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fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.015 14.042 20.707 22 22 20.709 14.06 12 22 3.291 20.707 2l-8.692 7.958L3.293 2.03 2 3.321 9.97 12 2 20.679l1.293 1.291z" fill="var(--masthead-veggie-burger-icon)"></path></svg></span></label></div><div id="header-expanded-menu-root" class="dcr-1ef3v4m"><div id="header-expanded-menu" data-testid="expanded-menu" class="dcr-14vdg2"><div class="dcr-1srap2j"><div class="dcr-10y96fo"><ul role="menubar" data-testid="nav-menu-columns" class="dcr-6sl420"><li role="none" class="dcr-lpsfc3"><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('News-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('News-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="News-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="News-button" aria-label="Toggle News" for="News-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="newsLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-News" data-link-name="header : secondary : News" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-o6rk0u">News</label><ul role="menu" id="newsLinks" data-testid="newsLinks" class="dcr-11vt4tq"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all News" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-News" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all News</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : World news" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-World" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">World news</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/us-news/us-politics" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : US politics" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-US politics" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">US politics</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/uk-news" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : UK news" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-UK" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">UK news</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/environment/climate-crisis" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Climate crisis" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Climate crisis" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Climate crisis</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world/middleeast" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Middle East" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Middle East" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Middle East</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world/ukraine" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Ukraine" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Ukraine" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Ukraine</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/environment" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Environment" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Environment" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Environment</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/science" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Science" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Science" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Science</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/global-development" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Global development" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Global development" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Global development</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/football" role="menuitem" 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function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Opinion-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Opinion-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Opinion-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Opinion-button" aria-label="Toggle Opinion" for="Opinion-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="opinionLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Opinion" data-link-name="header : secondary : Opinion" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-p0c3jt">Opinion</label><ul role="menu" id="opinionLinks" data-testid="opinionLinks" class="dcr-v7ibvm"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/commentisfree" role="menuitem" 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key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Culture-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Culture-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Culture-button" aria-label="Toggle Culture" for="Culture-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="cultureLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Culture" data-link-name="header : secondary : Culture" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-x5fwww">Culture</label><ul role="menu" id="cultureLinks" data-testid="cultureLinks" class="dcr-1yytfii"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/culture" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Culture" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Culture" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Culture</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/books" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : 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document.getElementById('Lifestyle-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Lifestyle-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Lifestyle-button" aria-label="Toggle Lifestyle" for="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lifestyleLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Lifestyle" data-link-name="header : secondary : Lifestyle" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-yq9plo">Lifestyle</label><ul role="menu" id="lifestyleLinks" data-testid="lifestyleLinks" class="dcr-1utnfys"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/lifeandstyle" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : View all Lifestyle" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Lifestyle" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">View all Lifestyle</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/fashion" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Fashion" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Fashion" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Fashion</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/food" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Food" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Food" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Food</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/tone/recipes" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Recipes" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Recipes" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Recipes</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/love-and-sex" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Love 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data-link-name="header : secondary : Men" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Men" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Men</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/lifeandstyle/family" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Family" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Family" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Family</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/travel" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Travel" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Travel" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Travel</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/money" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Money" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Money" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Money</a></li></ul></li><span class="dcr-90inr0"><li role="none"><form action="https://www.google.co.uk/search" class="dcr-1jjnk9d"><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">Search input </div></label><input type="text" id="gu-search" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="q" placeholder="Search the Guardian" data-link-name="header : search" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-qcy5wo"/><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">google-search </div><div class="dcr-radnun"><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.273 2c4.023 0 7.25 3.295 7.25 7.273a7.226 7.226 0 0 1-7.25 7.25C5.25 16.523 2 13.296 2 9.273 2 5.295 5.25 2 9.273 2m0 1.84A5.403 5.403 0 0 0 3.84 9.274c0 3 2.409 5.454 5.432 5.454 3 0 5.454-2.454 5.454-5.454 0-3.023-2.454-5.432-5.454-5.432m7.295 10.887L22 20.16 20.16 22l-5.433-5.432v-.932l.91-.909z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1p0hins">Search</span></div></label><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" aria-label="Search with Google" data-link-name="header : search : 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class="dcr-1e51nvv"></div><div class="dcr-ptvyla"><h2 class="dcr-1ln6kec">Ian Sample</h2></div><div class="dcr-15wb3nc"><picture><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2024/11/15/Ian_Sample.jpg?width=100&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2024/11/15/Ian_Sample.jpg?width=100&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2024/11/15/Ian_Sample.jpg?width=80&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2024/11/15/Ian_Sample.jpg?width=80&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2024/11/15/Ian_Sample.jpg?width=100&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" class="dcr-sup1nd"/></picture></div><div class="dcr-175nrby"><p>Ian Sample is science editor of the Guardian. Before joining the newspaper in 2003, he was a journalist at New Scientist and worked at the Institute of Physics as a journal editor. He has a PhD in biomedical materials from Queen Mary's, University of London. Ian also presents the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/series/science" class="dcr-8vcxwp">Science Weekly podcast</a></p></div></section><section id="december-2024" data-link-name="container-0 | december-2024" data-component="december-2024" style="background-color:var(--front-container-background);" class="dcr-pslr00"><div class="dcr-1tbbfjt"></div><div class="dcr-1kno2ly"><div class="dcr-l9k7rx"><div class="dcr-1atljbz"><h2 style="color:var(--article-section-title);" class="dcr-15821ah">December 2024</h2></div></div></div><div id="container-december-2024" class="dcr-ufnmjy"><ul class="dcr-pnnc7v"><li class="dcr-11dhrb2"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1kaurn1"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/science/2024/dec/12/unprecedented-risk-to-life-on-earth-scientists-call-for-halt-on-mirror-life-microbe-research" data-link-name="news | group-0 | card-@1" aria-label="‘Unprecedented risk’ to life on Earth: Scientists call for halt on ‘mirror life’ microbe research" class="dcr-ezvrjj"></a><div style="background-color:var(--card-background);gap:8px;" class="dcr-iuk5cr"><div class="dcr-19lhn4x"><picture data-size="small" class="dcr-zigv41"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6d11be5e704c69aa4c29e80392b515f4c203e7cb/0_109_8000_4800/master/8000.jpg?width=220&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6d11be5e704c69aa4c29e80392b515f4c203e7cb/0_109_8000_4800/master/8000.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6d11be5e704c69aa4c29e80392b515f4c203e7cb/0_109_8000_4800/master/8000.jpg?width=160&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6d11be5e704c69aa4c29e80392b515f4c203e7cb/0_109_8000_4800/master/8000.jpg?width=160&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 740px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6d11be5e704c69aa4c29e80392b515f4c203e7cb/0_109_8000_4800/master/8000.jpg?width=120&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6d11be5e704c69aa4c29e80392b515f4c203e7cb/0_109_8000_4800/master/8000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="DNA" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6d11be5e704c69aa4c29e80392b515f4c203e7cb/0_109_8000_4800/master/8000.jpg?width=120&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="eager" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1q9v79k"><div class="dcr-uh1jz3"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-4ec2a0"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">‘Unprecedented risk’ to life on Earth: Scientists call for halt on ‘mirror life’ microbe research</span></h3></div><footer class="dcr-1mv0cw8"><span class="dcr-kap5pr"><time dateTime="2024-12-12T19:00:25.000Z" data-locale="en-gb" title="Thursday 12 December 2024 at 19:00 Greenwich Mean Time">12 Dec 2024 19.00 GMT</time></span></footer></div><div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0px;"></div></div></div></li><li class="dcr-c7jt3v"><div data-format-theme="0" data-format-design="3" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-1i79he3"><div class="dcr-f9aim1"><a href="/science/audio/2024/dec/12/does-googles-mindboggling-new-chip-bring-quantum-computers-any-closer-podcast" data-link-name="media | group-0 | card-@2" aria-label="Does Google’s ‘mindboggling’ new chip bring quantum computers any closer? 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The Europe-based quantum data center will facilitate access to cutting-edge quantum computing for companies, research institutions and government agencies. 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srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ea273ad39fd8a7511083ebb4ec791c84a3d96966/0_312_5259_3155/master/5259.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Baby dressed in a bib swallows food from a spoon" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ea273ad39fd8a7511083ebb4ec791c84a3d96966/0_312_5259_3155/master/5259.jpg?width=240&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore" class="dcr-l300o4"/></picture><div class="image-overlay"></div></div><div class="dcr-1rdsp9j"><div class="dcr-uh1jz3"><div class="dcr-147a5s0"><h3 class="card-headline dcr-1d8jwt1"><span class="show-underline dcr-uyefka">Less sugar in first 1,000 days of life protects against chronic disease, study finds</span></h3></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><div class="dcr-4v2oe6"><div>Risk of diabetes and high blood pressure significantly lower in middle age in UK adults given low-sugar diets in the womb and as infants</div></div></span><footer class="dcr-1mv0cw8"><span 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