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id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-法律地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法律地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>法律地位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法律地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>音系</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-音系-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关音系子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-音系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-元音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>元音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-輔音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#輔音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>輔音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-輔音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字系統" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字系統"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文字系統</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字系統-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-例子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#例子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>例子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-例子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-泰米尔文学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#泰米尔文学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>泰米尔文学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-泰米尔文学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">泰米尔语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。158种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-158" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">158种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%88%9A%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%9B" title="ታሚልኛ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታሚልኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tamil" title="Idioma tamil – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma tamil" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तमिल भाषा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तमिल भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة التاميلية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة التاميلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="التاميليه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التاميليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="তামিল ভাষা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তামিল ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tamil" title="Idioma tamil – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma tamil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="तमिल – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तमिल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_dili" title="Tamil dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tamil dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تامیل دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تامیل دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Тамил теле – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тамил теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Tamil" title="Basa Tamil – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Tamil" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam%C4%97lu_kalba" title="Tamėlu kalba – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tamėlu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Tamil" title="Hata Tamil – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Tamil" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тамільская мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тамільская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тамільская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тамільская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тамилски език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тамилски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="तमिल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तमिल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Tamil" title="Basa Tamil – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Tamil" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="তামিল ভাষা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তামিল ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamileg" title="Tamileg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tamileg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilski_jezik" title="Tamilski jezik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tamilski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0mil" title="Tàmil – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tàmil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Tamil-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tamil-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_(pinulongan)" title="Tamil (pinulongan) – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tamil (pinulongan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زمانی تامیلی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی تامیلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil%C5%A1tina" title="Tamilština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tamilština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamileg" title="Tamileg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tamileg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_(sprog)" title="Tamil (sprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tamil (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Tamil" title="Boros Tamil – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Tamil" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तमिल भाषा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="तमिल भाषा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%85%DE%A6" title="ތަމަޅަ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތަމަޅަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ταμίλ γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταμίλ γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tamil language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamila_lingvo" title="Tamila lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tamila lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tamil" title="Idioma tamil – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma tamil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamili_keel" title="Tamili keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tamili keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilera" title="Tamilera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tamilera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زبان تامیلی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان تامیلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamili" title="Tamili – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tamili" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamoul" title="Tamoul – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tamoul" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_(spriik)" title="Tamil (spriik) – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tamil (spriik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tamailis" title="An Tamailis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tamailis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamoul" title="Tamoul – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tamoul" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamailis" title="Tamailis – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tamailis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_t%C3%A1mil" title="Lingua támil – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua támil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1mil_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Támil ñe'ẽ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Támil ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B3_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="તમિળ ભાષા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તમિળ ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilish" title="Tamilish – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tamilish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil-ng%C3%AE" title="Tamil-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tamil-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="טמילית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טמילית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तमिल भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तमिल भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_bhasa" title="Tamil bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tamil bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilski_jezik" title="Tamilski jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tamilski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_nyelv" title="Tamil nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tamil nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Թամիլերեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թամիլերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tamil" title="Lingua tamil – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua tamil" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Tamil" title="Jaku Tamil – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Tamil" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Tamil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Tamil language" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Tamil" title="Pagsasao a Tamil – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Tamil" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_linguo" title="Tamil linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tamil linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam%C3%ADlska" title="Tamílska – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tamílska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tamil" title="Lingua tamil – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tamil" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="タミル語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タミル語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Tamil" title="Basa Tamil – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Tamil" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტამილური ენა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტამილური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Тамилыбзэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тамилыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Tamil" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%A1" title="ភាសាទមិឡ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាទមិឡ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ತಮಿಳು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಮಿಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EB%B0%80%EC%96%B4" title="타밀어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타밀어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Тамил тил – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тамил тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%B2%D9%85%D9%90%D9%84_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تٲمِل زَبان – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تٲمِل زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_tam%C3%AEl%C3%AE" title="Zimanê tamîlî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê tamîlî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Тамил кыв – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тамил кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilek" title="Tamilek – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tamilek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Tamulica" title="Lingua Tamulica – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Tamulica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_tamil" title="Lengua tamil – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua tamil" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາທະມິນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາທະມິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil%C5%B3_kalba" title="Tamilų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tamilų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilu_valoda" title="Tamilu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tamilu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तमिल भाषा – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तमिल भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tamily" title="Fiteny tamily – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tamily" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Tamil" title="Bahaso Tamil – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Tamil" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тамилски јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тамилски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D" title="തമിഴ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തമിഴ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Тамил хэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тамил хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B3_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तमिळ भाषा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तमिळ भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Tamil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Тамилэнь кель – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Тамилэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تامیلی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تامیلی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamillaht%C5%8Dlli" title="Tamillahtōlli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tamillahtōlli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_(taal)" title="Tamil (taal) – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tamil (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तमिल भाषा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तमिल भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तमिल भाषा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तमिल भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_(taal)" title="Tamil (taal) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tamil (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Tamil (språk) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tamil (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ତାମିଲ ଭାଷା – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତାମିଲ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тамилаг æвзаг – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тамилаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤਮਿਲ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਮਿਲ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamoul" title="Tamoul – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tamoul" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_tamilski" title="Język tamilski – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język tamilski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Tamil" title="Lenga Tamil – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Tamil" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="تامل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تامل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="تاميلي ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تاميلي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_t%C3%A2mil" title="Língua tâmil – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua tâmil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_simi" title="Tamil simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tamil simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilikani_chhib" title="Tamilikani chhib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Tamilikani chhib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_tamil%C4%83" title="Limba tamilă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba tamilă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_tamil" title="Lènga tamil – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga tamil" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Тамильский язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тамильский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Тамільскый язык – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тамільскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitamili" title="Igitamili – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igitamili" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तमिळ्भाषा – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तमिळ्भाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Тамил тыла – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тамил тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tamil" title="Lingua tamil – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua tamil" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_leid" title="Tamil leid – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tamil leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="تامل ٻولي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تامل ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilski_jezik" title="Tamilski jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tamilski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%85_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="දෙමළ භාෂාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෙමළ භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tamil language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Tamilščina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tamilščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luqada_Tamil-ka" title="Luqada Tamil-ka – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Luqada Tamil-ka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_tamile" title="Gjuha tamile – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha tamile" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тамилски језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тамилски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tamil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitamil" title="Kitamil – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitamil" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilsk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Tamilskŏ gŏdka – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tamilskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D" title="தமிழ் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தமிழ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ತಮಿಳು ಬಾಸೆ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ತಮಿಳು ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B3_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="తమిళ భాష – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తమిళ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Забони томилӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони томилӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AC" title="ภาษาทมิฬ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาทมิฬ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tamil" title="Wikang Tamil – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Tamil" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamilce" title="Tamilce – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tamilce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Тамил теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тамил теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="تامىل تىلى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تامىل تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тамільська мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тамільська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تمل زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تمل زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_tili" title="Tamil tili – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tamil tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tamil" title="Tiếng Tamil – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Tamil" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinamil" title="Tinamil – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tinamil" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="泰米尔语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泰米尔语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტამილური ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტამილური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C" title="טאמיל – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאמיל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_T%C3%A0mil" title="Èdè Tàmil – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Tàmil" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil-g%C3%AD" title="Tamil-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tamil-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="淡米爾文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="淡米爾文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&oldid=85113307" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&id=85113307&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B3%25B0%25E7%25B1%25B3%25E5%25B0%2594%25E8%25AF%25AD"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B3%25B0%25E7%25B1%25B3%25E5%25B0%2594%25E8%25AF%25AD"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tamil_language" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%9D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5885" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-22b27a7e" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%A6%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="坦米爾文">坦米爾文</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-22b27a7e" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IN Places"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:毛里塔尼亚; zh-hk:毛里塔尼亞; zh-tw:茅里塔尼亞;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:泰米尔纳德邦;zh-sg:淡米尔纳德邦;zh-hk:淡米爾納德邦;zh-tw:坦米爾那都邦;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:本地治里;zh-hk:本地治里;zh-tw:朋迪治里;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive 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background-color: mediumspringgreen;">淡米尔语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: mediumspringgreen;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ta">தமிழ்</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">发音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><small></small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:泰米尔语国际音标">[t̪amiɻ]</a></span>; <span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fb\/Ta-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D.oga\/Ta-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<small>\u8046\u807d<\/small>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Ta-\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Ta-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D.oga/Ta-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><small>聆聽</small></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ta-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D.oga" title="File:Ta-தமிழ்.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="斯里兰卡">斯里兰卡</a>，亦是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">毛里求斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a> 重要的少数语言，以及全球各地的移民社群</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">8500萬人<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> （2019）<br />800萬人作為第二語言</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="达罗毗荼语系">达罗毗荼语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> 南达罗毗荼语族<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="淡米尔-卡纳达语支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tamil–Kannada_languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%A1%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94-%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淡米尔-卡纳达语支（页面不存在）">淡米尔-卡纳达语支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil%E2%80%93Kannada_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tamil–Kannada languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tamil–Kannada_languages</span></a></span>）</span></span><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li>淡米尔-科达古<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li>淡米尔-马拉雅拉姆语<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>淡米尔语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="淡米爾字母">淡米爾字母</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: mediumspringgreen;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="淡米尔纳德邦">淡米尔纳德邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%BB%E9%87%8C" title="本地治里">本地治里</a>）<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/33px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/44px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">管理机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="淡米尔纳德邦">淡米尔纳德邦</a>的政府和各学院</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: mediumspringgreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ta">ta</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tam" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tam">tam</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">兩者之一：<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tam" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tam">tam</a></code> – 现代淡米尔语<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/oty" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:oty">oty</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="古泰米尔语">古泰米爾语</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tami1289">tami1289</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: mediumspringgreen;;">域名</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="国际化域名">IDN ccTLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/.