CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a57341b065cdb',cH: 'NISKAocUOgPzVe8o4iaDXEzGBmxnq8LqAUu0vJByuzY-1740010929-1.2.1.1-QX_1LLIjht4mzgCKj.6I5Y9jlmKHKzVLmISVVUaPD5.qzU73.bdAg95gvv7sZgjp',cUPMDTk: "\/10011122\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=BUEZ7R.DbdWwkWCfC5rOh4vUjP3ogRzWVcCCO77bHlE-1740010929-1.0.1.1-2HF5M7FFhEZ56yJ8wkebK.i6j8TX6RvYapi_zl_vlpA",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740010929',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/10011122\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=BUEZ7R.DbdWwkWCfC5rOh4vUjP3ogRzWVcCCO77bHlE-1740010929-1.0.1.1-2HF5M7FFhEZ56yJ8wkebK.i6j8TX6RvYapi_zl_vlpA",md: "iL4nBkkSppmv.U3MjDywEfbXYiPQtO_olx8lrcPAoXM-1740010929-1.2.1.1-6sRZ8_Bc.bI5cotb3J_P0IU4U6ELgxgKEs098XUesXlVTvyjJhHcnSfScKVHSWv4tD.nViaS6CzNfxs49U5dIHgtw3gL3c2D4y1Zkw62Y4r6DmeJMQffnzJiw2HgyR8M1V44pbzI_RNJDTYPTPkJbIXZmXn1d9ZoqxquJbDPC5Lj2QQ2T71aUJoeuKlOajyfLaFMnveM2dGvSKTE2QJllJSQhG_7SmMowXEsv7vvSWM1vsAIQYHHNZ5xH.qnpNBHqYFDl9X9UY4W_20SICWwbVq5CV61HEI9Ix3Nq0NS5uybpLBG4ejP8X3zCSgWEifmHeBMozKpZkVYmmMqvIuU4qNBaPrHDLJijrikqB7WJutTtSxHPqsrD44axT0m8jReVTic8wPFC.ZiaLGJ1lIlx0Pm.DD5yi3PIS5hWB3npgklo7u8zXjJNhOZr8UhfeocbBmCIu1A6SmgXBTs1JPDa9Wh0S4VVYkDKrKIScvEkFJcknBdL._KLzkJw9r.OvQCrSpBIzFe_6mGr7SYZR20qLUBXT0AxAZFmF8sFWuesa7vUh6kZ_fik7aDxj9Ln.DDICRUAT7WO96fbG6sPyWMKzcAJQBaNnR6lHgbZXFDo0mu8K0QTS_S9xiG3qVvTBs04qvxLulFtvQI_yl_ZjLB_PSQ.mQPNW3vfWliYyHl1.ssiOrpLA6sInNBaWa8B0.MYM.ZftlWQxZSUQ.W3.yfwx69tMXYvXmfVdjwV9cLuOYkLyOI50vZf8nf_oZzBgQisHqyUmoovvhQWpIoPS8UpPreVaWuVIVbdLxy.jUjqm0aVDmY_.t_jWpjGvXqM.VSn7lsDxbSZhVQ7icv6T4DwDddftLq7g.Mpj3mvfcwJAi3mB_fkYHuE4y4Ru5Z0KQqqiE6lcwSrq9nK0G6x8CWF0wrMHD7GVvdqF9Xf.sGugV.FBqyFdPFscoTCakf9CvlO5nLspxgC0J_OxOMLJxD9kGTBmqCY4FEeHGyG9Y3GsaWKIa.xGo5p1bNd9ANpTBcw6ixVlxbnw85itTp6Vx1GHO94MLXzmu8JvkjRMe4Qmzc5jhM0VNy7nevyAK7YXKCr3LEJmafSJtDNesmPGO2i_ckjfoPhOKIJrnZHwe0HbgFcTJyJ6AsrYcLt8DzKH8HQ578dyCbWvq1sz341sQTW4L1FjMpI.TXL6n.utAuUaygbcUDlz5B_eOXsGnM6q6E1Nwg6suEHc2R0W4MmnEhRRhSBkvlid4F.gw.8gO2APn1x2v.TOXckuoxKJdABBD1LEz0a0j.WixrevkPyVT1JeOxAVPpWULwwy9dKuPkHfhe01ludmjORpKjbJAYSJNtG4jo6Oywm6mU9ua4aIIu6yL5R1gMxSN4GcU2v_TRIBAcZcnWnoPqn71oYg0J4tEsCh8FzgZ.0.xPS4kZlZkSe5PbGEIdEDICF8gobPbWTTYaYtUcPBz10FYjhzfzTtUWwGsJHvAQ2ib2Kz_HmbSF65ntixptydq9jIXYmCDGPWYlS6z1D_31oxPYxA.DeoWoGnaNI_hWEN4YHA8_jyGPOJHQ2a7HTZZkdoLNYfModnOV2i45a9jV2eNEHYfTp5F9F1LEWUYosfYpFJhI51wJyD9HTK6ERVAt7j0AKGWqVD7.Ve8yCqwpW0yLqvRuluRMV7_E10iJHz1DpbIC7wIkl1tbH6c48fafas47zMATV6S8GoFDFECXe99gk3Gp60DALHgHbGs.qKUnVszJ3hI8qKL0MrWTmSVzfVYHxRu495isQiDogaxQt2DFbFn6ybyvJMJpw0i3AtzHpvp37GSihSAOnCgWCKt1iK0kDnpjrMOCul.sD59jAoYbv9xSwEnly9TyUzOfmeY3PbC8bLqxn4I6mI0C9X6JlOWTZIThvo0",mdrd: "T8HXHvmk5phogzB.AWqrtloOYWFLtPGvy74nrY_c2E4-1740010929-1.2.1.1-8SkBvtG_jPpofPRHHTsnTe9NkodkVEIH0kjlYeyu9uuvBZp3M_VrCrKDl_P57vUqFIbrBm5Od1dUkMU63o3p4lyPEoJ62XHh78J6vnMZWHcjzwFpT.QbJitW4SKuf5NlliITaN_hYHbWTQJusJ4r7Bw45cWSp67iTSdO9LfUKgn6kglLoHSbtrvG_WKFpht_4.Ui9TBYPH8dOreU1ZPfn83OeOVHxjq9o_kzoIOkIHDRNcaBWWZCNT9ul.nzf4HtHbppkKmMF.fLdsezHzuWzgE3IcvCd3n6IEMmVet0xXl7kLlrDeZxtglLoeIJPbYDLIzBMB5dDmn3NX.oG7MTxdS5obs033JQnhu4F8FRxmtCv5y5QXeGq09Fmmm1_q3_G.qEjYwKmYr75Z2uZyH2ylTDOumeyA8dhn_pcXjCxHlCMBqyKzrnMI28sH8N1zDstaA2wJcV2r7r2tfw7ajiodlGdnrKE0ak5wgPk4VRQBwvLXI3_ojChKX8WREU0KoRYibn0q0cp4FAs3cdydMHD75HboBHr7uH_A9ruGbJQdCf.iEp8WuUkNrhSh8YkTSLQ5ObcknEhAlYOvEp4iKR0nYugdOKZl2MkO6Lq7nbYBfHg1CTvhQ5vKYdAr9Pk1HjdEBSWg2ar.ezEgBIg6VEbdU_OJN7.McbvSqsF43xbN3.QM8hHnnO19z54QOOA40JM_xY4GTKCDiBHM980zm6hWIHsmaDLuqVnH_wQ.IIJ58miTh7eEbQmHDxd3iX9ugcSBcwwRbjXRpxEVrq6VEc8IIPLdeIQoSmK.zAty8uFFHc6I.BZwI2YlZTHQNayRynWAlSH2rkbeF.Y7YLPx152VcXugH4OIgtkyCi4I5xNL_SAIAgCsFbqyTADE3_wqIGuPGlmcfmSsXj2dGQb700wNQw1TlySJV16cWD3HU5Ggnr.7bGaYA3dQ.9JWj4008tapxl395CIoByID7Qh95OqeYDSA4jCWU4HC.mbktcwA3kLGWvuX2fJ4rsHMkLi5pU47zWawvoS79F.dkfo_PzUlflpl_1Gf3KbPBxN3MWLo8SHwmLz5M_Z5Bb4KGmfhNZt3cKvx3wJOOg_g9vmksu8OuBes6np7hwUt5N4qp8m1Xudq.kktJA_p6h6IaU1MpuB5FhDb8rEgfAXWzEWMU0sLpQup9WDR6X9tsyuqiy.W5x8yXTgczxKaw6igUDVrc6S4kt1hGX_q9.ThLaPDGqts8ZjIGZT0mvw231Xtl2UNYPcaVPKCXgEL7nD6LYhL7lnfA6ScO7J.5NHSgwTAo8hHoECTIoRyqD5667sp3973vjbaeMXn2kfFx0EVTlXpVNBX2V1Fzq41jhGTgUXSWmUY0ajZjg.3Tq9l.DpTzW7wJLIVm3rZDMpc.DB9q9SSCVjLTnrwl32Uq9DkukxV2lwasZY_ER9Nloa4krfisDLhCR4Jkw1bQc7_cp.93ZOkjUcoKUobpfMbK84JR2apyhW07sQO8Y0DgevkGnsx94._VVoF36pf5Yvi_E_9gGRtLT1QyeTTpOPdzBCuB6rf.RiSFwFLO67L8yo0UHrTm1RBiTPRR5EPvsldnxCCvvnyl4XzCzYm4sabjvd0fvBkiNPvlWw7LEVd8h0IkbmI1s3qrKuIlyDyvILbnxGWXfFuwoEbPvh44vijmoGd5cxlRUz1mBMnQYZPYlux235xjP_nrgxo3UoOBLcxOR1D7moCHxaIaxWYHIm0RKzunrSxHkloudEaqSOuyzFytzL94pTL5qDExVD_Dzz_f1bWCOMlBf.W7EvDDvz3zZFAk_nFhXRw4qD6owDXK.5afsWzppiChEfSfrHAJ.cWrLI5nREM3DEvnpwIGA9a_TRN_QCAlV9q7IM0IlzkVwTZJjzWazPs98uqZILPylhsOVEcQ5Cb8Q.k6.30h7_xh0MOEXT1IcSRRAFNh98762YFD5Ge4_Vpm4_R4ss8nM5aDfZ5V0aPktL6Zp87A3QhOcMLQxxXKT7w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a57341b065cdb';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10011122\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=BUEZ7R.DbdWwkWCfC5rOh4vUjP3ogRzWVcCCO77bHlE-1740010929-1.0.1.1-2HF5M7FFhEZ56yJ8wkebK.i6j8TX6RvYapi_zl_vlpA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>