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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fresno" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fresno_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fresno (disambiguation)">Fresno (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Fresno (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈfrɛznoʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/43\/En-us-fresno.ogg\/En-us-fresno.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-fresno.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/En-us-fresno.ogg/En-us-fresno.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-fresno.ogg" title="File:En-us-fresno.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> for '<a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">Ash tree</a>') is a major city in the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States. It is the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno County</a> and the largest city in the greater <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a> region. It covers about 115 square miles (300 km2) and had a population of 542,107 as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_California_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest California cities by population">fifth-most populous city in California</a>, the most populous inland city in California, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">34th-most populous city</a> in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-US-Gazetteer-12">[12]</a> <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Fresno</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Fresno_Skyline_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fresno skyline with the Sierra Nevada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Downtown_Fresno_Skyline_2021.jpg/278px-Downtown_Fresno_Skyline_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Downtown_Fresno_Skyline_2021.jpg/417px-Downtown_Fresno_Skyline_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Downtown_Fresno_Skyline_2021.jpg/556px-Downtown_Fresno_Skyline_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1966" data-file-height="739"></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Fresno skyline with the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_Bee_Building_Dec_2012_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fresno Bee Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fresno_Bee_Building_Dec_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-Fresno_Bee_Building_Dec_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fresno_Bee_Building_Dec_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-Fresno_Bee_Building_Dec_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fresno_Bee_Building_Dec_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/274px-Fresno_Bee_Building_Dec_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="580"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Bee_Building" title="Fresno Bee Building">Fresno Bee Building</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Fulton_mall-fresno_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fulton Mall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Fulton_mall-fresno_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-Fulton_mall-fresno_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Fulton_mall-fresno_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-Fulton_mall-fresno_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Fulton_mall-fresno_%28cropped%29.jpg/274px-Fulton_mall-fresno_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="476"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Mall_(Fresno)" title="Fulton Mall (Fresno)">Fulton Mall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno-WarnorsTheatre_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Warnors Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Fresno-WarnorsTheatre_%28cropped%29.jpg/136px-Fresno-WarnorsTheatre_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Fresno-WarnorsTheatre_%28cropped%29.jpg/204px-Fresno-WarnorsTheatre_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Fresno-WarnorsTheatre_%28cropped%29.jpg/272px-Fresno-WarnorsTheatre_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2605" data-file-height="1714"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Warnors_Theatre" title="Warnors Theatre">Warnors Theatre</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_station_2434_35_(cropped2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Santa Fe Depot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fresno_station_2434_35_%28cropped2%29.JPG/138px-Fresno_station_2434_35_%28cropped2%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="138" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fresno_station_2434_35_%28cropped2%29.JPG/207px-Fresno_station_2434_35_%28cropped2%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fresno_station_2434_35_%28cropped2%29.JPG/276px-Fresno_station_2434_35_%28cropped2%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1795" data-file-height="1172"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Passenger_Depot_(Fresno,_California)" title="Santa Fe Passenger Depot (Fresno, California)">Santa Fe Depot</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Fresno,_California.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Fresno"><img alt="Flag of Fresno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Fresno%2C_California.svg/100px-Flag_of_Fresno%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Fresno%2C_California.svg/150px-Flag_of_Fresno%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Fresno%2C_California.svg/200px-Flag_of_Fresno%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Fresno,_California.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Fresno"><img alt="Official seal of Fresno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Seal_of_Fresno%2C_California.png/100px-Seal_of_Fresno%2C_California.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Seal_of_Fresno%2C_California.png/150px-Seal_of_Fresno%2C_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Seal_of_Fresno%2C_California.png/200px-Seal_of_Fresno%2C_California.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="247"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442370">.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container>label:first-of-type{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tleft{padding:0 0 0 0;margin:0 0 0 0}</style><div class="switcher-container mapframe-multi-container center"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="10" data-lat="36.7817" data-lon="-119.7922" data-overlays='["_9666f94a3eeb029c55dc9083e1aa113fa3827148"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/36.7817/-119.7922/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,36.7817,-119.7922,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fresno%2C_California&revid=1256818205&groups=_9666f94a3eeb029c55dc9083e1aa113fa3827148" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,36.7817,-119.7922,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fresno%2C_California&revid=1256818205&groups=_9666f94a3eeb029c55dc9083e1aa113fa3827148 2x" alt="Map"></a>Show Fresno</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="7" data-lat="36.75" data-lon="-119.65" data-overlays='["_dc4a8aab667ac28cd9ef8521496a41d85fb37c49"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/36.75/-119.65/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,36.75,-119.65,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fresno%2C_California&revid=1256818205&groups=_dc4a8aab667ac28cd9ef8521496a41d85fb37c49" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,36.75,-119.65,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fresno%2C_California&revid=1256818205&groups=_dc4a8aab667ac28cd9ef8521496a41d85fb37c49 2x" alt="Map"></a>Show Fresno County</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="5" data-lat="37" data-lon="-120" data-overlays='["_1daa045f6ce03e4ccf26d48aeabbec33704971b2"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/37/-120/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,37,-120,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fresno%2C_California&revid=1256818205&groups=_1daa045f6ce03e4ccf26d48aeabbec33704971b2" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,37,-120,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fresno%2C_California&revid=1256818205&groups=_1daa045f6ce03e4ccf26d48aeabbec33704971b2 2x" alt="Map"></a>Show California</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="3" data-lat="39.828055555556" data-lon="-101" data-overlays='["_94eb485d958a8172aceb273ba259afc7e5fae500"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/39.828055555556/-101/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.828055555556,-101,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fresno%2C_California&revid=1256818205&groups=_94eb485d958a8172aceb273ba259afc7e5fae500" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.828055555556,-101,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fresno%2C_California&revid=1256818205&groups=_94eb485d958a8172aceb273ba259afc7e5fae500 2x" alt="Map"></a>Show the United States</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fresno,_California&params=36_45_N_119_46_W_region:US-CA_city(542,000)_type:city(542107)">36°45′N 119°46′W / 36.750°N 119.767°W / 36.750; -119.767</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Railway station</th><td class="infobox-data">May 1872</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">October 21, 1885<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Spanish for "<a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash tree">ash tree</a>"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Strong_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong Mayor">Strong Mayor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Dyer" title="Jerry Dyer">Jerry Dyer</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Council President</th><td class="infobox-data">Annalisa Perea</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Council Vice President</th><td class="infobox-data">Mike Karbassi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Fresno_City_Council" title="Fresno City Council">City council</a><a href="#cite_note-cc-4">[4]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Members</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Annalisa Perea</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mike Karbassi</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Miguel Arias</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Tyler Maxwell</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Luis Chavez</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Garry Bredefeld</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Nelson Esparza</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Georgeanne White<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-5">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">116.00 sq mi (300.43 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">114.79 sq mi (297.30 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1.21 sq mi (3.13 km2) 1.04%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-GNIS_277606-6">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">308 ft (94 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-7">[7]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">542,107</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" title="List of North American cities by population">94th</a> in North America <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">33rd</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_California_by_population" title="List of largest cities in California by population">5th</a> in California</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,722.60/sq mi (1,823.43/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">717,589 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">US: 61st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,510.0/sq mi (1,741.3/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2020Pop-8">[8]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,164,909 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">49th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Fresnan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9208:00" title="UTC−08:00">UTC−08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">93650, 93701–93712, 93714–93718, 93720–93730, 93737, 93740, 93741, 93744, 93745, 93747, 93750, 93755, 93760, 93761, 93764, 93765, 93771–93779, 93786, 93790–93794, 93844, 93888</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_559" title="Area code 559">559</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0627000">06-27000</a><a href="#cite_note-GR2-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature IDs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/277606">277606</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2410546">2410546</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fresno.gov">www.fresno.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Named for the abundant ash trees lining the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River" title="San Joaquin River">San Joaquin River</a>, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Pacific_Railroad" title="Central Pacific Railroad">Central Pacific Railroad</a> before it was <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">incorporated</a> in 1885. It has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley, with much of the surrounding areas in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Metropolitan Fresno</a> region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. Fresno is near the geographic center of California, approximately 220 miles (350 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, and 185 miles (300 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> is about 60 miles (100 km) to the north, <a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon National Park</a> 60 miles (100 km) to the east, and <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia National Park</a> 75 miles (120 km) to the southeast. Fresno is also <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Hispanic_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations">the third-largest majority-Hispanic city</a> in the United States with 50.5% of its population being Hispanic in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-2020Hispanic-13">[13]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Geography">2 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Neighborhoods">2.1 Neighborhoods</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Downtown">2.1.1 Downtown</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Tower_District">2.1.2 Tower District</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Woodward_Park">2.1.3 Woodward Park</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Fig_Garden">2.1.4 Fig Garden</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Climate">2.2 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Demographics">3 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#2010">3.1 2010</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#2000">3.2 2000</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Economy">4 Economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Arts_and_culture">5 Arts and culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Performing_arts_and_music">5.1 Performing arts and music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Theaters">5.2 Theaters</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Museums">5.3 Museums</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Events">5.4 Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Sports">6 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Government">7 Government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#City_Council">7.1 City Council</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Courts">7.2 Courts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Politics">7.3 Politics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#State_and_federal_representation">7.4 State and federal representation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Education">8 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Four-year_institutions">8.1 Four-year institutions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Two-year_institutions">8.2 Two-year institutions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Career_colleges">8.3 Career colleges</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Public_K-12_schools">8.4 Public K-12 schools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Private_K-12_schools">8.5 Private K-12 schools</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Media">9 Media</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Newspapers">9.1 Newspapers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Radio">9.2 Radio</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Television">9.3 Television</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Infrastructure">10 Infrastructure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Transportation">11 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Highways">11.1 Highways</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Bus_services">11.2 Bus services</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Airports">11.3 Airports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Rail">11.4 Rail</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#In_popular_culture">12 In popular culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Notable_people">13 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Twin_towns_%E2%80%93_sister_cities">14 Twin towns – sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#See_also">15 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Explanatory_notes">16 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#References">17 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#Bibliography">18 Bibliography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#External_links">19 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Fresno,_California" title="Timeline of Fresno, California">Timeline of Fresno, California</a>.</div> The original inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> region were the <a href="/wiki/Yokuts_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokuts people">Yokuts people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miwok_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Miwok people">Miwok people</a>, who engaged in trading with other Californian tribes of Native Americans including coastal peoples such as the <a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a> of the Central California coast, with whom they are thought to have traded plant and animal products. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_County_Courthouse_(1885).