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We investigated the functional change over time in these empirically derived MCI subgroups. Methods: ADNI MCI participants (n=654) were classified using cluster analysis as Amnestic MCI (single-domain memory impairment), Dysnomic MCI (memory+language impairments), Dysexecutive/Mixed MCI (memory+language+attention/executive impairments), or Cluster-Derived Normal (CDN). Robust normal control participants (NCs; n=284) were also examined. The Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) was administered at baseline through 48-month follow-up. Multilevel modeling examined FAQ trajectories by cognitive subgroup. Results: The Dysexecutive/Mixed group demonstrated the fastest rate of decline across all groups. Amnestic and Dysnomic groups showed steeper rates of decline than CDNs. While CDNs had more functional difficulty than NCs across visits, both groups’ mean FAQ scores remained below its suggested cutoff at all visits. Conclusions: Results (a) show the importance of executive dysfunction in the context of other impaired cognitive domains when predicting functional decline in at-risk elders, and (b) support our previous work demonstrating that ADNI’s MCI criteria may have resulted in false-positive MCI diagnoses, given the CDN’s better FAQ trajectory than those of the cognitively impaired MCI groups. 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</span> </a> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-146270e8></div>  <div id="toc" class="table-of-content" data-v-01274b1d><h2>Article contents</h2> <div id="toc-list-wrapper" class="table-of-content__wrapper"><ul id="toc-list" class="list"><li class="list__item"><a href="#sec0" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Abstract</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#footnotes-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Footnotes</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="column__main" data-v-01274b1d><div class="row" data-v-01274b1d><div class="column__main__left" data-v-01274b1d><div id="maincontent" class="col" data-v-862424e6 data-v-01274b1d> <hgroup data-v-862424e6><h1 data-v-862424e6>Longitudinal Trajectories of Informant-Reported Daily Functioning in Empirically Defined Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment</h1> </hgroup>     <div class="row published-date" data-v-862424e6><p data-v-862424e6> Published online by Cambridge University Press: <strong data-v-862424e6>10 May 2017</strong></p></div>   <div class="contributors-details" data-v-99f6eb26 data-v-862424e6><div class="row contributors" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="col" data-v-99f6eb26><div class="row contributor-type" data-v-792406ce data-v-99f6eb26> <div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Kelsey%20R.%20Thomas&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Kelsey R. Thomas</span> </a> <a target="_blank" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-8876" data-test-orcid="Kelsey R. Thomas" class="app-link contributor-type__contributor__orcid app-link__icon app-link--" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="Open the ORCID record for Kelsey R. Thomas" class="app-icon icon orcid" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a> <span data-v-792406ce>,</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Emily%20C.%20Edmonds&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Emily C. Edmonds</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce>,</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Lisa%20Delano-Wood&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Lisa Delano-Wood</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce> and</span></div><div class="contributor-type__contributor" data-v-792406ce><a href="/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Mark%20W.%20Bondi&eventCode=SE-AU" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-792406ce><span data-v-63dfaf6e>Mark W. Bondi</span> </a>  <span data-v-792406ce></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 collapse-link" data-v-99f6eb26><a href="#authors-details" data-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="authors-details" class="app-link collapsed app-link__text-icon app-link--secondary reverse" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-99f6eb26><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="" class="app-icon icon arrow-down" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Show author details </span> </a></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-99f6eb26> <dl id="authors-details" class="authors-details collapse" data-v-2edb8da6 data-v-99f6eb26><div data-test-author="Kelsey R. Thomas" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Kelsey R. Thomas</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="Emily C. Edmonds" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Emily C. Edmonds</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="Lisa Delano-Wood" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Lisa