%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title=".இலங்கை">.இலங்கை</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamil_Verbreitung.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tamil_Verbreitung.png/300px-Tamil_Verbreitung.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tamil_Verbreitung.png/450px-Tamil_Verbreitung.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tamil_Verbreitung.png/600px-Tamil_Verbreitung.png 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="814" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">1961年在南印度及斯里蘭卡的淡米尔语使用分佈</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; float: right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:;">「淡米尔」的各地常用譯名</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">中国大陸</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">泰米尔 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">臺灣</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">坦米爾 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="新加坡、馬來西亞">星馬</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">淡米尔 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>淡米尔语</b><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>（<span lang="ta">தமிழ்</span>，<small>羅馬化：</small><i><span lang="ta-Latn" title="ISO 15919 婆罗米文字" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Tamiḻ</span></i>）是一種有超過二千年歷史的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="达罗毗荼语系">达罗毗荼语系</a>，通行於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>南部、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a>東北部。它是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="泰米尔纳德邦">泰米尔纳德邦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%BB%E9%87%8C" title="本地治里">本地治里</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="官方語言">官方語言</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="南太平洋">南太平洋</a>不少印度裔居民也使用泰米爾語，他們散布於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="馬達加斯加">馬達加斯加</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">毛里求斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%BF%9F" title="斐濟">斐濟</a>等地。根據統計，在1996年，泰米爾語在全球的語言人口中排第18位，总人数约7400萬。坦米爾語這個名稱相信來自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>“Dravida”（<b>達羅毗荼</b>）的讀音變化。泰米尔语有超过2000年的文学传统，而不同于欧洲的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a>，这个传统一直没有中断过。犹如中文的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a>一样，至今古泰米尔文还在日常生活中继续被使用。例如，泰米尔小学生一直到现在还用1世纪的字母韵文 <i>Aathichoodi</i> 来学字母。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法律地位"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>法律地位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：法律地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>泰米爾語是印度<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E9%82%A6" title="泰米尔纳德邦">泰米尔纳德邦</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%BB%E9%87%8C" title="本地治里">本地治里</a>的官方語言，同時也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>國家憲法承認的22種語言之一<sup id="cite_ref-東方新聞_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-東方新聞-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。泰米爾語是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>的官方語言<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-statutes.agc.gov.sg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statutes.agc.gov.sg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。泰米爾語和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來語">馬來語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">華語</a>並列<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>法定教育媒介使用語言<sup id="cite_ref-Tamil_Schools_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tamil_Schools-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在馬來西亞，有超過五百間政府學校機構以泰米爾語作为教育媒介。 </p><p>另外，泰米爾語於2004年獲印度政府定為古典語言<sup id="cite_ref-東方新聞_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-東方新聞-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这是获得该地位的第一个印度语言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音系"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>音系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：音系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰米爾語音系（页面不存在）">泰米爾語音系</a></div> <p>泰米尔语<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语音系统（页面不存在）">语音系统</a>最值得注意的是有<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齿音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈音">齿龈音</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="卷舌音">卷舌音</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a>的对立：ந、ன、ண。一般世界语言只有齿辅音（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a>）或者齿龈辅音（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>），很少有两种之间的对立。连<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a>也只有<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齿音</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="卷舌音">卷舌音</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：元音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="font-family:Arial;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"></th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%95%B7%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="元音長度">短</a></th> <th colspan="3">長 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="前元音">前元音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="央元音">央元音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="後元音">後元音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="前元音">前元音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="央元音">央元音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="後元音">後元音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="閉元音">閉元音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">i</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">u</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">iː</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">uː</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>இ</td> <td></td> <td>உ</td> <td>ஈ</td> <td></td> <td>ஊ </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中元音">中元音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">e</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">o</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">eː</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">oː</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>எ</td> <td></td> <td>ஒ</td> <td>ஏ</td> <td></td> <td>ஓ </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開元音">開元音</a> </th> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">a</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">(ai)</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">aː</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">(aw)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>அ</td> <td></td> <td>ஐ</td> <td>ஆ</td> <td>ஒள </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="輔音"><span id=".E8.BC.94.E9.9F.B3"></span>輔音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：輔音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="font-family:Arial;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">唇音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒音">齒音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦音">齒齦音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="卷舌音">卷舌音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭音">硬腭音</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%BD%B6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="軟齶音">軟腭音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">p (b)</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t̪ (d̪)</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʈ (ɖ)</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʃ (dʒ)</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">k (ɡ)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ப</td> <td>த</td> <td></td> <td>ட</td> <td>ச</td> <td>க </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">m</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n̪</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɳ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ம</td> <td>ந</td> <td>ன</td> <td>ண</td> <td>ஞ</td> <td>ங </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="閃音">閃音</a> </th> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɾ̪</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ர</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6)" title="颤音 (语音学)">顫音</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">r</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ற</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3" title="中央輔音">中央</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="近音">近音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʋ</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɻ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">j</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>வ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>ழ</td> <td>ய</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="邊音">邊</a>近音 </th> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">l̪</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɭ</span></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>ல</td> <td></td> <td>ள</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字系統"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1"></span>文字系統</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：文字系統"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="泰米爾文">泰米尔文</a></div> <p>泰米尔语曾用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泰米爾婆羅米文" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tamil Brahmi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%87" title="泰米尔婆罗米文">泰米爾婆羅米文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Brahmi" class="extiw" title="en:Tamil Brahmi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tamil Brahmi</span></a></span>）</span></span>為其文字系統，後來也用過一種稱為<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">vaṭṭeḻuttu</span>的文字。現今的泰米尔文包括十二個母音、十八個子音及一個特殊符號<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A2%E9%9F%BB" title="止韻">止韻</a>，而母音和子音可以組合出216個複合字，因此總共有247個字（12 + 18 + 1 + (12 x 18）。和其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="婆罗米系文字">婆罗米系文字</a>相同，所有的子音都包括一個繼承的母音<i>a</i>，若加上一個稱為<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">puḷḷi</span>的子音符號，可以將母音<i>a</i>去掉。例如<span lang="ta">ன</span>是<i>ṉa</i>（有母音a），而<span lang="ta">ன்</span>是<i>ṉ</i>（沒有母音）。許多婆罗米系文字都有類似符號，一般稱為virama．泰米尔文幾乎都用可以看到的<i>puḷḷi</i>來識別一個不帶母音的子音。在其他婆罗米系文字中，一般會用<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97" title="合字">合字</a>或其他型式來寫一個具有不帶母音子音的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="音節">音節</a>，不過也可以用virama表示。泰米尔文不區分有聲及無聲的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a>，不過因為在文字中的位置而決定其有聲或無聲，其規則為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泰米爾音位學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tamil phonology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰米爾音位學（页面不存在）">泰米爾音位學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_phonology" class="extiw" title="en:Tamil phonology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tamil phonology</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p><p>除了標準的文字外，泰米尔文從Grantha文中借了六個字母，是在泰米尔中書寫<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="梵語">梵語</a>中，也用來標示一些當地未使用的一些發音，例如梵語和其他語言的外來語。傳統的系統是用借用字的方式描述，可能也會用符合泰米爾音位學的方式來拼寫，但不一定都完全應用<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="例子"><span id=".E4.BE.8B.E5.AD.90"></span>例子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：例子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>泰米尔的文章加拉丁文<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" class="mw-redirect" title="转写">转写</a>和中文翻译（《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="世界人权宣言">世界人权宣言</a>》第一条）： </p><p>泰米尔语： <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span lang="ta">உறுப்புரை 1: மனிதப் பிறிவியினர் சகலரும் சுதந்திரமாகவே பிறக்கின்றனர்; அவர்கள் மதிப்பிலும், உரிமைகளிலும் சமமானவர்கள், அவர்கள் நியாயத்தையும் மனச்சாட்சியையும் இயற்பண்பாகப் பெற்றவர்கள். அவர்கள் ஒருவருடனொருவர் சகோதர உணர்வுப் பாங்கில் நடந்துகொள்ளல் வேண்டும்.।