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Fresno_County_Courthouse_%281885%29.jpg/220px-Fresno_County_Courthouse_%281885%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="366"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Fresno_County_Courthouse_%281885%29.jpg/220px-Fresno_County_Courthouse_%281885%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Fresno_County_Courthouse_%281885%29.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The old <a href="/wiki/Fresno_County_Courthouse" title="Fresno County Courthouse">Fresno County Courthouse</a>, built in 1875 and demolished in 1966</figcaption></figure> The first European to enter the San Joaquin Valley was <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fages" title="Pedro Fages">Pedro Fages</a> in 1772.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The county of Fresno was formed in 1856 after the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> and was named for the abundant ash trees (Spanish: fresno) lining the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River" title="San Joaquin River">San Joaquin River</a>. The San Joaquin River flooded on December 24, 1867, inundating <a href="/wiki/Millerton,_Madera_County,_California" title="Millerton, Madera County, California">Millerton</a>. Some residents rebuilt, others moved. Flooding also destroyed the town of Scottsburg on the nearby <a href="/wiki/Kings_River_(California)" title="Kings River (California)">Kings River</a> that winter. Rebuilt on higher ground, Scottsburg was renamed Centerville.<a href="#cite_note-CGN14-15">[15]</a> In 1867, Anthony Easterby purchased land bounded by the present Chestnut, Belmont, Clovis and California avenues, that today is called the <a href="/wiki/Sunnyside,_Fresno_County,_California" title="Sunnyside, Fresno County, California">Sunnyside district</a>. Unable to grow wheat for lack of water, he hired sheep man Moses Church in 1870 to create an irrigation system.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Building new canals and purchasing existing ditches, Church then formed the Fresno Canal and Irrigation Company, a predecessor of the Fresno Irrigation District. In 1872, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Pacific_Railroad" title="Central Pacific Railroad">Central Pacific Railroad</a> established a station near Easterby's—by now a hugely productive wheat farm—for its new <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific</a> line. Soon there was a store near the station and the store grew into the town of Fresno Station, later called Fresno. At that time, Mariposa street was the main artery, a rough dusty or muddy depression.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Many Millerton residents, drawn by the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding, moved to the new community. Fresno became an incorporated city in 1885. In 1903, the faltering San Joaquin Power Company was renamed the San Joaquin Light and Power Corporation and included the Fresno City Water Company and the Fresno City Railway.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> By 1931 the railway, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Traction_Company" title="Fresno Traction Company">Fresno Traction Company</a>, operated 47 <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcars</a> over 49 miles (79 km) of track.<a href="#cite_note-hwd-19">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Fresno_High_School_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Old_Fresno_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Old_Fresno_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="642"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Old_Fresno_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Old_Fresno_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Old_Fresno_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Old_Fresno_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Old_Fresno_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Old_Fresno_High_School_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresno_High_School" title="Fresno High School">Fresno High School</a> in 1896</figcaption></figure> Two years after the station was established, county residents voted to move the county seat from Millerton to Fresno. When the <a href="/wiki/Friant_Dam" title="Friant Dam">Friant Dam</a> was completed in 1944, the site of Millerton became inundated by the waters of <a href="/wiki/Millerton_Lake" title="Millerton Lake">Millerton Lake</a>. In extreme droughts, when the reservoir shrinks, ruins of the original county seat can still be observed. In the nineteenth century, with so much wooden construction and in the absence of sophisticated firefighting resources, fires often ravaged American frontier towns. The greatest of Fresno's early-day fires, in 1882, destroyed an entire block of the city. Another devastating blaze struck in 1883. In 1909, Fresno's first and oldest <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_Israel_(Fresno,_California)" title="Temple Beth Israel (Fresno, California)">Temple Beth Israel</a>, was founded. As a result of its remoteness from the great universities of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a>, Fresno became a statewide leader in educational innovation. In 1910, <a href="/wiki/Fresno_High_School" title="Fresno High School">Fresno High School</a> was the first California high school to take advantage of the Upward Extension Act of 1907 to offer lower-division college-level coursework to local high school graduates who wanted to attend college but were reluctant to move hundreds of miles away to do so.<a href="#cite_note-Boggs_Page_5-20">[20]</a> The high school's Collegiate Department evolved into <a href="/wiki/Fresno_City_College" title="Fresno City College">Fresno City College</a>, the oldest community college in California and the second oldest in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Boggs_Page_5-20">[20]</a> In the 1920s and 1930s, Fresno State Teachers College was at the forefront of the evolution of the state teachers colleges into state colleges offering a broad <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_education" title="Liberal arts education">liberal arts education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gerth7-21">[21]</a> The state colleges later became the <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a> and Fresno State became <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Fresno" title="California State University, Fresno">California State University, Fresno</a>. Fresno entered the ranks of the 100 most populous cities in the United States in 1960 with a population of 134,000. Thirty years later, in the 1990 census, it moved up to 47th place with 354,000, and in the census of 2000, it achieved 37th place with 428,000.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_County,_Cal_(1904)_(14597374327)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Fresno_County%2C_Cal_%281904%29_%2814597374327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Fresno_County%2C_Cal_%281904%29_%2814597374327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3285" data-file-height="2197"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Fresno_County%2C_Cal_%281904%29_%2814597374327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Fresno_County%2C_Cal_%281904%29_%2814597374327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Fresno_County%2C_Cal_%281904%29_%2814597374327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Fresno_County%2C_Cal_%281904%29_%2814597374327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Fresno_County%2C_Cal_%281904%29_%2814597374327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Fresno_County%2C_Cal_%281904%29_%2814597374327%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Downtown Fresno in 1904</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Sanitary_Landfill" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresno Sanitary Landfill">Fresno Municipal Sanitary Landfill</a> was the first modern <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfill</a> in the United States, and incorporated several important innovations to waste disposal, including trenching, compacting, and the daily covering of trash with dirt. It was opened in 1937 and closed in 1987. It is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a> site.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Before World War II, Fresno had many ethnic neighborhoods, including Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_Americans_in_Fresno#Fresno_Chinatown" title="History of Chinese Americans in Fresno">Chinatown</a>. In 1940, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a> reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white, 3.3% black and 2.7% Asian.<a href="#cite_note-census-24">[24]</a> Chinatown was primarily a Japanese neighborhood and today few Japanese-American businesses remain.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> During 1942, <a href="/wiki/Pinedale,_California" title="Pinedale, California">Pinedale</a>, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Pinedale,_California" title="Pinedale, California">Pinedale Assembly Center</a>, an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese Americans</a> to <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American_internment" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American internment">internment camps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Fairgrounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresno Fairgrounds">Fresno Fairgrounds</a> were also utilized as an assembly center. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Grand_1401,_Fresno,_CA_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_Grand_1401%2C_Fresno%2C_CA_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-The_Grand_1401%2C_Fresno%2C_CA_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1851" data-file-height="2078"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 247px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_Grand_1401%2C_Fresno%2C_CA_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-The_Grand_1401%2C_Fresno%2C_CA_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="247" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_Grand_1401%2C_Fresno%2C_CA_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-The_Grand_1401%2C_Fresno%2C_CA_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/The_Grand_1401%2C_Fresno%2C_CA_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-The_Grand_1401%2C_Fresno%2C_CA_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Light_and_Power_Corporation_Building" title="San Joaquin Light and Power Corporation Building">San Joaquin Light and Power Corporation Building</a>, built in 1923</figcaption></figure> Row crops and orchards gave way to urban development particularly in the period after World War II; this transition was particularly vividly demonstrated in locations such as the <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Avenue" title="Blackstone Avenue">Blackstone Avenue</a> corridor. Fresno's geographical remoteness also made it an early pioneer in the field now known as <a href="/wiki/Fintech" title="Fintech">fintech</a>, long before the term was invented. In September 1958, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a> launched a new product called <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc.#History" title="Visa Inc.">BankAmericard</a> in Fresno. The city was specifically selected in part for its remoteness, to limit damage to the bank's image in case the project failed.<a href="#cite_note-Nocera_Page_25-27">[27]</a> After a troubled gestation during which its creator resigned, BankAmericard went on to become the world's first successful <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit card</a>. This financial instrument was usable across a large number of merchants and also allowed cardholders to revolve a balance (earlier financial products could do one or the other but not both). In 1970, BankAmericard was spun off into a separate company, and in 1976, that company became <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa Inc.</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="869"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 222px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="222" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Downtown_Fresno_in_1964_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bank of America building in Downtown Fresno, 1964</figcaption></figure> In the 1960s, Fresno suffered numerous demolitions of historic buildings, including the old <a href="/wiki/Fresno_County_Courthouse" title="Fresno County Courthouse">Fresno County Courthouse</a> and the original buildings of <a href="/wiki/Edison_High_School_(Fresno,_California)" title="Edison High School (Fresno, California)">Edison High School</a>. This was the result of car-centric urban planning focused on making more room for cars and parking lots, a commonplace approach in the United States at that time. The dance style commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Popping_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popping (dance)">popping</a> evolved in Fresno in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-holman-28">[28]</a> In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Rezone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Rezone (page does not exist)">Operation Rezone</a> sting resulted in several prominent Fresno and <a href="/wiki/Clovis,_California" title="Clovis, California">Clovis</a> politicians being charged in connection with taking bribes in return for <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">rezoning</a> farmland for housing developments. Before the sting brought a halt to it, housing developers could buy farmland cheaply, pay off council members to have it rezoned, and make a large profit building and selling inexpensive housing. Sixteen people were eventually convicted as a result of the sting.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In the early 2000s, Fresno's two major venues were built, <a href="/wiki/Chukchansi_Park" title="Chukchansi Park">Chukchansi Park</a> (2002) and <a href="/wiki/Save_Mart_Center" title="Save Mart Center">Save Mart Center</a> (2003). The <a href="/wiki/2017_Fresno_shootings" title="2017 Fresno shootings">2017 Fresno shootings</a> resulted in the death of 4 people. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Fresno,_California_(21385604348).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Downtown_Fresno%2C_California_%2821385604348%29.jpg/300px-Downtown_Fresno%2C_California_%2821385604348%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Downtown_Fresno%2C_California_%2821385604348%29.jpg/300px-Downtown_Fresno%2C_California_%2821385604348%29.jpg" data-width="300" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Downtown_Fresno%2C_California_%2821385604348%29.jpg/450px-Downtown_Fresno%2C_California_%2821385604348%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Downtown_Fresno%2C_California_%2821385604348%29.jpg/600px-Downtown_Fresno%2C_California_%2821385604348%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of Fresno</figcaption></figure> Fresno has a total area of 116 square miles (300 km2) with 98.96% land covering 114.79 square miles (297.3 km2), and 1.04% water, 1.21 square miles (3.1 km2). Fresno's location, very near the geographical center of California, places the city a comfortable distance from many of the major recreation areas and urban centers in the state. Just 60 mi (97 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a>, it is the nearest major city to the park. Likewise, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_National_Forest" title="Sierra National Forest">Sierra National Forest</a> is 40 mi (64 km), <a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon National Park</a> is 60 mi (97 km) and <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia National Park</a> is 75 mi (121 km). The city is located near several <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a> lakes including <a href="/wiki/Bass_Lake,_California" title="Bass Lake, California">Bass Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaver_Lake" title="Shaver Lake">Shaver Lake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Lake" title="Huntington Lake">Huntington Lake</a>. Fresno is also only two and a half hours from <a href="/wiki/Monterey" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey">Monterey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmel-by-the-Sea,_California" title="Carmel-by-the-Sea, California">Carmel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a> and the central coast. Because Fresno sits at the junction of Highways <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_41" title="California State Route 41">41</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_99" title="California State Route 99">99</a> (SR 41 is Yosemite National Park's southern access road, and SR 99 bypasses <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5_in_California" title="Interstate 5 in California">Interstate 5</a> to serve the urban centers of the San Joaquin Valley), the city is a major gateway for Yosemite visitors coming from <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. The city also serves as an entrance into Sierra National Forest via Highway <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_168" title="California State Route 168">168</a>, and Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks via Highway <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_180" title="California State Route 180">180</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_(14773627983)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_%2814773627983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_%2814773627983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4545" data-file-height="3048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_%2814773627983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_%2814773627983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_%2814773627983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_%2814773627983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_%2814773627983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Tulare_St_at_Fulton_Mall_Downtown_Fresno_-_140724_8AM_%2814773627983%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Tulare Street in Downtown Fresno</figcaption></figure> Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Park_(Fresno)" title="Woodward Park (Fresno)">Woodward Park</a>, which features the <a href="/wiki/Shinzen_Young" title="Shinzen Young">Shinzen</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Garden">Japanese Gardens</a>, boasts numerous picnic areas and several miles of trails. It is in North Fresno and is adjacent to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Joaquin_River_Parkway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Joaquin River Parkway (page does not exist)">San Joaquin River Parkway</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roeding_Park" title="Roeding Park">Roeding Park</a>, near Downtown Fresno, is home to the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Chaffee_Zoo" title="Fresno Chaffee Zoo">Fresno Chaffee Zoo</a>, and Rotary Storyland and <a href="/wiki/Playland_(Fresno)" title="Playland (Fresno)">Playland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kearney_Park_(Fresno)" title="Kearney Park (Fresno)">Kearney Park</a> is the largest of the Fresno region's park system and is home to historic Kearney Mansion and plays host to the annual Civil War Revisited, the largest reenactment of the Civil War in the west coast of the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In its 2023 ParkScore ranking, <a href="/wiki/Trust_for_Public_Land" title="Trust for Public Land">The Trust for Public Land</a>, a national land conservation organization, reported that Fresno had one of the worst park systems among the 100 most populous U.S. cities, with only 5% of city land being used for parks and recreation.