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distribution</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: joint distribution"> <meta name="keywords" content="joint distribution"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="joint distribution"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6071</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: joint distribution</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6071</span> Analysis of Artificial Hip Joint Using Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Zameer">Syed Zameer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Haneef"> Mohamed Haneef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hip joint plays very important role in human beings as it takes up the whole body forces generated due to various activities. These loads are repetitive and fluctuating depending on the activities such as standing, sitting, jogging, stair casing, climbing, etc. which may lead to failure of Hip joint. Hip joint modification and replacement are common in old aged persons as well as younger persons. In this research study static and Fatigue analysis of Hip joint model was carried out using finite element software ANSYS. Stress distribution obtained from result of static analysis, material properties and S-N curve data of fabricated Ultra High molecular weight polyethylene / 50 wt% short E glass fibres + 40 wt% TiO2 Polymer matrix composites specimens were used to estimate fatigue life of Hip joint using stiffness Degradation model for polymer matrix composites. The stress distribution obtained from static analysis was found to be within the acceptable range.The factor of safety calculated from linear Palmgren linear damage rule is less than one, which indicates the component is safe under the design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20joint" title="hip joint">hip joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20matrix%20composite" title=" polymer matrix composite"> polymer matrix composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20analysis" title=" static analysis"> static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20analysis" title=" fatigue analysis"> fatigue analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20life%20approach" title=" stress life approach"> stress life approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20794/analysis-of-artificial-hip-joint-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6070</span> Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Bonded Single Lap Joint in Composite Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benhamena">A. Benhamena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Aminallah"> L. Aminallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aid"> A. Aid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Benguediab"> M. Benguediab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amrouche"> A. Amrouche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this work is to analyze the severity of interfacial stress distribution in the single lap adhesive joint under tensile loading. The three-dimensional and non-linear finite element method based on the computation of the peel and shear stresses was used to analyze the fracture behaviour of single lap adhesive joint. The effect of the loading magnitude and the overlap length on the distribution of peel and shear stresses was highlighted. A good correlation was found between the FEM simulations and the analytical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%202024-T3%20alloy" title="aluminum 2024-T3 alloy">aluminum 2024-T3 alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-lap%20adhesive%20joints" title=" single-lap adhesive joints"> single-lap adhesive joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interface%20stress%20distributions" title=" Interface stress distributions"> Interface stress distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20nonlinear%20analysis" title=" material nonlinear analysis"> material nonlinear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesive" title=" adhesive"> adhesive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title=" bending moment"> bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16813/non-linear-finite-element-analysis-of-bonded-single-lap-joint-in-composite-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6069</span> A Numerical Study of Adherend Geometry on the Stress Distribution in Adhesively Lap Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Calik">Ahmet Calik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In present study, the effect of adherend geometry on the tensile strength of adhesively single lap aluminum structures joint, bonded was numerically studied using by three dimensional finite element model. Six joint model were investigated. Analyses were performed in ANSYS commercial software. The results shows that the adherends shape has the highest effect on peel and shear stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesive" title="adhesive">adhesive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adherend" title=" adherend"> adherend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20lap%20joints" title=" single lap joints"> single lap joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21920/a-numerical-study-of-adherend-geometry-on-the-stress-distribution-in-adhesively-lap-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6068</span> Development of a New Method for T-Joint Specimens Testing under Shear Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Doubrava">Radek Doubrava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Ruzek"> Roman Ruzek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonstandard tests are necessary for analyses and verification of new developed structural and technological solutions with application of composite materials. One of the most critical primary structural parts of a typical aerospace structure is T-joint. This structural element is loaded mainly in shear, bending, peel and tension. The paper is focused on the shear loading simulations. The aim of the work is to obtain a representative uniform distribution of shear loads along T-joint during the mechanical testing is. A new design of T-joint test procedure, numerical simulation and optimization of representative boundary conditions are presented. The different conditions and inaccuracies both in simulations and experiments are discussed. The influence of different parameters on stress and strain distributions is demonstrated on T-joint made of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic). A special test rig designed by VZLU (Aerospace Research and Test Establishment) for T-shear test procedure is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T-joint" title="T-joint">T-joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear" title=" shear"> shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20testing" title=" mechanical testing"> mechanical testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title=" methodology"> methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17685/development-of-a-new-method-for-t-joint-specimens-testing-under-shear-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6067</span> Computational Models for Accurate Estimation of Joint Forces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Elnour%20Abdelrahman%20Eltayeb">Ibrahim Elnour Abdelrahman Eltayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computational modelling is a method used to investigate joint forces during a movement. It can get high accuracy in the joint forces via subject-specific models. However, the construction of subject-specific models remains time-consuming and expensive. The purpose of this paper was to identify what alterations we can make to generic computational models to get a better estimation of the joint forces. It appraised the impact of these alterations on the accuracy of the estimated joint forces. It found different strategies of alterations: joint model, muscle model, and an optimisation problem. All these alterations affected joint contact force accuracy, so showing the potential for improving the model predictions without involving costly and