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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مضادات الكولين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مضادات الكولين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticolin%C3%A8rgic" title="Anticolinèrgic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anticolinèrgic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticholinergikum" title="Anticholinergikum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anticholinergikum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticholinergikum" title="Anticholinergikum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anticholinergikum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticolin%C3%A9rgico" title="Anticolinérgico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anticolinérgico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="آنتی‌کولینرژیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنتی‌کولینرژیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticholinergique" title="Anticholinergique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anticholinergique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%BD%9C%EB%A6%B0%EC%A0%9C" title="항콜린제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항콜린제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikolinergik" title="Antikolinergik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antikolinergik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticolinergico" title="Anticolinergico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anticolinergico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אנטיכולינרגיות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטיכולינרגיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticholinergica" title="Anticholinergica – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anticholinergica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E8%96%AC" title="抗コリン薬 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="抗コリン薬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BC%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%DA%A9" title="انټيکولينرجيک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انټيکولينرجيک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinolityki" title="Cholinolityki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cholinolityki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticolin%C3%A9rgico" title="Anticolinérgico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anticolinérgico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticolinergic" title="Anticolinergic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anticolinergic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Холинолитические средства – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Холинолитические средства" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichol%C3%ADnergikum" title="Anticholínergikum – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anticholínergikum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiholinergik" title="Antiholinergik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antiholinergik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiholinergijski_agens" title="Antiholinergijski agens – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Antiholinergijski agens" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiholinergijski_agens" title="Antiholinergijski agens – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antiholinergijski agens" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikolinergit" title="Antikolinergit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antikolinergit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikolinergika" title="Antikolinergika – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antikolinergika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikolinerjik" title="Antikolinerjik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antikolinerjik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Антихолінергічні засоби – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антихолінергічні засоби" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Parasympathetic nervous system inhibitors</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For cholinergic blocking drugs, see <a href="/wiki/Cholinergic_blocking_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholinergic blocking drugs">Cholinergic blocking drugs</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Anti-cholinesterase" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-cholinesterase">Anti-cholinesterase</a>.</div> <p><b>Anticholinergics</b> (<b>anticholinergic agents</b>) are substances that block the action of the <a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">acetylcholine</a> (ACh) <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitter</a> at <a href="/wiki/Synapse" title="Synapse">synapses</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anticholinergic_Agents_2012_p._1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anticholinergic_Agents_2012_p.-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These agents inhibit the <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system" title="Parasympathetic nervous system">parasympathetic nervous system</a> by selectively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptor in <a href="/wiki/Nerve_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve cell">nerve cells</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nerve_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve fiber">nerve fibers</a> of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle_tissue" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth muscle tissue">smooth muscles</a> present in the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract">urinary tract</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lungs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungs">lungs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweat_gland" title="Sweat gland">sweat glands</a>, and many other parts of the body.<sup id="cite_ref-Migirov_Datta_2020_p._3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Migirov_Datta_2020_p.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In broad terms, anticholinergics are divided into two categories in accordance with their specific targets in the central and peripheral nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction:<sup id="cite_ref-Migirov_Datta_2020_p._3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Migirov_Datta_2020_p.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Antimuscarinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimuscarinic">antimuscarinic</a> agents and <a href="/wiki/Antinicotinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antinicotinic">antinicotinic</a> agents (<a href="/wiki/Ganglionic_blockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganglionic blockers">ganglionic blockers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_blockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromuscular blockers">neuromuscular blockers</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "anticholinergic" is typically used to refer to antimuscarinics which competitively inhibit the binding of ACh to <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor">muscarinic acetylcholine receptors</a>; such agents do not antagonize the binding at <a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor">nicotinic acetylcholine receptors</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_junction" title="Neuromuscular junction">neuromuscular junction</a>, although the term is sometimes used to refer to agents which do so.<sup id="cite_ref-Migirov_Datta_2020_p._3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Migirov_Datta_2020_p.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UpToDate_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UpToDate-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anticholinergic drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dizziness" title="Dizziness">Dizziness</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">vertigo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motion_sickness" title="Motion sickness">motion sickness</a>-related symptoms)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms" title="Extrapyramidal symptoms">Extrapyramidal symptoms</a>, a potential side-effect of antipsychotic medications</li> <li>Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcers" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcers">peptic ulcers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">pyloro</a><a href="/wiki/Spasm" title="Spasm">spasm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diverticulitis" title="Diverticulitis">diverticulitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>)</li> <li>Genitourinary disorders (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cystitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cystitis">cystitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urethritis" title="Urethritis">urethritis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prostatitis" title="Prostatitis">prostatitis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">Insomnia</a>, although usually only on a short-term basis</li> <li>Respiratory disorders (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis#Chronic_bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">chronic bronchitis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a> [COPD])</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_bradycardia" title="Sinus bradycardia">Sinus bradycardia</a> due to a hypersensitive <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">vagus nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organophosphate" title="Organophosphate">Organophosphate</a> based <a href="/wiki/Nerve_agent" title="Nerve agent">nerve agent</a> <a href="/wiki/Organophosphate_poisoning" title="Organophosphate poisoning">poisoning</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/VX_(nerve_agent)" title="VX (nerve agent)">VX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">sarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabun_(nerve_agent)" title="Tabun (nerve agent)">tabun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soman" title="Soman">soman</a> (atropine is favoured in conjunction with an oxime, usually <a href="/wiki/Pralidoxime" title="Pralidoxime">pralidoxime</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Anticholinergics generally have <i><a href="/wiki/Antisialagogue" title="Antisialagogue">antisialagogue</a></i> effects (decreasing saliva production), and most produce some level of sedation, both being advantageous in surgical procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the beginning of the 20th century, anticholinergic drugs were widely used to treat psychiatric disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physiological_effects">Physiological effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physiological effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Effects of anticholinergic drugs include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">Delirium</a> (often with <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delusion" title="Delusion">delusions</a> indistinguishable from reality)</li> <li>Ocular symptoms (from <a href="/wiki/Eye_drop" title="Eye drop">eye drops</a>): <a href="/wiki/Mydriasis" title="Mydriasis">mydriasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pupil_dilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pupil dilation">pupil dilation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acute_angle-closure_glaucoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute angle-closure glaucoma">acute angle-closure glaucoma</a> in those with shallow <a href="/wiki/Anterior_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior chamber">anterior chamber</a><sup id="cite_ref-DailyMed_2017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyMed_2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DailyMed_2019_Alcon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyMed_2019_Alcon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DailyMed_2019_Mydriasis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyMed_2019_Mydriasis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhidrosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhidrosis">Anhidrosis</a>, dry mouth, dry skin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">Constipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">Tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_retention" title="Urinary retention">Urinary retention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutaneous">Cutaneous</a> <a href="/wiki/Vasodilation" title="Vasodilation">vasodilation</a><sup id="cite_ref-Migirov_Datta_2020_p._3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Migirov_Datta_2020_p.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Clinically the most significant feature is <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a>, particularly in the elderly, who are most likely to be affected by the <a href="/wiki/Toxidrome" title="Toxidrome">toxidrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Migirov_Datta_2020_p._3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Migirov_Datta_2020_p.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Long-term use may increase the risk of both cognitive and physical decline.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear whether they affect the risk of death generally.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox2014_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in older adults they do appear to increase the risk of death.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Possible effects of anticholinergics include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">Poor coordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">Dementia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Falk2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falk2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Decreased mucus production in the nose and <a href="/wiki/Throat" title="Throat">throat</a>; consequent dry, sore throat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerostomia" title="Xerostomia">Dry mouth</a> with possible acceleration of <a href="/wiki/Dental_caries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental caries">dental caries</a></li> <li>Cessation of <a href="/wiki/Perspiration" title="Perspiration">sweating</a>; consequent decreased epidermal thermal dissipation leading to warm, blotchy, or red skin</li> <li>Increased <a href="/wiki/Body_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Body temperature">body temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mydriasis" title="Mydriasis">Pupil dilation</a>; consequent sensitivity to bright light (<a href="/wiki/Photophobia" title="Photophobia">photophobia</a>)</li> <li>Loss of accommodation (loss of focusing ability, blurred vision – <a href="/wiki/Cycloplegia" title="Cycloplegia">cycloplegia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplopia" title="Diplopia">Double vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">Increased heart rate</a></li> <li>Tendency to be easily startled</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_retention" title="Urinary retention">Urinary retention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">Urinary incontinence</a> while sleeping</li> <li>Diminished bowel movement, sometimes <a href="/wiki/Ileus" title="Ileus">ileus</a> (decreases motility via the <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">vagus nerve</a>)</li> <li>Increased <a href="/wiki/Intraocular_pressure" title="Intraocular pressure">intraocular pressure</a>; dangerous for people with narrow-angle <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Possible effects in the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> resemble those associated with <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a>, and may include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Confusion</li> <li>Disorientation</li> <li>Agitation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphoria" title="Euphoria">Euphoria</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dysphoria" title="Dysphoria">dysphoria</a></li> <li>Respiratory depression</li> <li>Memory problems<sup id="cite_ref-Talan_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Talan-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Inability to concentrate</li> <li>Wandering thoughts; inability to sustain a <a href="/wiki/Train_of_thought" title="Train of thought">train of thought</a></li> <li>Incoherent speech</li> <li>Irritability</li> <li>Mental confusion (brain fog)</li> <li>Wakeful <a href="/wiki/Myoclonic_jerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Myoclonic jerk">myoclonic jerking</a></li> <li>Unusual sensitivity to sudden sounds</li> <li>Illogical thinking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophobia" title="Photophobia">Photophobia</a></li> <li>Visual disturbances <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <ul><li>Periodic flashes of light</li> <li>Periodic changes in visual field</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_snow" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual snow">Visual snow</a></li> <li>Restricted or "tunnel vision"</li></ul></li> <li>Visual, auditory, or other sensory <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a> <ul><li>Warping or waving of surfaces and edges</li> <li>Textured surfaces</li> <li>"Dancing" lines; "spiders", insects; <a href="/wiki/Form_constants" class="mw-redirect" title="Form constants">form constants</a></li> <li>Lifelike objects indistinguishable from reality</li> <li>Phantom smoking</li> <li>Hallucinated presence of people not actually there (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Shadow_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow people">shadow people</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Rarely: seizures, coma, and death</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthostatic_hypotension" title="Orthostatic hypotension">Orthostatic hypotension</a> (severe drop in systolic blood pressure when standing up suddenly) and significantly increased risk of falls in the elderly population<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p>Older patients are at a higher risk of experiencing CNS side effects.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The link possible between anticholinergic medication use and cognitive decline/dementia has been noted in weaker observational studies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there is no strong evidence from randomized controlled trials to suggest that these medications should be avoided, clinical guidelines suggest that a consideration be made to decrease the use of these medications if safe to do so and the use of these medications be carefully considered to reduce any possible adverse effects including cognitive decline.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An acute anticholinergic syndrome is reversible and subsides once all of the causative agents have been excreted. Reversible <a href="/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor" title="Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor">acetylcholinesterase inhibitor</a> agents such as <a href="/wiki/Physostigmine" title="Physostigmine">physostigmine</a> can be used as an antidote in life-threatening cases. Wider use is discouraged due to the significant side effects related to cholinergic excess including seizures, muscle weakness, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, lacrimation, salivation, bronchorrhea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Even in documented cases of anticholinergic toxicity, seizures have been reported after the rapid administration of physostigmine. Asystole has occurred after physostigmine administration for tricyclic antidepressant overdose, so a conduction delay (QRS > 0.10 second) or suggestion of tricyclic antidepressant ingestion is generally considered a contraindication to physostigmine administration.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anticholinergics are classified according to the receptors that are affected: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antimuscarinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimuscarinic">Antimuscarinic</a></i> agents operate on the <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor">muscarinic acetylcholine receptors</a>. The majority of anticholinergic drugs are antimuscarinics.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antinicotinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antinicotinic">Antinicotinic</a></i> agents operate on the <a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor">nicotinic acetylcholine receptors</a>. The majority of these are non-depolarising <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">skeletal muscle</a> relaxants for surgical use that are structurally related to <a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">curare</a>. Several are depolarizing agents.