</span> </p></blockquote> <p>拉丁轉寫： <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i><span lang="ta-Latn" title="泰米尔语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Uṟuppurai 1: Maṉitap piṟiviyiṉar cakalarum cutantiramākavē piṟakkiṉṟaṉar; avarkaḷ matippilum, urimaikaḷilum camamāṉavarkaḷ, avarkaḷ niyāyattaiyum maṉaccāṭciyaiyum iyaṟpaṇpākap peṟṟavarkaḷ. Avarkaḷ oruvaruṭaṉoruvar cakōtara uṇarvup pāṅkil naṭantukoḷḷal vēṇṭum.</span></i> </p></blockquote> <p>中文翻译： <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209892"> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>人人生而自由，在尊严和权利上一律平等。他们赋有理性和良心，并应以兄弟关系的精神相对待。 </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="泰米尔文学"><span id=".E6.B3.B0.E7.B1.B3.E5.B0.94.E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6"></span>泰米尔文学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：泰米尔文学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E6%8F%90%E4%BC%BD%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" title="西拉巴提伽拉姆">西拉巴提伽拉姆</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E9%AD%AF%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E7%88%BE" title="蒂魯古拉爾">蒂魯古拉爾</a>》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="泰米爾人">泰米爾人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E9%81%94%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="悉達醫學">悉達醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泰米爾語語法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tamil grammar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰米爾語語法（页面不存在）">泰米爾語語法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_grammar" class="extiw" title="en:Tamil grammar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tamil grammar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「淡米爾」是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬</a>譯法，直接譯自淡米爾文發音；中國大陸譯爲<b>泰米爾</b>，臺灣譯爲<b>坦米爾</b>，這兩個譯法都是轉音自英文的Tamil（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ˈtʰæmɪl/</span>）。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">SIL International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tam">Tamil</a>. Ethnologue.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Tamil&rft.au=SIL+International&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Ftam&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tami1289">淡米尔语</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 2.7</a>. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E6%B7%A1%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.btitle=Glottolog+2.7&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Jena&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Ftami1289&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tamilnadu.com">Tamilnadu is a compendium of Tamil culture, heritage and tradition</a>. Tamilnadu.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-09-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200909071535/http://tamilnadu.com/">存档</a>于2020-09-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Tamilnadu+is+a+compendium+of+Tamil+culture%2C+heritage+and+tradition&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Tamilnadu.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftamilnadu.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-東方新聞-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-東方新聞_5-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-東方新聞_5-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">林士粧. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orientaldaily.com.my/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=100293:&Itemid=203">泰米尔小学悲歌（上）　时代变迁园丘没落　全国泰小发展堪忧</a>. 東方新聞. 2014-02-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228050818/http://www.orientaldaily.com.my/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=100293:&Itemid=203">存档</a>于2014-02-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6%E6%82%B2%E6%AD%8C%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%89%E3%80%80%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81%E5%9B%AD%E4%B8%98%E6%B2%A1%E8%90%BD%E3%80%80%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%B0%E5%B0%8F%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%A0%AA%E5%BF%A7&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E5%A3%AB%E7%B2%A7&rft.date=2014-02-15&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orientaldaily.com.my%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_k2%26view%3Ditem%26id%3D100293%3A%26Itemid%3D203&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.languagesdept.gov.lk/">Department of Official Languages</a>, Govt. of Srilanka, <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2012]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106094214/http://www.languagesdept.gov.lk/%20">存档</a>于2019-01-06）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Department+of+Official+Languages&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Govt.+of+Srilanka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.languagesdept.gov.lk%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statutes.agc.gov.sg-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statutes.agc.gov.sg_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=7655e14f-c579-47a2-b7a9-fffc9fea4815;page=0;query=DocId%3A%222cc15e67-cf27-44b1-a736-f28ab8190454%22%20Status%3Apublished%20Depth%3A0;rec=0">Republic of Singapore Independence Act, s.7</a>, <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-22</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140420190129/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=7655e14f-c579-47a2-b7a9-fffc9fea4815;page=0;query=DocId%3A%222cc15e67-cf27-44b1-a736-f28ab8190454%22%20Status%3Apublished%20Depth%3A0;rec=0">存档</a>于2014-04-20）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.btitle=Republic+of+Singapore+Independence+Act%2C+s.7&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatutes.agc.gov.sg%2Faol%2Fsearch%2Fdisplay%2Fview.w3p%3Bident%3D7655e14f-c579-47a2-b7a9-fffc9fea4815%3Bpage%3D0%3Bquery%3DDocId%253A%25222cc15e67-cf27-44b1-a736-f28ab8190454%2522%2520Status%253Apublished%2520Depth%253A0%3Brec%3D0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tamil_Schools-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tamil_Schools_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianmalaysian.com/education.htm">Tamil Schools</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130723150412/http://www.indianmalaysian.com/education.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Indianmalaysian.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKamila_Ghazali2010" class="citation">Kamila Ghazali, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/national-identity-and-minority-languages">UN Chronicle - National Identity and Minority Languages</a>, UN, 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-07-28</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102173228/http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/chronicle/home/archive/issues2010/un_academic_impact/national_identity_and_minority_languages?ctnscroll_articleContainerList=1_0&ctnlistpagination_articleContainerList=true">存档</a>于2012-11-02）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.au=Kamila+Ghazali&rft.btitle=UN+Chronicle+-+National+Identity+and+Minority+Languages&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=UN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fchronicle%2Farticle%2Fnational-identity-and-minority-languages&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFowler1954" class="citation">Fowler, Murray, The Segmental Phonemes of Sanskritized Tamil, Language (Linguistic Society of America), 1954, <b>30</b> (3): 360–367, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/410134"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 410134</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F410134"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/410134</span></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=The+Segmental+Phonemes+of+Sanskritized+Tamil&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.date=1954&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Language&rft.pages=360-367&rft.volume=30&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F410134&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F410134&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> at p. 360.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAndronov1970" class="citation">Andronov, M.S., Dravidian Languages, Nauka Publishing House, 1970</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.aufirst=M.S.&rft.aulast=Andronov&rft.btitle=Dravidian+Languages&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Nauka+Publishing+House&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAbraham2003" class="citation">Abraham, Shinu, Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India, Asian Perspectives, 2003, <b>42</b> (2): 207–223, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fasi.2003.0031"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1353/asi.2003.0031</span></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Chera%2C+Chola%2C+Pandya%3A+Using+Archaeological+Evidence+to+Identify+the+Tamil+Kingdoms+of+Early+Historic+South+India&rft.aufirst=Shinu&rft.aulast=Abraham&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Asian+Perspectives&rft.pages=207-223&rft.volume=42&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fasi.2003.0031&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAnnamalaiSteever1998" class="citation">Annamalai, E.; Steever, S.B., Modern Tamil, Steever, Sanford (编), The Dravidian Languages, London: Routledge: 100–128, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0415100232" title="Special:网络书源/0415100232"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0415100232</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&rft.atitle=Modern+Tamil&rft.au=Steever%2C+S.B.&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.aulast=Annamalai&rft.btitle=The+Dravidian+Languages&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0415100232&rft.pages=100-128&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Caldwell, Robert. 1974. <i>A comparative grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian family of languages</i>. New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corp.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Philipp_Fabricius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Philipp Fabricius（页面不存在）">Fabricius, Johann Philip</a> (1933 and 1972), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/fabricius/"><i>Tamil and English Dictionary</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110616153317/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/fabricius/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. based on J.P. Fabricius <i>Malabar-English Dictionary</i>, 3rd and 4th Edition Revised and Enlarged by David Bexell. Evangelical Lutheran Mission Publishing House, Tranquebar; called Tranquebar Dictionary.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ta:"> Tamil 維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language?uselang=zh">泰米尔语</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731130450/http://www.tamilpadi.com/">Free English to Tamil Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322072847/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=99">UCLA Tamil Profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southasia.upenn.edu/tamil">Tamil Language In Context</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100927053355/http://www.southasia.upenn.edu/tamil">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – A project providing online Tamil lessons, including video lessons.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/book.html">A Reference Grammar of Spoken Tamil</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110624034545/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/book.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20021206125512/http://tamil.berkeley.edu/Tamil%20Chair/TamilClassicalLanguage/TamilClassicalLgeLtr.html">Statement on the Status of Tamil as a Classical Language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100917112251/http://www.ntm.org.in/languages/tamil/default_tamil.asp">National Translation Mission's(NTM) Tamil Pages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tamildictionary.50webs.com">Glossary of Modern Tamil</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200817035534/http://tamildictionary.50webs.