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The survey measures median park size, park acres as percent of city area, residents' access to parks, spending on parks per resident, and playgrounds per 10,000 residents. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Downtown">Downtown</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Downtown" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Californian_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hotel_Californian_1.JPG/220px-Hotel_Californian_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hotel_Californian_1.JPG/220px-Hotel_Californian_1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hotel_Californian_1.JPG/330px-Hotel_Californian_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hotel_Californian_1.JPG/440px-Hotel_Californian_1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The historic Californian Hotel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg/150px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="2190"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 259px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg/150px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="259" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg/225px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg/300px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoWaterTower-F.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Fresno_Water_Tower" title="Old Fresno Water Tower">Old Fresno Water Tower</a>, built in 1894 and designed by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Maher" title="George W. Maher">George W. Maher</a>, is one of Fresno's oldest landmarks.</figcaption></figure> <a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The Central Pacific Railroad built a small wooden depot in 1872. In 1889, the Southern Pacific Railroad, which had acquired Central Pacific, constructed a new depot on the original depot site. The brick Queen Anne style depot was a jewel for the city and is one of Fresno's oldest standing buildings. In 1971, 99 years after it first opened for business on its current site, the Depot closed its rail operations due to the decline in business.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Between the 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric streetcars,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> and contained a number of "lavish" and "opulent" buildings.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished), the <a href="/wiki/Old_Fresno_Water_Tower" title="Old Fresno Water Tower">Old Fresno Water Tower</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy_(Fresno,_California)" title="Bank of Italy (Fresno, California)">Bank of Italy Building</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Southwest_Building" title="Pacific Southwest Building">Pacific Southwest Building</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Light_and_Power_Corporation_Building" title="San Joaquin Light and Power Corporation Building">San Joaquin Light and Power Building</a> (currently known as the Grand 1401), and the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edwin_Hughes" title="Thomas Edwin Hughes">Hughes Hotel</a> (burned down), to name a few. Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno was Fresno's main financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_malls_in_the_United_States" title="Pedestrian malls in the United States">pedestrian malls</a> in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Renamed the <a href="/wiki/Fulton_Mall_(Fresno)" title="Fulton Mall (Fresno)">Fulton Mall</a>, the area contains the densest collection of historic buildings in Fresno. While the Fulton Mall corridor has suffered a sharp decline from its heyday, the Mall includes some of the finest public art pieces in the country, including a casting of <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>'s bronze "The Washer Woman", reportedly the only one of the six castings that one can walk up to and touch. In October 2017, the City of Fresno finished and opened Fulton Mall to traffic, becoming Fulton Street. This change was celebrated with a large public parade featuring current mayor Lee Brand and former mayor Ashley Swearengin.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The public art pieces will be restored and placed near their current locations and will feature wide sidewalks (up to 28' on the east side of the street) to continue with the pedestrian-friendly environment of the district.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tower_District">Tower District</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tower District" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_Theater_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tower_Theater_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Tower_Theater_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2185" data-file-height="2327"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 234px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tower_Theater_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Tower_Theater_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="234" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tower_Theater_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Tower_Theater_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tower_Theater_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Tower_Theater_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The historic <a href="/wiki/Tower_Theatre_(Fresno,_California)" title="Tower Theatre (Fresno, California)">Tower Theatre for the Performing Arts</a>, built in 1939</figcaption></figure> The historic <a href="/wiki/Tower_Theatre_(Fresno,_California)" title="Tower Theatre (Fresno, California)">Tower Theatre</a>, which is included on the National Register of Historic Places,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> is the center of the Tower District. The theater was built in 1939 at the corner of Olive and Wishon Avenues. The Tower District neighborhood is just north of downtown Fresno proper, and one-half mile south of Fresno City College.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Although the neighborhood was known as a residential area, the early commercial establishments of the Tower District began with small shops and services that flocked to the area shortly after World War II. The character of small local businesses largely remains today. To some extent, the businesses of the Tower District were developed due to the proximity of the original Fresno Normal School (later renamed <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Fresno" title="California State University, Fresno">California State University at Fresno</a>). In 1916, the college moved to what is now the site of <a href="/wiki/Fresno_City_College" title="Fresno City College">Fresno City College</a> one-half mile north<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> of the Tower District. After decades of neglect and suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s, which at that time showed second- and third-run movies, along with classic films. Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & <a href="/wiki/Good_Company_Players" title="Good Company Players">Good Company Players</a> also opened nearby in 1978,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> at Olive and Wishon Avenues. Fresno native <a href="/wiki/Audra_McDonald" title="Audra McDonald">Audra McDonald</a> performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz at the theater while she was a high school student. McDonald subsequently became a leading performer on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> in New York City and a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony award</a>-winning actress. Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players' 2nd Space Theatre. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FresnoCC-Library_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FresnoCC-Library_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-FresnoCC-Library_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2799" data-file-height="1579"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FresnoCC-Library_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-FresnoCC-Library_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FresnoCC-Library_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-FresnoCC-Library_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/FresnoCC-Library_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-FresnoCC-Library_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The main library at <a href="/wiki/Fresno_City_College" title="Fresno City College">City College</a> was built in 1933.</figcaption></figure> The Tower District is a hub for community events such as Jamaica My Weekend, Mardi Gras in February, <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Gay Pride Parade</a>, car shows, A Taste of The Tower, Halloween in the Tower, the <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_market" title="Farmers' market">Farmers' market</a> opened on the northwest corner of Olive and Van Ness and LitHop, an annual literary festival, featuring mostly local writers. The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores on or near Olive Avenue. Since renewal, the Tower District has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses. The Tower District is known as the center of Fresno's <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)" title="Hipster (contemporary subculture)">hipster</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades. The area includes many <a href="/wiki/California_Bungalow" class="mw-redirect" title="California Bungalow">California Bungalow</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Craftsman" title="American Craftsman">American Craftsman</a> style homes, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Revival Style architecture">Mediterranean Revival Style architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Revival Style architecture">Mission Revival Style architecture</a>, and many <a href="/wiki/Storybook_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Storybook house">Storybook houses</a> designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The residential architecture of the Tower District contrasts with the newer areas of tract homes <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> in north and east areas of Fresno. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Woodward_Park">Woodward Park</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Woodward Park" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG/220px-Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG/220px-Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG/330px-Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG/440px-Woodward_Park_Library1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Woodward Park Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_County_Public_Library" title="Fresno County Public Library">Fresno County Public Library</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG/220px-Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG/220px-Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG/330px-Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG/440px-Woodward_Park_Nima1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Woodward_Park_(Fresno)" title="Woodward Park (Fresno)">Woodward Park</a></figcaption></figure> In the northeastern part of Fresno, <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Park_(Fresno)" title="Woodward Park (Fresno)">Woodward Park</a> was founded by the late Ralph Woodward, a long-time Fresno resident. He bequeathed a major portion of his estate in 1968 to provide a regional park and <a href="/wiki/Bird_sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird sanctuary">bird sanctuary</a> in Northeast Fresno. The park lies on the southern bank of the San Joaquin River between Highway 41 and Friant Road. The initial 235 acres (0.95 km2), combined with additional acres acquired later by the city, brings the park to a sizable 300 acres (1.2 km2).<a href="#cite_note-CityFresno-45">[45]</a> Now packed with amenities, Woodward Park is the only Regional Park of its size in the Central Valley. The park has a multi-use <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a> that seats up to 2,500 people, an authentic Japanese Garden, fenced dog park, bike park, two playgrounds, two-mile (3 km) equestrian trail, exercise par course, three children's playgrounds, a lake, three small ponds, seven picnic areas, and five miles (8 km) of multipurpose trails that are part of the San Joaquin River Parkway's Lewis S. Eaton Trail. When complete, the Lewis S. Eaton trail system will cover 22 miles (35 km) between Highway 99 and Friant Dam. The park's amphitheatre was renovated in 2010, and has hosted performances by acts such as <a href="/wiki/Deftones" title="Deftones">Deftones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tech_N9ne" title="Tech N9ne">Tech N9ne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sevendust" title="Sevendust">Sevendust</a> as well as numerous others. Woodward Park hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/California_Interscholastic_Federation" title="California Interscholastic Federation">California Interscholastic Federation</a> State Championship <a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">cross country</a> meet. It is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodward Shakespeare Festival">Woodward Shakespeare Festival</a> which began performances in the park in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-FresBee-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fig_Garden">Fig Garden</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fig Garden" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Located in the western portion of Fresno, <a href="/wiki/Old_Fig_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Fig Garden">Old Fig Garden</a> is an unincorporated community that, over time, has been completely encircled by the city of Fresno. Fig Garden was created in 1947, as the then-known Fig Garden Men's club achieved nonprofit corporate status, allowing itself to have much more governance.<a href="#cite_note-Fig_garden_mission-47">[47]</a> In 1979, the name was changed to Fig Garden Home Owners Association.<a href="#cite_note-Fig_garden_mission-47">[47]</a> Fig Garden is unique to the rest of Fresno, as it features largely no sidewalks and is lined with various large trees. The homes are well-maintained and landscaped due to strict regulations from the homeowners association. Due to a tax Fig Garden residences voted for, there is nearly round-the-clock sheriff service within the district.<a href="#cite_note-Fig_garden_mission-47">[47]</a> The district hosts the Fig Garden Christmas Tree Lane, which is a nationally recognized event.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> There is also an upscale swim and racquet club located in northwestern Fig garden, which has multiple amenities including a heated lap pool, massage therapy, daycare, etc.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Towards the northern boundary there is a shopping center called Fig Garden Village which hosts a plethora of upscale shopping opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG/220px-Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG/220px-Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG/330px-Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG/440px-Fresno_Free_Speech_Fight_of_the_Industrial_Works_of_the_World.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mariposa Plaza in downtown</figcaption></figure> Fresno has a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> BSh, bordering BSk), with cool, mild winters and long, hot, dry summers.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> December and January are the coldest months, averaging 47.5 °F (8.6 °C) and 48.0 °F (8.9 °C), respectively; mornings see temperatures at or below freezing, with the coldest night of the year typically bottoming out around 29 °F (−1.7 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-52">[52]</a> July is the warmest month, averaging 83.5 °F (28.6 °C); normally, there are 38 days of 100 °F (37.8 °C)+ highs and 113 days of 90 °F (32.2 °C)+ highs, and between July and August, there are only 3.6 days where the high does not reach 90 °F (32.2 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-52">[52]</a> Summers provide considerable sunshine, with July exceeding 96 percent of the total possible sunlight hours; conversely, December is the lowest with only 42 percent of the daylight time in sunlight because of <a href="/wiki/Tule_fog" title="Tule fog">tule fog</a>. However, the year averages 81% of possible sunshine, for a total of 3550 hours.<a href="#cite_note-HKO-53">[53]</a> Average annual precipitation is around 11 inches (279 mm). Most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from the northwest, as winds are driven downward along the axis of the <a href="/wiki/California_Central_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="California Central Valley">California Central Valley</a>; in December, January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Fresno meteorology was selected in a national <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a> study for analysis of <a href="/wiki/Equilibrium_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrium temperature">equilibrium temperature</a> for use of ten-year <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorological</a> data to represent a warm, dry western United States locale.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monthly_Climate_Normals_(1991-2020)_-_Fresno_Area,_CA(ThreadEx).