What are White Dwarfs? | Polluted White Dwarfs

<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head>  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,300..800;1,300..800&family=Source+Sans+3:ital,wght@0,200..900;1,200..900&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">  <title>What are White Dwarfs? | Polluted White Dwarfs</title> <meta name="description" content="White dwarfs are the remnants of medium-sized stars that have exhausted their nuclear fuel and shed their outer layers. These dense, compact objects represent..." /> <meta name="keywords" content="">  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/icon" href="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/images/favicon.png" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/css/font-awesome.min.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/css/bootstrap.min.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/css/bootsnav.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/css/style.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/css/responsive.css"> <style> .form-container { margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } input[type="text"] { width: 80%; padding: 10px; margin: 10px 0; font-size: 16px; } button { padding: 10px 20px; font-size: 16px; background-color: #000; color: white; border: none; cursor: pointer; } button:hover { background-color: #4a4a4a; } .results { margin-top: 20px; } h1.heading1 { margin-bottom: 8px; } h2.parent_slug { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 18px; color: #b90606; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; margin-bottom: 10px; } #results, #results a, #results p, #results p a, #results ul li a, #results ol li a { margin-top: 20px; color: #242424; font-size: 18px; } .publication-block { border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 10px 0 0; } .loading { font-size: 18px; color: #555; } .publication-block a { color: #4CAF50; text-decoration: none; } .loading-message { display: none; font-size: 18px; color: #555; margin-top: 20px; } .results1 { padding-top: 10px; text-align: left; } .results1 a { padding: 7px 12px; color: #000; font-size: 12px !important; text-transform: capitalize; border-radius: 2px; margin: 0 5px 5px 0; font-weight: 600; background: none; border: solid 1px #000; margin-bottom: 10px; } .pb-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background: #fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background: #fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000 !important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 17px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 700; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover { color: #227cdc; text-decoration: underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius: 30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius: 30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius: 30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { /* padding: 5px; */ color: #a71c49; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .publication-block a { line-height: 1.5em; } } h1 { font-size: 34px; } #results { text-align: left; } #results p, #results div { margin-top: 10px; } #results a { display: inline; text-decoration: none; color: #343a3f; padding: 0; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; } #results p strong, #results div strong { font-size: 16px; color: #292929; } .qa-container { width: 100%; max-width: 800px; text-align: left; } .qa-item { margin: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5; padding-bottom: 16px; } .qa-item a { text-decoration: none; color: #0073aa; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; font-weight: 400 !important; text-transform: none; } .qa-item a:hover { color: #005177; text-decoration: underline; } .rq-heading { text-align: left; font-size: 22px !important; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 25px; } </style>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P2WPKSP7KX"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P2WPKSP7KX'); </script> </head> <body>  <div id="way2buy_top_banner_1"></div>   <section class="top-area"> <div class="header-area">  <nav class="navbar navbar-default bootsnav navbar-sticky navbar-scrollspy" data-minus-value-desktop="70" data-minus-value-mobile="55" data-speed="1000"> <div class="container">  <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-menu"> <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://theastrophysics.com" title="Astrophysics"><img class="logoimg" alt="Astrophysics" src="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/images/logo.png" title="Astrophysics"></a> </div>   <div class="collapse navbar-collapse menu-ui-design" id="navbar-menu"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right" data-in="fadeInDown" data-out="fadeOutUp"> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com" title="Astrophysics">Home</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/about" title="Astrophysics">About</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/publication-trends" title="Astrophysics - Publications Trends">Publications Trends</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/recent-publications" title="Astrophysics - Recent Publications">Recent Publications</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/expert-search" title="Astrophysics - Expert Search">Expert Search</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/archive" title="Astrophysics - Archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav>  </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </section>  <section> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 art-b mt-50"> <div class="form-container"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/about/index/polluted-white-dwarfs" title="polluted white dwarfs"> <h2 class="text-center parent_slug">polluted white dwarfs</h2> </a> <h1 class="heading1">What are White Dwarfs?