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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talk:达罗毗荼语系（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:达罗毗荼语系"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="达罗毗荼语系" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="达罗毗荼语系">达罗毗荼语系</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南部语族</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="泰米尔-卡纳达语支（英语：-&#123;Tamil–Kannada_languages&#125;-）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泰米尔-卡纳达语支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tamil–Kannada languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94-%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰米尔-卡纳达语支（页面不存在）">泰米尔-卡纳达语支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil%E2%80%93Kannada_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Tamil–Kannada languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tamil–Kannada languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡纳达-巴达加" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kannada dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE-%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡纳达-巴达加（页面不存在）">卡纳达-巴达加</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Kannada dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kannada dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="巴达加语">巴达加语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Holiya language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Holiya language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holiya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holiya language（页面不存在）">Holiya</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiya_language" class="extiw" title="en:Holiya language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Holiya language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卡纳达语">卡纳达语</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌拉利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Urali language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌拉利语（页面不存在）">乌拉利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urali_language" class="extiw" title="en:Urali language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Urali language</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">科达古</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kodava language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kodava language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodava_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodava language（页面不存在）">Kodava</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodava_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kodava language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kodava language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库龙巴语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kurumba language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E9%BE%99%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库龙巴语（页面不存在）">库龙巴语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurumba_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kurumba language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kurumba language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马拉雅拉姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malayalam languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马拉雅拉姆（页面不存在）">马拉雅拉姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Malayalam languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malayalam languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Aranadan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aranadan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aranadan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aranadan language（页面不存在）">Aranadan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranadan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Aranadan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aranadan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Beary language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beary language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beary_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beary language（页面不存在）">Beary</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beary_language" class="extiw" title="en:Beary language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beary language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Jeseri" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jeseri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeseri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeseri（页面不存在）">Jeseri</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeseri" class="extiw" title="en:Jeseri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jeseri</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kadar language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kadar language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadar language（页面不存在）">Kadar</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadar_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kadar language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kadar language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Malapandaram language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malapandaram language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malapandaram_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malapandaram language（页面不存在）">Malapandaram</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malapandaram_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malapandaram language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malapandaram language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Malaryan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malaryan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaryan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaryan language（页面不存在）">Malaryan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaryan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malaryan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malaryan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马拉维丹语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malavedan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%B9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马拉维丹语（页面不存在）">马拉维丹语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malavedan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malavedan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malavedan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD" title="马拉雅拉姆语">马拉雅拉姆语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mullu Kurumba language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mullu Kurumba language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mullu_Kurumba_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mullu Kurumba language（页面不存在）">Mullu Kurumba</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullu_Kurumba_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mullu Kurumba language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mullu Kurumba language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paliyan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paliyan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paliyan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paliyan language（页面不存在）">Paliyan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paliyan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Paliyan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paliyan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paniya language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paniya language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paniya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paniya language（页面不存在）">Paniya</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniya_language" class="extiw" title="en:Paniya language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paniya language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ravula language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ravula language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravula_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravula language（页面不存在）">Ravula</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravula_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ravula language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ravula language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">泰米尔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Betta Kurumba language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Betta Kurumba language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betta_Kurumba_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betta Kurumba language（页面不存在）">Betta Kurumba</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betta_Kurumba_language" class="extiw" title="en:Betta Kurumba language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Betta Kurumba language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Eravallan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eravallan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eravallan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eravallan language（页面不存在）">Eravallan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eravallan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Eravallan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eravallan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊卢拉语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irula language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊卢拉语（页面不存在）">伊卢拉语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irula_language" class="extiw" title="en:Irula language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irula language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kaikadi language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kaikadi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaikadi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaikadi language（页面不存在）">Kaikadi</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaikadi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kaikadi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kaikadi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="卡尼卡兰语">卡尼卡兰语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Muthuvan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muthuvan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muthuvan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muthuvan language（页面不存在）">Muthuvan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthuvan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Muthuvan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muthuvan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">泰米尔语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Yerukala language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yerukala language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yerukala_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yerukala language（页面不存在）">Yerukala</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerukala_language" class="extiw" title="en:Yerukala language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yerukala language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">托达-科塔</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" title="科塔语 (印度)">科塔语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="托达语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Toda language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托达语（页面不存在）">托达语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toda_language" class="extiw" title="en:Toda language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Toda language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sholaga language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sholaga language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sholaga_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sholaga language（页面不存在）">Sholaga</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sholaga_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sholaga language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sholaga language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macro-Tulu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bellari language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bellari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellari_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellari