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padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #4F7FD4; border-bottom:2px solid #4F7FD4; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Korean National Youth Association</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">조선민족청년단<br />朝鮮民族靑年團</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KoreanNationalYouthAssociation.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/KoreanNationalYouthAssociation.jpeg/290px-KoreanNationalYouthAssociation.jpeg" decoding="async" width="290" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cd/KoreanNationalYouthAssociation.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="244" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_Jun-sik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee Jun-sik (page does not exist)">Lee Jun-sik</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A4%80%EC%8B%9D_(1900%EB%85%84)" class="extiw" title="ko:이준식 (1900년)">ko</a>]</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">9 October 1946<span class="noprint">; 78 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">9 October 1946</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">20 January 1949<span class="noprint">; 75 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">20 January 1949</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Youth_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Youth Association (page does not exist)">Korean Youth Association</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8" class="extiw" title="ko:대한청년단">ko</a>]</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Liberal Party (South Korea)">Liberal Party</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a><sup id="cite_ref-파시즘_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-파시즘-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a><sup id="cite_ref-오마이_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-오마이-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-오마이_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-오마이-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><b>Factions:</b><sup id="cite_ref-파시즘_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-파시즘-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li><li><b>Factions:</b><sup id="cite_ref-파시즘_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-파시즘-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4F7FD4; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sky_blue" title="Sky blue">Sky blue</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #4F7FD4;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">Politics of South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea" title="List of political parties in South Korea">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Category:Conservatism in South Korea">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea"><span style="color: #FFF;">Conservatism<br />in South Korea</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/90px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/135px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/180px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_corporatism" title="Conservative corporatism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism#State-aligned_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">State-aligned</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#South_Korea" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditional</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hongik_Ingan" title="Hongik Ingan">Hongik Ingan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism#In_Korea" title="Neo-Confucianism">neo-Confucian</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment#North_Korea–South_Korea" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Anti-North sentiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanophilia" title="Japanophilia">Japanophilia</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/New_Right_(South_Korea)" title="New Right (South Korea)">New Right</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Japanophobia</a> <ul><li>"Old Right"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Americanism#South_Korea" title="Pro-Americanism">Pro-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Major_Rivers_Project" title="Four Major Rivers Project">Four Major Rivers Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>Bukjin Tongil</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Defense_Treaty_(United_States%E2%80%93South_Korea)" title="Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–South Korea)">Mutual Defense Treaty</a></li> <li>Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Korea" title="First Republic of Korea">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Republic_of_Korea" title="Third Republic of Korea">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Republic_of_Korea" title="Fourth Republic of Korea">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Republic_of_Korea" title="Fifth Republic of Korea">Fifth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Restoration" title="October Restoration">October Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_National_Reconstruction" title="Supreme Council for National Reconstruction">Supreme Council for National Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taegukgi_rallies" title="Taegukgi rallies">Taegukgi rallies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choe_Nam-seon" title="Choe Nam-seon">Choe Nam-seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Seong-su" title="Kim Seong-su">Kim Seong-su</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Reynolds_Myers" title="Brian Reynolds Myers">B. R. Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Heong-joon" title="Park Heong-joon">Park Heong-joon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Munyeol" title="Yi Munyeol">Yi Munyeol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoo_Seong-min" title="Yoo Seong-min">Yoo Seong-min</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chun_Doo-hwan" title="Chun Doo-hwan">Chun Doo-hwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chung_Mong-joon" title="Chung Mong-joon">Chung Mong-joon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choung_Byoung-gug" title="Choung Byoung-gug">Choung Byoung-gug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwang_Kyo-ahn" title="Hwang Kyo-ahn">Hwang Kyo-ahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Du-han" title="Kim Du-han">Kim Du-han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hoi-chang" title="Lee Hoi-chang">Lee Hoi-chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Jun-seok" title="Lee Jun-seok">Lee Jun-seok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Myung-bak" title="Lee Myung-bak">Lee Myung-bak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Chong-in" title="Kim Chong-in">Kim Chong-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Gu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Gu">Kim Gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Kyu-sik" title="Kim Kyu-sik">Kim Kyu-sik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jin-pyo_(politician)" title="Kim Jin-pyo (politician)">Kim Jin-pyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-pil" title="Kim Jong-pil">Kim Jong-pil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Kyu-sik" title="Kim Kyu-sik">Kim Kyu-sik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Moo-sung" title="Kim Moo-sung">Kim Moo-sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Young-sam" title="Kim Young-sam">Kim Young-sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_Kyung-won" title="Na Kyung-won">Na Kyung-won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_Se-hoon" title="Oh Se-hoon">Oh Se-hoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Geun-hye" title="Park Geun-hye">Park Geun-hye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roh_Tae-woo" title="Roh Tae-woo">Roh Tae-woo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suh_Chung-won" title="Suh Chung-won">Suh Chung-won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ha_Tae-keung" title="Ha Tae-keung">Ha Tae-keung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Sang-hak" title="Park Sang-hak">Park Sang-hak</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties (mainstream)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bareun_Party" title="Bareun Party">Bareun Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)">Democratic Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Justice_Party" title="Democratic Justice Party">Democratic Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Korea_Party" title="Future Korea Party">Future Korea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Korea_Party" title="New Korea Party">Democratic Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Korea_Party" title="Liberty Korea Party">Grand National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Nationalist_Party" title="Korea Nationalist Party">Korea Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Liberal Party (South Korea)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Korea_Party" title="Liberty Korea Party">Liberty Korea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_(South_Korea)" title="National Association (South Korea)">National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Conservative_Party_(South_Korea)" title="New Conservative Party (South Korea)">New Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Korea_Party" title="New Korea Party">New Korea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Future_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Future Party">People's Future Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">People Power Party</a> (present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Korea_Party" title="Liberty Korea Party">Saenuri Party</a> (2012–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">United Future Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties (minor)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_of_Liberty_Party" title="Dawn of Liberty Party">Dawn of Liberty Party</a> (present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Korea_21" title="Free Korea 21">Free Korea 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Democratic_Party" title="Korea Democratic Party">Korea Democratic Party</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Independence_Party" title="Korea Independence Party">Korea Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Party" title="Korean National Party">Korean National Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_National_Participation_Party" title="New National Participation Party">New National Participation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Republican_Party_(2017)" title="Our Republican Party (2017)">Our Republican Party (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Republican_Party_(2020)" title="Our Republican Party (2020)">Our Republican Party (2020)</a> (present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_First_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People First Party (South Korea)">People First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Party_(South_Korea,_2020)" title="People Party (South Korea, 2020)">People Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saenuri_Party_(2017)" title="Saenuri Party (2017)">Saenuri Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_National_Party" title="Unification National Party">Unification National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Liberal_Democrats" title="United Liberal Democrats">United Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo" title="The Chosun Ilbo">Chosun Ilbo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TV_Chosun" title="TV Chosun">TV Chosun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dong-a_Ilbo" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dong-a Ilbo">Dong-a Ilbo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_A_(TV_channel)" title="Channel A (TV channel)">Channel A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JTBC" title="JTBC">JTBC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Korea_Economic_Daily" title="The Korea Economic Daily">The Korea Economic Daily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukmin_Ilbo" title="Kukmin Ilbo">Kukmin Ilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeil_Business_Newspaper" title="Maeil Business Newspaper">Maeil Business Newspaper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maeil_Broadcasting_Network" title="Maeil Broadcasting Network">MBN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Ilbo" title="Munhwa Ilbo">Munhwa Ilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segye_Ilbo" title="Segye Ilbo">Segye Ilbo</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Free_Enterprise" title="Center for Free Enterprise">Center for Free Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Council_of_Korea" title="Christian Council of Korea">Christian Council of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighters_for_a_Free_North_Korea" title="Fighters for a Free North Korea">FFNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Federation_of_Teachers%27_Associations" title="Korean Federation of Teachers' Associations">Korean Federation of Teachers' Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_for_North_Korean_Democracy_and_Human_Rights" title="Network for North Korean Democracy and Human Rights">NKnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanahoe" title="Hanahoe">Hanahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Youth_Association" title="North-West Youth Association">North-West Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Shirts_Society" title="White Shirts Society">White Shirts Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea">Anti-Chinese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaebol" title="Chaebol">Chaebol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chojoongdong" title="Chojoongdong">Chojoongdong</a></li> <li>Controversy over National Foundation Day</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilbe_Storehouse" title="Ilbe Storehouse">Ilbe Storehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_(South_Korea)" title="National Security Act (South Korea)">National Security Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Liberalism in South Korea">Liberalism in South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Template:Liberalism in South Korea">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">Politics of South Korea</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/16px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/24px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Template:Conservatism in South Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Template talk:Conservatism in South Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in South Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%B5(1946.10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%B5%281946.10%29.jpg/220px-%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%B5%281946.10%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%B5%281946.10%29.jpg/330px-%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%B5%281946.10%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%98_%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%B5%281946.10%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Korean National Youth Association (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조선민족청년단</span></span>): Lee Kyung Mo (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">이경모</span></span>), the site of the turbulent period (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">격동기의 현장, 눈빛</span></span>), 1991, 36</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%EA%B2%B0%EC%84%B1%27_%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4_1946%EB%85%84_10%EC%9B%94_12%EC%9D%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%27%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%EA%B2%B0%EC%84%B1%27_%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4_1946%EB%85%84_10%EC%9B%94_12%EC%9D%BC.jpg/220px-%27%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%EA%B2%B0%EC%84%B1%27_%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4_1946%EB%85%84_10%EC%9B%94_12%EC%9D%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%27%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%EA%B2%B0%EC%84%B1%27_%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4_1946%EB%85%84_10%EC%9B%94_12%EC%9D%BC.jpg/330px-%27%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%EA%B2%B0%EC%84%B1%27_%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4_1946%EB%85%84_10%EC%9B%94_12%EC%9D%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%27%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%EA%B2%B0%EC%84%B1%27_%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4_1946%EB%85%84_10%EC%9B%94_12%EC%9D%BC.jpg/440px-%27%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%EA%B2%B0%EC%84%B1%27_%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4_1946%EB%85%84_10%EC%9B%94_12%EC%9D%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption>'Korean National Youth Association was organized (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조선민족청년단 결성</span></span>)', article in <a href="/wiki/The_Dong-a_Ilbo" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dong-a Ilbo">DongA Newspaper</a>, October 12, 1946. It was reported that the government formed Jokcheong to become an activist group for the National Foundation of South Korea by concentrating the will and ability of the young people of <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Korean National Youth Association</b> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">조선민족청년단</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">朝鮮民族靑年團</span></span>) abbreviated as <b>Jokcheong</b> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">족청</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">族靑</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> National Youth) was a neo-fascist, extreme right-wing group founded on October 9, 1946 under the catchphrase 'national branch, national geography', and led by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KNYA had an ideology that intersected fascism and resistance nationalism, which also embraced left-wing youth and was described as a "<a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Way</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-파시즘_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-파시즘-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KNYA's