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of common anticholinergics: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><b>Antimuscarinic agents</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipsychotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipsychotics">Antipsychotics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">clozapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-TI113_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TI113-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benztropine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benztropine">Benztropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biperiden" title="Biperiden">Biperiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpheniramine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorpheniramine">Chlorpheniramine</a></li> <li>Certain <a href="/wiki/SSRIs" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRIs">SSRIs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">Paroxetine</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-TI113_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TI113-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicyclomine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicyclomine">Dicyclomine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dicycloverine" title="Dicycloverine">Dicycloverine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimenhydrinate" title="Dimenhydrinate">Dimenhydrinate</a><sup id="cite_ref-TI113_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TI113-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">Diphenhydramine</a><sup id="cite_ref-TI113_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TI113-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">Doxepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxylamine" title="Doxylamine">Doxylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavoxate" title="Flavoxate">Flavoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycopyrronium">Glycopyrronium/-late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscyamine" title="Hyoscyamine">Hyoscyamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipratropium">Ipratropium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitropium_bromide" title="Oxitropium bromide">Oxitropium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybutynin" title="Oxybutynin">Oxybutynin</a><sup id="cite_ref-TI113_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TI113-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">Promethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propantheline_bromide" title="Propantheline bromide">Propantheline bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine hydrobromide">Scopolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solifenacin" title="Solifenacin">Solifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolterodine" title="Tolterodine">Tolterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiotropium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiotropium">Tiotropium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant#List_of_TCAs" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihexyphenidyl" title="Trihexyphenidyl">Trihexyphenidyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropicamide" title="Tropicamide">Tropicamide</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Umeclidinium">Umeclidinium</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Antinicotinic agents</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a> – Ganglion blocker<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24484978_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24484978-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dwoskin2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwoskin2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TasmanKay2011_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TasmanKay2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">Dextromethorphan</a> - Cough suppressant and ganglion blocker<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15356218_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15356218-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16563374_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16563374-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10869398_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10869398-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxacurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Doxacurium">Doxacurium</a> – Nondepolarizing skeletal muscular relaxant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexamethonium" title="Hexamethonium">Hexamethonium</a> – Ganglion blocker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecamylamine" title="Mecamylamine">Mecamylamine</a> – Ganglion blocker and occasional <a href="/wiki/Smoking_cessation" title="Smoking cessation">smoking cessation</a> aid<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubocurarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubocurarine">Tubocurarine</a> - Nondepolarizing skeletal muscular relaxant</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antidotes">Antidotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Antidotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Physostigmine" title="Physostigmine">Physostigmine</a> is one of only a few drugs that can be used as an antidote for anticholinergic poisoning. <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> also counteracts anticholinergics by activating <a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors">nicotinic acetylcholine receptors</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a> (although an <a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">adenosine</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">receptor antagonist</a>) can counteract the anticholinergic symptoms by reducing sedation and increasing acetylcholine activity, thereby causing alertness and arousal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychoactive_uses">Psychoactive uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Psychoactive uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a significant amount of an anticholinergic is taken into the body, a <a href="/wiki/Toxidrome#Anticholinergic" title="Toxidrome">toxic reaction</a> known as acute anticholinergic syndrome may result. This may happen accidentally or intentionally as a consequence of either <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">recreational</a> or <a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">entheogenic</a> drug use, though many users find the side effects to be exceedingly unpleasant and not worth the recreational effects they experience. In the context of recreational use, anticholinergics are often called <a href="/wiki/Deliriants" class="mw-redirect" title="Deliriants">deliriants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plant_sources">Plant sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Plant sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common plants containing anticholinergic <a href="/wiki/Alkaloids" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaloids">alkaloids</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">atropine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine hydrobromide">scopolamine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hyoscyamine" title="Hyoscyamine">hyoscyamine</a> among others) are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atropa_belladonna" title="Atropa belladonna">Atropa belladonna</a></i> (deadly nightshade)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brugmansia" title="Brugmansia">Brugmansia</a></i> species</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Datura" title="Datura">Datura</a></i> species</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garrya" title="Garrya">Garrya</a></i> species</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyoscyamus_niger" title="Hyoscyamus niger">Hyoscyamus niger</a></i> (henbane)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandragora_officinarum" title="Mandragora officinarum">Mandragora officinarum</a></i> (mandrake)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_as_a_deterrent">Use as a deterrent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Use as a deterrent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several narcotic and <a href="/wiki/Opiate" title="Opiate">opiate</a>-containing drug preparations, such as those containing <a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone" title="Hydrocodone">hydrocodone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">codeine</a> are combined with an anticholinergic agent to deter intentional misuse.<sup id="cite_ref-dailymed_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailymed-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include <a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/homatropine" title="Hydrocodone/homatropine">hydrocodone/homatropine</a> (Tussigon, Hydromet, Hycodan), <a href="/wiki/Diphenoxylate/atropine" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphenoxylate/atropine">diphenoxylate/atropine</a> (Lomotil), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrocodone_polistirex/chlorpheniramine_polistirex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrocodone polistirex/chlorpheniramine polistirex (page does not exist)">hydrocodone polistirex/chlorpheniramine polistirex</a> (Tussionex Pennkinetic, TussiCaps). However, it is noted that opioid/antihistamine combinations are used clinically for their synergistic effect in the management of pain and maintenance of dissociative <a href="/wiki/Anesthesia" title="Anesthesia">anesthesia</a> (sedation) in such preparations as <a href="/wiki/Meperidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Meperidine">meperidine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">promethazine</a> (Mepergan) and <a href="/wiki/Dipipanone" title="Dipipanone">dipipanone</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cyclizine" title="Cyclizine">cyclizine</a> (Diconal), which act as strong anticholinergic agents.<sup id="cite_ref-springer_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anticholinergic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Anticholinergic_Agents_2012_p.-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anticholinergic_Agents_2012_p._1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2">"Anticholinergics", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548287/"><i>Anticholinergic Agents</i></a>, Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2012, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31643610">31643610</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-23</span></span>, <q>Anticholinergics have antisecretory activities and decrease nasal and bronchial secretions, salivation, lacrimation, sweating and gastric acid production, and can be used to decrease secretions in allergic and inflammatory diseases. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+subjective%2C+psychomotor%2C+and+physiological+effects+of+a+hydrocodone+combination+product+%28Hycodan%29+in+non-drug-abusing+volunteers&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=146-156&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7835794%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12404072&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00213-002-1245-5&rft.aulast=Zacny&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnticholinergic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharmacomodulation" title="Template:Pharmacomodulation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pharmacomodulation" title="Template talk:Pharmacomodulation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pharmacomodulation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pharmacomodulation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pharmacomodulation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacomodulation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>♦ <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inducer" title="Enzyme inducer">Inducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Inhibitor</a></li></ul> <ul><li>♦ <a href="/wiki/Ion_channel" title="Ion channel">Ion channel</a>: <a href="/wiki/Channel_opener" title="Channel opener">Opener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_blocker" title="Channel blocker">Blocker</a></li></ul> <ul><li>♦ <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">Agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partial_agonist" title="Partial agonist">Partial agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">Antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverse_agonist" title="Inverse agonist">Inverse agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulator">Positive allosteric modulator</a> (PAM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_allosteric_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative allosteric modulator">Negative allosteric modulator</a> (NAM)</li></ul> <ul><li>♦ <a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">Transporter</a> [<a href="/wiki/Reuptake" title="Reuptake">Reuptake</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transport" title="Reverse transport">Efflux</a>]: <a href="/wiki/Reuptake_enhancer" title="Reuptake enhancer">Enhancer</a> (RE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuptake_inhibitor" title="Reuptake inhibitor">Inhibitor</a> (RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Releasing_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Releasing agent">Releaser</a> (RA)</li></ul> <ul><li>♦ Miscellaneous: <a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">see <i><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzyme_inhibition" title="Template:Enzyme inhibition">Enzyme inhibition</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ion_channel" title="Ion channel">Ion channel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">See <a href="/wiki/Template:Channel_blockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Channel blockers">Ion channel modulators</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a> &<br /><a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">transporter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biogenic_amine" title="Biogenic amine">BA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Monoamine_neurotransmitter" title="Monoamine neurotransmitter">M</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Adrenergic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic" title="Adrenergic">Adrenergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_agonist" title="Adrenergic agonist">Adrenergic receptor agonist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpha-adrenergic_agonist" title="Alpha-adrenergic agonist">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-adrenergic_agonist" title="Beta-adrenergic agonist">β</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beta1-adrenergic_agonist" title="Beta1-adrenergic agonist">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta2-adrenergic_agonist" title="Beta2-adrenergic agonist">2</a>))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_antagonist" title="Adrenergic antagonist">Adrenergic receptor antagonist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpha_blocker" title="Alpha blocker">α</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpha-1_blocker" title="Alpha-1 blocker">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2_blocker" title="Alpha-2 blocker">2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">β</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor">Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor</a> (NRI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dopaminergic" title="Dopaminergic">Dopaminergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_agonist" title="Dopamine agonist">Dopamine receptor agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_antagonist" title="Dopamine antagonist">Dopamine receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Dopamine reuptake inhibitor">Dopamine reuptake inhibitor</a> (DRI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Histaminergic" title="Histaminergic">Histaminergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histamine_agonist" title="Histamine agonist">Histamine receptor agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Histamine antagonist">Histamine receptor antagonist</a> (<a href="/wiki/H1_antagonist" title="H1 antagonist">H<sub>1</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H2_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2 antagonist">H<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H3_receptor_antagonist" title="H3 receptor antagonist">H<sub>3</sub></a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">Serotonergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_receptor_agonist" title="Serotonin receptor agonist">Serotonin receptor agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin antagonist">Serotonin receptor antagonist</a> (<a href="/wiki/5-HT3_antagonist" title="5-HT3 antagonist">5-HT<sub>3</sub></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Serotonin reuptake inhibitor">Serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> (SRI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">AA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GABAergic" title="GABAergic">GABAergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GABA_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="GABA agonist">GABA receptor agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABA_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="GABA antagonist">GABA receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABA_reuptake_inhibitor" title="GABA reuptake inhibitor">GABA reuptake inhibitor</a> (GRI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glutamatergic" title="Glutamatergic">Glutamatergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excitatory_amino_acid_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Excitatory amino acid agonist">Glutamate receptor agonist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ampakine" title="Ampakine">AMPA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excitatory_amino_acid_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Excitatory amino acid antagonist">Glutamate receptor antagonist</a> (<a href="/wiki/NMDA_receptor_antagonist" title="NMDA receptor antagonist">NMDA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excitatory_amino_acid_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitor">Glutamate reuptake inhibitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cholinergic" title="Cholinergic">Cholinergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parasympathomimetic_drug" title="Parasympathomimetic drug">Acetylcholine receptor agonist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_agonist" title="Muscarinic agonist">Muscarinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_agonist" title="Nicotinic agonist">Nicotinic</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholinesterase_inhibitor" title="Cholinesterase inhibitor">Cholinesterase inhibitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Acetylcholine receptor antagonist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">Muscarinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_antagonist" title="Nicotinic antagonist">Nicotinic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ganglionic_blocker" title="Ganglionic blocker">Ganglionic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking_drug" title="Neuromuscular-blocking drug">Muscular</a>))</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">Cannabinoidergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">Cannabinoid receptor agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_antagonist" title="Cannabinoid receptor antagonist">Cannabinoid receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_enhancer" title="Endocannabinoid enhancer">Endocannabinoid enhancer</a> (eCBE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor">Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor</a> (eCBRI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioidergic" title="Opioidergic">Opioidergic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_modulator" title="Opioid modulator">Opioid modulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioid receptor agonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_antagonist" title="Opioid antagonist">Opioid receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkephalinase_inhibitor" title="Enkephalinase inhibitor">Enkephalinase inhibitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Adenosine reuptake inhibitor">Adenosine