time-consuming medical images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20force" title="joint force">joint force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20model" title=" joint model"> joint model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation%20problem" title=" optimisation problem"> optimisation problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158393/computational-models-for-accurate-estimation-of-joint-forces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6066</span> Joint Probability Distribution of Extreme Water Level with Rainfall and Temperature: Trend Analysis of Potential Impacts of Climate Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Razmi">Ali Razmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Golian"> Saeed Golian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is known to have the potential to impact adversely hydrologic patterns for variables such as rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature and sea level rise. Long-term average of these climate variables could possibly change over time due to climate change impacts. In this study, trend analysis was performed on rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature and water level data of a coastal area in Manhattan, New York City, Central Park and Battery Park stations to investigate if there is a significant change in the data mean. Partial Man-Kendall test was used for trend analysis. Frequency analysis was then performed on data using common probability distribution functions such as Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), normal, log-normal and log-Pearson. Goodness of fit tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov are used to determine the most appropriate distributions. In flood frequency analysis, rainfall and water level data are often separately investigated. However, in determining flood zones, simultaneous consideration of rainfall and water level in frequency analysis could have considerable effect on floodplain delineation (flood extent and depth). The present study aims to perform flood frequency analysis considering joint probability distribution for rainfall and storm surge. First, correlation between the considered variables was investigated. Joint probability distribution of extreme water level and temperature was also investigated to examine how global warming could affect sea level flooding impacts. Copula functions were fitted to data and joint probability of water level with rainfall and temperature for different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 600 and 1000 was determined and compared with the severity of individual events. Results for trend analysis showed increase in long-term average of data that could be attributed to climate change impacts. GEV distribution was found as the most appropriate function to be fitted to the extreme climate variables. The results for joint probability distribution analysis confirmed the necessity for incorporation of both rainfall and water level data in flood frequency analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20variables" title=" climate variables"> climate variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copula" title=" copula"> copula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20probability" title=" joint probability"> joint probability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49083/joint-probability-distribution-of-extreme-water-level-with-rainfall-and-temperature-trend-analysis-of-potential-impacts-of-climate-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6065</span> Biomechanical Study of a Type II Superior Labral Anterior to Posterior Lesion in the Glenohumeral Joint Using Finite Element Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20A.%20Maldonado%20E.">Javier A. Maldonado E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duvert%20A.%20Puentes%20T."> Duvert A. Puentes T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20F.%20Villegas%20B."> Diego F. Villegas B.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The SLAP lesion (Superior Labral Anterior to Posterior) involves the labrum, causing pain and mobility problems in the glenohumeral joint. This injury is common in athletes practicing sports that requires throwing or those who receive traumatic impacts on the shoulder area. This paper determines the biomechanical behavior of soft tissues of the glenohumeral joint when type II SLAP lesion is present. This pathology is characterized for a tear in the superior labrum which is simulated in a 3D model of the shoulder joint. A 3D model of the glenohumeral joint was obtained using the free software Slice. Then, a Finite Element analysis was done using a general purpose software which simulates a compression test with external rotation. First, a validation was done assuming a healthy joint shoulder with a previous study. Once the initial model was validated, a lesion of the labrum built using a CAD software and the same test was done again. The results obtained were stress and strain distribution of the synovial capsule and the injured labrum. ANOVA was done for the healthy and injured glenohumeral joint finding significant differences between them. This study will help orthopedic surgeons to know the biomechanics involving this type of lesion and also the other surrounding structures affected by loading the injured joint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title="biomechanics">biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20model" title=" computational model"> computational model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glenohumeral%20joint" title=" glenohumeral joint"> glenohumeral joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superior%20labral%20anterior%20to%20posterior%20lesion" title=" superior labral anterior to posterior lesion"> superior labral anterior to posterior lesion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84864/biomechanical-study-of-a-type-ii-superior-labral-anterior-to-posterior-lesion-in-the-glenohumeral-joint-using-finite-element-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6064</span> Design Modification of Lap Joint of Fiber Metal Laminates (CARALL)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaher%20Bano">Shaher Bano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Fida"> Samia Fida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Israr"> Asif Israr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synergistic effect of properties of metals and fibers reinforced laminates has diverted attention of the world towards use of robust composite materials known as fiber-metal laminates in many high performance applications. In this study, modification of an adhesively bonded joint as a single lap joint of carbon fibers based CARALL FML has done to increase interlaminar shear strength of the joint. The effect of different configurations of joint designs such as spews, stepped and modification in adhesive by addition of nano-fillers was studied. Both experimental and simulation results showed that modified joint design have superior properties as maximum force experienced stepped joint was 1.5 times more than the simple lap joint. Addition of carbon nano-tubes as nano-fillers in the adhesive joint increased the maximum force due to crack deflection mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesive%20joint" title="adhesive joint">adhesive joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carbon%20Reinforced%20Aluminium%20Laminate%20%28CARALL%29" title=" Carbon Reinforced Aluminium Laminate (CARALL)"> Carbon Reinforced Aluminium Laminate (CARALL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20metal%20laminates" title=" fiber metal laminates"> fiber metal laminates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spews" title=" spews"> spews</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78274/design-modification-of-lap-joint-of-fiber-metal-laminates-carall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6063</span> Micro-Study of Dissimilar Welded Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzeddin%20Anawa">Ezzeddin Anawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdol-Ghane%20Olabi"> Abdol-Ghane Olabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dissimilar joint between aluminum /titanium alloys (Al 6082 and Ti G2) alloys were successfully achieved by CO2 laser welding with a single pass and without filler material using the overlap joint design. Laser welding parameters ranges combinations were experimentally determined using Taguchi approach with the objective of producing welded joint with acceptable welding profile and high quality of mechanical properties. In this study a joining of dissimilar Al 6082 / Ti G2 was result in three distinct regions fusion area (FA), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the unaffected base metal (BM) in the weldment. These regions are studied in terms of its microstructural characteristics and microhardness which are directly affecting the welding quality. The weld metal was mainly composed of martensite alpha prime. In two different metals in the two different sides of joint HAZ, grain growth was detected. The microhardness of the joint distribution also has shown microhardness increasing in the HAZ of two base metals and a varying microhardness in fusion zone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microharness" title="microharness ">microharness </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20welding%20and%20dissimilar%20jointed%20materials." title=" laser welding and dissimilar jointed materials."> laser welding and dissimilar jointed materials.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6976/micro-study-of-dissimilar-welded-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6062</span> Joint Physical Custody: Lessons from the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Kami%C5%84ska">Katarzyna Kamińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When thinking about custodial arrangements after divorce or separation, there has been a shift from sole custody, particularly maternal preference, to joint physical custody. In many Western countries, an increasing of children with separated parents have joint physical custody, which is believed to be in the best interests of the child, as children can maintain personal relations and direct contact with both parents on a regular basis. The aim of the article is to examine joint physical custody, both from the perspective of the binding legal instruments that are relevant to joint physical custody, the Principles of European Family Law drafted by the CEFL, as well as the international research on this matter. The thesis underlying this paper is that joint physical custody is in itself neither good nor bad, and it depends on how the arrangements are managed by the parents. The paper includes a reflection on joint physical custody in the face of the COVID-19 crisis. The results indicate that in normal circumstances, joint physical custody demands broad communication, and now it times of crisis, we need over-communication about children and plans. Only a very tight and coordinated co-parenting plan make the whole family safer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20physical%20custody" title="joint physical custody">joint physical custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-parenting" title=" co-parenting"> co-parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20welfare" title=" child welfare"> child welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144611/joint-physical-custody-lessons-from-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6061</span> Slip Limit Prediction of High-Strength Bolt Joints Based on Local Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20He">Chang He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Tamura"> Hiroshi Tamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Katsuchi"> Hiroshi Katsuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaqi%20Wang"> Jiaqi Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the aim is to infer the slip limit (static friction limit) of contact interfaces in bolt friction joints by analyzing other bolt friction joints with the same contact surface but in a different shape. By using the Weibull distribution to deal with microelements on the contact surface statistically, the slip limit of a certain type of bolt joint was predicted from other types of bolt joint with the same contact surface. As a result, this research succeeded in predicting the slip limit of bolt joins with different numbers of contact surfaces and with different numbers of bolt rows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolt%20joints" title="bolt joints">bolt joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20coefficient" title=" slip coefficient"> slip coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20distribution" title=" Weibull distribution"> Weibull distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153579/slip-limit-prediction-of-high-strength-bolt-joints-based-on-local-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6060</span> Development of Probability Distribution Models for Degree of Bending (DoB) in Chord Member of Tubular X-Joints under Bending Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ahmadi">Hamid Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirreza%20Ghaffari"> Amirreza Ghaffari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fatigue life of tubular joints in offshore structures is not only dependent on the value of hot-spot stress, but is also significantly influenced by the through-the-thickness stress distribution characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). The DoB exhibits considerable scatter calling for greater emphasis in accurate determination of its governing probability distribution which is a key input for the fatigue reliability analysis of a tubular joint. Although the tubular X-joints are commonly found in offshore jacket structures, as far as the authors are aware, no comprehensive research has been carried out on the probability distribution of the DoB in tubular X-joints. What has been used so far as the probability distribution of the DoB in reliability analyses is mainly based on assumptions and limited observations, especially in terms of distribution parameters. In the present paper, results of parametric equations available for the calculation of the DoB have been used to develop probability distribution models for the DoB in the chord member of tubular X-joints subjected to four types of bending loads. Based on a parametric study, a set of samples was prepared and density histograms were generated for these samples using Freedman-Diaconis method. Twelve different probability density functions (PDFs) were fitted to these histograms. The maximum likelihood method was utilized to determine the parameters of fitted distributions. In each case, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit. Finally, after substituting the values of estimated parameters for each distribution, a set of fully defined PDFs have been proposed for the DoB in tubular X-joints subjected to bending loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20X-joint" title="tubular X-joint">tubular X-joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20bending%20%28DoB%29" title=" degree of bending (DoB)"> degree of bending (DoB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20density%20function%20%28PDF%29" title=" probability density function (PDF)"> probability density function (PDF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolmogorov-Smirnov%20goodness-of-fit%20test" title=" Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test"> Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20736/development-of-probability-distribution-models-for-degree-of-bending-dob-in-chord-member-of-tubular-x-joints-under-bending-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">719</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6059</span> Modifications in Design of Lap Joint of Fiber Metal Laminates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaher%20Bano">Shaher Bano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Fida"> Samia Fida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Israr"> Asif Israr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continuous development and exploitation of materials and designs have diverted the attention of the world towards