fascism was deeply related to <a href="/wiki/Third-Worldism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-Worldism">Third-Worldism</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">제3세계주의</span></span>), which rejected both <a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a> '<a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>' and <a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a> '<a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Association was a neo-fascist youth group organized by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a>, who was fully sponsored by the U.S. military government in October 1946. It has organized more than 1 million young people, focusing on training young people, and non-political, non-military and non-religious groups. Lee Beom-Seok showed strong nationalist tendencies and actively recruited left-wing figures. The Association served as the basis for Lee's political activities and was disbanded under Rhee's direction in 1949, but later remained in the form of a "congress system," playing a big role in the establishment of the Liberal Party.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Configuration">Configuration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Configuration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was formed in October 1946 by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a> as the parent of the youth movement to succeed the tradition of national spirit. After <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee</a> (first president of South Korea) came into power, it was merged into the Korean National Youth Association (The abbreviation is called Jokcheong 族靑) and disbanded following the consolidation of youth groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doctrine">Doctrine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Doctrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The doctrine of the Korean National Youth Association was called "Danjisamchik (團旨三則).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It meant that "We are determined to fulfill the mission of young people under the ideology of national and national levels by invoking the spirit of the nation". The strove to rally the capabilities of the nation in the spirit of national independence and international co-existence beyond the sect. They said "We aim to face the reality and look to the great place, and to start with the familiar and to give a youthful sense of purity to the founding fathers"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8%EC%86%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8%EC%86%8C.jpg/220px-%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8%EC%86%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8%EC%86%8C.jpg/330px-%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8%EC%86%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8_%ED%9B%88%EB%A0%A8%EC%86%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption><big><b>Korean National Youth Association Training Center</b></big> The photo was taken at the Korean National Youth Association Central Training Center in <a href="/wiki/Suwon" title="Suwon">Suwon</a>. It features five people riding in jeep cars against the backdrop of a tower that reads "Racism, supreme nationalism", the slogan of the Korean National Youth Association.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activation">Activation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Activation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Korean National Youth Association set up a training center in <a href="/wiki/Suwon" title="Suwon">Suwon</a> in November 1946 with the support of the U.S. military government and began a one-month training program for the youth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, the number of applicants for training reached 20,000. 200 of them were selected, and the first batch of trainees was announced in December 1946. From the 7th grade, female senior trainees were also admitted, and the training was divided into five categories: mental, physical, theory, life, and practical departments. In the theory section, more than 20 people, including <a href="/wiki/Jeong_In-bo" title="Jeong In-bo">Jeong In-bo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Ho-sang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Ho-sang (page does not exist)">An Ho-sang</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%98%B8%EC%83%81" class="extiw" title="ko:안호상">ko</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bae_Seong-ryong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bae Seong-ryong (page does not exist)">Bae Seong-ryong</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%84%B1%EB%A3%A1" class="extiw" title="ko:배성룡">ko</a>]</span>, and Sulin, take the lecture for a week and 12 hours, and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a> himself worked on the realization of the reality of his country and ways of a new youth movement, revolutionary views of life, revolutionary ethnicity, and the old-country Salvation Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Korean Youth Association has transformed the characteristics of young people, namely their vitality, passion, desire to seek out, self-consciousness, experience, and purity into the productive forces of youth movement and struggle. Under <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a>'s leadership, the trainees formed a powerful nationwide organization by returning to their respective villages and affiliated organizations to form and strengthen the sub-organization of the Jokcheong branch.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the expansion of the organization, there has been strong criticism from political circles and some in society that it is an extension of the activities of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Liberation Army</a>, an autocratic movement group, and even a mercenary organization.