reuptake inhibitor</a> (AdoRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiotensin II receptor antagonist">Angiotensin II receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endothelin_receptor_antagonist" title="Endothelin receptor antagonist">Endothelin receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NK1_receptor_antagonist" title="NK1 receptor antagonist">NK<sub>1</sub> receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_antagonist" title="Vasopressin receptor antagonist">Vasopressin receptor antagonist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzyme_cofactors" title="Template:Enzyme cofactors">Enzyme cofactors</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">Precursor</a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/Template:Amino_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Amino acids">Amino acids</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medical_uses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#ccccff"><div id="Medical_uses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medical uses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_for_functional_gastrointestinal_disorders_(A03)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drugs_for_functional_gastrointestinal_disorders" title="Template:Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drugs_for_functional_gastrointestinal_disorders" title="Template talk:Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs_for_functional_gastrointestinal_disorders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_for_functional_gastrointestinal_disorders_(A03)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs for <a href="/wiki/Functional_gastrointestinal_disorder" title="Functional gastrointestinal disorder">functional gastrointestinal disorders</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A03" title="ATC code A03">A03</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drugs for<br /> <a href="/wiki/Functional_gastrointestinal_disorder" title="Functional gastrointestinal disorder">functional<br /> bowel <br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">Antimuscarinics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary<br /> amino group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camylofin" title="Camylofin">Camylofin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicycloverine" title="Dicycloverine">Dicycloverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difemerine" title="Difemerine">Difemerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihexyverine" title="Dihexyverine">Dihexyverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebeverine" title="Mebeverine">Mebeverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphencyclimine" title="Oxyphencyclimine">Oxyphencyclimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperidolate" title="Piperidolate">Piperidolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rociverine" title="Rociverine">Rociverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimebutine" title="Trimebutine">Trimebutine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaternary ammonium">Quaternary<br /> ammonium</a><br /> compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzilone" title="Benzilone">Benzilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevonium" title="Bevonium">Bevonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphemanil_metilsulfate" title="Diphemanil metilsulfate">Diphemanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenpiverinium" title="Fenpiverinium">Fenpiverinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Glycopyrronium bromide">Glycopyrronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexocyclium" title="Hexocyclium">Hexocyclium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropamide" title="Isopropamide">Isopropamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepenzolate" title="Mepenzolate">Mepenzolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methantheline" title="Methantheline">Methantheline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otilonium_bromide" title="Otilonium bromide">Otilonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphenonium_bromide" title="Oxyphenonium bromide">Oxyphenonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthienate" title="Penthienate">Penthienate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipenzolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipenzolate">Pipenzolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poldine" title="Poldine">Poldine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prifinium_bromide" title="Prifinium bromide">Prifinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propantheline" class="mw-redirect" title="Propantheline">Propantheline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemonium_iodide" title="Tiemonium iodide">Tiemonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timepidium_bromide" title="Timepidium bromide">Timepidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridihexethyl" title="Tridihexethyl">Tridihexethyl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor" title="Phosphodiesterase inhibitor">Phosphodiesterase<br /> inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drotaverine" title="Drotaverine">Drotaverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxaverine" title="Moxaverine">Moxaverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaverine" title="Papaverine">Papaverine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting on<br /> <a href="/wiki/5-HT_receptor" title="5-HT receptor">serotonin receptors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/5-HT3_antagonist" title="5-HT3 antagonist">5-HT<sub>3</sub> antagonists</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alosetron" title="Alosetron">Alosetron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilansetron" title="Cilansetron">Cilansetron</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_receptor_agonist" title="Serotonin receptor agonist">5-HT<sub>4</sub> agonists</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosapride" title="Mosapride">Mosapride</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alverine" title="Alverine">Alverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroverine" title="Caroverine">Caroverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorbenzoxamine" title="Chlorbenzoxamine">Chlorbenzoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diisopromine" title="Diisopromine">Diisopromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine" title="Dimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine">Dimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoverine" title="Fenoverine">Fenoverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenpiprane" title="Fenpiprane">Fenpiprane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idanpramine" title="Idanpramine">Idanpramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isometheptene" title="Isometheptene">Isometheptene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha_piperita" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentha piperita">Mentha piperita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phloroglucinol" title="Phloroglucinol">Phloroglucinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinaverium_bromide" title="Pinaverium bromide">Pinaverium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxazole" title="Proxazole">Proxazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeticone" title="Simeticone">Simeticone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiropramide" title="Tiropramide">Tiropramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepibutone" title="Trepibutone">Trepibutone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethyldiphenylpropylamine" title="Trimethyldiphenylpropylamine">Trimethyldiphenylpropylamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atropa_belladonna" title="Atropa belladonna">Belladonna</a><br /> and derivatives<br /> (<a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">antimuscarinics</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Tertiary amines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscyamine" title="Hyoscyamine">Hyoscyamine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Quaternary ammonium compounds:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine hydrobromide">Scopolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butylscopolamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Butylscopolamine">Butylscopolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylscopolamine_bromide" title="Methylscopolamine bromide">Methylscopolamine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetropium_bromide" title="Cimetropium bromide">Cimetropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentonium_bromide" title="Fentonium bromide">Fentonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylatropine" title="Methylatropine">Methylatropine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prokinetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokinetic">Propulsives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_antagonist" title="Dopamine antagonist">Primarily dopamine antagonists</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alizapride" title="Alizapride">Alizapride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromopride" title="Bromopride">Bromopride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clebopride" title="Clebopride">Clebopride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domperidone" title="Domperidone">Domperidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metoclopramide" title="Metoclopramide">Metoclopramide</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_receptor_agonist" title="Serotonin receptor agonist">5-HT<sub>4</sub> agonists</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinitapride" title="Cinitapride">Cinitapride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisapride" title="Cisapride">Cisapride</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acotiamide" title="Acotiamide">Acotiamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilebopride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilebopride (page does not exist)">Ilebopride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosapride" title="Mosapride">Mosapride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics_(G04B)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics" title="Template:Urologicals, including antispasmodics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics" title="Template talk:Urologicals, including antispasmodics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urologicals, including antispasmodics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics_(G04B)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urologicals</a>, including antispasmodics (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_G04#G04B" title="ATC code G04">G04B</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acidifier" title="Acidifier">Acidifiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">Ammonium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_chloride" title="Calcium chloride">Calcium chloride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system">Urinary</a> <a href="/wiki/Antispasmodic" title="Antispasmodic">antispasmodics</a><br />(primarily <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">antimuscarinics</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darifenacin" title="Darifenacin">Darifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desfesoterodine" title="Desfesoterodine">Desfesoterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emepronium_bromide" title="Emepronium bromide">Emepronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesoterodine" title="Fesoterodine">Fesoterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavoxate" title="Flavoxate">Flavoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidafenacin" title="Imidafenacin">Imidafenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meladrazine" title="Meladrazine">Meladrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabegron" title="Mirabegron">Mirabegron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybutynin" title="Oxybutynin">Oxybutynin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiverine" title="Propiverine">Propiverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solifenacin" title="Solifenacin">Solifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terodiline" title="Terodiline">Terodiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolterodine" title="Tolterodine">Tolterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trospium_chloride" title="Trospium chloride">Trospium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibegron" title="Vibegron">Vibegron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other urologicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">Urea</a> analogues:</i> <a href="/wiki/Acetohydroxamic_acid" title="Acetohydroxamic acid">Acetohydroxamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylhydroxamic_acid" title="Salicylhydroxamic acid">Salicylhydroxamic acid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Other:</i> <a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">Collagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapoxetine" title="Dapoxetine">Dapoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide" title="Dimethyl sulfoxide">Dimethyl sulfoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">Magnesium hydroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentosan_polysulfate" title="Pentosan polysulfate">Pentosan polysulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazopyridine" title="Phenazopyridine">Phenazopyridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenyl_salicylate" title="Phenyl salicylate">Phenyl salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succinimide" title="Succinimide">Succinimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiopronin" title="Tiopronin">Tiopronin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Skeletal_muscle_relaxants_(M03)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscle_relaxants" title="Template:Muscle relaxants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muscle_relaxants" title="Template talk:Muscle relaxants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscle_relaxants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscle relaxants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Skeletal_muscle_relaxants_(M03)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Skeletal <a href="/wiki/Muscle_relaxant" title="Muscle relaxant">muscle relaxants</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_M03" title="ATC code M03">M03</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromuscular-blocking drugs">Peripherally acting</a><br />(primarily <a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_antagonist" title="Nicotinic antagonist">antinicotinic</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromuscular-blocking drugs">NMJ block</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_nondepolarizing_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromuscular nondepolarizing agent">Non-depolarizing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Curare_alkaloids" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">Curare</a> <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcuronium_chloride" title="Alcuronium chloride">Alcuronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyltubocurarinium_chloride" title="Dimethyltubocurarinium chloride">Dimethyltubocurarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubocurarine_chloride" title="Tubocurarine chloride">Tubocurarine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium_muscle_relaxants" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaternary ammonium muscle relaxants">4° ammonium agents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ultra-short duration:</i> <a href="/wiki/Gantacurium_chloride" title="Gantacurium chloride">Gantacurium</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>short duration</i>: <a href="/wiki/Rapacuronium_bromide" title="Rapacuronium bromide">Rapacuronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mivacurium_chloride" title="Mivacurium chloride">Mivacurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candocuronium_iodide" title="Candocuronium iodide">Chandonium</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>intermediate duration:</i> <a href="/wiki/Atracurium_besilate" title="Atracurium besilate">Atracurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisatracurium_besilate" title="Cisatracurium besilate">Cisatracurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazadinium_bromide" title="Fazadinium bromide">Fazadinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocuronium_bromide" title="Rocuronium bromide">Rocuronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecuronium_bromide" title="Vecuronium bromide">Vecuronium</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>long duration:</i> <a href="/wiki/Doxacurium_chloride" title="Doxacurium chloride">Doxacurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyltubocurarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimethyltubocurarine">Dimethyltubocurarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancuronium_bromide" title="Pancuronium bromide">Pancuronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipecuronium_bromide" title="Pipecuronium bromide">Pipecuronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudexium_metilsulfate" title="Laudexium metilsulfate">Laudexium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallamine_triethiodide" title="Gallamine triethiodide">Gallamine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hexafluronium_bromide" title="Hexafluronium bromide">Hexafluronium</a> (Hexafluorenium)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_depolarizing_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromuscular depolarizing agent">Depolarizing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline derivatives</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Suxamethonium_chloride" title="Suxamethonium chloride">Suxamethonium</a> (Succinylcholine)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Polyalkylene derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hexamethonium" title="Hexamethonium">Hexamethonium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine#Release_inhibitors" title="Acetylcholine">ACh release inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">Botulinum toxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle_relaxant#Spasmolytics" title="Muscle relaxant">Centrally acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carbamic_acid" title="Carbamic acid">Carbamic acid</a> esters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carisoprodol" title="Carisoprodol">Carisoprodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclarbamate" title="Cyclarbamate">Cyclarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difebarbamate" title="Difebarbamate">Difebarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febarbamate" title="Febarbamate">Febarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meprobamate" title="Meprobamate">Meprobamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenprobamate" title="Phenprobamate">Phenprobamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styramate" title="Styramate">Styramate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tybamate" title="Tybamate">Tybamate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromazepam" title="Bromazepam">Bromazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonazepam" title="Clonazepam">Clonazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunitrazepam" title="Flunitrazepam">Flunitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorazepam" title="Lorazepam">Lorazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrazepam" title="Nitrazepam">Nitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temazepam" title="Temazepam">Temazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrazepam" title="Tetrazepam">Tetrazepam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonbenzodiazepines" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonbenzodiazepines">Nonbenzodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eszopiclone" title="Eszopiclone">Eszopiclone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thienodiazepine" title="Thienodiazepine">Thienodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etizolam" title="Etizolam">Etizolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quinazoline" title="Quinazoline">Quinazolines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methaqualone" title="Methaqualone">Methaqualone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anticholinergics</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">Antimuscarinics</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobenzaprine" title="Cyclobenzaprine">Cyclobenzaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbaclofen_placarbil" title="Arbaclofen