Delano-Wood</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California</span> </span></div></dd></div><div data-test-author="Mark W. Bondi" class="row author" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-12 col-sm-2 title" data-v-2edb8da6>Mark W. Bondi*</dt> <dd class="col content d-inline d-sm-flex" data-v-2edb8da6><span class="content__title" data-v-2edb8da6>Affiliation:</span> <div class="d-sm-flex flex-column flex-sm-1 d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California</span> </span><span data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6>Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California</span> </span></div></dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><dt class="col-sm-2 col-12 title" data-v-2edb8da6> * </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="row" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-sm-flex d-inline flex-sm-1 flex-sm-wrap" data-v-2edb8da6><div class="d-inline" data-v-2edb8da6><span data-v-2edb8da6><div class="corresp">Correspondence and reprint requests to: Mark W. Bondi, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive (116B), San Diego, CA 92161. E-mail: <a href="mailto:mbondi@ucsd.edu">mbondi@ucsd.edu</a></div></span></div></div></div></dd></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-2edb8da6></dl></div></div> <div id="app-tabs" class="tabs" data-v-1d90c6ce data-v-01274b1d><div id="app-tabs-wrapper" class="tabs__wrapper" data-v-1d90c6ce><div role="navigation" aria-label="tab navigation" class="container" data-v-1d90c6ce><a data-toggle="collapse" href="#appTabs" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="appTabs" class="tabs__collapse collapsed d-sm-none d-print-none" data-v-1d90c6ce><span data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-up" data-v-1d90c6ce></span> <span class="tabs-arrow-down" data-v-1d90c6ce></span></a> <ul id="appTabs" role="tablist" class="nav nav-tabs tabs__list collapse show" data-v-1d90c6ce><li role="none" class="tabs__tab" data-v-1d90c6ce><a aria-selected="true" href="#article-tab" role="tab" aria-controls="article-tab" tabindex="-1" class="active" 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class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Abstract</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#footnotes-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">Footnotes</span></a></li> <li class="list__item"><a href="#references-list" class="list__item__link"><span class="toc-title">References</span></a></li></ul></div> <div class="action-bar" data-v-43a4d572><div class="row items"><a href="#access-block" data-test-id="buttonGetAccess" class="get-access-link" data-v-4cc7be75 data-v-43a4d572>Get access</a>  <div class="app-dropdown d-print-none share-dropdown" data-v-fab090b8 data-v-beffd87c data-v-43a4d572><button aria-expanded="false" data-test-id="buttonShareOptions" id="share-dropdown" class="app-button dropdown-menu-button app-button__text-icon app-button--secondary" data-v-2a038744 data-v-fab090b8><img src="/core/page-component/img/share-icon.cbcfad8.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon share" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> <span class="text" 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cite" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-2a038744> <span class="text" data-v-2a038744>Cite</span></button>  <a target="_blank" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=CUP&publication=INS&title=Longitudinal%20Trajectories%20of%20Informant-Reported%20Daily%20Functioning%20in%20Empirically%20Defined%20Subtypes%20of%20Mild%20Cognitive%20Impairment&publicationDate=10%20May%202017&author=Kelsey%20R.%20Thomas%2C%20Emily%20C.%20Edmonds%2C%20Lisa%20Delano-Wood%2C%20Mark%20W.%20Bondi©right=Copyright%20%C2%A9%20The%20International%20Neuropsychological%20Society%202017%C2%A0&contentID=10.1017%2FS1355617717000285&startPage=521&endPage=527&orderBeanReset=True&volumeNum=23&issueNum=6&oa=" data-test-id="buttonRightLink" class="app-link rights-link d-print-none app-link__text-icon app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-92ee52a2 data-v-43a4d572><img src="/core/page-component/img/rights-icon.d4a677c.svg" alt="" class="app-icon icon rights" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Rights & Permissions </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a></div> <div class="share-modal-overlay" style="display:none;" data-v-43a4d572></div> <div data-spy="scroll" data-target="#toc" class="scrollspy-content" data-v-43a4d572> <div id="sec0" class="col article-abstract sec" data-v-2fa8b348 data-v-43a4d572><div class="abstract-text-container" data-v-2fa8b348><div lang="en"><h2>Abstract</h2>  <div class="abstract-content"><div class="abstract" data-abstract-type="normal"><p><span class="bold">Objectives:</span> Within the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)’s mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cohort, we previously identified MCI subtypes as well as participants initially diagnosed with MCI but