language（页面不存在）">Bellari</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bellari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bellari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="科拉加语">科拉加语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E8%AF%AD" title="图卢语">图卢语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kalanadi language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kalanadi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalanadi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalanadi language（页面不存在）">Kalanadi</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalanadi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kalanadi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kalanadi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kumbaran language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kumbaran language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumbaran_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumbaran language（页面不存在）">Kumbaran</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbaran_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kumbaran language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kumbaran language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kunduvadi language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kunduvadi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunduvadi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunduvadi language（页面不存在）">Kunduvadi</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunduvadi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kunduvadi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kunduvadi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kurichiya language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kurichiya language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurichiya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurichiya language（页面不存在）">Kurichiya</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurichiya_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kurichiya language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kurichiya language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Attapady Kurumba language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Attapady Kurumba language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attapady_Kurumba_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attapady Kurumba language（页面不存在）">Kurumba, Attapady</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attapady_Kurumba_language" class="extiw" title="en:Attapady Kurumba language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Attapady Kurumba language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mala Malasar language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mala Malasar language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mala_Malasar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mala Malasar language（页面不存在）">Mala Malasar</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala_Malasar_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mala Malasar language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mala Malasar language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Malasar language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malasar language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malasar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malasar language（页面不存在）">Malasar</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasar_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malasar language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malasar language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Muduga language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muduga language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muduga_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muduga language（页面不存在）">Muduga</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muduga_language" class="extiw" title="en:Muduga language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muduga language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pathiya language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pathiya language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pathiya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pathiya language（页面不存在）">Pathiya</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathiya_language" class="extiw" title="en:Pathiya language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pathiya language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Thachanadan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thachanadan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thachanadan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thachanadan language（页面不存在）">Thachanadan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thachanadan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Thachanadan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thachanadan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ullatan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ullatan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ullatan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ullatan language（页面不存在）">Ullatan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullatan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ullatan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ullatan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Wayanad Chetti language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wayanad Chetti language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayanad_Chetti_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayanad Chetti language（页面不存在）">Wayanad Chetti</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayanad_Chetti_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wayanad Chetti language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wayanad Chetti language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中南语族</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Gondi language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gondi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gondi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gondi language（页面不存在）">Gondi</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Gondi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gondi language</span></a></span>）</span></span> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Madiya language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Madiya language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madiya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madiya language（页面不存在）">Madiya</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madiya_language" class="extiw" title="en:Madiya language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Madiya language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Nagarchal language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nagarchal language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagarchal_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagarchal language（页面不存在）">Nagarchal</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarchal_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nagarchal language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nagarchal language</span></a></span>）</span></span>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kui language (India)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kui language (India)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kui_language_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kui language (India)（页面不存在）">Kui</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kui_language_(India)" class="extiw" title="en:Kui language (India)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kui language (India)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kuvi language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kuvi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuvi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuvi language（页面不存在）">Kuvi</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kuvi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kuvi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Konda language (Dravidian)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Konda language (Dravidian)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konda_language_(Dravidian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konda language (Dravidian)（页面不存在）">Konda</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konda_language_(Dravidian)" class="extiw" title="en:Konda language (Dravidian)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Konda language (Dravidian)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Koya language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Koya language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koya language（页面不存在）">Koya</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koya_language" class="extiw" title="en:Koya language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Koya language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Manda language (India)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manda language (India)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manda_language_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manda language (India)（页面不存在）">Manda</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manda_language_(India)" class="extiw" title="en:Manda language (India)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manda language (India)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pengo language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pengo language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengo language（页面不存在）">Pengo</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengo_language" class="extiw" title="en:Pengo language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pengo language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8D%A2%E5%9B%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="泰卢固语">泰卢固语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中部语族</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科拉米语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kolami language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科拉米语（页面不存在）">科拉米语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolami_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kolami language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kolami language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耐基语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Naiki language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耐基语（页面不存在）">耐基语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naiki_language" class="extiw" title="en:Naiki language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Naiki language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕尔基语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Duruwa language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕尔基语（页面不存在）">帕尔基语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duruwa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Duruwa language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Duruwa language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥拉瑞语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ollari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%8B%89%E7%91%9E%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥拉瑞语（页面不存在）">奥拉瑞语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ollari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ollari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ollari language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ollari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ollari_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ollari language（页面不存在）">Kondekor</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ollari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ollari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北部语族</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%81%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="布拉灰语">布拉灰语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="库鲁克语">库鲁克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8D%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%95%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="绍里亚帕哈里亚语">绍里亚帕哈里亚语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Allar