placarbil">Arbaclofen placarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baclofen" title="Baclofen">Baclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormezanone" title="Chlormezanone">Chlormezanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenesin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorphenesin">Chlorphenesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorzoxazone" title="Chlorzoxazone">Chlorzoxazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eperisone" title="Eperisone">Eperisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyramidol" title="Fenyramidol">Fenyramidol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flopropione" title="Flopropione">Flopropione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">Gabapentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid">GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaperisone" title="Inaperisone">Inaperisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanperisone" title="Lanperisone">Lanperisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephenesin" title="Mephenesin">Mephenesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephenoxalone" title="Mephenoxalone">Mephenoxalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxalone" title="Metaxalone">Metaxalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methocarbamol" title="Methocarbamol">Methocarbamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregabalin" title="Pregabalin">Pregabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridinol" title="Pridinol">Pridinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoxolane" title="Promoxolane">Promoxolane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">Quinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silperisone" title="Silperisone">Silperisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocolchicoside" title="Thiocolchicoside">Thiocolchicoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizanidine" title="Tizanidine">Tizanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolperisone" title="Tolperisone">Tolperisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoxazolamine" title="Zoxazolamine">Zoxazolamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle_relaxant#Terminology" title="Muscle relaxant">Directly acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dantrolene" title="Dantrolene">Dantrolene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antiparkinson_agents_(N04)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antiparkinson_agents" title="Template:Antiparkinson agents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antiparkinson_agents" title="Template talk:Antiparkinson agents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antiparkinson_agents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antiparkinson agents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antiparkinson_agents_(N04)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Management_of_Parkinson%27s_disease#Medication" title="Management of Parkinson's disease">Antiparkinson agents</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N04" title="ATC code N04">N04</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dopaminergic" title="Dopaminergic">Dopaminergics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">DA</a> <a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">precursors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levodopa" title="Levodopa">Levodopa</a><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Levodopa/benserazide" title="Levodopa/benserazide">+benserazide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levodopa/carbidopa" class="mw-redirect" title="Levodopa/carbidopa">+carbidopa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone" class="mw-redirect" title="Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone">+carbidopa/entacapone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foslevodopa" title="Foslevodopa">Foslevodopa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa" class="mw-redirect" title="Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa">+foscarbodipa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melevodopa" title="Melevodopa">Melevodopa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melevodopa/carbidopa" title="Melevodopa/carbidopa">+carbidopa</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_receptor" title="Dopamine receptor">DA receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Dopamine_agonist" title="Dopamine agonist">agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Ergoline:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bromocriptine" title="Bromocriptine">Bromocriptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabergoline" title="Cabergoline">Cabergoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroergocryptine" title="Dihydroergocryptine">Dihydroergocryptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisuride" title="Lisuride">Lisuride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergolide" title="Pergolide">Pergolide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Non-ergoline:</i> <a href="/wiki/Apomorphine" title="Apomorphine">Apomorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piribedil" title="Piribedil">Piribedil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramipexole" title="Pramipexole">Pramipexole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropinirole" title="Ropinirole">Ropinirole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotigotine" title="Rotigotine">Rotigotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talipexole" title="Talipexole">Talipexole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_B" title="Monoamine oxidase B">MAO-B</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor" title="Monoamine oxidase inhibitor">inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rasagiline" title="Rasagiline">Rasagiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safinamide" title="Safinamide">Safinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline">Selegiline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catechol-O-methyltransferase" title="Catechol-O-methyltransferase">COMT</a> <a href="/wiki/COMT_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="COMT inhibitor">inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entacapone" title="Entacapone">Entacapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opicapone" title="Opicapone">Opicapone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolcapone" title="Tolcapone">Tolcapone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase" title="Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase">AAAD</a> <a href="/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase_inhibitor" title="Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor">inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benserazide" title="Benserazide">Benserazide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Levodopa/benserazide" title="Levodopa/benserazide">+levodopa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbidopa" title="Carbidopa">Carbidopa</a><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Levodopa/carbidopa" class="mw-redirect" title="Levodopa/carbidopa">+carbidopa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melevodopa/carbidopa" title="Melevodopa/carbidopa">+melevodopa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone" class="mw-redirect" title="Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone">+carbidopa/entacapone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foscarbidopa" title="Foscarbidopa">Foscarbidopa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa" class="mw-redirect" title="Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa">+foslevodopa</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anticholinergics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzatropine" title="Benzatropine">Benzatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biperiden" title="Biperiden">Biperiden</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornaprine" title="Bornaprine">Bornaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenoxamine" title="Chlorphenoxamine">Chlorphenoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycrimine" title="Cycrimine">Cycrimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexetimide" title="Dexetimide">Dexetimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">Diphenhydramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etanautine" title="Etanautine">Etanautine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etybenzatropine" title="Etybenzatropine">Etybenzatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaticol" title="Mazaticol">Mazaticol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metixene" title="Metixene">Metixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenglutarimide" title="Phenglutarimide">Phenglutarimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroheptine" title="Piroheptine">Piroheptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procyclidine" title="Procyclidine">Procyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profenamine" title="Profenamine">Profenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigloidine" title="Tigloidine">Tigloidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihexyphenidyl" title="Trihexyphenidyl">Trihexyphenidyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropatepine" title="Tropatepine">Tropatepine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamantane" title="Adamantane">Adamantanes</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amantadine" title="Amantadine">amantadine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memantine" title="Memantine">memantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rimantadine" title="Rimantadine">rimantadine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_receptor_antagonist" title="Adenosine receptor antagonist">Adenosine receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istradefylline" title="Istradefylline">istradefylline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budipine" title="Budipine">Budipine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases:_asthma/COPD_(R03)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases" title="Template:Drugs for obstructive airway diseases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases" title="Template talk:Drugs for obstructive airway diseases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drugs for obstructive airway diseases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_for_obstructive_airway_diseases:_asthma/COPD_(R03)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs for <a href="/wiki/Obstructive_airway_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstructive airway disease">obstructive airway diseases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">COPD</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_R03" title="ATC code R03">R03</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrenergic drug">Adrenergics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">inhalants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beta2-adrenergic_agonist#Short-acting_.CE.B22_agonists" title="Beta2-adrenergic agonist">Short-acting β<sub>2</sub> agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitolterol" title="Bitolterol">Bitolterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbuterol" title="Carbuterol">Carbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoterol" title="Fenoterol">Fenoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoetarine" title="Isoetarine">Isoetarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirbuterol" title="Pirbuterol">Pirbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procaterol" title="Procaterol">Procaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproterol" title="Reproterol">Reproterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimiterol" title="Rimiterol">Rimiterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">Salbutamol (albuterol)</a><sup>#</sup>/<a href="/wiki/Levosalbutamol" title="Levosalbutamol">Levosalbutamol (levalbuterol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbutaline" title="Terbutaline">Terbutaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulobuterol" title="Tulobuterol">Tulobuterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Long-acting_beta-adrenoceptor_agonist" title="Long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist">Long-acting β<sub>2</sub> agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuterol" title="Bambuterol">Bambuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clenbuterol" title="Clenbuterol">Clenbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formoterol" title="Formoterol">Formoterol</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arformoterol" title="Arformoterol">Arformoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmeterol" title="Salmeterol">Salmeterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Long-acting_beta-adrenoceptor_agonist#Ultra-LABAs" title="Long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist">Ultra-long-acting β<sub>2</sub> agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abediterol" title="Abediterol">Abediterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmoterol" title="Carmoterol">Carmoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol" title="Indacaterol">Indacaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olodaterol" title="Olodaterol">Olodaterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilanterol" title="Vilanterol">Vilanterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clorprenaline" title="Clorprenaline">Clorprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theophylline_ephedrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophylline ephedrine">+theophylline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tedral" title="Tedral">+theophylline/phenobarbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marax" class="mw-redirect" title="Marax">theophylline/hydroxyzine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)" title="Epinephrine (medication)">Epinephrine</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etafedrine" title="Etafedrine">Etafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexoprenaline" title="Hexoprenaline">Hexoprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoprenaline" title="Isoprenaline">Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylephedrine" title="Methylephedrine">Methylephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orciprenaline" title="Orciprenaline">Orciprenaline (metaproterenol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racephedrine" title="Racephedrine">Racephedrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone_dipropionate" class="mw-redirect" title="Beclometasone dipropionate">Beclometasone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamethasone" title="Betamethasone">Betamethasone</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclesonide" title="Ciclesonide">Ciclesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunisolide" title="Flunisolide">Flunisolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Fluticasone propionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone_furoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mometasone furoate">Mometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamcinolone" title="Triamcinolone">Triamcinolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anticholinergics</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">muscarinic antagonist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aclidinium_bromide" title="Aclidinium bromide">Aclidinium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Glycopyrronium bromide">Glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide" title="Ipratropium bromide">Ipratropium bromide</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitropium_bromide" title="Oxitropium bromide">Oxitropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiotropium_bromide" title="Tiotropium bromide">Tiotropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium_bromide" title="Umeclidinium bromide">Umeclidinium bromide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mast_cell_stabilizer" title="Mast cell stabilizer">Mast cell stabilizers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">Cromoglicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedocromil" title="Nedocromil">Nedocromil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xanthine" title="Xanthine">Xanthines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acefylline" title="Acefylline">Acefylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambuphylline" title="Ambuphylline">Ambuphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminophylline" title="Aminophylline">Aminophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamifylline" title="Bamifylline">Bamifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline_theophyllinate" title="Choline theophyllinate">Choline theophyllinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxofylline" title="Doxofylline">Doxofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprofylline" title="Enprofylline">Enprofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamiphylline" title="Etamiphylline">Etamiphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxyphylline" title="Proxyphylline">Proxyphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">Theophylline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eicosanoid" title="Eicosanoid">Eicosanoid</a> inhibition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukotriene antagonist">Leukotriene antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montelukast" title="Montelukast">Montelukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranlukast" title="Pranlukast">Pranlukast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafirlukast" title="Zafirlukast">Zafirlukast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arachidonate_5-lipoxygenase_inhibitor" title="Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor">Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zileuton" title="Zileuton">Zileuton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Thromboxane receptor antagonist">Thromboxane receptor antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramatroban" title="Ramatroban">Ramatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seratrodast" title="Seratrodast">Seratrodast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-xanthine <a href="/wiki/PDE4_inhibitor" title="PDE4 inhibitor">PDE4 inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibudilast" title="Ibudilast">Ibudilast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roflumilast" title="Roflumilast">Roflumilast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others/unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amlexanox" title="Amlexanox">Amlexanox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensifentrine" title="Ensifentrine">Ensifentrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eprozinol" title="Eprozinol">Eprozinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenspiride" title="Fenspiride">Fenspiride</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">Omalizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aclidinium_bromide/formoterol" title="Aclidinium bromide/formoterol">Aclidinium bromide/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone/formoterol" title="Beclometasone/formoterol">Beclometasone/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide">Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide/formoterol" title="Budesonide/formoterol">Budesonide/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budesonide/glycopyrronium_bromide/formoterol" title="Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol">Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate/umeclidinium_bromide/vilanterol" title="Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol">Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_furoate/vilanterol" title="Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol">Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate/salmeterol" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol">Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide/formoterol" title="Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol">Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide">Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol/glycopyrronium_bromide/mometasone" title="Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone">Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indacaterol/mometasone" title="Indacaterol/mometasone">Indacaterol/mometasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide/salbutamol" title="Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol">Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mometasone/formoterol" title="Mometasone/formoterol">Mometasone/formoterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol/budesonide" title="Salbutamol/budesonide">Salbutamol (albuterol)/budesonide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylline/ephedrine" title="Theophylline/ephedrine">Theophylline/ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marax" class="mw-redirect" title="Marax">Theophylline/ephedrine/hydroxyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedral" title="Tedral">Theophylline/ephedrine/phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium_bromide/vilanterol" title="Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol">Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ophthalmologicals:_mydriasis_and_cycloplegia_(S01F)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mydriatics_and_cycloplegics" title="Template:Mydriatics and cycloplegics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mydriatics_and_cycloplegics" title="Template talk:Mydriatics and cycloplegics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mydriatics_and_cycloplegics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mydriatics and cycloplegics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ophthalmologicals:_mydriasis_and_cycloplegia_(S01F)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmologicals</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mydriasis" title="Mydriasis">mydriasis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cycloplegia" title="Cycloplegia">cycloplegia</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S01#S01F" title="ATC code S01">S01F</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anticholinergics</a>/<a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">antimuscarinics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine hydrobromide">Scopolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylscopolamine_bromide" title="Methylscopolamine bromide">Methylscopolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentolate" title="Cyclopentolate">Cyclopentolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homatropine" title="Homatropine">Homatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropicamide" title="Tropicamide">Tropicamide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tropicamide/phenylephrine" title="Tropicamide/phenylephrine">+phenylephrine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sympathomimetic_drug" title="Sympathomimetic drug">Sympathomimetics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyamphetamine" title="4-Hydroxyamphetamine">Hydroxyamphetamine (norpholedrine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibopamine" title="Ibopamine">Ibopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine" title="Phenylephrine">Phenylephrine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine/ketorolac" title="Phenylephrine/ketorolac">+ketorolac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pholedrine" title="Pholedrine">Pholedrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine_receptor" title="Acetylcholine receptor">Acetylcholine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor">Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"><abbr title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors">mAChRs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_agonist" title="Muscarinic agonist">Agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/77-LH-28-1" title="77-LH-28-1">77-LH-28-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC-42" title="AC-42">AC-42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AC-260,584&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AC-260,584 (page does not exist)">AC-260,584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceclidine" title="Aceclidine">Aceclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">Acetylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AF30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF30 (page does not exist)">AF30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AF150(S)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF150(S) (page does not exist)">AF150(S)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AF267B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF267B (page does not exist)">AF267B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvameline" title="Alvameline">Alvameline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AQRA-741&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQRA-741 (page does not exist)">AQRA-741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecoline" title="Arecoline">Arecoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethanechol" title="Bethanechol">Bethanechol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyrylcholine" title="Butyrylcholine">Butyrylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbachol" title="Carbachol">Carbachol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0034&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0034 (page does not exist)">CDD-0034</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0078&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0078 (page does not exist)">CDD-0078</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0097&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0097 (page does not exist)">CDD-0097</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0098&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0098 (page does not exist)">CDD-0098</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0102 (page does not exist)">CDD-0102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevimeline" title="Cevimeline">Cevimeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cis-Dioxolane" class="mw-redirect" title="Cis-Dioxolane">cis-Dioxolane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">Clozapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylclozapine" title="Desmethylclozapine">Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethoxysebacylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethoxysebacylcholine (page does not exist)">Ethoxysebacylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itameline" title="Itameline">Itameline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-593,039&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-593,039 (page does not exist)">LY-593,039</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-689,660&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-689,660 (page does not exist)">L-689,660</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-2,033,298&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-2,033,298 (page does not exist)">LY-2,033,298</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McNA343&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McNA343 (page does not exist)">McNA343</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methacholine" title="Methacholine">Methacholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milameline" title="Milameline">Milameline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscarine" title="Muscarine">Muscarine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGX-267&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGX-267 (page does not exist)">NGX-267</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocvimeline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocvimeline (page does not exist)">Ocvimeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxotremorine" title="Oxotremorine">Oxotremorine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PD-151,832&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PD-151,832 (page does not exist)">PD-151,832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilocarpine" title="Pilocarpine">Pilocarpine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS86 (page does not exist)">RS86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabcomeline" title="Sabcomeline">Sabcomeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDZ_210-086&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDZ 210-086 (page does not exist)">SDZ 210-086</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebacylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebacylcholine (page does not exist)">Sebacylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suberyldicholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suberyldicholine (page does not exist)">Suberyldicholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talsaclidine" title="Talsaclidine">Talsaclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazomeline" title="Tazomeline">Tazomeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiopilocarpine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiopilocarpine (page does not exist)">Thiopilocarpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaclidine" title="Vedaclidine">Vedaclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VU-0029767&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VU-0029767 (page does not exist)">VU-0029767</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VU-0090157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VU-0090157 (page does not exist)">VU-0090157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VU-0152099" title="VU-0152099">VU-0152099</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VU-0152100" title="VU-0152100">VU-0152100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VU-0238429" title="VU-0238429">VU-0238429</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WAY-132,983&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WAY-132,983 (page does not exist)">WAY-132,983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanomeline" title="Xanomeline">Xanomeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YM-796&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YM-796 (page does not exist)">YM-796</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">Antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-Quinuclidinyl_benzilate" title="3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate">3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-DAMP" title="4-DAMP">4-DAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aclidinium_bromide" title="Aclidinium bromide">Aclidinium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aclidinium_bromide/formoterol" title="Aclidinium bromide/formoterol">+formoterol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abediterol" title="Abediterol">Abediterol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AF-DX_250&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF-DX 250 (page does not exist)">AF-DX 250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFDX-384" title="AFDX-384">AF-DX 384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambutonium_bromide" title="Ambutonium bromide">Ambutonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisodamine" title="Anisodamine">Anisodamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisodine" title="Anisodine">Anisodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-generation_antihistamine" class="mw-redirect" title="First-generation antihistamine">Antihistamines (first-generation)</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Brompheniramine" title="Brompheniramine">brompheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buclizine" title="Buclizine">buclizine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captodiame" title="Captodiame">captodiame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorphenamine" title="Chlorphenamine">chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnarizine" title="Cinnarizine">cinnarizine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clemastine" title="Clemastine">clemastine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyproheptadine" title="Cyproheptadine">cyproheptadine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimenhydrinate" title="Dimenhydrinate">dimenhydrinate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimetindene" title="Dimetindene">dimetindene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">diphenhydramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doxylamine" title="Doxylamine">doxylamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meclizine" title="Meclizine">meclizine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mequitazine" title="Mequitazine">mequitazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perlapine" title="Perlapine">perlapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenindamine" title="Phenindamine">phenindamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pheniramine" title="Pheniramine">pheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenyltoloxamine" title="Phenyltoloxamine">phenyltoloxamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">promethazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propiomazine" title="Propiomazine">propiomazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triprolidine" title="Triprolidine">triprolidine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AQ-RA_741&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQ-RA 741 (page does not exist)">AQ-RA 741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropine_methonitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Atropine methonitrate">Atropine methonitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">clozapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluperlapine" title="Fluperlapine">fluperlapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Olanzapine/fluoxetine" title="Olanzapine/fluoxetine">+fluoxetine</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rilapine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rilapine (page does not exist)">rilapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenilapine" title="Tenilapine">tenilapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zotepine" title="Zotepine">zotepine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benactyzine" title="Benactyzine">Benactyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzatropine" title="Benzatropine">Benzatropine (benztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzilone" title="Benzilone">Benzilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzilylcholine_mustard" title="Benzilylcholine mustard">Benzilylcholine mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzydamine" title="Benzydamine">Benzydamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevonium" title="Bevonium">Bevonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BIBN_99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BIBN 99 (page does not exist)">BIBN 99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biperiden" title="Biperiden">Biperiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornaprine" title="Bornaprine">Bornaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camylofin" title="Camylofin">Camylofin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-226,086" title="CAR-226,086">CAR-226,086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-301,060" title="CAR-301,060">CAR-301,060</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-302,196" title="CAR-302,196">CAR-302,196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-302,282" title="CAR-302,282">CAR-302,282</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAR-302,368&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAR-302,368 (page does not exist)">CAR-302,368</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAR-302,537&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAR-302,537 (page does not exist)">CAR-302,537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-302,668" title="CAR-302,668">CAR-302,668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramiphen" title="Caramiphen">Caramiphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetropium_bromide" title="Cimetropium bromide">Cimetropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clidinium_bromide" title="Clidinium bromide">Clidinium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloperastine" title="Cloperastine">Cloperastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS-27349" title="CS-27349">CS-27349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobenzaprine" title="Cyclobenzaprine">Cyclobenzaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentolate" title="Cyclopentolate">Cyclopentolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darifenacin" title="Darifenacin">Darifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DAU-5884&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DAU-5884 (page does not exist)">DAU-5884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desfesoterodine" title="Desfesoterodine">Desfesoterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexetimide" title="Dexetimide">Dexetimide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIBD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIBD (page does not exist)">DIBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicycloverine" title="Dicycloverine">Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihexyverine" title="Dihexyverine">Dihexyverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difemerine" title="Difemerine">Difemerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphemanil_metilsulfate" title="Diphemanil metilsulfate">Diphemanil metilsulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditran" title="Ditran">Ditran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drofenine" title="Drofenine">Drofenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3167" title="EA-3167">EA-3167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3443" title="EA-3443">EA-3443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3580" title="EA-3580">EA-3580</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3834" title="EA-3834">EA-3834</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emepronium_bromide" title="Emepronium bromide">Emepronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etanautine" title="Etanautine">Etanautine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etybenzatropine" title="Etybenzatropine">Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenpiverinium" title="Fenpiverinium">Fenpiverinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentonium_bromide" title="Fentonium bromide">Fentonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesoterodine" title="Fesoterodine">Fesoterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavoxate" title="Flavoxate">Flavoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Glycopyrronium bromide">Glycopyrronium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide">+beclometasone/formoterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indacaterol/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide">+indacaterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neostigmine/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Neostigmine/glycopyrronium bromide">+neostigmine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexahydrodifenidol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexahydrodifenidol (page does not exist)">Hexahydrodifenidol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexahydrosiladifenidol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexahydrosiladifenidol (page does not exist)">Hexahydrosiladifenidol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexbutinol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexbutinol (page does not exist)">Hexbutinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexocyclium" title="Hexocyclium">Hexocyclium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbacine" title="Himbacine">Himbacine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HL-031,120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HL-031,120 (page does not exist)">HL-031,120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homatropine" title="Homatropine">Homatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidafenacin" title="Imidafenacin">Imidafenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide" title="Ipratropium bromide">Ipratropium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide/salbutamol" title="Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol">+salbutamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropamide" title="Isopropamide">Isopropamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J-104,129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J-104,129 (page does not exist)">J-104,129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscyamine" title="Hyoscyamine">Hyoscyamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamba#Mamba_toxins" title="Mamba">Mamba toxin 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamba#Mamba_toxins" title="Mamba">Mamba toxin 