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Fresno_Area%2C_CA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/220px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Fresno_Area%2C_CA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="516"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 203px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Fresno_Area%2C_CA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/220px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Fresno_Area%2C_CA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="203" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Fresno_Area%2C_CA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/330px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Fresno_Area%2C_CA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Fresno_Area%2C_CA%28ThreadEx%29.svg/440px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Fresno_Area%2C_CA%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Climate chart for Fresno</figcaption></figure> The official record high temperature for Fresno is 115 °F (46.1 °C), set on July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 °F (−8 °C), set on January 6, 1913. The average windows for temperatures of 100 °F (37.8 °C)+ are June 2 through September 15; for temperatures of 90 °F (32.2 °C)+, April 25 through October 10; and for freezing temperatures, December 14 through January 24, although no freeze occurred during the 1983–84 or 2020–21 winter seasons. Annual rainfall has ranged from 23.57 inches (598.7 mm) in the "rain year" from July 1982 to June 1983 down to 4.43 inches (112.5 mm) from July 1933 to June 1934. The most rainfall in one month was 9.54 inches (242.3 mm) in November 1885 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on November 18, 1885.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-52">[52]</a> Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 46.5 days annually. Snow is a rarity; the heaviest snowfall at the airport was 2.2 inches (5.6 cm) on January 21–22, 1962.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-52">[52]</a> <div class="center"><div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Fresno, California (<a href="/wiki/Fresno_Yosemite_International_Airport" title="Fresno Yosemite International Airport">Fresno Airport</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-56">[a]</a> extremes 1881–present<a href="#cite_note-57">[b]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78 (26) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84 (29) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101 (38) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110 (43) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">112 (44) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">115 (46) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">113 (45) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">114 (46) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77 (25) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">115 (46) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1 (20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.7 (23.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.9 (27.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.8 (32.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.0 (37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105.9 (41.1) </td> <td style="background: #F60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107.7 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107.1 (41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103.1 (39.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.2 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.6 (26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4 (19.7) </td> <td style="background: #EB0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">109.2 (42.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.4 (13.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3 (16.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5 (19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.7 (23.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.7 (28.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.4 (33.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.7 (36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.5 (35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.7 (32.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9 (18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.3 (12.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76.3 (24.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0 (8.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3 (11.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.4 (14.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.3 (16.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.2 (21.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.6 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.5 (28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2 (27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.1 (25.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7 (19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.1 (12.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.5 (8.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">65.0 (18.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6 (4.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.3 (6.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3 (8.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.9 (10.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6 (14.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9 (17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.9 (19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.4 (17.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.6 (12.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.4 (7.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.8 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53.7 (12.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5 (−0.8) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (0.8) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 (2.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.4 (4.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7 (8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.9 (11.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1 (15.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.7 (15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.8 (12.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.6 (7.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (−1.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.8 (−1.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (−8) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (0) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 (6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (10) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 (9) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 (3) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 (−8) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17 (−8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.16 (55) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.93 (49) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.90 (48) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.04 (26) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.42 (11) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.24 (6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.03 (0.76) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.00 (0.00) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.05 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.56 (14) </td> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.87 (22) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.79 (45) </td> <td style="background: #DBFFDB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.99 (279) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.3 </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.2 </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.9 </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.4 </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3 </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.9 </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.2 </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.7 </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.0 </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5 </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1 </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.2 </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.4 (4.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.4 (5.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2 (6.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2 (6.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3 (7.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9 (9.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3 (11.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.1 (12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.6 (10.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3 (8.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2 (6.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.6 (4.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.9 (7.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196.9 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">286.2 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">335.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">398.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">412.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF51; color:#000000;" class="notheme">428.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">399.6 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">345.9 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">302.3 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.9 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.1 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,564.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew points and sun 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOAA_Fresno-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Summary_of_Monthly_Normals_-_1991%E2%80%932020-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fresno_NOAA_sun-60">[58]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Fresno,_California.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Fresno, California.tab">raw graph data</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno-Madera_CSA.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fresno-Madera_CSA.png/220px-Fresno-Madera_CSA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="489"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fresno-Madera_CSA.png/220px-Fresno-Madera_CSA.png" data-width="220" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Fresno-Madera_CSA.png/330px-Fresno-Madera_CSA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Fresno-Madera_CSA.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Metropolitan Fresno</a> and its components: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> Fresno County</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Madera County</div></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>1,112</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>10,818</td><td></td><td>872.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>12,470</td><td></td><td>15.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>24,892</td><td></td><td>99.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>45,086</td><td></td><td>81.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>52,513</td><td></td><td>16.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>60,685</td><td></td><td>15.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>91,669</td><td></td><td>51.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>133,929</td><td></td><td>46.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>165,655</td><td></td><td>23.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>217,491</td><td></td><td>31.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>354,202</td><td></td><td>62.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>427,652</td><td></td><td>20.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>494,665</td><td></td><td>15.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>542,107</td><td></td><td>9.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">545,716</td><td></td><td>0.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-61">[59]</a> 2010–2020<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-7">[7]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> Fresno is the larger principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Fresno-Madera,_CA_CSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresno-Madera, CA CSA">Fresno-Madera CSA</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a> that includes the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a> (Fresno County) and <a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a> (Madera County) metropolitan areas,<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> which had a combined population of 922,516 at the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GR2-10">[10]</a> Fresno is home to numerous ethnic minority communities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong</a> communities. In 1920, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> comprised 9% of the population of the city of Fresno, with 4,000 Armenian residents at the time.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Armenian_Town,_Fresno,_California" title="Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California">Old Armenian Town</a> was the old Armenian neighborhood in the center of Fresno. The <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Hmong_in_Fresno,_California" title="History of the Hmong in Fresno, California">Hmong community of Fresno</a>, along with that of <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a>, is one of the largest two urban <a href="/wiki/Hmong_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong American">U.S. ethnic Hmong</a> communities, with just over 24,000 people, or about 5% of the city's population, being of Hmong descent.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsed collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Historical racial composition</th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-census1-66">[64]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census-24">[24]</a></th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census-24">[24]</a></th> <th>1940<a href="#cite_note-census-24">[24]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td> <td>49.6%</td> <td>59.2%</td> <td>86.7%</td> <td>94.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>—Non-Hispanic</td> <td>30.0%</td> <td>49.4%</td> <td>72.6%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-67">[c]</a></td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race)</td> <td>46.9%</td> <td>29.9%</td> <td>16.1%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-67">[c]</a></td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a></td> <td>8.3%</td> <td>8.3%</td> <td>9.6%</td> <td>3.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>12.6%</td> <td>12.5%</td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>2.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Fresno, California – Racial and ethnic composition <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-68">[65]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-69">[66]</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-70">[67]</a> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>159,473 </td> <td>148,598 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">129,705 </td> <td>37.29% </td> <td>30.04% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">23.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>34,357 </td> <td>37,885 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">37,611 </td> <td>8.03% </td> <td>7.66% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">6.94% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,259 </td> <td>3,127 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,501 </td> <td>0.76% </td> <td>0.63% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>47,136 </td> <td>60,939 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">77,243 </td> <td>11.02% </td> <td>12.32% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">14.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>427 </td> <td>663 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">766 </td> <td>0.10% </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>728 </td> <td>984 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2,918 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>0.20% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>11,752 </td> <td>10,414 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">16,592 </td> <td>2.75% </td> <td>2.11% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>170,520 </td> <td>232,055 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">273,771 </td> <td>39.87% </td> <td>46.91% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">50.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>427,520 </td> <td>494,665 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">542,107 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010">2010</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2010" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,700.6/km2). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 40,960 (8.3%) <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 8,525 (1.7%) <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 62,528 (12.6%) <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a> (3.6% <a href="/wiki/Hmong_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong American">Hmong</a>, 1.7% <a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino American">Filipino</a>, 1.2% <a href="/wiki/Laotian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian American">Laotian</a>, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Thai_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai American">Thai</a>, 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian American">Cambodian</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese American">Chinese</a>, 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese American">Vietnamese</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Korean_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean American">Korean</a>), 849 (0.2%) <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 111,984 (22.6%) from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 24,513 (5.0%) from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 232,055 persons (46.9%). Among the Hispanic population, 42.7% of the total population are <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran American">Salvadoran</a>, and 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a>. <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic Whites">Non-Hispanic Whites</a> were 30.0% of the population in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-census1-66">[64]</a> down from 72.6% in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-census-24">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_(5559881135).