found to have normal neuropsychological, biomarker, and neuroimaging profiles. We investigated the functional change over time in these empirically derived MCI subgroups. <span class="bold">Methods:</span> ADNI MCI participants (<span class="italic">n</span>=654) were classified using cluster analysis as Amnestic MCI (single-domain memory impairment), Dysnomic MCI (memory+language impairments), Dysexecutive/Mixed MCI (memory+language+attention/executive impairments), or Cluster-Derived Normal (CDN). Robust normal control participants (NCs; <span class="italic">n</span>=284) were also examined. The Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) was administered at baseline through 48-month follow-up. Multilevel modeling examined FAQ trajectories by cognitive subgroup. <span class="bold">Results:</span> The Dysexecutive/Mixed group demonstrated the fastest rate of decline across all groups. Amnestic and Dysnomic groups showed steeper rates of decline than CDNs. While CDNs had more functional difficulty than NCs across visits, both groups’ mean FAQ scores remained below its suggested cutoff at all visits. <span class="bold">Conclusions:</span> Results (a) show the importance of executive dysfunction in the context of other impaired cognitive domains when predicting functional decline in at-risk elders, and (b) support our previous work demonstrating that ADNI’s MCI criteria may have resulted in false-positive MCI diagnoses, given the CDN’s better FAQ trajectory than those of the cognitively impaired MCI groups. (<span class="italic">JINS</span>, 2017, <span class="italic">23</span>, 521–527)</p></div></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="abstract-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a></div></div>   </div>  <div class="keywords" data-v-86c27100 data-v-43a4d572><h2 data-v-86c27100>Keywords</h2> <div class="row keywords__pills" data-v-86c27100><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Instrumental activities of daily living" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Instrumental activities of daily living</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=MCI" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>MCI</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Dementia" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Dementia</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Alzheimer’s disease" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Alzheimer’s disease</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Executive functioning" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Executive functioning</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=Functional activities questionnaire" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>Functional activities questionnaire</span></a><a href="/core/search?filters[keywords]=longitudinal" data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100><span data-v-f0b31360 data-v-86c27100>longitudinal</span></a></div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="separator default" data-v-7036083a data-v-86c27100></div>  <dl class="article-details" data-v-6e32a161 data-v-43a4d572><div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Type </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161>Brief Communication</dd></div> <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Information </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div class="content__journal" data-v-6e32a161><a href="/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society </span> </a> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society/volume/651A30FD6E2CBB257D339A145F76A024" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Volume 23 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161> , <a href="/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society/issue/CD6004C7C4FE271BE7F2C10F8905A60B" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--underlined" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>Issue 6 </span> </a></span> <span data-v-6e32a161>, July 2017</span>  <span data-v-6e32a161>, pp. 521 - 527</span> </div> <div class="doi-data" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161>DOI: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617717000285" class="app-link app-link__text app-link--accent" data-v-63dfaf6e data-v-6e32a161><span class="text" data-v-63dfaf6e>https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617717000285 </span> <span class="sr-only" data-v-63dfaf6e>[Opens in a new window]</span></a></div> </div>  </dd></div>   <div class="row" data-v-6e32a161><dt class="col-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2_5 title" data-v-6e32a161> Copyright </dt> <dd class="col content" data-v-6e32a161><div data-v-6e32a161> Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2017 </div></dd></div></dl> <div id="access-block" class="d-print-none" data-v-43a4d572><div class="access-options"><h2 class="access-options__heading">Access options</h2> <span>Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)</span> <div