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaticol" title="Mazaticol">Mazaticol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebeverine" title="Mebeverine">Mebeverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meladrazine" title="Meladrazine">Meladrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepenzolate" title="Mepenzolate">Mepenzolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methantheline" title="Methantheline">Methantheline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoctramine" title="Methoctramine">Methoctramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylatropine" title="Methylatropine">Methylatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylhomatropine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylhomatropine">Methylhomatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylscopolamine_bromide" title="Methylscopolamine bromide">Methylscopolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metixene" title="Metixene">Metixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_toxin_7" title="Muscarinic toxin 7">Muscarinic toxin 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl_benzilate" title="N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate">N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methyl-3-piperidyl_benzilate" title="N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate">N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octatropine_methylbromide" title="Octatropine methylbromide">Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otenzepad" title="Otenzepad">Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otilonium_bromide" title="Otilonium bromide">Otilonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxapium_iodide" title="Oxapium iodide">Oxapium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitropium_bromide" title="Oxitropium bromide">Oxitropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybutynin" title="Oxybutynin">Oxybutynin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphencyclimine" title="Oxyphencyclimine">Oxyphencyclimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphenonium_bromide" title="Oxyphenonium bromide">Oxyphenonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PBID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PBID (page does not exist)">PBID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PD-102,807" title="PD-102,807">PD-102,807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PD-0298029" title="PD-0298029">PD-0298029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthienate" title="Penthienate">Penthienate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">Pethidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PFHHSiD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PFHHSiD (page does not exist)">pFHHSiD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenglutarimide" title="Phenglutarimide">Phenglutarimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenyltoloxamine" title="Phenyltoloxamine">Phenyltoloxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipenzolate_bromide" title="Pipenzolate bromide">Pipenzolate bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperidolate" title="Piperidolate">Piperidolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirenzepine" title="Pirenzepine">Pirenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroheptine" title="Piroheptine">Piroheptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizotifen" title="Pizotifen">Pizotifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poldine" title="Poldine">Poldine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridinol" title="Pridinol">Pridinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prifinium_bromide" title="Prifinium bromide">Prifinium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procyclidine" title="Procyclidine">Procyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profenamine" title="Profenamine">Profenamine (ethopropazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propantheline_bromide" title="Propantheline bromide">Propantheline bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiverine" title="Propiverine">Propiverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinidine" title="Quinidine">Quinidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Quinuclidinyl_thiochromane-4-carboxylate" title="3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate">3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revefenacin" title="Revefenacin">Revefenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rociverine" title="Rociverine">Rociverine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-47,213&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-47,213 (page does not exist)">RU-47,213</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-57,790&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-57,790 (page does not exist)">SCH-57,790</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-72,788&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-72,788 (page does not exist)">SCH-72,788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-217,443&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-217,443 (page does not exist)">SCH-217,443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine">Scopolamine (hyoscine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_butylbromide" title="Hyoscine butylbromide">Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silahexacyclium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silahexacyclium (page does not exist)">Silahexacyclium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofpironium_bromide" title="Sofpironium bromide">Sofpironium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solifenacin" title="Solifenacin">Solifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors">SSRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</span> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Femoxetine" title="Femoxetine">femoxetine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenzepine" title="Telenzepine">Telenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terodiline" title="Terodiline">Terodiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressant" title="Tetracyclic antidepressant">Tetracyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">amoxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">maprotiline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">mianserin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">mirtazapine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemonium_iodide" title="Tiemonium iodide">Tiemonium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timepidium_bromide" title="Timepidium bromide">Timepidium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiotropium_bromide" title="Tiotropium bromide">Tiotropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiquizium_bromide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiquizium bromide (page does not exist)">Tiquizium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofenacin" title="Tofenacin">Tofenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolterodine" title="Tolterodine">Tolterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline/perphenazine" title="Amitriptyline/perphenazine">+perphenazine</a>), <a href="/wiki/Amitriptylinoxide" title="Amitriptylinoxide">amitriptylinoxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butriptyline" title="Butriptyline">butriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cidoxepin" title="Cidoxepin">cidoxepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">desipramine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desmethyldesipramine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desmethyldesipramine (page does not exist)">desmethyldesipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dibenzepin" title="Dibenzepin">dibenzepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">dosulepin (dothiepin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">doxepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">lofepramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitroxazepine" title="Nitroxazepine">nitroxazepine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northiaden" title="Northiaden">northiaden (desmethyldosulepin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">nortriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">protriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quinupramine" title="Quinupramine">quinupramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">trimipramine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridihexethyl" title="Tridihexethyl">Tridihexethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihexyphenidyl" title="Trihexyphenidyl">Trihexyphenidyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimebutine" title="Trimebutine">Trimebutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripitamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripitamine">Tripitamine (tripitramine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropacine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropacine (page does not exist)">Tropacine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropatepine" title="Tropatepine">Tropatepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropicamide" title="Tropicamide">Tropicamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trospium_chloride" title="Trospium chloride">Trospium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typical_antipsychotic" title="Typical antipsychotic">Typical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">chlorpromazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorprothixene" title="Chlorprothixene">chlorprothixene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyamemazine" title="Cyamemazine">cyamemazine (cyamepromazine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesoridazine" title="Mesoridazine">mesoridazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thioridazine" title="Thioridazine">thioridazine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium_bromide" title="Umeclidinium bromide">Umeclidinium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium_bromide/vilanterol" title="Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol">+vilanterol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN-2299" title="WIN-2299">WIN-2299</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanomeline" title="Xanomeline">Xanomeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zamifenacin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zamifenacin (page does not exist)">Zamifenacin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">Precursors</a><br /><small>(and <a href="/wiki/Prodrug" title="Prodrug">prodrugs</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl-coA" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetyl-coA">Acetyl-coA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adafenoxate" title="Adafenoxate">Adafenoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lecithin" title="Lecithin">lecithin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citicoline" title="Citicoline">Citicoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodenate" title="Cyprodenate">Cyprodenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylethanolamine" title="Dimethylethanolamine">Dimethylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycerophosphocholine" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerophosphocholine">Glycerophosphocholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenoxate" title="Meclofenoxate">Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylcholine" title="Phosphatidylcholine">Phosphatidylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine">Phosphatidylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorylcholine" title="Phosphorylcholine">Phosphorylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirisudanol" title="Pirisudanol">Pirisudanol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators">Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Template:Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators">Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor">Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors"><abbr title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors">nAChRs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Receptor agonist">Agonists</a><br />(and <a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulators"><abbr title="positive allosteric modulators">PAMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip positive allosteric modulators</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5-Hydroxyindoleacetic_acid" title="5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid">5-HIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-Chloronicotine" title="6-Chloronicotine">6-Chloronicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-84,543" title="A-84,543">A-84,543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-366,833" title="A-366,833">A-366,833</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-582,941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-582,941 (page does not exist)">A-582,941</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-867,744&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-867,744 (page does not exist)">A-867,744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT-202" title="ABT-202">ABT-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT-418" title="ABT-418">ABT-418</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-560&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-560 (page does not exist)">ABT-560</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-894&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-894 (page does not exist)">ABT-894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">Acetylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altinicline" title="Altinicline">Altinicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabasine" title="Anabasine">Anabasine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatabine" title="Anatabine">Anatabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoxin-a" title="Anatoxin-a">Anatoxin-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR-R17779" title="AR-R17779">AR-R17779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bephenium_hydroxynaphthoate" title="Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate">Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butinoline" title="Butinoline">Butinoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyrylcholine" title="Butyrylcholine">Butyrylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbachol" title="Carbachol">Carbachol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotinine" title="Cotinine">Cotinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytisine" title="Cytisine">Cytisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decamethonium" title="Decamethonium">Decamethonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desformylflustrabromine" title="Desformylflustrabromine">Desformylflustrabromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianicline" title="Dianicline">Dianicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylphenylpiperazinium" title="Dimethylphenylpiperazinium">Dimethylphenylpiperazinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epibatidine" title="Epibatidine">Epibatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiboxidine" title="Epiboxidine">Epiboxidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethoxysebacylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethoxysebacylcholine (page does not exist)">Ethoxysebacylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVP-4473&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVP-4473 (page does not exist)">EVP-4473</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVP-6124" class="mw-redirect" title="EVP-6124">EVP-6124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galantamine" title="Galantamine">Galantamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTS-21" title="GTS-21">GTS-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispronicline" title="Ispronicline">Ispronicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-39393406" title="JNJ-39393406">JNJ-39393406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levamisole" title="Levamisole">Levamisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobeline" title="Lobeline">Lobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEM-63,908&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEM-63,908 (page does not exist)">MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morantel" title="Morantel">Morantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NS-1738&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NS-1738 (page does not exist)">NS-1738</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHA-543,613" title="PHA-543,613">PHA-543,613</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHA-709,829&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHA-709,829 (page does not exist)">PHA-709,829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNU-120,596" title="PNU-120,596">PNU-120,596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNU-282,987" title="PNU-282,987">PNU-282,987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozanicline" title="Pozanicline">Pozanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrantel" title="Pyrantel">Pyrantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivanicline" title="Rivanicline">Rivanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RJR-2429" title="RJR-2429">RJR-2429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazetidine_A" title="Sazetidine A">Sazetidine A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-206553" title="SB-206553">SB-206553</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebacylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebacylcholine (page does not exist)">Sebacylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIB-1508Y" class="mw-redirect" title="SIB-1508Y">SIB-1508Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIB-1553A" title="SIB-1553A">SIB-1553A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSR-180,711" title="SSR-180,711">SSR-180,711</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suberyldicholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suberyldicholine (page does not exist)">Suberyldicholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suxamethonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Suxamethonium">Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suxethonium_chloride" title="Suxethonium chloride">Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-1698" title="TC-1698">TC-1698</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-1734&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-1734 (page does not exist)">TC-1734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-1827" title="TC-1827">TC-1827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-2216" title="TC-2216">TC-2216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-5214" class="mw-redirect" title="TC-5214">TC-5214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-5619" class="mw-redirect" title="TC-5619">TC-5619</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-6683&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-6683 (page does not exist)">TC-6683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebanicline" title="Tebanicline">Tebanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribendimidine" title="Tribendimidine">Tribendimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropisetron" title="Tropisetron">Tropisetron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UB-165" title="UB-165">UB-165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenicline" title="Varenicline">Varenicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-317,538" class="mw-redirect" title="WAY-317,538">WAY-317,538</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XY-4083&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XY-4083 (page does not exist)">XY-4083</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">Antagonists</a><br />(and <a href="/wiki/Negative_allosteric_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative allosteric modulators"><abbr title="negative allosteric modulators">NAMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip negative allosteric modulators</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18-Methylaminocoronaridine" title="18-Methylaminocoronaridine">18-MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Methoxycoronaridine" title="18-Methoxycoronaridine">18-MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Neurotoxin" title="Α-Neurotoxin">α-Neurotoxins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-bungarotoxin">α-bungarotoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-cobratoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-cobratoxin">α-cobratoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-conotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-conotoxin">α-conotoxin</a>, many others)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-126&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-126 (page does not