language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Allar language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allar language（页面不存在）">Allar</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allar_language" class="extiw" title="en:Allar language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Allar language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bazigar language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bazigar language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bazigar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bazigar language（页面不存在）">Bazigar</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazigar_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bazigar language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bazigar language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Bharia language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bharia language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharia_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bharia language（页面不存在）">Bharia</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharia_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bharia language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bharia language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Malankuravan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malankuravan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malankuravan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malankuravan language（页面不存在）">Malankuravan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankuravan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malankuravan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malankuravan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Vishavan language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vishavan language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishavan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishavan language（页面不存在）">Vishavan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishavan_language" class="extiw" title="en:Vishavan language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vishavan language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.3em; line-height: 1.2em;"><div><i>斜体</i>表示<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">已经灭亡的语言</a>（不再有母语口语使用者）</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=印度&#124;link=印度_印度语言" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Template:印度语言"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Template talk:印度语言"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:印度语言"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=印度&#124;link=印度_印度语言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度"><img alt="印度" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="印度语言">语言</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="印度官方语言列表">官方语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">全国范围</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="印度英语">英语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="印度宪法">印度宪法</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度宪法第八號附表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E8%99%9F%E9%99%84%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度宪法第八號附表（页面不存在）">第八號附表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India" class="extiw" title="en:Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E9%9B%85%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="印度-雅利安语支">印度-雅利安语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中部 & 古典</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="印地语">印地语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD" title="阿萨姆语">阿萨姆语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="孟加拉语">孟加拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="迈蒂利语">迈蒂利语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥里亚语">奥里亚语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="孔卡尼语">孔卡尼语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="马拉地语">马拉地语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西部 & 西北部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="古吉拉特语">古吉拉特语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="旁遮普語">旁遮普語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="信德语">信德语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北部 & 达利语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="多格拉语">多格拉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克什米爾語">克什米爾語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="尼泊尔语">尼泊尔语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="达罗毗荼语系">达罗毗荼语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卡纳达语">卡纳达语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD" title="马拉雅拉姆语">马拉雅拉姆语</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">泰米尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8D%A2%E5%9B%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="泰卢固语">泰卢固语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="南亚语系">南亚语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="桑塔利语">桑塔利语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="汉藏语系">汉藏语系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="博多语">博多语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="曼尼普尔语">曼尼普尔语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">仅限邦内</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%82%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="昂加语">昂加语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="博杰普尔语">博杰普尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="切蒂斯格尔语">恰蒂斯加尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="加罗语">加罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9A%86%E8%AF%AD" title="古隆语">古隆语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E8%AF%AD" title="霍语">霍语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡玛塔土话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="KRNB lects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%8E%9B%E5%A1%94%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡玛塔土话（页面不存在）">卡玛塔语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRNB_lects" class="extiw" title="en:KRNB lects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">KRNB lects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="卡利亚语">卡利亚语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" title="卡西语">卡西语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="呼罗陀语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Khortha language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%BC%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="呼罗陀语（页面不存在）">呼罗陀语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khortha_language" class="extiw" title="en:Khortha language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Khortha language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廓博罗克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kokborok"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%93%E5%8D%9A%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廓博罗克语（页面不存在）">廓博罗克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokborok" class="extiw" title="en:Kokborok"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kokborok</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="库马利语">库马利语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="库鲁克语">库鲁克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%92%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="绒巴语">绒巴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD" title="林布语">林布语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8F%AD%E9%99%80%E8%AA%9E" title="摩揭陀語">摩揭陀語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%98%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="马嘉尔语">马嘉尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E4%BD%90%E8%AF%AD" title="米佐语">米佐语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E8%BE%BE%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙达里语">蒙达里语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="尼瓦尔语">尼瓦尔语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="基兰特语支">拉伊语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朗普里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rangpuri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%97%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朗普里语（页面不存在）">朗普里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangpuri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Rangpuri language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rangpuri language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨德里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sadri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨德里语（页面不存在）">萨德里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sadri language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sadri language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="夏尔巴语">夏尔巴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E9%87%91%E8%AF%AD" title="锡金语">锡金语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏努瓦尔语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sunwar language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏努瓦尔语（页面不存在）">苏努瓦尔语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwar_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sunwar language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sunwar language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="达芒语">达芒语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="印度语言">主要非官方语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="印度语言">超过100万<br />使用者</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="阿瓦德语">阿瓦德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%A5%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="巴哥里语">巴哥里语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴格里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bagri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴格里语（页面不存在）">巴格里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bagri language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bagri language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴吉卡语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bajjika"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%90%89%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴吉卡语（页面不存在）">巴吉卡语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajjika" class="extiw" title="en:Bajjika"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bajjika</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布希里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bhili language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布希里语（页面不存在）">布希里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhili_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bhili language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bhili language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="邦德利语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bundeli language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A6%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邦德利语（页面不存在）">邦德利语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeli_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bundeli language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bundeli language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="敦达语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dhundari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A6%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敦达语（页面不存在）">敦达语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhundari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Dhundari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dhundari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="嘉华语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Garhwali language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%98%89%E5%8D%8E%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嘉华语（页面不存在）">嘉华语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwali_language" class="extiw" title="en:Garhwali language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Garhwali language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贡德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gondi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A1%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贡德语（页面不存在）">贡德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Gondi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gondi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈拉蒂语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Harauti