the use of robust composite materials known as fiber-metal laminates in many high-performance applications. The hybrid structure of fiber metal laminates makes them a material of choice for various applications such as aircraft skin panels, fuselage floorings, door panels and other load bearing applications. The synergistic effect of properties of metals and fibers reinforced laminates are responsible for their high damage tolerance as the metal element provides better fatigue and impact properties, while high stiffness and better corrosion properties are inherited from the fiber reinforced matrix systems. They are mostly used as a layered structure in different joint configurations such as lap and but joints. The FML layers are usually bonded with each other using either mechanical fasteners or adhesive bonds. This research work is also focused on modification of an adhesive bonded joint as a single lap joint of carbon fibers based CARALL FML has been modified to increase interlaminar shear strength and avoid delamination. For this purpose different joint modification techniques such as the introduction of spews and shoulder to modify the bond shape and use of nanofillers such as carbon nano-tubes as a reinforcement in the adhesive materials, have been utilized to improve shear strength of lap joint of the adhesively bonded FML layers. Both the simulation and experimental results showed that lap joint with spews and shoulders configuration have better properties due to stress distribution over a large area at the corner of the joint. The introduction of carbon nanotubes has also shown a positive effect on shear stress and joint strength as they act as reinforcement in the adhesive bond material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesive%20joint" title="adhesive joint">adhesive joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carbon%20Reinforced%20Aluminium%20Laminate%20%28CARALL%29" title=" Carbon Reinforced Aluminium Laminate (CARALL)"> Carbon Reinforced Aluminium Laminate (CARALL)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20metal%20laminates" title=" fiber metal laminates"> fiber metal laminates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spews" title=" spews"> spews</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67962/modifications-in-design-of-lap-joint-of-fiber-metal-laminates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6058</span> Fatigue Life Estimation of Tubular Joints - A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeron%20Maheswaran">Jeron Maheswaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudath%20C.%20Siriwardane"> Sudath C. Siriwardane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In fatigue analysis, the structural detail of tubular joint has taken great attention among engineers. The DNV-RP-C203 is covering this topic quite well for simple and clear joint cases. For complex joint and geometry, where joint classification isn’t available and limitation on validity range of non-dimensional geometric parameters, the challenges become a fact among engineers. The classification of joint is important to carry out through the fatigue analysis. These joint configurations are identified by the connectivity and the load distribution of tubular joints. To overcome these problems to some extent, this paper compare the fatigue life of tubular joints in offshore jacket according to the stress concentration factors (SCF) in DNV-RP-C203 and finite element method employed Abaqus/CAE. The paper presents the geometric details, material properties and considered load history of the jacket structure. Describe the global structural analysis and identification of critical tubular joints for fatigue life estimation. Hence fatigue life is determined based on the guidelines provided by design codes. Fatigue analysis of tubular joints is conducted using finite element employed Abaqus/CAE [4] as next major step. Finally, obtained SCFs and fatigue lives are compared and their significances are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life" title="fatigue life">fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-concentration%20factor" title=" stress-concentration factor"> stress-concentration factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20jacket%20structure" title=" offshore jacket structure"> offshore jacket structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25841/fatigue-life-estimation-of-tubular-joints-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6057</span> Seismic Response Analysis of Frame Structures Based on Super Joint Element Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Xu">Li Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Hong"> Yang Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Zhao%20Wen"> T. Zhao Wen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental results of many RC beam-column subassemblage indicate that slippage of longitudinal beam rebar within the joint and the shear deformation of joint core have significant influence on seismic behavior of the subassemblage. However, rigid joint assumption has been generally used in the seismic response analysis of RC frames, in which two kinds of inelastic deformation of joint have been ignored. Based on OpenSees platform, ‘Super Joint Element Model’ with more detailed inelastic mechanism is used to simulate the inelastic response of joints. Two finite element models of typical RC plane frame, namely considering or ignoring the inelastic deformation of joint respectively, were established and analyzed under seven strong earthquake waves. The simulated global and local inelastic deformations of the RC plane frame is shown and discussed. The analyses also confirm the security of the earthquake-resistant frame designed according to Chinese codes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frame%20structure" title="frame structure">frame structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam-column%20joint" title=" beam-column joint"> beam-column joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20bar%20slippage" title=" longitudinal bar slippage"> longitudinal bar slippage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20deformation" title=" shear deformation"> shear deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20analysis" title=" nonlinear analysis"> nonlinear analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70780/seismic-response-analysis-of-frame-structures-based-on-super-joint-element-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6056</span> Constructing the Joint Mean-Variance Regions for Univariate and Bivariate Normal Distributions: Approach Based on the Measure of Cumulative Distribution Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerii%20Dashuk">Valerii Dashuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The usage of the confidence intervals in economics and econometrics is widespread. To be able to investigate a random variable more thoroughly, joint tests are applied. One of such examples is joint mean-variance test. A new approach for testing such hypotheses and constructing confidence sets is introduced. Exploring both the value of the random variable and its deviation with the help of this technique allows checking simultaneously the shift and the probability of that shift (i.e., portfolio risks). Another application is based on the normal distribution, which is fully defined by mean and variance, therefore could be tested using the introduced approach. This method is based on the difference of probability density functions. The starting point is two sets of normal distribution parameters that should be compared (whether they may be considered as identical with given significance level). Then the absolute difference in probabilities at each 'point' of the domain of these distributions is calculated. This measure is transformed to a function of cumulative distribution functions and compared to the critical values. Critical values table was designed from the simulations. The approach was compared with the other techniques for the univariate case. It differs qualitatively and quantitatively in easiness of implementation, computation speed, accuracy of the critical region (theoretical vs. real significance level). Stable results