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Korean National Youth Association was formed in December 1951 as a new party, it held an establishment ceremony at Dong-A Theater in <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a> and adopted the platform and constitution, resulting in the creation of two anti-communist parties of the same name. It is the so-called <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Liberal Party (South Korea)">Liberal Party</a>. The pro-opposition Liberal Party was defeated by representative <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee Syng-man</a> as its presidential candidate, and Vice President Lee Beom-seok was defeated, and independent candidate <a href="/wiki/Ham_Tae-young" title="Ham Tae-young">Ham Tae-young</a> was elected in May 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Liberal Party's national convention was supposed to convene within 40 days of the government's election, but the Jokcheong faction was engulfed in unprecedented political infighting as the party was expected to make contributions based on the outcome of the election. The genealogy criticized those who were uncooperative in the elections while launching attacks outside the party. At that time, he accused Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Chang_Taek-sang" title="Chang Taek-sang">Chang Taek-sang</a> and Interior Minister Kim Tae-sun of violating the election law while even declaring a political struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kim Tae-sun resigned as Seoul's special mayor after losing his job while <a href="/wiki/Chang_Taek-sang" title="Chang Taek-sang">Chang Taek-sang</a> stepped down as prime minister after being embroiled in a political maneuver called "the high-profile case".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A national convention led by the Jokcheong faction for purging after the political and non-government elections was held in <a href="/wiki/Daejeon" title="Daejeon">Daejeon</a> in May 1953. It was also said that the contest was the culmination of a religious struggle within the Liberal Party, which led to the self-destruction of the Korean National Youth Association at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee</a> released a statement on the elimination of the Jokcheong faction in September of the same year. In the statement, called "special division," <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee</a> made an unprecedented, tough decision: "There are those in the Liberal Party who are mainly the old generation of the people, who are antagonizing my intentions and harming the unity of the party and putting the spirit of the whole nation at risk, and this should be purged even if they suffer the pain of being a mere".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a> decided on the principle of integration into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Korean_Young_Adults_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Korean Young Adults Association (page does not exist)">Great Korean Young Adults Association</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8" class="extiw" title="ko:대한청년단">ko</a>]</span> and selected five representatives from the Liberal Party. Thus, the following year, in January 1954, the association was finally disbanded, saying, "The merits and demerits of our youth movement will be duly assessed when the Korean people revive".<sup id="cite_ref-조선민족청년단_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-조선민족청년단-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backgrounds">Backgrounds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Backgrounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a> found it most urgent to organize and train young people as the rebel forces of the new country that was liberated from Japanese colonial rule, and created the "congress" with the support of the U.S. military government.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, the U.S. military secretly provided about $5 million in U.S. military equipment and dispatched a U.S. colonel to assist in the formation of the Jokcheong region as a training consultant, thinking that it was necessary to use the youth organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To get rid of the problem, the funds came from the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur</a> Command in Tokyo, Japan, not from the military government. <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">McArthur's</a> command provided everything from vehicle support to uniforms. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahn_Ho-sang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahn Ho-sang (page does not exist)">Ahn Ho-sang</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%98%B8%EC%83%81" class="extiw" title="ko:안호상">ko</a>]</span> provided the rationale for the weasel.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jokcheong had formed a board of directors with <a href="/wiki/Helen_Kim" title="Helen Kim">Kim Hwal-ran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baek_Nak-jun" title="Baek Nak-jun">Baek Nak-jun</a>, Choi Gyu-dong, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyun_Sang-yoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyun Sang-yoon (page does not exist)">Hyun Sang-yoon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%84%EC%83%81%EC%9C%A4" class="extiw" title="ko:현상윤">ko</a>]</span>, and established a center headquarters for the Jokcheong branch in the former Japanese Army Hospital building in <a href="/wiki/Suwon" title="Suwon">Suwon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province" title="Gyeonggi Province">Gyeonggi Province</a>. About 70,000 people were secretly trained at the <a href="/wiki/Suwon" title="Suwon">Suwon</a> training center to avoid Soviet protests. The purpose of education was to become an army in the future. Many of these individuals were incorporated into the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jokcheong was founded on Oct. 9, 1946, but the number increased to 300,000 in November 1947, 1.15 million in August 1948 and 1.2 million in the fall of 1948. In April 1947, when <a href="/wiki/Chi_Ch%27%C5%8Fngch%27%C5%8Fn" title="Chi Ch'ŏngch'ŏn">Chi Ch'ŏngch'ŏn</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a>, returned to Korea and formed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daedong_Youth_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daedong Youth Corps (page does not exist)">Daedong Youth Corps</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%8F%99%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8" class="extiw" title="ko:대동청년단">ko</a>]</span>, he also asked for the merge, but <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee</a> refused to join and entered into a rivalry with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daedong_Youth_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daedong Youth Corps (page does not exist)">Daedong Youth Corps</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%8F%99%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8" class="extiw" title="ko:대동청년단">ko</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics said that Jokcheong is a nationalistic and extremely totalitarian idea.