</h1> <div id="results"> <div><div><br> White dwarfs are the remnants of medium-sized stars that have exhausted their nuclear fuel and shed their outer layers. These dense, compact objects represent the final stage in the lifecycle of stars like our Sun. Composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter, white dwarfs have masses comparable to the Sun but volumes similar to Earth, resulting in incredibly high densities.<br></div></div> </div> <hr /> <h3 class="rq-heading">Frequently asked queries:</h3> <div class="qa-container"> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-are-white-dwarfs" title="What are White Dwarfs?">What are White Dwarfs?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-does-polluted-mean-in-this-context" title="What Does "Polluted" Mean in This Context?">What Does "Polluted" Mean in This Context?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/how-are-polluted-white-dwarfs-detected" title="How are Polluted White Dwarfs Detected?">How are Polluted White Dwarfs Detected?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-causes-the-pollution" title="What Causes the Pollution?">What Causes the Pollution?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-can-we-learn-from-studying-polluted-white-dwarfs" title="What Can We Learn from Studying Polluted White Dwarfs?">What Can We Learn from Studying Polluted White Dwarfs?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/why-are-polluted-white-dwarfs-important" title="Why are Polluted White Dwarfs Important?">Why are Polluted White Dwarfs Important?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-challenges-exist-in-studying-polluted-white-dwarfs" title="What Challenges Exist in Studying Polluted White Dwarfs?">What Challenges Exist in Studying Polluted White Dwarfs?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-is-the-size-range-in-the-universe" title="What is the Size Range in the Universe?">What is the Size Range in the Universe?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-is-the-role-of-redshift-in-brightness" title="What is the Role of Redshift in Brightness?">What is the Role of Redshift in Brightness?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/how-is-quintessence-modeled-in-theoretical-physics" title="How is Quintessence Modeled in Theoretical Physics?">How is Quintessence Modeled in Theoretical Physics?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/why-is-observational-time-important" title="Why is Observational Time Important?">Why is Observational Time Important?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-instruments-did-hipparchus-use" title="What Instruments Did Hipparchus Use?">What Instruments Did Hipparchus Use?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-is-atmospheric-composition" title="What is Atmospheric Composition?">What is Atmospheric Composition?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-are-the-major-areas-of-research" title="What are the Major Areas of Research?">What are the Major Areas of Research?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-is-temperature" title="What is Temperature?">What is Temperature?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/how-does-nuclear-fusion-occur-in-stars" title="How Does Nuclear Fusion Occur in Stars?">How Does Nuclear Fusion Occur in Stars?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/how-are-black-holes-formed" title="How are Black Holes Formed?">How are Black Holes Formed?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-role-do-wind-patterns-play-in-star-formation" title="What Role Do Wind Patterns Play in Star Formation?">What Role Do Wind Patterns Play in Star Formation?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/what-information-can-we-get-from-each-part-of-the-spectrum" title="What Information Can We Get from Each Part of the Spectrum?">What Information Can We Get from Each Part of the Spectrum?</a> </div> <div class="qa-item"> <a href="https://theastrophysics.com/knowledgebase/how-did-galaxies-and-stars-form" title="How Did Galaxies and Stars Form?">How Did Galaxies and Stars Form?</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="way2buy_left_banner_1" class="rightads"></div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 mt-50"> <style> .qa-container1 { width: 100%; max-width: 800px; text-align: left; } .qa-item1 { margin: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5; padding-bottom: 16px; } .qa-item1 a { text-decoration: none; color: #000; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; font-weight: 500 !important; } .qa-item1 a:hover { color: #005177; text-decoration: underline; } </style> <div class="fl-wrap1"> <div class="widget-title text-left">Follow Us</div> <div class="social-widget"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61563306045476" title="Astrophysics - Facebook" target="_blank"> <div style="color:#3C579C;"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <span class="soc-widget-title">Facebook</span> <span class="soc-widget_counter"></span> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/104119675/admin/dashboard/" title="Astrophysics - Linkedin" target="_blank"> <div style="color:#39A1F8;"><i class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <span class="soc-widget-title">Linkedin</span> <span class="soc-widget_counter"></span> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@theastrophysics_blogs" title="Astrophysics - Youtube" target="_blank"> <div style="color:#E93314;"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <span class="soc-widget-title">Youtube</span> <span class="soc-widget_counter"></span> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/theastrophysics_blog/" title="Astrophysics - Instagram" target="_blank"> <div style="color:#C862DC;"><i class="fa fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <span class="soc-widget-title">Instagram</span> <span class="soc-widget_counter"></span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="fl-wrap1"> <div class="widget-title text-left">Top Searches</div> <div class="tagcloud"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <style type="text/css"> /* code snippet */ .citybg { background-color: #292929; color: #fff; padding: 30px; text-align: left; } .citybg h2 { margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 1.8rem; color: #fff; font-weight: 700; margin-left: 5px; text-align: center; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; } .cities { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; } .cities li { display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; position: relative; } .cities li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ""; position: absolute; right: -5px; top: 5px; height: 67%; width: 0.5px; background-color: #bcbcbc; } .cities a { font-size: 12px; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; padding: 5px; border-radius: 4px; transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease; } .cities a:hover { color: #1b8ecc; } .pnc-partners { width: 100%; background-color: #f8f8f8; padding: 25px 0; } .pnc-partners h2 { margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 1.8rem; color: #000; font-weight: 700; margin-left: 5px; text-align: center; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; } .slider-container { width: 95%; overflow: hidden; position: relative; padding: 0 20px; margin: auto; } .slider-container ul.slider { display: flex; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; transition: transform 0.5s linear; } .slider li.slide { flex: 1 0 16.66%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; } .slide a { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .slide img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; } @media (max-width: 1200px) { .slider li.slide { flex: 1 0 20%; } } @media (max-width: 992px) { .slider li.slide { flex: 1 0 25%; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { .slider li.slide { flex: 1 0 33.33%; } } @media (max-width: 576px) { .slider li.slide { flex: 1 0 50%; } } @media (max-width: 400px) { li.slide { flex: 1 0 100%; } } </style> <div class="pnc-partners"> <h2>Partnered Content Networks</h2> <div class="slider-container"> <ul class="slider">  <li class="slide"><a href="https://cancerscience.net" title="Cancer Science" target="_blank"><img src="https://cancerscience.net/media-partners/cancerscience.png" alt="Cancer Science" title="Cancer Science"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://vaccine-studies.com" title="Vaccine Studies" target="_blank"><img src="https://vaccine-studies.com/media-partners/vaccine-studies.png" alt="Vaccine Studies" title="Vaccine Studies"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://gynecology.blog" title="Gynecology" target="_blank"><img src="https://gynecology.blog/media-partners/gynecology.png" alt="Gynecology" title="Gynecology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://food-nutrition.blog" title="Food Nutrition" target="_blank"><img src="https://food-nutrition.blog/media-partners/food-nutrition.png" alt="Food Nutrition" title="Food Nutrition"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://nursing-science.com" title="Nursing Science" target="_blank"><img src="https://nursing-science.com/media-partners/nursing-science.png" alt="Nursing Science" title="Nursing Science"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://public-health.blog" title="Public Health" target="_blank"><img src="https://public-health.blog/media-partners/public-health.png" alt="Public Health" title="Public Health"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://thepharma.net" title="The Pharma" target="_blank"><img src="https://thepharma.net/media-partners/thepharma.png" alt="The Pharma" title="The Pharma"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://infect.blog" title="Infectious Diseases" target="_blank"><img src="https://infect.blog/media-partners/infectious-disease.png" alt="Infectious Disease" title="Infectious Diseases"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://neurocare.blog" title="Neuro Care" target="_blank"><img src="https://neurocare.blog/media-partners/neurocare.png" alt="Neuro Care" title="Neuro Care"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://catalysis.blog" title="Catalysis" target="_blank"><img src="https://catalysis.blog/media-partners/catalysis.png" alt="Catalysis" title="Catalysis"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://neonatalbiology.com" title="Neonatal Biology" target="_blank"><img src="https://neonatalbiology.com/media-partners/neonatalbiology.png" alt="Neonatal Biology" title="Neonatal Biology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://neonataldisorders.com" title="Neonatal Disorders" target="_blank"><img src="https://neonataldisorders.com/media-partners/neonataldisorders.png" alt="Neonatal Disorders" title="Neonatal Disorders"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://mutation.blog" title="Mutation" target="_blank"><img src="https://mutation.blog/media-partners/mutation.png" alt="Mutation" title="Mutation"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://nanotechnology.blog" title="Nanotechnology" target="_blank"><img src="https://nanotechnology.blog/media-partners/nanotechnology.png" alt="Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://toxicology.blog" title="Toxicology" target="_blank"><img src="https://toxicology.blog/media-partners/toxicology.png" alt="Toxicology" title="Toxicology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://darkbiotechnology.com" title="Dark Biotechnology" target="_blank"><img src="https://darkbiotechnology.com/media-partners/darkbiotechnology.png" alt="Dark Biotechnology" title="Dark