when working with outliers and non-normal distributions, as well as scaling possibilities, are also strong sides of the method. The main advantage of this approach is the possibility to extend it to infinite-dimension case, which was not possible in the most of the previous works. At the moment expansion to 2-dimensional state is done and it allows to test jointly up to 5 parameters. Therefore the derived technique is equivalent to classic tests in standard situations but gives more efficient alternatives in nonstandard problems and on big amounts of data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence%20set" title="confidence set">confidence set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumulative%20distribution%20function" title=" cumulative distribution function"> cumulative distribution function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypotheses%20testing" title=" hypotheses testing"> hypotheses testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20distribution" title=" normal distribution"> normal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20density%20function" title=" probability density function "> probability density function </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90831/constructing-the-joint-mean-variance-regions-for-univariate-and-bivariate-normal-distributions-approach-based-on-the-measure-of-cumulative-distribution-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6055</span> Effect of Laser Input Energy on the Laser Joining of Polyethylene Terephthalate to Titanium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20J.%20Chen">Y. J. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20M.%20Yue"> T. M. Yue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20N.%20Guo"> Z. N. Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports the effects of laser energy on the characteristics of bubbles generated in the weld zone and the formation of new chemical bonds at the Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)/Ti joint interface in laser joining of PET to Ti. The samples were produced by using different laser energies ranging from 1.5 J – 6 J in steps of 1.5 J, while all other joining parameters remained unchanged. The types of chemical bonding at the joint interface were analysed by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth-profiling method. The results show that the characteristics of the bubbles and the thickness of the chemically bonded interface, which contains the laser generated bonds of Ti–C and Ti–O, increase markedly with increasing laser energy input. The tensile failure load of the joint depends on the combined effect of the amount and distribution of the bubbles formed and the chemical bonding intensity of the joint interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20direct%20joining" title="laser direct joining">laser direct joining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti%2FPET%20interface" title=" Ti/PET interface"> Ti/PET interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20energy" title=" laser energy"> laser energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XPS%20depth%20profiling" title=" XPS depth profiling"> XPS depth profiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20bond" title=" chemical bond"> chemical bond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20failure%20load" title=" tensile failure load"> tensile failure load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52818/effect-of-laser-input-energy-on-the-laser-joining-of-polyethylene-terephthalate-to-titanium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6054</span> The Effect of Impact on the Knee Joint Due to the Shocks during Double Impact Phase of Gait Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jobin%20Varghese">Jobin Varghese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20M.%20Akhil"> V. M. Akhil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20K.%20Rajendrakumar"> P. K. Rajendrakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Sivanandan"> K. S. Sivanandan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major contributor to the human locomotion is the knee flexion and extension. During heel strike, a huge amount of energy is transmitted through the leg towards knee joint, which in fact is damped at heel and leg muscles. During high shocks, although it is damped to a certain extent, the balance force transmits towards knee joint which could damage the knee. Due to the vital function of the knee joint, it should be protected against damage due to additional load acting on it. This work concentrates on the development of spring mass damper system which exactly replicates the stiffness at the heel and muscles and the objective function is optimized to minimize the force acting at the knee joint. Further, the data collected using force plate are put into the model to verify its integrity and are found to be in good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spring" title="spring">spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass" title=" mass"> mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damper" title=" damper"> damper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20joint" title=" knee joint"> knee joint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62460/the-effect-of-impact-on-the-knee-joint-due-to-the-shocks-during-double-impact-phase-of-gait-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6053</span> Joint Physical Custody after Divorce and Child Well-Being</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Kami%C5%84ska">Katarzyna Kamińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Joint physical custody means that both parents after divorce or separation have the right and responsibility to take care of the child on the daily basis. In a joint physical custody arrangement, the child spends substantial, but not necessarily equal, time with both parents. Joint physical custody can be symmetric care arrangement or not. However, it is accepted in the jurisprudence that the best interests of the child is served when the child spends at least 35% of the time during a two-week period with each parent. Joint physical custody, also known as joint, dual, or shared residence, is a challenge in contemporary family law. It has its supporters and opponents. On the one hand, joint physical custody is beneficial because it provides children with frequent and continuous contact with a mother and father after their divorce or separation. On the other hand, it isn’t good for children to be shuttled back and forth between two residences. Children need a home base. The conclusion is therefore that joint physical custody can’t be seen as a panacea for all post-divorce or post-separation parenting cases and the court shouldn’t automatically make such a determination. The possibility to award this arrangement requires the court to carefully weigh the pros and cons of each individual case. It is difficult to say that joint physical custody is better than single physical custody in any case. It depends on the circumstances and needs of each family. It appears that an individual approach is going to be much better as opposed to a one-size-fits-all idea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20physical%20custody" title="joint physical custody">joint physical custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20residence" title=" shared residence"> shared residence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20residence" title=" dual residence"> dual residence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20best%20interests%20of%20the%20child" title=" the best interests of the child"> the best interests of the child</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152760/joint-physical-custody-after-divorce-and-child-well-being" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6052</span> The Nonlinear Research on Rotational Stiffness of Cuplock Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liuyu%20Zhang">Liuyu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Mo"> Di Mo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Yan"> Qiang Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Liu"> Min Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the important equipment in the construction field, cuplock scaffold plays an important role in the construction process. As a scaffold connecting member, cuplock joint is of great importance. In order to explore the rotational stiffness nonlinear characteristics changing features of different structural forms of cuplock joint in different tightening torque condition under different conditions of load, ANSYS is used to establish four kinds of cuplock joint models with different forces to simulate the real force situation. By setting the different load conditions which means the cuplock is loaded at a certain distance from the cuplock joint in a certain direction until the cuplock is damaged and considering the gap between the cross bar joint and the vertical bar, the differences in the influence of the structural form and tightening torque on the rotation stiffness of the cuplock under different load conditions are compared. It is significantly important to improve the accuracy of calculating bearing capacity and stability of the cuplock steel pipe scaffold. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuplock%20joint" title="cuplock joint">cuplock joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway%20tunnel" title=" highway tunnel"> highway tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20characteristics" title=" non-linear characteristics"> non-linear characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20stiffness" title=" rotational stiffness"> rotational stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaffold%20stability" title=" scaffold stability"> scaffold stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20analysis" title=" theoretical analysis"> theoretical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127339/the-nonlinear-research-on-rotational-stiffness-of-cuplock-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6051</span> The Problem of Legal Regulation of Joint Physical Custody: The Polish Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Kami%C5%84ska">Katarzyna Kamińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of the work is to present the results of the studies regarding joint physical custody in the Polish legal system. The issues addressed fit into the ongoing process of modernising family law regulations and their adaptation to changing social reality in Poland. The Polish legislator now faces a dilemma: whether to introduce into Polish law a developed substantive or procedural regulation of joint physical custody and then whether it should be considered a legal presumption. Joint physical custody after divorce or separation is theoretically possible in Poland. It can either follow from the court’s independent proposal based on the assessment of the circumstances or from the parenting plan submitted by parents wishing to jointly retain full parental authority. However, joint physical custody does not result directly from the Polish Family and Guardianship Code. Therefore, there is real legal uncertainty in this matter, which leads to different treatment of citizens by the public authorities and courts. Another problem is that joint physical custody is misunderstood by the Polish courts. The main thesis of the work is that joint physical custody does not only mean the system of symmetrical child care (50/50), and the possibility to award joint physical custody will require the courts to carefully weigh the pros and cons of such an arrangement in each individual case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20physical%20custody" title="joint physical custody">joint physical custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20parenting" title=" shared parenting"> shared parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divorce" title=" divorce"> divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20authority" title=" parental authority"> parental authority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176316/the-problem-of-legal-regulation-of-joint-physical-custody-the-polish-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6050</span> The Effect of Tool Type on Surface Morphology of FSJ Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongfang%20Deng">Yongfang Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunwen%20Zuo"> Dunwen Zuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An attempt is made here to join 2024 aluminum alloy plate by friction stir joining (FSJ) using different types of tools. Joint surface morphology was observed, and both arc line spacing and flash were measured. Study is carried out on the effect of pin, shoulder and eccentricity of the tool on the surface topography of the joint and the formation of the joint surface topography is analyzed. It is found that, eccentric squeezing action of the tool is the mainly motive power to form arc lines contour and flash structure. Little flash appears in the advancing side but with severe deformation, while the flash in the retreating side is heavy but with soft deformation. The pin of tool has a deep impact on the flash on the advancing side of the joints. Shoulder can widen the arc lines, refine arcs structure, reduce flash in the retreat side, but will increase the flash in the advancing side. Increasing the amount of eccentricity, it has litter effect on the arc line spacing but will destroy the arc lines morphology in the joint surface and promote the formation of filamentous flash structure in the joint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSJ" title="FSJ">FSJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20morphology" title=" surface morphology"> surface morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool" title=" tool"> tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint" title=" joint "> joint </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29621/the-effect-of-tool-type-on-surface-morphology-of-fsj-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6049</span> Analysis of a Discrete-time Geo/G/1 Queue Integrated with (s, Q) Inventory Policy at a Service Facility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akash%20Verma">Akash Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujit%20Kumar%20Samanta"> Sujit Kumar Samanta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines a discrete-time Geo/G/1 queueing-inventory system attached with (s, Q) inventory policy. Assume that the customers follow the Bernoulli process on arrival. Each customer demands a single item with arbitrarily distributed service time. The inventory is replenished by an outside supplier, and the lead time for the replenishment is determined by a geometric distribution. There is a single server and infinite waiting space in this facility. Demands must wait in the specified waiting area during a stock-out period. The customers are served on a first-come-first-served basis. With the help of the embedded Markov chain technique, we determine the joint probability distributions of the number of customers in the system and the number of items in stock at the post-departure epoch using the Matrix Analytic approach. We relate the system length distribution at post-departure and outside observer's epochs to determine the joint probability distribution at the outside observer's epoch. We use probability distributions at random epochs to determine the waiting time distribution. We obtain the performance measures to construct the cost function. The optimum values of the order quantity and reordering point are found numerically for the variety of model parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20queueing%20inventory%20model" title="discrete-time queueing inventory model">discrete-time queueing inventory model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20analytic%20method" title=" matrix analytic method"> matrix analytic method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waiting-time%20analysis" title=" waiting-time analysis"> waiting-time analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20optimization" title=" cost optimization"> cost optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186892/analysis-of-a-discrete-time-geog1-queue-integrated-with-s-q-inventory-policy-at-a-service-facility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6048</span> Marginalized