exist)">ABT-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcuronium">Alcuronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantadine" title="Amantadine">Amantadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatruxonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatruxonium (page does not exist)">Anatruxonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AQW051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQW051 (page does not exist)">AQW051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atracurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Atracurium">Atracurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbiturates">Barbiturates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Pentobarbital" title="Pentobarbital">pentobarbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiopental" title="Sodium thiopental">sodium thiopental</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNC-210" title="BNC-210">BNC-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungarotoxin" title="Bungarotoxin">Bungarotoxins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-bungarotoxin">α-bungarotoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A-bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ-bungarotoxin">κ-bungarotoxin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW284C51" title="BW284C51">BW284C51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW-A444" title="BW-A444">BW-A444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candocuronium_iodide" title="Candocuronium iodide">Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorisondamine" title="Chlorisondamine">Chlorisondamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisatracurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisatracurium">Cisatracurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coclaurine" title="Coclaurine">Coclaurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronaridine" title="Coronaridine">Coronaridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">Curare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropane" title="Cyclopropane">Cyclopropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacuronium_bromide" title="Dacuronium bromide">Dacuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decamethonium" title="Decamethonium">Decamethonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydronorketamine" title="Dehydronorketamine">Dehydronorketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desflurane" title="Desflurane">Desflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">Dextromethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene" title="Dextropropoxyphene">Dextropropoxyphene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextrorphan" title="Dextrorphan">Dextrorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadonium (page does not exist)">Diadonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydro-beta-erythroidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (page does not exist)">DHβE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrochandonium" title="Dihydrochandonium">Dihydrochandonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyltubocurarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimethyltubocurarine">Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscorine" title="Dioscorine">Dioscorine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrandium" title="Dipyrandium">Dipyrandium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizocilpine" title="Dizocilpine">Dizocilpine (MK-801)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxacurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Doxacurium">Doxacurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encenicline" title="Encenicline">Encenicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enflurane" title="Enflurane">Enflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythravine" title="Erythravine">Erythravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esketamine" title="Esketamine">Esketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazadinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazadinium">Fazadinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallamine">Gallamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gantacurium_chloride" title="Gantacurium chloride">Gantacurium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane">Halothane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexafluronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexafluronium">Hexafluronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexamethonium" title="Hexamethonium">Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxybupropion" title="Hydroxybupropion">Hydroxybupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxynorketamine" title="Hydroxynorketamine">Hydroxynorketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoflurane" title="Isoflurane">Isoflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kynurenic_acid" title="Kynurenic acid">Kynurenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanosine" title="Laudanosine">Laudanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudexium" class="mw-redirect" title="Laudexium">Laudexium (laudolissin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levacetylmethadol" title="Levacetylmethadol">Levacetylmethadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethadone" title="Levomethadone">Levomethadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malouetine" title="Malouetine">Malouetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyethyl-18-methoxycoronaridinate" title="2-Methoxyethyl-18-methoxycoronaridinate">ME-18-MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecamylamine" title="Mecamylamine">Mecamylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memantine" title="Memantine">Memantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methorphan" title="Methorphan">Methorphan (racemethorphan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyllycaconitine" title="Methyllycaconitine">Methyllycaconitine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metocurine" title="Metocurine">Metocurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mivacurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mivacurium">Mivacurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphanol">Morphanol (racemorphan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neramexane" title="Neramexane">Neramexane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norketamine" title="Norketamine">Norketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancuronium_bromide" title="Pancuronium bromide">Pancuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pempidine" title="Pempidine">Pempidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentamine" title="Pentamine">Pentamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentolinium" title="Pentolinium">Pentolinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">Phencyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipecuronium_bromide" title="Pipecuronium bromide">Pipecuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegestone" title="Promegestone">Promegestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radafaxine" title="Radafaxine">Radafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapacuronium_bromide" title="Rapacuronium bromide">Rapacuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboxetine" title="Reboxetine">Reboxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocuronium_bromide" title="Rocuronium bromide">Rocuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevoflurane" title="Sevoflurane">Sevoflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stercuronium_iodide" title="Stercuronium iodide">Stercuronium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surugatoxin" title="Surugatoxin">Surugatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocolchicoside" title="Thiocolchicoside">Thiocolchicoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threohydrobupropion" title="Threohydrobupropion">Threohydrobupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxiferine" title="Toxiferine">Toxiferine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimetaphan_camsilate" title="Trimetaphan camsilate">Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropeinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropeinium (page does not exist)">Tropeinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubocurarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubocurarine">Tubocurarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanoxerine" title="Vanoxerine">Vanoxerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecuronium_bromide" title="Vecuronium bromide">Vecuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">Precursors</a><br /><small>(and <a href="/wiki/Prodrug" title="Prodrug">prodrugs</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl-coA" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetyl-coA">Acetyl-coA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adafenoxate" title="Adafenoxate">Adafenoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lecithin" title="Lecithin">lecithin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citicoline" title="Citicoline">Citicoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodenate" title="Cyprodenate">Cyprodenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylethanolamine" title="Dimethylethanolamine">Dimethylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycerophosphocholine" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerophosphocholine">Glycerophosphocholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenoxate" title="Meclofenoxate">Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylcholine" title="Phosphatidylcholine">Phosphatidylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine">Phosphatidylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorylcholine" title="Phosphorylcholine">Phosphorylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirisudanol" title="Pirisudanol">Pirisudanol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators">Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Template:Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators">Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Template:Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Template talk:Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">Acetylcholine</a> <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter_transporter" title="Neurotransmitter transporter">transport</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_modulator" title="Enzyme modulator">modulators</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Choline_acetyltransferase" title="Choline acetyltransferase"><abbr title="Choline acetyltransferase">ChAT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Inhibitors:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium (page does not exist)">1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-(%CE%B1-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium (page does not exist)">2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Chloro-4-stillbazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Chloro-4-stillbazole (page does not exist)">3-Chloro-4-stillbazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine (page does not exist)">4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetylseco_hemicholinium-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetylseco hemicholinium-3 (page does not exist)">Acetylseco hemicholinium-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acryloylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acryloylcholine (page does not exist)">Acryloylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AF64A" class="mw-redirect" title="AF64A">AF64A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(E)-1-Methyl-4-(1-naphthylvinyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(E)-1-Methyl-4-(1-naphthylvinyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (page does not exist)">B115</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(2-Benzoylethyl)trimethylammonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(2-Benzoylethyl)trimethylammonium (page does not exist)">BETA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N,N-Dimethylamino-2-ethoxyimino-2-adamantane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N,N-Dimethylamino-2-ethoxyimino-2-adamantane (page does not exist)">CM-54,903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate (page does not exist)">N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate (page does not exist)">N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase" title="Acetylcholinesterase"><abbr title="Acetylcholinesterase">AChE</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor" title="Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor">Inhibitors</a>:</b> <i>Reversible:</i> Carbamates: <a href="/wiki/Aldicarb" title="Aldicarb">Aldicarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminocarb" title="Aminocarb">Aminocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendiocarb" title="Bendiocarb">Bendiocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bufencarb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bufencarb (page does not exist)">Bufencarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbaryl" title="Carbaryl">Carbaryl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbendazim" title="Carbendazim">Carbendazim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbetamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbetamide (page does not exist)">Carbetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbofuran" title="Carbofuran">Carbofuran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbosulfan" title="Carbosulfan">Carbosulfan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorbufam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorbufam (page does not exist)">Chlorbufam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloropropham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloropropham (page does not exist)">Chloropropham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimetilan" title="Dimetilan">Dimetilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethienocarb" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethienocarb">Ethienocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiofencarb" title="Ethiofencarb">Ethiofencarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenobucarb" title="Fenobucarb">Fenobucarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formetanate" title="Formetanate">Formetanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formparanate" title="Formparanate">Formparanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methiocarb" title="Methiocarb">Methiocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methomyl" title="Methomyl">Methomyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metolcarb" title="Metolcarb">Metolcarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miotine" title="Miotine">Miotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxamyl" title="Oxamyl">Oxamyl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenmedipham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenmedipham (page does not exist)">Phenmedipham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinmicarb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinmicarb (page does not exist)">Pinmicarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirimicarb" title="Pirimicarb">Pirimicarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promecarb" title="Promecarb">Promecarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propamocarb" title="Propamocarb">Propamocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propham (page does not exist)">Propham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propoxur" title="Propoxur">Propoxur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiodicarb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiodicarb (page does not exist)">Thiodicarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiofanox" title="Thiofanox">Thiofanox</a>; Stigmines: <a href="/wiki/Distigmine" title="Distigmine">Distigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eptastigmine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eptastigmine (page does not exist)">Eptastigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganstigmine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganstigmine (page does not exist)">Ganstigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neostigmine" title="Neostigmine">Neostigmine</a> <a href="/wiki/Neostigmine/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Neostigmine/glycopyrronium bromide">+glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenserine" title="Phenserine">Phenserine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physostigmine" title="Physostigmine">Physostigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyridostigmine" title="Pyridostigmine">Pyridostigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quilostigmine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quilostigmine (page does not exist)">Quilostigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivastigmine" title="Rivastigmine">Rivastigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terestigmine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terestigmine (page does not exist)">Terestigmine</a>; Others: <a href="/wiki/Acotiamide" title="Acotiamide">Acotiamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambenonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambenonium">Ambenonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donepezil" title="Donepezil">Donepezil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3990" title="EA-3990">EA-3990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-4056" title="EA-4056">EA-4056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edrophonium" title="Edrophonium">Edrophonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galantamine" title="Galantamine">Galantamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huperzine_A" title="Huperzine A">Huperzine A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huprine_W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huprine W (page does not exist)">Huprine W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huprine_X" title="Huprine X">Huprine X</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huprine_Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huprine Y (page does not exist)">Huprine Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipidacrine" title="Ipidacrine">Ipidacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itopride" title="Itopride">Itopride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladostigil" title="Ladostigil">Ladostigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaprine" title="Minaprine">Minaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium_bromide)" title="Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)">Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-1123" title="T-1123">T-1123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-1152" title="T-1152">T-1152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-1194" title="T-1194">T-1194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TL-599" title="TL-599">TL-599</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TL-1238" title="TL-1238">TL-1238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrine" title="Tacrine">Tacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zanapezil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zanapezil (page does not exist)">Zanapezil</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Irreversible:</i> Organophosphates: <a href="/wiki/2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl_cyclohexyl_methylphosphonate" title="2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate">2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acephate" title="Acephate">Acephate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armine_(chemical)" title="Armine (chemical)">Armine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azinphos-ethyl" title="Azinphos-ethyl">Azinphos-ethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azinphos-methyl" title="Azinphos-methyl">Azinphos-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAY-29952" title="BAY-29952">BAY-29952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bensulide" title="Bensulide">Bensulide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadusafos" title="Cadusafos">Cadusafos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbophenothion" title="Carbophenothion">Carbophenothion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorethoxyfos" title="Chlorethoxyfos">Chlorethoxyfos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorfenvinphos" title="Chlorfenvinphos">Chlorfenvinphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpyrifos" title="Chlorpyrifos">Chlorpyrifos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpyrifos-methyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorpyrifos-methyl">Chlorpyrifos-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coumaphos" title="Coumaphos">Coumaphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotylsarin" title="Crotylsarin">Crotylsarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanophos" title="Cyanophos">Cyanophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosarin" title="Cyclosarin">Cyclosarin (GF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demephion" title="Demephion">Demephion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeton" title="Demeton">Demeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeton-S-methyl" title="Demeton-S-methyl">Demeton-S-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialifor" title="Dialifor">Dialifor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazinon" title="Diazinon">Diazinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorvos" title="Dichlorvos">Dichlorvos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicrotophos" title="Dicrotophos">Dicrotophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicyclohexyl_phosphorofluoridate" title="Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate">Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diisopropylphosphate" title="Diisopropylphosphate">Diisopropylphosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diisopropyl_fluorophosphate" title="Diisopropyl fluorophosphate">Diisopropyl fluorophosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimefox" title="Dimefox">Dimefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoate" title="Dimethoate">Dimethoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_4-(methylthio)phenyl_phosphate" title="Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate">Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxathion" title="Dioxathion">Dioxathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfoton" title="Disulfoton">Disulfoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-2012" title="EA-2012">EA-2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-2054" title="EA-2054">EA-2054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-2098" title="EA-2098">EA-2098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-2192" title="EA-2192">EA-2192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-2613" title="EA-2613">EA-2613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3148" title="EA-3148">EA-3148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-4352" title="EA-4352">EA-4352</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echothiophate" title="Echothiophate">Echothiophate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylsarin" title="Ethylsarin">Ethylsarin (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endothion" title="Endothion">Endothion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPN_(insecticide)" title="EPN (insecticide)">EPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethion" title="Ethion">Ethion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethoprop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethoprop">Ethoprop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenamiphos" title="Fenamiphos">Fenamiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenitrothion" title="Fenitrothion">Fenitrothion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenthion" title="Fenthion">Fenthion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorotabun" title="Fluorotabun">Fluorotabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonofos" title="Fonofos">Fonofos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formothion" title="Formothion">Formothion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosthiazate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosthiazate (page does not exist)">Fosthiazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GD-42" title="GD-42">GD-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GH_(nerve_agent)" title="GH (nerve agent)">GH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GT-45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GT-45 (page does not exist)">GT-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GV_(nerve_agent)" title="GV (nerve agent)">GV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanitoxin" title="Guanitoxin">Guanitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexaethyl_tetraphosphate" title="Hexaethyl tetraphosphate">Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofluorophate" class="mw-redirect" title="Isofluorophate">Isofluorophate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoxathion" title="Isoxathion">Isoxathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptophos" title="Leptophos">Leptophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaoxon" title="Malaoxon">Malaoxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malathion" title="Malathion">Malathion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazidox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazidox (page does not exist)">Mazidox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamidophos" title="Methamidophos">Methamidophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methidathion" title="Methidathion">Methidathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_phenkapton" title="Methyl phenkapton">Methyl phenkapton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylfluorophosphonylcholine" title="Methylfluorophosphonylcholine">Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrifonate" title="Metrifonate">Metrifonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevinphos" title="Mevinphos">Mevinphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mipafox" title="Mipafox">Mipafox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocrotophos" title="Monocrotophos">Monocrotophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSPI_(nerve_agent)" title="MSPI (nerve agent)">MSPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naled" title="Naled">Naled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novichok_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Novichok agent">Novichok agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omethoate" title="Omethoate">Omethoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxydemeton-methyl" title="Oxydemeton-methyl">Oxydemeton-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraoxon" title="Paraoxon">Paraoxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parathion" title="Parathion">Parathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parathion-methyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Parathion-methyl">Parathion-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorate" title="Phorate">Phorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosalone" title="Phosalone">Phosalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosfolan" title="Phosfolan">Phosfolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosmet" title="Phosmet">Phosmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphamidon" title="Phosphamidon">Phosphamidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoxim" title="Phoxim">Phoxim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirimiphos-methyl" title="Pirimiphos-methyl">Pirimiphos-methyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profenofos" title="Profenofos">Profenofos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothoate" title="Prothoate">Prothoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-16661" title="R-16661">R-16661</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0340&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0340 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0346 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0346</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0347&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0347 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0347</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0351&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0351 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0351</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0352&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0352 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0352</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0397&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0397 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0397</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0411&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0411 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_3-0412" title="Ro 3-0412">Ro 3-0412</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0417&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0417 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_3-0419" title="Ro 3-0419">Ro 3-0419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_3-0422" title="Ro 3-0422">Ro 3-0422</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_3-0433&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 3-0433 (page does not exist)">Ro 3-0433</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronnel (page does not exist)">Ronnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">Sarin (GB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schradan" title="Schradan">Schradan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soman" title="Soman">Soman (GD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfotep" title="Sulfotep">Sulfotep (TEDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabun_(nerve_agent)" title="Tabun (nerve agent)">Tabun (GA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebupirimfos" title="Tebupirimfos">Tebupirimfos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temefos" title="Temefos">Temefos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbufos" title="Terbufos">Terbufos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachlorvinphos" title="Tetrachlorvinphos">Tetrachlorvinphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraethyl_pyrophosphate" title="Tetraethyl pyrophosphate">Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triazofos" title="Triazofos">Triazofos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribufos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribufos (page does not exist)">Tribufos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichlorfon" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichlorfon">Trichlorfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichloronate" title="Trichloronate">Trichloronate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricresyl_phosphate" title="Tricresyl phosphate">Tricresyl phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VE_(nerve_agent)" title="VE (nerve agent)">VE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VG_(nerve_agent)" title="VG (nerve agent)">VG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VM_(nerve_agent)" title="VM (nerve agent)">VM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP_(nerve_agent)" class="mw-redirect" title="VP (nerve agent)">VP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VS_(nerve_agent)" title="VS (nerve agent)">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_(nerve_agent)" title="VR (nerve agent)">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VX_(nerve_agent)" title="VX (nerve agent)">VX</a>; Others: <a href="/wiki/Demecarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Demecarium">Demecarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasciculin" title="Fasciculin">Fasciculins (green mamba toxins)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fasciculin_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fasciculin 1 (page does not exist)">1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fasciculin_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fasciculin 2 (page does not exist)">2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fasciculin_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fasciculin 3 (page does not exist)">3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fasciculin_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fasciculin 4 (page does not exist)">4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchidal" title="Onchidal">Onchidal</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Onchidella_binneyi" title="Onchidella binneyi">Onchidella binneyi</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanesulfonyl_fluoride" title="Methanesulfonyl fluoride">Methanesulfonyl fluoride</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Pinene" title="Α-Pinene">α-Pinene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Viniferin" title="Α-Viniferin">α-Viniferin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinine" title="Affinine">Affinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinisine" title="Affinisine">Affinisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arisugacin_A" title="Arisugacin A">Arisugacin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulbocapnine" title="Bulbocapnine">Bulbocapnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conodurine" title="Conodurine">Conodurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronaridine" title="Coronaridine">Coronaridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corydaline" title="Corydaline">Corydaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corynoline" title="Corynoline">Corynoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimidine" title="Crimidine">Crimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclanoline" title="Cyclanoline">Cyclanoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymserine" title="Cymserine">Cymserine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmaline" title="Harmaline">Harmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobophenol_A" title="Kobophenol A">Kobophenol A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactucopicrin" title="Lactucopicrin">Lactucopicrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycorine" title="Lycorine">Lycorine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosacetim" title="Phosacetim">Phosacetim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosmarinic_acid" title="Rosmarinic acid">Rosmarinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stercuronium_iodide" title="Stercuronium iodide">Stercuronium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taspine" title="Taspine">Taspine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungeremine" title="Ungeremine">Ungeremine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungiminorine" title="Ungiminorine">Ungiminorine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylcarbamoyl_fluoride" title="Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride">Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW284C51" title="BW284C51">BW284C51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMTFA" title="TMTFA">TMTFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3152_CT" title="3152 CT">3152 CT</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholinesterase_reactivator" title="Cholinesterase reactivator">Reactivators</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asoxime_chloride" title="Asoxime chloride">Asoxime chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methoxime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methoxime (page does not exist)">Methoxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obidoxime" title="Obidoxime">Obidoxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pralidoxime" title="Pralidoxime">Pralidoxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimedoxime_bromide" title="Trimedoxime bromide">Trimedoxime bromide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Butyrylcholinesterase" title="Butyrylcholinesterase"><abbr title="Butyrylcholinesterase">BChE</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Inhibitors:</b> <a href="/wiki/Affinine" title="Affinine">Affinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinisine" title="Affinisine">Affinisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conodurine" title="Conodurine">Conodurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymserine" title="Cymserine">Cymserine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladostigil" title="Ladostigil">Ladostigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profenamine" title="Profenamine">Profenamine (ethopropazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivastigmine" title="Rivastigmine">Rivastigmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrine" title="Tacrine">Tacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZINC-12613047&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZINC-12613047 (page does not exist)">ZINC-12613047</a></li> <li>Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter_transporter" title="Neurotransmitter transporter">Transporter</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Transporter_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Transporter modulator">modulators</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Choline_transporter" title="Choline transporter"><abbr title="Choline transporter">CHT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Choline transporter</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Inhibitors:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hemicholinium-3" title="Hemicholinium-3">Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triethylcholine" title="Triethylcholine">Triethylcholine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Enhancers:</b> <a href="/wiki/Coluracetam" title="Coluracetam">Coluracetam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vesicular_acetylcholine_transporter" title="Vesicular acetylcholine transporter"><abbr title="Vesicular acetylcholine transporter">VAChT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Inhibitors:</b> <a href="/wiki/Vesamicol" title="Vesamicol">Vesamicol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter_release" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotransmitter release">Release</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Release_modulator" title="Release modulator">modulators</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Release_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Release inhibitor">Inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Synaptosomal-associated_protein_25" class="mw-redirect" title="Synaptosomal-associated protein 25"><abbr title="Synaptosomal-associated protein 25">SNAP-25</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25</span> inactivators:</b> <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">Botulinum toxin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Botulinum toxin A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Botulinum toxin C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Botulinum toxin E">E</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vesicle-associated_membrane_protein" title="Vesicle-associated membrane protein"><abbr title="Vesicle-associated membrane protein">VAMP</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein</span> inactivators:</b> <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">Botulinum toxin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Botulinum toxin B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_D" class="mw-redirect" title="Botulinum toxin D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_F" class="mw-redirect" title="Botulinum toxin F">F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Botulinum toxin G">G</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Others:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bungarotoxin" title="Bungarotoxin">Bungarotoxins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beta-Bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Bungarotoxin">β-bungarotoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%93-bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-bungarotoxin">γ-bungarotoxin</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Release_enhancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Release enhancer">Enhancers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Latrophilin" title="Latrophilin"><abbr title="Latrophilin">LPHN</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Latrophilin</span> agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alpha-Latrotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Latrotoxin">α-Latrotoxin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Others:</b> Atracotoxins (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Robustoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robustoxin">robustoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Versutoxin" title="Versutoxin">versutoxin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotoxin" title="Crotoxin">Crotoxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators">Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators">Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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