Biotechnology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://pollutiontoxicology.com" title="Pollution Toxicology" target="_blank"><img src="https://pollutiontoxicology.com/media-partners/pollutiontoxicology.png" alt="Pollution Toxicology" title="Pollution Toxicology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://cellbiology.blog" title="Cell Biology" target="_blank"><img src="https://cellbiology.blog/media-partners/cellbiology.png" alt="Cell Biology" title="Cell Biology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://bioanalyticalresearch.com" title="Bioanalytical Research" target="_blank"><img src="https://bioanalyticalresearch.com/media-partners/bioanalyticalresearch.png" alt="Bioanalytical Research" title="Bioanalytical Research"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://renaldisorders.com" title="Renal Disorders" target="_blank"><img src="https://renaldisorders.com/media-partners/renaldisorders.png" alt="Renal Disorders" title="Renal Disorders"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com" title="The Astrophysics" target="_blank"><img src="https://theastrophysics.com/media-partners/theastrophysics.png" alt="The Astrophysics" title="The Astrophysics"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://sleepphysiology.com" title="Sleep Physiology" target="_blank"><img src="https://sleepphysiology.com/media-partners/sleepphysiology.png" alt="Sleep Physiology" title="Sleep Physiology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://epidemiology.blog" title="Epidemiology" target="_blank"><img src="https://epidemiology.blog/media-partners/epidemiology.png" alt="Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology"></a></li> <li class="slide"><a href="https://histology.blog" title="Histology" target="_blank"><img src="https://histology.blog/media-partners/histology.png" alt="Histology" title="Histology"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="citybg"> <div class="container"> <h2>Relevant Topics</h2> <ul class="cities"> </ul> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-menu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <p> ©2024 Astrophysics </p> </div> <div class="col-sm-9"> <ul class="footer-menu-item"> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/archive/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/archive/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/archive/terms-and-conditions/">Terms and Conditions</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/archive/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/archive/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li class="scroll"><a href="https://theastrophysics.com/partnered-content-networks" title="Partnered Content Networks">Partnered Content Networks</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <div class="modal fade" id="newsletterModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="newsletterModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="newsletterModalLabel">Subscribe to our Newsletter</h5> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>Stay updated with our latest news and offers related to Astrophysics.</p> <form id="emailForm"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email" required> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Subscribe</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> const slider = document.querySelector('ul.slider'); const slideWidth = slider.querySelector('.slide').offsetWidth; let scrollPosition = 0; let animationFrameId; // Clone slides for seamless loop slider.innerHTML += slider.innerHTML; // Auto-slide functionality function autoSlide() { scrollPosition -= 1; // Small increment for smooth sliding // Reset scrollPosition to create a continuous loop if (Math.abs(scrollPosition) >= slider.scrollWidth / 2) { scrollPosition = 0; } slider.style.transform = `translateX(${scrollPosition}px)`; animationFrameId = requestAnimationFrame(autoSlide); // Store the frame ID for pausing } // Start auto-slide on page load autoSlide(); // Pause auto-slide on hover slider.addEventListener('mouseenter', () => { cancelAnimationFrame(animationFrameId); // Stops the auto-slide }); // Resume auto-slide when mouse leaves slider.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => { autoSlide(); // Restarts the auto-slide }); </script> <script> // Function to show the modal after 10 seconds window.onload = function() { setTimeout(function() { $('#newsletterModal').modal('show'); // Bootstrap's built-in modal show function $(document).ready(function() { // Handle form submission $('#emailForm').on('submit', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); // Prevent the default form submission // Get the email value from the input var email = $('#email').val(); // Simple validation to check if email is entered if (email === '') { alert('Please enter your email address'); return; } // Prepare data to send var formData = { email: email }; // AJAX call to send email data $.ajax({ url: 'https://theastrophysics.com', // Replace this with the actual server URL type: 'POST', data: formData, dataType: 'json', success: function(response) { // Handle success response if (response.success) { alert('Thank you for subscribing!'); $('#newsletterModal').modal('hide'); // Close the modal after success } else { alert('Something went wrong. Please try again.'); } }, error: function(xhr, status, error) { // Handle error response console.error('AJAX Error:', status, error); alert('There was an error processing your request.'); } }); }); }); }, 30000); // 30 seconds delay }; </script>  <script src="https://way2buy.in/banners/ads.php?site=articleblog"></script> <script src="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/js/jquery.js"></script>  <script src="https://theastrophysics.com/assets/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

What are White Dwarfs? | Polluted White Dwarfs