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the general elections of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_Council_of_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitutional Council of Korea (page does not exist)">Constitutional Council of Korea</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A0%9C%ED%97%8C_%EA%B5%AD%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98%EC%9B%90_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" class="extiw" title="ko:대한민국 제헌 국회의원 선거">ko</a>]</span> on May 10, 1948, six people were elected on behalf of the Jokcheong government, and later became powerful enough to form a floor negotiation group. However, the consolidation of youth groups was promoted by President <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee Syng-man</a>'s order to unify all youth organizations from November 1948, and Jokcheong was eventually absorbed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Korean_Young_Adults_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Korean Young Adults Association (page does not exist)">Great Korean Young Adults Association</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8" class="extiw" title="ko:대한청년단">ko</a>]</span> in 1949 after resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a> resisted such a step-by-step proposal to join <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee</a>'s order in the process of absorption with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Korean_Young_Adults_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Korean Young Adults Association (page does not exist)">Great Korean Young Adults Association</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8" class="extiw" title="ko:대한청년단">ko</a>]</span>, Rhee issued a statement on January 5, 1949, and officially called for the dissolution of the Jokcheong Office. On January 20, 1949, the Jokcheong was officially disbanded and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a> was dismissed as defense minister.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, even after the disbandment, the former members of Jokcheong formed a force called the "family Cheonggye" to play a central role in the process of creating a Liberal party, but in December 1953, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a> and his followers were expelled from the Liberal Party.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Conservative Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia" title="Fascism in Asia">Fascism in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At that time, anti-communist left-wing nationalists in South Korea were close to <a href="/wiki/Third_Worldism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Worldism">Third Worldism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_National_Youth_Association&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-파시즘-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-파시즘_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-파시즘_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-파시즘_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-파시즘_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0052039"><bdi lang="ko">조선민족청년단(朝鮮民族靑年團)</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%28%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%9D%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%98%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FItem%2FE0052039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF김2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">김, 기협 (2013-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressian.com/news/article.html?no=68479"><bdi lang="ko">'족청'은 '제3의 길'이었던가?</bdi></a> [Was the Jokcheong the Third Way?]. <i><a href="/wiki/Pressian" title="Pressian">Pressian</a></i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pressian&rft.atitle=%27%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%27%EC%9D%80+%27%EC%A0%9C3%EC%9D%98+%EA%B8%B8%27%EC%9D%B4%EC%97%88%EB%8D%98%EA%B0%80%3F&rft.date=2013-01-18&rft.aulast=%EA%B9%80&rft.aufirst=%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressian.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.html%3Fno%3D68479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=46626&docId=541989&categoryId=46626"><bdi lang="ko">이범석</bdi></a> [Lee Bum Suk]. <i>Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naver+Knowledge+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.nhn%3Fcid%3D46626%26docId%3D541989%26categoryId%3D46626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-오마이-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-오마이_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-오마이_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001826513"><bdi lang="ko">대한민국의 탄생은, 반공산주의이자 반자본주의였다?</bdi></a> [The birth of Republic of Korea was anti-communism and anti-capitalism?]. <i><a href="/wiki/OhmyNews" title="OhmyNews">OhmyNews</a></i> (in Korean). 