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_%285559881135%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_%285559881135%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_%285559881135%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_%285559881135%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_%285559881135%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_%285559881135%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_%285559881135%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Fresno_%285559881135%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Fresno, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ White <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Black <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Asian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Hispanic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Other</figcaption></figure> The Census reported that 485,798 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,315 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,552 (0.9%) were institutionalized. There were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">opposite-sex married couples</a> living together, 30,547 (19.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11,698 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12,843 (8.1%) <a href="/wiki/POSSLQ" title="POSSLQ">unmarried opposite-sex partnerships</a>, and 1,388 (0.9%) <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_partnerships" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex partnerships">same-sex married couples or partnerships</a>. 35,064 households (22.1%) were made up of individuals, and 12,344 (7.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 <a href="/wiki/Family_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family (U.S. Census)">families</a> (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62. The age distribution of the population shows 148,823 people (30.1%) under the age of 18, 62,601 people (12.7%) aged 18 to 24, 135,076 people (27.3%) aged 25 to 44, 102,064 people (20.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 46,101 people (9.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males. There were 171,288 housing units at an average density of 1,525.2 per square mile (588.9/km2), of which 158,349 were occupied, of which 77,757 (49.1%) were owner-occupied, and 80,592 (50.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.6%. 235,430 people (47.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 250,368 people (50.6%) lived in rental housing units. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000">2000</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2000" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg/170px-Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1467"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg/170px-Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg/255px-Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg/340px-Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_-_Fresno.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Cathedral_(Fresno,_California)" title="Saint John the Baptist Cathedral (Fresno, California)">St. John the Baptist Cathedral</a>, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fresno" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Fresno">Catholic Diocese of Fresno</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2295" data-file-height="1674"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2009-0725-CA-HolyTrinityArmenianApostolic_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Fresno" title="Holy Trinity Church, Fresno">Holy Trinity Armenian Church</a></figcaption></figure> As of the census<a href="#cite_note-GR2-10">[10]</a> of 2000, there were 427,652 people, 140,079 households, and 97,915 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,097.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,582.2/km2). There were 149,025 housing units at an average density of 1,427.9 square miles (3,698 km2). The racial makeup of the city was 50.2% <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">White</a>, 8.4% <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Black</a> or <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">African American</a>, 1.6% <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Native American</a>, 11.2% <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Asian</a> (about a third of which is <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a>), 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 23.4% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 5.2% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 39.9% of the population. There were 140,079 households, of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.57. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 32.9% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,236, and the median income for a family was $35,892. Males had a median income of $32,279 versus $26,551 for females. The <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> for the city was $15,010. About 20.5% of families and 26.2% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, including 36.5% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1517"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 102px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="102" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Community_Health_Fresno_Nima1_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Community_Regional_Medical_Center" title="Community Regional Medical Center">Community Regional Medical Center</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2782"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 299px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="299" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2009-0725-CA-Fresno-BankofItaly_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy_(Fresno,_California)" title="Bank of Italy (Fresno, California)">Bank of Italy Building</a>, built in 1918</figcaption></figure> Fresno is the center of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Metropolitan Fresno</a> and serves as the regional hub for the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> and the greater <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a> region. The unincorporated area and rural cities surrounding Fresno remain predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production. In 1958, Fresno was selected by <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a> to first launch the <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc.#History" title="Visa Inc.">BankAmericard</a> <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit card</a>, which was later renamed <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a>. Companies based in Fresno include <a href="/wiki/Pelco" title="Pelco">Pelco</a>, Valley Yellow Pages, and <a href="/wiki/Saladino%27s_Inc" title="Saladino's Inc">Saladino's</a>. <dl><dt>Top employers</dt></dl> According to the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,<a href="#cite_note-cafr-72">[69]</a> the top employers in the city are: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Employer </th> <th># of Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Unified_School_District" title="Fresno Unified School District">Fresno Unified School District</a> </td> <td>13,669 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Community_Regional_Medical_Center" title="Community Regional Medical Center">Community Medical Centers</a> </td> <td>9,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Fresno_County,_California" title="Government of Fresno County, California">County of Fresno</a> </td> <td>8,870 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> </td> <td>6,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clovis_Unified_School_District" title="Clovis Unified School District">Clovis Unified School District</a> </td> <td>6,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fresno.gov/">City of Fresno</a> </td> <td>4,605 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> </td> <td>4,230 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foster_Farms" title="Foster Farms">Foster Farms</a> </td> <td>3,063 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valley_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Valley Children's Hospital">Valley Children's Hospital</a> </td> <td>3,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Health_(Livonia,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Health (Livonia, Michigan)">Saint Agnes Medical Center</a> </td> <td>2,900 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Arts and culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue,_Fresno,_California_LCCN2013635151.tif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue%2C_Fresno%2C_California_LCCN2013635151.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue%2C_Fresno%2C_California_LCCN2013635151.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue%2C_Fresno%2C_California_LCCN2013635151.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue%2C_Fresno%2C_California_LCCN2013635151.tif.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue%2C_Fresno%2C_California_LCCN2013635151.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue%2C_Fresno%2C_California_LCCN2013635151.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue%2C_Fresno%2C_California_LCCN2013635151.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Forestiere_Underground_Gardens_at_5021_West_Shaw_Avenue%2C_Fresno%2C_California_LCCN2013635151.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Forestiere_Underground_Gardens" title="Forestiere Underground Gardens">Forestiere Underground Gardens</a> are a vast subterranean network, carved from 1906 to 1946.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FresnoRainforest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FresnoRainforest.jpg/220px-FresnoRainforest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FresnoRainforest.jpg/220px-FresnoRainforest.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FresnoRainforest.jpg/330px-FresnoRainforest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FresnoRainforest.jpg/440px-FresnoRainforest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Chaffee_Zoo" title="Fresno Chaffee Zoo">Fresno Chaffee Zoo</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts_and_music">Performing arts and music</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Performing arts and music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists%27_Repertory_Theatre" title="Artists' Repertory Theatre">Artists' Repertory Theatre</a></li> <li>Children's Musical Theatreworks</li> <li>Center State Productions</li> <li>Fresno Philharmonic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lorenz_International_Keyboard_Concerts" title="Philip Lorenz International Keyboard Concerts">Philip Lorenz International Keyboard Concerts</a></li> <li>Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & 2nd Space Theatre (Good Company Players)</li> <li>Rogue Festival</li> <li>Shine! Theatre<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a></li> <li>Stageworks of Fresno</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodward_Shakespeare_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodward Shakespeare Festival">Woodward Shakespeare Festival</a></li> <li>Youth Orchestras of Fresno</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theaters">Theaters</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Theaters" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilson_Theatre_(Fresno,_California)_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wilson_Theatre_%28Fresno%2C_California%29_001.jpg/220px-Wilson_Theatre_%28Fresno%2C_California%29_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wilson_Theatre_%28Fresno%2C_California%29_001.jpg/220px-Wilson_Theatre_%28Fresno%2C_California%29_001.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wilson_Theatre_%28Fresno%2C_California%29_001.jpg/330px-Wilson_Theatre_%28Fresno%2C_California%29_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wilson_Theatre_%28Fresno%2C_California%29_001.jpg/440px-Wilson_Theatre_%28Fresno%2C_California%29_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The historic Wilson Theatre</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Theater_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azteca Theater (California)">Azteca Theater</a></li> <li>Crest Theatre</li> <li>Liberty Theatre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Theatre_(Fresno,_California)" title="Tower Theatre (Fresno, California)">Tower Theatre</a> – Tower Theatre for the Performing Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warnors_Theatre" title="Warnors Theatre">Warnors Theatre</a> – Warnor's Center for the Performing Arts</li> <li>Wilson Theatre – currently Cornerstone Church</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veteran%27s_Memorial_Auditorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veteran's Memorial Auditorium (page does not exist)">Veteran's Memorial Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Shaghoian_Memorial_Concert_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Shaghoian Memorial Concert Hall (page does not exist)">Paul Shaghoian Memorial Concert Hall</a> - <a href="/wiki/Clovis_North_Educational_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Clovis North Educational Center">Clovis North High School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Museums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG/220px-Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG/220px-Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG/330px-Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG/440px-Fresno_Art_Museum.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Art_Museum" title="Fresno Art Museum">Fresno Art Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>African-American Museum of the San Joaquin Valley</li> <li>Arte Américas</li> <li>Armenian Museum of Fresno</li> <li>Discovery Center</li> <li>William Saroyan House Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestiere_Underground_Gardens" title="Forestiere Underground Gardens">Forestiere Underground Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Art_Museum" title="Fresno Art Museum">Fresno Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearney_Park_(Fresno)" title="Kearney Park (Fresno)">Kearney Mansion Museum</a></li> <li>Legion of Valor Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meux_Home" title="Meux Home">Meux Home Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Fresno_Water_Tower" title="Old Fresno Water Tower">Old Fresno Water Tower</a> Tourist Center</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Chaffee_Zoo" title="Fresno Chaffee Zoo">Fresno Chaffee Zoo</a></li> <li>Sierra Endangered Cat Haven (Fresno County)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_Carnival.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Night_Carnival.JPG/220px-Night_Carnival.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Night_Carnival.JPG/220px-Night_Carnival.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Night_Carnival.JPG/330px-Night_Carnival.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Night_Carnival.JPG/440px-Night_Carnival.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Fresno_Fair" title="The Big Fresno Fair">The Big Fresno Fair</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ani-Jam" title="Ani-Jam">Ani-Me</a> Con (every spring) Fresno's only <a href="/wiki/Anime_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime convention">anime convention</a>.</li> <li>Armenian Grape Blessing (August)<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a></li> <li>ArtHop (first Thursday of every month) <a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Fresno_Fair" title="The Big Fresno Fair">The Big Fresno Fair</a>, 12 days October, the largest event in the Central Valley attracting over 600,000 visitors<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a></li> <li>Taco Truck Throwdown<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a></li> <li>Christmas Tree Lane Every December<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a></li> <li>Fresno LGBT Pride Parade, every June, first held in 1991<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a></li> <li>Grizzly Fest April/May<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a></li> <li>Valley DevFest (Fall) <a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a></li> <li>Vintage Days March or April</li> <li>Greek Fest three days every September</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg/220px-Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="497"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 106px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg/220px-Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="106" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg/330px-Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg/440px-Chukchansi_Park_in_Fresno.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chukchansi_Park" title="Chukchansi Park">Chukchansi Park</a> in Downtown Fresno, home of the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Grizzlies" title="Fresno Grizzlies">Fresno Grizzlies</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="1138"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 72px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="72" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg/330px-2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg/440px-2009-0725-CA-SaveMartCenter.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Save_Mart_Center" title="Save Mart Center">Save Mart Center</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs" title="Fresno State Bulldogs">Fresno State Bulldogs</a></figcaption></figure> Collegiate sports are very popular. <a href="/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_football" title="Fresno State Bulldogs football">Fresno State Bulldogs football</a> program is considered to be the biggest event in terms of sporting events in the city. The term "Red Wave" is the name given to the fans of Fresno State athletics, and as well as "Pride of the Valley" since the university's fanbase represents all of Fresno and California's San Joaquin Valley. The <a href="/wiki/Save_Mart_Center_at_Fresno_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Save Mart Center at Fresno State">Save Mart Center at Fresno State</a> is a multi-purpose <a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">arena</a> on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Fresno" title="California State University, Fresno">California State University, Fresno</a>. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs" title="Fresno State Bulldogs">Fresno State Bulldogs</a> <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team and, for the first five seasons in the <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> (2003–08) hosted the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Falcons" title="Fresno Falcons">Fresno Falcons</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team. It also hosts a wide range of musical acts and other events. Also on the campus of Fresno State is <a href="/wiki/Valley_Children%27s_Stadium" title="Valley Children's Stadium">Valley Children's Stadium</a>, a 41,031-seat <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> stadium. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_football" title="Fresno State Bulldogs football">Fresno State Bulldogs football</a> program. Next to Bulldog Stadium is <a href="/wiki/Pete_Beiden_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Pete Beiden Field">Pete Beiden Field</a>. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_State_Bulldogs_baseball" title="Fresno State Bulldogs baseball">Fresno State Bulldogs baseball</a> program and was home to the Fresno Grizzlies before their move to <a href="/wiki/Chukchansi_Park" title="Chukchansi Park">Chukchansi Park</a> in Downtown Fresno. Fresno's <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Park_(Fresno)" title="Woodward Park (Fresno)">Woodward Park</a> is the location of the <a href="/wiki/California_Interscholastic_Federation" title="California Interscholastic Federation">CIF</a> <a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">Cross Country</a> State Championships, where <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">high schoolers</a> from around the state compete. Additionally the <a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a> course in the park plays host to the <a href="/wiki/National_Bicycle_League" title="National Bicycle League">National Bicycle League</a> State Championships. <a href="/wiki/Ratcliffe_Stadium" title="Ratcliffe Stadium">Ratcliffe Stadium</a>, on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Fresno_City_College" title="Fresno City College">Fresno City College</a>, is a 13,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> stadium. The stadium played host to the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Relays" title="West Coast Relays">West Coast Relays</a>. It is home to the college's football program and is also host to high school football games and track and field events. The Fresno Yacht Club established in 1959 hosts the High Sierra Regatta on <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Lake" title="Huntington Lake">Huntington Lake</a> every July (barring extreme drought) and regular sailing on <a href="/wiki/Millerton_Lake" title="Millerton Lake">Millerton Lake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> List of Fresno-based professional sports teams: <table class="wikitable" style="border: 1px solid #ADADAD; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#adadad; text-align:left;"> <th>Club </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>League (level) </th> <th>Venue </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Grizzlies" title="Fresno Grizzlies">Fresno Grizzlies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Low-A_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-A West">California League</a> (<a href="/wiki/Class_A_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class A (baseball)">Single-A</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chukchansi_Park" title="Chukchansi Park">Chukchansi Park</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Monsters" title="Fresno Monsters">Fresno Monsters</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td>2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Premier_Hockey_League" title="United States Premier Hockey League">United States Premier Hockey League</a> (<a href="/wiki/Junior_ice_hockey" title="Junior ice hockey">junior</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selland_Arena" title="Selland Arena">Selland Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_Fuego_FC" title="Central Valley Fuego FC">Fuego FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Soccer</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USL_League_One" title="USL League One">USL League One</a> </td> <td>Fresno State Soccer Stadium </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG/220px-Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 104px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG/220px-Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="104" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG/330px-Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG/440px-Fresno_City_Hall_Nima1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresno_City_Hall" title="Fresno City Hall">Fresno City Hall</a>, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Erickson" title="Arthur Erickson">Arthur Erickson</a> and completed in 1991</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Fresno_County,_California" title="Government of Fresno County, California">Government of Fresno County, California</a></div> Fresno has a <a href="/wiki/Strong-mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong-mayor">strong-mayor</a> form of government. The mayor (executive branch) is directly elected and the seven city council members (legislative branch) are elected by district with no "at-large" seats. The mayor and council members are elected for no more than two 4-year terms. The mayor's office and council positions are officially nonpartisan and not affiliated with any political party. The current mayor is <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Dyer" title="Jerry Dyer">Jerry Dyer</a>, who is a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (U.S.)">Republican</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_Council">City Council</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: City Council" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>District 1 - Annalisa Perea (Council President)</li> <li>District 2 - Mike Karbassi (Council Vice President)</li> <li>District 3 - Miguel Arias</li> <li>District 4 - Tyler Maxwell</li> <li>District 5 - Luis Chavez</li> <li>District 6 - Garry Bredefeld</li> <li>District 7 - Nelson Esparza</li></ul> </div> Prior to 1901, Fresno's government was under a <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">ward</a> system which allowed for a board of trustees. From the trustees elected by the city wards, a president of the board of trustees would act as <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex-officio</a> mayor however did not hold the title of mayor. Because of this, the President of the board of trustees is not recognized as mayors of the City of Fresno. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts">Courts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Courts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg/220px-RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2573" data-file-height="1594"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg/220px-RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg/330px-RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg/440px-RobertCoyleCourthouse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Coyle_United_States_Courthouse" title="Robert E. Coyle United States Courthouse">Robert E. Coyle Courthouse</a> is one of the two seats of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">Eastern District of California</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg/220px-Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5952" data-file-height="3160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 117px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg/220px-Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="117" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg/330px-Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg/440px-Fifth_District_Court_of_Appeal_Courthouse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The courthouse of the <a href="/wiki/California_Courts_of_Appeal" title="California Courts of Appeal">California Court of Appeal</a> for the Fifth Appellate District</figcaption></figure> Fresno is the county seat of Fresno County. It maintains the main county courthouse on Van Ness in the Fresno County Plaza for criminal and some civil court cases. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">United States District Court, Eastern District of California</a>, has one of its six divisions based in the <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Coyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert E. Coyle">Robert E. Coyle</a> Courthouse. The new courthouse replaced the <a href="/wiki/B.F._Sisk" class="mw-redirect" title="B.F. Sisk">B.F. Sisk</a> Federal Building in 2006 because it did not have enough space for the growing Fresno Division. After extensive renovation, the building reopened in November 2010 as the B.F. Sisk Courthouse serving the <a href="/wiki/California_superior_courts" title="California superior courts">Fresno County Superior Court</a>. Fresno is also the seat of the <a href="/wiki/California_Courts_of_Appeal" title="California Courts of Appeal">Court of Appeal for the Fifth Appellate District</a>, for which a new courthouse was built in 2007 in the old Armenian Town section of downtown Fresno across from the Fresno Convention Center. The Fifth District Court of Appeal's courthouse was formally dedicated as the George N. Zenovich Building, after former <a href="/wiki/State_senator" title="State senator">state senator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Associate_justice" title="Associate justice">associate justice</a> of the Fifth District, <a href="/wiki/George_N._Zenovich" title="George N. Zenovich">George N. Zenovich</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg/220px-Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3036" data-file-height="2072"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg/220px-Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg/330px-Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg/440px-Fresno_county_courthouse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County_Courthouse" title="Fresno County Courthouse">Fresno County Courthouse</a></figcaption></figure> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit">[update]</a>, according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207102134/http://www.co.fresno.ca.us/DepartmentPage.aspx?id=33241">Fresno County Registrar of Voters</a>, the majority of registered voters in both the city and <a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">county of Fresno</a> are registered to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. According to the county registrar's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020001018/http://www.co.fresno.ca.us/DepartmentPage.aspx?id=31479">official final report</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616055919/http://www.barackobama.com/obama-for-america-2012-campaign?source=OM2012_LB_G_Obama2012-search_barack-obama-exact_d1e&gclid=CK6J4YGtra0CFQ5T7AodQUtwpA">U.S. President Barack Obama</a> carried the county 49.99% in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 United States presidential election</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_and_federal_representation">State and federal representation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: State and federal representation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The citizens of Fresno are represented in the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">California State Senate</a> by <a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Anna_Caballero" title="Anna Caballero">Anna Caballero</a> in <a href="/wiki/California%27s_14th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 14th State Senate district">District 14</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Angelique_Ashby" title="Angelique Ashby">Angelique Ashby</a> in <a href="/wiki/California%27s_8th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 8th State Senate district">District 8</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> They are represented in the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">California State Assembly</a> by <a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Berman" title="Marc Berman">Marc Berman</a> in <a href="/wiki/California%27s_23rd_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 23rd State Assembly district">District 23</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Arambula" title="Joaquin Arambula">Joaquin Arambula</a> in <a href="/wiki/California%27s_31st_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 31st State Assembly district">District 31</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> The citizens of Fresno are represented in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> by Representative Jim Costa, Democrat, in <a href="/wiki/California%27s_21st_congressional_district" title="California's 21st congressional district">District 21</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vince_Fong" title="Vince Fong">Vince Fong</a>, Republican, in <a href="/wiki/California%27s_20th_Congressional_District" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 20th Congressional District">District 20</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Madden_Library_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Henry_Madden_Library_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Henry_Madden_Library_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="324"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 122px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Henry_Madden_Library_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Henry_Madden_Library_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="122" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Henry_Madden_Library_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Henry_Madden_Library_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Henry_Madden_Library_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Henry_Madden_Library_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresno_State_Library" title="Fresno State Library">Fresno State Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Fresno" title="California State University, Fresno">California State University, Fresno</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2146" data-file-height="1501"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoCC-OAB_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Old Administration Building at <a href="/wiki/Fresno_City_College" title="Fresno City College">Fresno City College</a>, listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OldAdmin-87">[84]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four-year_institutions">Four-year institutions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Four-year institutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Fresno" title="California State University, Fresno">California State University, Fresno</a> is the main state school in Fresno though the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Merced" title="University of California, Merced">University of California, Merced</a> has its Fresno Center<a href="#cite_note-fresno_center-88">[85]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco" title="University of California, San Francisco">University of California, San Francisco</a> has its Fresno Medical Education Program.<a href="#cite_note-ucsf-fresno-89">[86]</a> Private institutions include <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliant_International_University" title="Alliant International University">Alliant International University</a> (For Profit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Christian_College" title="California Christian College">California Christian College</a> (Private/Freewill Baptist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Pacific_University" title="Fresno Pacific University">Fresno Pacific University</a> (Private/Mennonite Brethren) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Pacific_University_Biblical_Seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresno Pacific University Biblical Seminary">Fresno Pacific University Biblical Seminary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaplan College">Kaplan College</a>, Fresno campus (formerly Maric College)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_(California)" title="National University (California)">National University</a>, Fresno campus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Phoenix" title="University of Phoenix">University of Phoenix</a> (Private) (For Profit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeVry_University" title="DeVry University">DeVry University</a> (Private) (For Profit, Career)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two-year_institutions">Two-year institutions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Two-year institutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Public community colleges include <a href="/wiki/Fresno_City_College" title="Fresno City College">Fresno City College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clovis_Community_College_(California)" title="Clovis Community College (California)">Clovis Community College</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_colleges">Career colleges</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Career colleges" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Phoenix" title="University of Phoenix">University of Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeVry_University" title="DeVry University">DeVry University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Technology_(California/Oregon)" title="Institute of Technology (California/Oregon)">Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley_College" title="San Joaquin Valley College">San Joaquin Valley College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UEI_College" title="UEI College">UEI College</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_K-12_schools">Public K-12 schools</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Public K-12 schools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Unified_School_District" title="Fresno Unified School District">Fresno Unified School District</a></div> Most of Fresno is in the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Unified_School_District" title="Fresno Unified School District">Fresno Unified School District</a> though small portions are served by the <a href="/wiki/Clovis_Unified_School_District" title="Clovis Unified School District">Clovis Unified School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Unified_School_District" title="Central Unified School District">Central Unified School District</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Union_Unified_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Union Unified School District (page does not exist)">Washington Union Unified School District</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_Center_Elementary_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange Center Elementary School District (page does not exist)">Orange Center Elementary School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanger_Unified_School_District" title="Sanger Unified School District">Sanger Unified School District</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Park_Elementary_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Park Elementary School District (page does not exist)">West Park Elementary School District</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_K-12_schools">Private K-12 schools</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Private K-12 schools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Christian_High_School" title="Fresno Christian High School">Fresno Christian High School</a> (Evangelical Christian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Memorial_High_School" title="San Joaquin Memorial High School">San Joaquin Memorial High School</a> (Roman Catholic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Adventist_Academy" title="Fresno Adventist Academy">Fresno Adventist Academy</a> (Seventh Day Adventist)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Newspapers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png/220px-Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="569"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png/220px-Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png" data-width="220" data-height="205" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png/330px-Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png/440px-Fresno_Bee_Building_Feb_2013.