language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E8%92%82%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈拉蒂语（页面不存在）">哈拉蒂语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harauti_language" class="extiw" title="en:Harauti language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Harauti language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈里亚纳语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haryanvi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈里亚纳语（页面不存在）">哈里亚纳语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanvi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Haryanvi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haryanvi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="康日方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kangri dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康日方言（页面不存在）">康日语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangri_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Kangri dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kangri dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="汗达什语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Khandeshi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%97%E8%BE%BE%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汗达什语（页面不存在）">汗达什语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khandeshi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Khandeshi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Khandeshi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库矛语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kumaoni language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E7%9F%9B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库矛语（页面不存在）">库矛语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaoni_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kumaoni language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kumaoni language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%B4%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="兰巴迪语">兰巴迪语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马尔维语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malvi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔维语（页面不存在）">马尔维语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malvi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malvi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马瓦里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marwari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马瓦里语（页面不存在）">马瓦里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Marwari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marwari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅瓦里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mewari language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅瓦里语（页面不存在）">梅瓦里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewari_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mewari language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mewari language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼玛迪语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nimadi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E7%8E%9B%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼玛迪语（页面不存在）">尼玛迪语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimadi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nimadi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nimadi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="拉贾斯坦语">拉贾斯坦语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="桑巴尔普里语">桑巴尔普里语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏拉杰普里语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Surjapuri language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E6%8B%89%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏拉杰普里语（页面不存在）">苏拉杰普里语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjapuri_language" class="extiw" title="en:Surjapuri language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Surjapuri language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%8D%A2%E8%AF%AD" title="图卢语">图卢语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦格迪语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wagdi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦格迪语（页面不存在）">瓦格迪语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagdi" class="extiw" title="en:Wagdi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wagdi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦哈第方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Varhadi dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦哈第方言（页面不存在）">瓦哈第语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Varhadi dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Varhadi dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="印度语言">10万-100万<br />使用者</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD" title="阿迪语">阿迪语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安格米语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Angami language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%A0%BC%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安格米语（页面不存在）">安格米语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angami_language" class="extiw" title="en:Angami language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Angami language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙森奥语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mongsen Ao language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E6%A3%AE%E5%A5%A5%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙森奥语（页面不存在）">蒙森奥语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mongsen Ao language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mongsen Ao language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="巴达加语">巴达加语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迪马萨语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dimasa language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪马萨语（页面不存在）">迪马萨语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimasa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Dimasa language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dimasa language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈尔比语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Halbi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈尔比语（页面不存在）">哈尔比语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Halbi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Halbi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD" title="卡尔比语">卡尔比语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可达古语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kodava language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E8%BE%BE%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可达古语（页面不存在）">可达古语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodava_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kodava language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kodava language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科拉米语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kolami language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科拉米语（页面不存在）">科拉米语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolami_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kolami language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kolami language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科尼亚克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Konyak language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科尼亚克语（页面不存在）">科尼亚克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konyak_language" class="extiw" title="en:Konyak language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Konyak language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库尔库语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Korku language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库尔库语（页面不存在）">库尔库语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korku_language" class="extiw" title="en:Korku language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Korku language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科雅语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Koya language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科雅语（页面不存在）">科雅语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koya_language" class="extiw" title="en:Koya language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Koya language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奎语 (印度)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kui language (India)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%8E%E8%AF%AD_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奎语 (印度)（页面不存在）">奎语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kui_language_(India)" class="extiw" title="en:Kui language (India)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kui language (India)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库维语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kuvi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库维语（页面不存在）">库维语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Kuvi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kuvi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="拉达克语">拉达克语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛塔语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lotha language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛塔语（页面不存在）">洛塔语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotha_language" class="extiw" title="en:Lotha language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lotha language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8D%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%95%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="绍里亚帕哈里亚语">绍里亚帕哈里亚语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="米辛语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mising language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E8%BE%9B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米辛语（页面不存在）">米辛语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mising_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mising language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mising language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼什语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nishi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼什语（页面不存在）">尼什语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nishi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nishi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波姆语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phom language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A7%86%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波姆语（页面不存在）">波姆语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phom_language" class="extiw" title="en:Phom language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phom language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉布哈语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rabha language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉布哈语（页面不存在）">拉布哈语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabha_language" class="extiw" title="en:Rabha language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rabha language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="须弥语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sumi language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%BB%E5%BC%A5%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="须弥语（页面不存在）">须弥语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sumi language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sumi language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="索拉语">索拉语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="唐克胡尔语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tangkhul language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E5%85%8B%E8%83%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐克胡尔语（页面不存在）">唐克胡尔语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangkhul_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tangkhul language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tangkhul language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔杜语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thadou language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E6%9D%9C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔杜语（页面不存在）">塔杜语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thadou_language" class="extiw" title="en:Thadou language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thadou language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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