Two-Part Joint Models for Generalized Gamma Family of Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohadeseh%20Shojaei%20Shahrokhabadi">Mohadeseh Shojaei Shahrokhabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding-Geng%20%28Din%29%20Chen"> Ding-Geng (Din) Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Positive continuous outcomes with a substantial number of zero values and incomplete longitudinal follow-up are quite common in medical cost data. To jointly model semi-continuous longitudinal cost data and survival data and to provide marginalized covariate effect estimates, a marginalized two-part joint model (MTJM) has been developed for outcome variables with lognormal distributions. In this paper, we propose MTJM models for outcome variables from a generalized gamma (GG) family of distributions. The GG distribution constitutes a general family that includes approximately all of the most frequently used distributions like the Gamma, Exponential, Weibull, and Log Normal. In the proposed MTJM-GG model, the conditional mean from a conventional two-part model with a three-parameter GG distribution is parameterized to provide the marginal interpretation for regression coefficients. In addition, MTJM-gamma and MTJM-Weibull are developed as special cases of MTJM-GG. To illustrate the applicability of the MTJM-GG, we applied the model to a set of real electronic health record data recently collected in Iran, and we provided SAS code for application. The simulation results showed that when the outcome distribution is unknown or misspecified, which is usually the case in real data sets, the MTJM-GG consistently outperforms other models. The GG family of distribution facilitates estimating a model with improved fit over the MTJM-gamma, standard Weibull, or Log-Normal distributions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginalized%20two-part%20model" title="marginalized two-part model">marginalized two-part model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-inflated" title=" zero-inflated"> zero-inflated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right-skewed" title=" right-skewed"> right-skewed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-continuous" title=" semi-continuous"> semi-continuous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20gamma" title=" generalized gamma"> generalized gamma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140917/marginalized-two-part-joint-models-for-generalized-gamma-family-of-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6047</span> Estimation of the Upper Tail Dependence Coefficient for Insurance Loss Data Using an Empirical Copula-Based Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20O%27Hagan">Adrian O'Hagan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20McLoughlin"> Robert McLoughlin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considerable focus in the world of insurance risk quantification is placed on modeling loss values from lines of business (LOBs) that possess upper tail dependence. Copulas such as the Joe, Gumbel and Student-t copula may be used for this purpose. The copula structure imparts a desired level of tail dependence on the joint distribution of claims from the different LOBs. Alternatively, practitioners may possess historical or simulated data that already exhibit upper tail dependence, through the impact of catastrophe events such as hurricanes or earthquakes. In these circumstances, it is not desirable to induce additional upper tail dependence when modeling the joint distribution of the loss values from the individual LOBs. Instead, it is of interest to accurately assess the degree of tail dependence already present in the data. The empirical copula and its associated upper tail dependence coefficient are presented in this paper as robust, efficient means of achieving this goal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20copula" title="empirical copula">empirical copula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20events" title=" extreme events"> extreme events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20loss%20reserving" title=" insurance loss reserving"> insurance loss reserving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20tail%20dependence%20coefficient" title=" upper tail dependence coefficient"> upper tail dependence coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2645/estimation-of-the-upper-tail-dependence-coefficient-for-insurance-loss-data-using-an-empirical-copula-based-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6046</span> Numerical Prediction of Bearing Strength on Composite Bolted Joint Using Three Dimensional Puck Failure Criteria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Meon">M. S. Meon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Rao"> M. N. Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-U.%20Schr%C3%B6der"> K-U. Schröder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mechanical fasteners especially bolting is commonly used in joining carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite structures due to their good joinability and easy for maintenance characteristics. Since this approach involves with notching, a proper progressive damage model (PDM) need to be implemented and verified to capture existence of damages in the structure. A three dimensional (3D) failure criteria of Puck is established to predict the ultimate bearing failure of such joint. The failure criteria incorporated with degradation scheme are coded based on user subroutine executed in Abaqus. Single lap joint (SLJ) of composite bolted joint is used as target configuration. The results revealed that the PDM adopted here could sufficiently predict the behaviour of composite bolted joint up to ultimate bearing failure. In addition, mesh refinement near holes increased the accuracy of predicted strength as well as computational effort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20strength" title="bearing strength">bearing strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolted%20joint" title=" bolted joint"> bolted joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation%20scheme" title=" degradation scheme"> degradation scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20damage%20model" title=" progressive damage model"> progressive damage model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51744/numerical-prediction-of-bearing-strength-on-composite-bolted-joint-using-three-dimensional-puck-failure-criteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6045</span> A Two Tailed Secretary Problem with Multiple Criteria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaka%20Padhye">Alaka Padhye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Kane"> S. P. Kane </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The following study considers some variations made to the secretary problem (SP). In a multiple criteria secretary problem (MCSP), the selection of a unit is based on two independent characteristics. The units that appear before an observer are known say N, the best rank of a unit being N. A unit is selected, if it is better with respect to either first or second or both the characteristics. When the number of units is large and due to constraints like time and cost, the observer might want to stop earlier instead of inspecting all the available units. Let the process terminate at r2th unit where r1<r2<N, r1 being the number of units observed but not selected. This situation is called as a two tailed secretary problem (TTSP). The article presented tries to analyze the combination of TTSP and multiple criteria in detail. Joint as well as marginal probability distributions (of real ranks of both the characteristics and the position at which the selection is made) have been derived systematically using a simple yet explicable method. A new criterion for selecting the best unit based on the expected real rank has been developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20distribution" title="joint distribution">joint distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginal%20distribution" title=" marginal distribution"> marginal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20ranks" title=" real