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The historic <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Bee_Building" title="Fresno Bee Building">Fresno Bee Building</a>, the newspaper's former headquarters</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Business Journal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fresno_Bee" title="The Fresno Bee">The Fresno Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Community_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Community Alliance (page does not exist)">The Community Alliance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Radio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KMJ_(AM)" title="KMJ (AM)">KMJ</a>, AM 580, 50,000-watt and FM 105.9, is Fresno's first radio station; it began broadcasting in 1922. Its powerful 50,000-watt signal can clearly be heard throughout much of California.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYNO" title="KYNO">KYNO</a> AM 940, 50,000-watt oldies station</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFIG" title="KFIG">KFIG</a> AM 1430, 5,000-watt ESPN affiliate</li> <li>88.1 <a href="/wiki/KFCF" class="mw-redirect" title="KFCF">KFCF</a> is Fresno's Pacifica station, and one of Fresno's few non-commercial, non-corporate radio stations.</li> <li>89.3 <a href="/wiki/KVPR" class="mw-redirect" title="KVPR">KVPR</a>, provides National Public Radio Programming & classical music throughout the Central California region.</li> <li>90.7 <a href="/wiki/KFSR" title="KFSR">KFSR</a> is another non-commercial, non-corporate station that plays a full spectrum format, including Jazz, eclectic, Armenian, and others. Based on the CSUF campus.</li> <li>94.9 <a href="/wiki/KBOS-FM" title="KBOS-FM">KBOS-FM</a> More commonly known as B95 – Fresno's Hip-Hop Station</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> To avoid interference with existing <a href="/wiki/VHF" class="mw-redirect" title="VHF">VHF</a> television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area and those planned for <a href="/wiki/Chico,_California" title="Chico, California">Chico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salinas,_California" title="Salinas, California">Salinas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> decided that Fresno would be a <a href="/wiki/UHF_island" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF island">UHF island</a> (only have <a href="/wiki/UHF" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF">UHF</a> television stations). The first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was KMJ-TV, which debuted on June 1, 1953. KMJ-TV is now known as <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KSEE" title="KSEE">KSEE</a>. Other Fresno stations include <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">O&O</a> <a href="/wiki/KFSN-TV" title="KFSN-TV">KFSN-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KGPE" title="KGPE">KGPE</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KFRE-TV" title="KFRE-TV">KFRE-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Broadcasting">FOX</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KMPH-TV" title="KMPH-TV">KMPH-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNTV</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KMSG-LD" title="KMSG-LD">KMSG-LD</a>, <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> member station <a href="/wiki/KVPT" title="KVPT">KVPT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a> <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">O&O</a> <a href="/wiki/KNSO" title="KNSO">KNSO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">O&O</a> <a href="/wiki/KFTV-DT" title="KFTV-DT">KFTV-DT</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella TV</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KGMC_(TV)" title="KGMC (TV)">KGMC</a>. In partnership with the City of <a href="/wiki/Clovis,_California" title="Clovis, California">Clovis</a>, the City of Fresno opened the Community Media Access Collaborative (CMAC) in April 2012, a <a href="/wiki/Public,_educational,_and_government_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Public, educational, and government access">public, education and government access</a> television station. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Infrastructure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> Since 2010, statewide <a href="/wiki/Droughts_in_California" title="Droughts in California">droughts in California</a> have strained both Fresno's and the entire Central Valley's <a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">water security</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> The city uses surface water from Millerton Lake and Pine Flat Reservoir to supply a pair of water treatment plants.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Highways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cal_State_Route_41.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cal_State_Route_41.jpg/220px-Cal_State_Route_41.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cal_State_Route_41.jpg/220px-Cal_State_Route_41.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cal_State_Route_41.jpg/330px-Cal_State_Route_41.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cal_State_Route_41.jpg/440px-Cal_State_Route_41.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The interchange between State Routes 41 and 180 in Downtown Fresno</figcaption></figure> Fresno is served by <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_99" title="California State Route 99">State Route 99</a>, the main north–south freeway that connects the major population centers of California's Central Valley. <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_168" title="California State Route 168">State Route 168</a>, the Sierra Freeway, heads east to the city of <a href="/wiki/Clovis,_California" title="Clovis, California">Clovis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Lake" title="Huntington Lake">Huntington Lake</a>. <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_41" title="California State Route 41">State Route 41</a> (Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway) comes into Fresno from <a href="/wiki/Atascadero" class="mw-redirect" title="Atascadero">Atascadero</a> in the south, and then heads north to <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a>. <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_180" title="California State Route 180">State Route 180</a> (Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west via <a href="/wiki/Mendota,_California" title="Mendota, California">Mendota</a>, and then east through the city of <a href="/wiki/Reedley,_California" title="Reedley, California">Reedley</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon National Park</a>. Fresno is the most populous U.S. city not directly linked to an <a href="/wiki/Interstate_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highway">Interstate highway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> When the Interstate Highway System was created in the 1950s, the decision was made to build what is now <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 5 (California)">Interstate 5</a> on the west side of the Central Valley, and thus bypass many of the population centers in the region, instead of upgrading what is now State Route 99.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> Due to rapidly rising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding, much discussion has been made to upgrade it to interstate standards and eventually incorporate it into the interstate system, most likely as <a href="/wiki/List_of_future_Interstate_Highways#Interstate_7_or_9" title="List of future Interstate Highways">Interstate 7 or 9</a>. Major improvements to signage, lane width, median separation, vertical clearance, and other concerns are currently underway. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_services">Bus services</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Bus services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg/220px-Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3797" data-file-height="2293"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg/220px-Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg/330px-Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg/440px-Fresno_FAX_bus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Area_Express" title="Fresno Area Express">Fresno Area Express</a> bus</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Area_Express" title="Fresno Area Express">Fresno Area Express</a> (FAX) is the city's primary <a href="/wiki/Public_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transit">public transit</a> system, which operates eighteen routes and Handy Ride, a <a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">paratransit</a> operation. FAX introduced a frequent bus service called FAX15 in January 2017 with buses operating every 15 minutes on Cedar and Shaw Avenues. The FAX Q line, which the agency brands as bus rapid transit, was introduced in February 2018 and offers service as often as every 10 minutes on Blackstone Avenue, Ventura Avenue and Kings Canyon Road.<a href="#cite_note-Department_of_Transportation_%7C_FAX_Q-95">[92]</a> As the county seat and the largest city in the region, Fresno also sees service from neighboring regional bus services including <a href="/wiki/Clovis_Transit" title="Clovis Transit">Clovis Transit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fresno_County_Rural_Transit_Agency" title="Fresno County Rural Transit Agency">Fresno County Rural Transit Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_Area_Regional_Transit" title="Kings Area Regional Transit">Kings Area Regional Transit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Visalia_Transit" title="Visalia Transit">Visalia Transit</a>'s <a href="/wiki/V-LINE" class="mw-redirect" title="V-LINE">V-LINE</a>. Intercity and long-distance bus services are provided by <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_Area_Regional_Transportation_System" title="Yosemite Area Regional Transportation System">Yosemite Area Regional Transportation System</a> added summer seasonal service between Fresno and <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> in May 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Sierra_Star_Yosemite-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bee_bus_route-97">[94]</a> The city once provided <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trolley</a> service during the late 19th and early 20th century. Known as the Fresno City Railway Company and later the <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Traction_Company" title="Fresno Traction Company">Fresno Traction Company</a>, the service operated horse-drawn streetcars from 1887 to 1901. Electric streetcars were introduced in 1903. The electric streetcars were used until 1939.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> A proposal to include a modern <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> system in long-term transportation plans was rejected by the Fresno County Board of Supervisors in January 1987.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Airports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FAT_terminal_building,_11-2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FAT_terminal_building%2C_11-2013.jpg/220px-FAT_terminal_building%2C_11-2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FAT_terminal_building%2C_11-2013.jpg/220px-FAT_terminal_building%2C_11-2013.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FAT_terminal_building%2C_11-2013.jpg/330px-FAT_terminal_building%2C_11-2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FAT_terminal_building%2C_11-2013.jpg/440px-FAT_terminal_building%2C_11-2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Yosemite_International_Airport" title="Fresno Yosemite International Airport">Fresno Yosemite International Airport</a> terminal</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Yosemite_International_Airport" title="Fresno Yosemite International Airport">Fresno Yosemite International Airport</a> (airport code: FAT), formerly known as Fresno Air Terminal, provides regularly scheduled commercial airline service. The airport serves an estimated 1.3 million passengers annually. <a href="/wiki/Fresno_Chandler_Executive_Airport" title="Fresno Chandler Executive Airport">Fresno Chandler Executive Airport</a> (airport code: FCH) is 2 mi (3.2 km) southwest of Downtown Fresno. Built in the 1920s by the <a href="/wiki/Works_Projects_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Works Projects Administration">Works Projects Administration</a>, it is one of the oldest operational airports in California. The airport currently serves as a general aviation airport. <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Sky_Park_Airport" title="Sierra Sky Park Airport">Sierra Sky Park Airport</a> (airport code: E79) in Northwest Fresno is a privately owned airport, but is open to the public. Extra-wide streets surrounding the airport allow for residents of the community to land, taxi down the extra-wide streets, and park their aircraft in a garage at their home. Sierra Sky Park is recognized as the first <a href="/wiki/Airpark" title="Airpark">residential aviation community</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="1591"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2009-0725-CA-FresnoSantaFeStation_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Historic <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Passenger_Depot_(Fresno,_California)" title="Santa Fe Passenger Depot (Fresno, California)">Santa Fe Station</a> in Downtown Fresno</figcaption></figure> Passenger rail service is provided by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquins" title="San Joaquins">San Joaquins</a>. The main passenger rail station is the renovated historic <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Passenger_Depot_(Fresno)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe Passenger Depot (Fresno)">Santa Fe Railroad Depot</a> in Downtown Fresno. The city of Fresno is planned to be served by the future <a href="/wiki/California_High-Speed_Rail" title="California High-Speed Rail">California High-Speed Rail</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> Freight rail service is provided by both the <a href="/wiki/BNSF_Railway" title="BNSF Railway">BNSF Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>, which both operate Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines that cross in Fresno, and both railroads maintain railyards within the city. The shortline <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley_Railroad" title="San Joaquin Valley Railroad">San Joaquin Valley Railroad</a> also operates former Southern Pacific branch lines heading west and south out of the city. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: In popular culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> In the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, "Walking Into Fresno", written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken and recorded by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gallion" title="Bob Gallion">Bob Gallion</a> of the "<a href="/wiki/WWVA_Jamboree" class="mw-redirect" title="WWVA Jamboree">WWVA Jamboree</a>" radio and television show in <a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">Wheeling, West Virginia</a>. Aken also made his first TV appearance playing guitar on the old country-western show at The Fresno Barn.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Fictional residents of the town were portrayed in a 1986 comedic <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a> titled "<a href="/wiki/Fresno_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresno (TV miniseries)">Fresno</a>", featuring <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dabney_Coleman" title="Dabney Coleman">Dabney Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teri_Garr" title="Teri Garr">Teri Garr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grodin" title="Charles Grodin">Charles Grodin</a>, along with numerous other celebrities. The mini series was presented as a parody of the prime time <a href="/wiki/Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap operas</a> popular in the 1980s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> documentarian, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Theroux" title="Louis Theroux">Louis Theroux</a>, visited Fresno, and rode with Fresno police as they dealt with the high drug usage in the city. Additionally, he interviewed many of the individuals involved in the drug scene, some languishing in their habit, and others working to overcome it. From that footage, he produced a British documentary <a href="/wiki/The_City_Addicted_to_Crystal_Meth" title="The City Addicted to Crystal Meth">The City Addicted to Crystal Meth</a>, first aired on August 9, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Fresno is mentioned in the 2009 animation film <a href="/wiki/Monsters_vs._Aliens" title="Monsters vs. Aliens">Monsters vs. Aliens</a>. The 2014 horror film <a href="/wiki/Unfriended" title="Unfriended">Unfriended</a> is set in Fresno along with the 2000 <a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">Motocross</a> film Fresno smooth. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Fresno,_California" title="List of people from Fresno, California">List of people from Fresno, California</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> Fresno's <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a> are:<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><noscript><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="Mexico" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>, Mexico<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><noscript><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="Japan" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōchi (city)">Kōchi</a>, Japan (1965)<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><noscript><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>, Germany (1984)<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><noscript><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" data-alt="Tanzania" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Morogoro" title="Morogoro">Morogoro</a>, Tanzania (1992)<a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><noscript><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="Italy" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, Italy (2000, friendship not sister)<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><noscript><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" data-alt="Armenia" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Vagharshapat" title="Vagharshapat">Vagharshapat</a> (also known as Etchmiadzin), Armenia (2009)<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><noscript><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="France" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a>, France (2016)<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><noscript><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a>, China<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><noscript><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" data-alt="Israel" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula-Gilboa</a>, Israel<a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><noscript><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" data-alt="Kazakhstan" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Taraz" title="Taraz">Taraz</a> (formerly known as Djambul; relationship currently inactive), Kazakhstan<a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><noscript><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="Mexico" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Torreon" class="mw-redirect" title="Torreon">Torreon</a>, Mexico<a href="#cite_note-city-search-104">[101]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Fresno,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Fresno, California">Environmental issues in Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County_Public_Library" title="Fresno County Public Library">Fresno County Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_Police_Department" title="Fresno Police Department">Fresno Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Fresno_shootings" title="2017 Fresno shootings">2017 Fresno shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Fresno_shooting" title="2019 Fresno shooting">2019 Fresno shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans#Mexican_American_communities" title="Mexican Americans">List of Mexican-American communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Hispanic_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations">List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Fresno" title="USS Fresno">USS Fresno</a>, 3 ships</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Mean maxima and minima (i.e., the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Official records for Fresno kept September 1881 to 15 August 1887 at downtown, 16 August 1887 to June 1939 at Fresno City Offices, July 1939 to 20 August 1949 at Chandler Field, and at Fresno Yosemite Int'l since 21 August 1949. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/">Threadex</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fifteen-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_67-1">b</a> From 15% sample </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc">"California Cities by Incorporation Date"</a>. California Association of <a href="/wiki/Local_Agency_Formation_Commission" title="Local Agency Formation Commission">Local Agency Formation Commissions</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc">the original</a> (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+Cities+by+Incorporation+Date&rft.pub=California+Association+of+Local+Agency+Formation+Commissions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calafco.org%2Fdocs%2FCities_by_incorp_date.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fresno.gov/mayor/">"Mayor's Office"</a>. City of Fresno. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403195028/http://www.fresno.gov/Government/MayorsOffice/Default.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor%27s+Office&rft.pub=City+of+Fresno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fresno.gov%2Fmayor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fresno.gov/citymanager/">"City Manager"</a>. City of Fresno. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130113130/https://www.fresno.gov/citymanager/">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Fresno&rft.atitle=City+Manager&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fresno.gov%2Fcitymanager%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cc-4"><a href="#cite_ref-cc_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fresno.gov/citycouncil/">"Fresno City Council"</a>. City of Fresno. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711213955/https://www.fresno.gov/citycouncil/">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2017. 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Retrieved July 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2019_Gazetteer%2F2019_gaz_place_06.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GNIS_277606-6"><a href="#cite_ref-GNIS_277606_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/277606">"Fresno"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fresno&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F277606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuickFacts-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/fresnocitycalifornia/POP010220">"QuickFacts: Fresno city, California"</a>. 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Retrieved August 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction!input.action">"ZIP Code(tm) Lookup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141116111202/https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction!input.action">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2014. 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Page 410. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780403093182" title="Special:BookSources/9780403093182">9780403093182</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-CGN14-15"><a href="#cite_ref-CGN14_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurham1998" class="citation book cs1">Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. 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Los Angeles, CA: Historic Record Company. <q>Mariposa Street, the main artery, was a rough depression</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Fresno+County%2C+California%2C+with+biographical+sketches+of+the+leading+men+and+women+of+the+county+who+have+been+identified+with+its+growth+and+development+from+the+early+days+to+the+present.&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+CA&rft.pub=Historic+Record+Company&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Vandor&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBk1AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicfresno.org/districts/huntington/index.htm">"Huntington Boulevard Historic District (Fresno, California)"</a>. 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January 23, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403191851/http://abc30.com/community-events/city-leaders-plan-to-change-annual-music-festivals-venue/2979230/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2018. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fresnosistercities.com/city/taishan-china/">the original</a> on August 4, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sister+Cities&rft.atitle=Taishan%2C+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffresnosistercities.com%2Fcity%2Ftaishan-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitfresnocounty.org/about-fresno-county/sister-cities/">"VisitFresnoCounty.org - About Fresno County"</a>. www.visitfresnocounty.org. Retrieved September 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visitfresnocounty.org&rft.atitle=VisitFresnoCounty.org+-+About+Fresno+County&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitfresnocounty.org%2Fabout-fresno-county%2Fsister-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFresno%2C+California" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Fresno,_California#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Fresno, California">Bibliography of the history of Fresno, California</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(19)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-19 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-19"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Fresno, California at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Fresno,_California" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Fresno, California">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" class="extiw" title="c:Fresno, California">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Fresno,_California" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Fresno, California">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Fresno,_California" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Fresno, California">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" 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data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Fresno,_California" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Fresno, California">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Fresno,_California" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Fresno, California">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/21px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/21px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/42px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li></ul></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&oldid=1256818205">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&oldid=1256818205</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresno,_California&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 11 November 2024, at 18:45 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C4%8Betr%C4%93ow" title="Asċetrēow – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Asċetrēow" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="فريسنو (كاليفورنيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريسنو (كاليفورنيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B6o" title="Ֆրեզնo – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրեզնo" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(California)" title="Fresno (California) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fresno (California)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(Kaliforniya)" title="Fresno (Kaliforniya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fresno (Kaliforniya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88" title="فرزنو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرزنو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B" title="ফ্রেসনো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রেসনো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фрэсна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэсна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фрэсна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фрэсна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(Kalifornia)" title="Fresno (Kalifornia) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fresno (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(ciutat_de_Calif%C3%B2rnia)" title="Fresno (ciutat de Califòrnia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fresno (ciutat de Califòrnia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Fresno (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Fresno (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_Califfornia" title="Fresno, Califfornia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fresno, Califfornia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahba%CA%BC_Bii%CA%BC_T%C3%B3" title="Dahbaʼ Biiʼ Tó – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dahbaʼ Biiʼ Tó" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%BD%CE%BF_(%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1)" title="Φρέσνο (Καλιφόρνια) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρέσνο (Καλιφόρνια)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A8%C5%9Bno" title="Frèśno – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Frèśno" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(California)" title="Fresno (California) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fresno (California)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(Kalifornia)" title="Fresno (Kalifornia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fresno (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرزنو، کالیفرنیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرزنو، کالیفرنیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(Californie)" title="Fresno (Californie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fresno (Californie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A4_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="فرزنؤ (کاليفؤرنيا) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرزنؤ (کاليفؤرنيا)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%A6%88%EB%85%B8" title="프레즈노 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레즈노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B6%D5%B8_(%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Ֆրեզնո (Կալիֆոռնիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեզնո (Կալիֆոռնիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_Kalifornija" title="Fresno, Kalifornija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fresno, Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(California)" title="Fresno (California) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fresno (California)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(California)" title="Fresno (California) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fresno (California)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95" title="פרזנו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרזנו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ფრესნო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრესნო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_Kaliforni" title="Fresno, Kaliforni – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fresno, Kaliforni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_Kalif%C3%B2ni" title="Fresno, Kalifòni – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fresno, Kalifòni" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frezno" title="Frezno – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frezno" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnas" title="Fresnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fresnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(California)" title="Fresno (California) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fresno (California)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(Kalifornia)" title="Fresno (Kalifornia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fresno (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_Kalifornia" title="Fresno, Kalifornia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fresno, Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8A" title="ഫ്രെസ്‍നൊ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രെസ്‍നൊ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="फ्रेस्नो (कॅलिफोर्निया) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेस्नो (कॅलिफोर्निया)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="ფრესნო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრესნო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="فريزنو (كاليفورنيا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريزنو (كاليفورنيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="فرزنو (کالیفورنیا) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرزنو (کالیفورنیا)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Фрэсна – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Фрэсна" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B,_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेस्नो, क्यालिफोर्निया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रेस्नो, क्यालिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%8E" title="フレズノ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレズノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(California)" title="Fresno (California) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fresno (California)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_i_California" title="Fresno i California – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fresno i California" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(California)" title="Fresno (California) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fresno (California)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88" title="فرینسو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرینسو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(Calif%C3%B2rnia)" title="Fresno (Califòrnia) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fresno (Califòrnia)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_Californie" title="Fresno, Californie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fresno, Californie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(Kalifornia)" title="Fresno (Kalifornia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fresno (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_Kalifornija" title="Fresno, Kalifornija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fresno, Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno_(Kalifor%C5%84ijo)" title="Fresno (Kaliforńijo) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fresno (Kaliforńijo)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%86%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%86%DA%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرێزنۆ، کالیفۆڕنیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرێزنۆ، کالیفۆڕنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фрезно – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фрезно" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2)" title="เฟรสโน (รัฐแคลิฟอร์เนีย) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟรสโน (รัฐแคลิฟอร์เนีย)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_Kaliforniya" title="Fresno, Kaliforniya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fresno, Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Фресно – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фресно" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرنسو، کیلیفورنیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرنسو، کیلیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fresno, California" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%BA" title="弗雷斯诺 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗雷斯诺" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" title="Fresno – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fresno" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%A5%B4" title="佛斯奴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="佛斯奴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%BA" title="弗雷斯诺 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗雷斯诺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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