from Baghdad to London in more than 20 years was met at Gatwick Airport by lawyers representing Kuwait Airway armed with an injunction issued by a British court. The authorities confiscated the passport of Iraqi Airways director Kifah Hassan Jabbar, and impounded the aircraft, which had been leased from a Swedish company.</p> <p><strong><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=MTMzNjM5NTE2NQ==" class="external" target="_blank">read in full</a></strong><strong>: </strong></p> </blockquote> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514231749/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/tigris/page/2/">« Previous Entries</a></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="span-10 last"> <div class="span-10" id="tabs"> <ul> <li class="ui-tabs-nav-item"><a href="#featured-articles">Featured Articles</a></li> <li class="ui-tabs-nav-item"><a href="#latest-articles">Latest Articles</a></li> </ul> <div id="featured-articles" class="widget"> <ul> <li><a 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