ranks"> real ranks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secretary%20problem" title=" secretary problem"> secretary problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selection%20criterion" title=" selection criterion"> selection criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20tailed%20secretary%20problem" title=" two tailed secretary problem"> two tailed secretary problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42589/a-two-tailed-secretary-problem-with-multiple-criteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6044</span> Degree of Bending in Axially Loaded Tubular KT-Joints of Offshore Structures: Parametric Study and Formulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ahmadi">Hamid Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shadi%20Asoodeh"> Shadi Asoodeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fatigue life of tubular joints commonly found in offshore industry is not only dependent on the value of hot-spot stress (HSS), but is also significantly influenced by the through-the-thickness stress distribution characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). The determination of DoB values in a tubular joint is essential for improving the accuracy of fatigue life estimation using the stress-life (S–N) method and particularly for predicting the fatigue crack growth based on the fracture mechanics (FM) approach. In the present paper, data extracted from finite element (FE) analyses of tubular KT-joints, verified against experimental data and parametric equations, was used to investigate the effects of geometrical parameters on DoB values at the crown 0˚, saddle, and crown 180˚ positions along the weld toe of central brace in tubular KT-joints subjected to axial loading. Parametric study was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to derive DoB parametric formulas for the fatigue analysis of KT-joints under axial loads. The tubular KT-joint is a quite common joint type found in steel offshore structures. However, despite the crucial role of the DoB in evaluating the fatigue performance of tubular joints, this paper is the first attempt to study and formulate the DoB values in KT-joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20KT-joint" title="tubular KT-joint">tubular KT-joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20bending%0D%0A%28DoB%29" title=" degree of bending (DoB)"> degree of bending (DoB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20loading" title=" axial loading"> axial loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20formula" title=" parametric formula "> parametric formula </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26817/degree-of-bending-in-axially-loaded-tubular-kt-joints-of-offshore-structures-parametric-study-and-formulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6043</span> Evaluation of Joint Contact Forces and Muscle Forces in the Subjects with Non-Specific Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Taghi%20Karimi">Mohammad Taghi Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Hasan%20Zahraee"> Maryam Hasan Zahraee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common health and socioeconomic problem, especially the chronic one. The joint contact force is an important parameter during walking which increases the incidence of injury and degenerative joint disease. To our best knowledge, there are not enough evidences in literature on the muscular forces and joint contact forces in subjects with low back pain. Purpose: The main hypothesis associated with this research was that joint contact force of L4/L5 of non-specific chronic low back pain subjects was the same as that of normal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the joint contact force difference between non-specific chronic low back pain and normal subjects. Method: This was an experimental-comparative study. 20 normal subjects and 20 non-specific chronic low back pain patients were recruited in this study. Qualysis motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate were used to collect the motions and the force applied on the leg, respectively. OpenSimm software used to determine joint contact force and muscle forces in this study. Some parameters such as force applied on the legs (pelvis), kinematic of hip and pelvic, peaks of muscles, force of trunk musculature and joint contact force of L5/S1 were used for further analysis. Differences between mean values of all data were measured using two-sample t-test among the subjects. Results: The force produced by Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris, and Adductor muscles were significantly different between low back pain and normal subjects. Moreover, the mean value of breaking component of the force of the knee joint increased significantly in low back pain subjects, besides a significant decrease in mean value of the vertical component of joint reaction force compared to the normal ones. Conclusions: The forces produced by the trunk and pelvic muscles, and joint contact forces differ significantly between low back pain and normal subjects. It seems that those with non-specific chronic low back pain use trunk muscles more than normal subjects to stabilize the pelvic during walking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title="low back pain">low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20contact%20force" title=" joint contact force"> joint contact force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20force" title=" muscle force"> muscle force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88748/evaluation-of-joint-contact-forces-and-muscle-forces-in-the-subjects-with-non-specific-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6042</span> A Joint Possibilistic-Probabilistic Tool for Load Flow Uncertainty Assessment-Part II: Case Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Aien">Morteza Aien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Rashidinejad"> Masoud Rashidinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmud%20Fotuhi-Firuzabad"> Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power systems are innately uncertain systems. To face with such uncertain systems, robust uncertainty assessment tools are appealed. This paper inspects the uncertainty assessment formulation of the load flow (LF) problem considering different kinds of uncertainties, developed in its companion paper through some case studies. The proposed methodology is based on the evidence theory and joint propagation of possibilistic and probabilistic uncertainties. The load and wind power generation are considered as probabilistic uncertain variables and the electric vehicles (EVs) and gas turbine distributed generation (DG) units are considered as possibilistic uncertain variables. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the system output parameters obtained by the pure probabilistic method lies within the belief and plausibility functions obtained by the joint propagation approach. Furthermore, the imprecision in the DG parameters is explicitly reflected by the gap between the belief and plausibility functions. This gap, due to the epistemic uncertainty on the DG resources parameters grows as the penetration level increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title="electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20possibilistic-%20probabilistic%20uncertainty%20modeling" title=" joint possibilistic- probabilistic uncertainty modeling"> joint possibilistic- probabilistic uncertainty modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertain%20load%20flow" title=" uncertain load flow"> uncertain load flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20generator" title=" wind turbine generator"> wind turbine generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15353/a-joint-possibilistic-probabilistic-tool-for-load-flow-uncertainty-assessment-part-ii-case-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20distribution&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20distribution&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20distribution&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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