16 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OhmyNews&rft.atitle=%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98+%ED%83%84%EC%83%9D%EC%9D%80%2C+%EB%B0%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90+%EB%B0%98%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%98%80%EB%8B%A4%3F&rft.date=2013-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohmynews.com%2FNWS_Web%2FView%2Fat_pg.aspx%3FCNTN_CD%3DA0001826513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=46626&docId=548761&categoryId=46626"><bdi lang="ko">조선민족청년단</bdi></a> [Korean National Youth Association]. <i>Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naver+Knowledge+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.nhn%3Fcid%3D46626%26docId%3D548761%26categoryId%3D46626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.naver.com/okinawapark/220408475410">"mensore"</a> [Naver Blog]. <i>mensore : blog.naver.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mensore+%3A+blog.naver.com&rft.atitle=mensore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.naver.com%2Fokinawapark%2F220408475410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muchkorea.tistory.com/914"><bdi lang="ko">조선민족청년단과 철기 이범석</bdi></a> [Korean National Youth Association of Yi Beom-seok]. <i>대한민국역사박물관 블로그</i>. 2016-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%EB%B0%95%EB%AC%BC%EA%B4%80+%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8&rft.atitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%EA%B3%BC+%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuchkorea.tistory.com%2F914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohmynews.com/nws_web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001826513"><bdi lang="ko">대한민국의 탄생은, 반공산주의이자 반자본주의였다?</bdi></a> [The birth of South Korea was anti-communist and anti-capitalist?]. <i><a href="/wiki/OhmyNews" title="OhmyNews">OhmyNews</a></i>. 2013-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OhmyNews&rft.atitle=%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98+%ED%83%84%EC%83%9D%EC%9D%80%2C+%EB%B0%98%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90+%EB%B0%98%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%98%80%EB%8B%A4%3F&rft.date=2013-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohmynews.com%2Fnws_web%2Fview%2Fat_pg.aspx%3FCNTN_CD%3DA0001826513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0015205"><bdi lang="ko">대한청년단(大韓靑年團)</bdi></a> [Korean Youth Corps]. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.atitle=%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%28%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E9%9D%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%98%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FContents%2FItem%2FE0015205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.naver.com/joyjunyi/220878066658"><bdi lang="ko">조선민족청년단과 철기 이범석</bdi></a> [Korean National Youth Association of Yi Beom-seok]. <i><a href="/wiki/Naver_Blog" class="mw-redirect" title="Naver Blog">Naver Blog</a> | 에셀나무홈스쿨의 블로그</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naver+Blog+%7C+%EC%97%90%EC%85%80%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4%ED%99%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%A8%EC%9D%98+%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8&rft.atitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%EA%B3%BC+%EC%B2%A0%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%94%EC%84%9D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.naver.com%2Fjoyjunyi%2F220878066658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.joins.com/article/1329060">"「고시진 사건」의 비화"</a> [The secret story of Go Si Jin]. <i><a href="/wiki/JoongAng_Ilbo" title="JoongAng Ilbo">JoongAng Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean). 1972-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JoongAng+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%EA%B3%A0%EC%8B%9C%EC%A7%84+%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4%E3%80%8D%EC%9D%98+%EB%B9%84%ED%99%94&rft.date=1972-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.joins.com%2Farticle%2F1329060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0004409719"><bdi lang="ko">[역경의 열매] 이승만 (29·끝) 6·25 아픔이 일군 '화해와 평화의 목회'</bdi></a> [Rhee Syng-man (29·End) 6.25 Painful Reconciliation and Peace]. <i><a href="/wiki/Kukmin_Ilbo" title="Kukmin Ilbo">Kukmin Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean). 2010-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kukmin+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%5B%EC%97%AD%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%98+%EC%97%B4%EB%A7%A4%5D+%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%B9%EB%A7%8C+%2829%C2%B7%EB%81%9D%29+6%C2%B725+%EC%95%84%ED%94%94%EC%9D%B4+%EC%9D%BC%EA%B5%B0+%27%ED%99%94%ED%95%B4%EC%99%80+%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94%EC%9D%98+%EB%AA%A9%ED%9A%8C%27&rft.date=2010-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.kmib.co.kr%2Farticle%2Fview.asp%3Farcid%3D0004409719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-조선민족청년단-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-조선민족청년단_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《한국민족문화대백과》, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Index?contents_id=E0052039">조선민족청년단(朝鮮民族靑年團)</a>, 한국학중앙연구원</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=46653&docId=580059&categoryId=46653"><bdi lang="ko">안호상</bdi></a> [Ahn Ho Sang]. <i>Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naver+Knowledge+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=%EC%95%88%ED%98%B8%EC%83%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naver.com%2Fentry.nhn%3Fcid%3D46653%26docId%3D580059%26categoryId%3D46653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Abstracts, pp 198–224". <i>Ophthalmologica</i>. <b>214</b> (3): 198–224. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000027493">10.1159/000027493</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-3755">0030-3755</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202655271">202655271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmologica&rft.atitle=Abstracts%2C+pp+198%E2%80%93224&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=198-224&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202655271%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0030-3755&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000027493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+National+Youth+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img 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