class="access-options__content access-options__new"> </div></div></div> <div id="content-container" class="content-container" data-v-43a4d572> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="footnotes-list" class="circle-list"><h2>Footnotes</h2> <div data-type="footnote" class="circle-list__item"><div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"><div class="fn"><span class="label">*</span><p>Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: <a href="http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf">http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf</a></p></div></div></div></div> </div> <hr aria-hidden="true" class="list-divider separator default" data-v-7036083a> <div id="references-list" class="circle-list"><h2>References</h2> <div id="reference-header-xz759" aria-flowto="reference-1-content reference-1-button"><h4> REFERENCES </h4> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" data-test-hidden="true" class="circle-list__item__number"> </div> <div class="circle-list__item__grouped"><div id="reference-1-content" class="circle-list__item__grouped__content"></div></div></div><div id="manual_ref-2" aria-flowto="reference-2-content reference-2-button" class="circle-list__item"> <div class="circle-list__item__indicator"></div> <div aria-hidden="true" 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class="materials-table__row__title">Thomas supplementary material</h3> <div class="materials-table__row__description"><p>Table S1</p></div></div> <a href="https://static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:article:S1355617717000285/resource/name/S1355617717000285sup001.docx" download="" class="app-link clickable-button materials-table__row__right-elem materials-table__row__download-button app-link__icon app-link--" data-v-63dfaf6e><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" alt="Download Thomas supplementary material(File)" class="app-icon icon download" data-v-d2c09870 data-v-63dfaf6e> </a></div> <div 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Thomas",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Kelsey%20R.%20Thomas&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-4277-8876"},{givenNames:"Emily C.",surname:"Edmonds",nameStyle:i,affiliations:[{text:j},{text:k}],isCorresponding:a,notes:b,isAnonymous:a,fullName:"Emily C. Edmonds",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Emily%20C.%20Edmonds&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:e},{givenNames:"Lisa",surname:"Delano-Wood",nameStyle:i,affiliations:[{text:j},{text:k}],isCorresponding:a,notes:b,isAnonymous:a,fullName:"Lisa Delano-Wood",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Lisa%20Delano-Wood&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:e},{givenNames:"Mark W.",surname:"Bondi",nameStyle:i,affiliations:[{text:j},{text:k}],isCorresponding:c,notes:"\u003Cdiv class=\"corresp\"\u003ECorrespondence and reprint requests to: Mark W. Bondi, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive (116B), San Diego, CA 92161. E-mail: \u003Ca href=\"mailto:mbondi@ucsd.edu\"\u003Embondi@ucsd.edu\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",isAnonymous:a,fullName:"Mark W. Bondi",searchUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Mark%20W.%20Bondi&eventCode=SE-AU",orcidUrl:e}]},translators:{contributors:[],label:"Translated by"}},collections:[],publishedDate:"10 May 2017",keywords:[{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Instrumental activities of daily living",name:"Instrumental activities of daily living"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=MCI",name:"MCI"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Dementia",name:"Dementia"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Alzheimer’s disease",name:"Alzheimer’s disease"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Executive functioning",name:"Executive functioning"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=Functional activities questionnaire",name:"Functional activities questionnaire"},{url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fsearch?filters[keywords]=longitudinal",name:"longitudinal"}],openPracticeBadges:[],doi:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1017\u002FS1355617717000285",value:"10.1017\u002FS1355617717000285"},copyright:{statement:["Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2017 "],holder:["The International Neuropsychological Society"],year:[2017]},creativeCommons:e,acceptedManuscript:a,type:"brief-report",pageRange:{range:"521 - 527",firstPage:"521",lastPage:"527"},typeDescription:"Brief Communication",resultTypes:[],commentsCount:y,topicsAndSubtopics:e},journal:{id:z,title:l,titleSlug:A,mnemonic:"INS",titleHistory:[],isFirstView:a,journalSlug:A,isCompanion:a,parentCompanionJournalName:l,associatedParentCollection:e,paymentInfo:{prices:{"£":{price:26,sku:m,skuNew:h,currency:"£"},"€":{price:31,sku:m,skuNew:h,currency:"€"},US$:{price:36,sku:m,skuNew:h,currency:"US$"},AU$:{price:51,sku:m,skuNew:h,currency:"AU$"}}},url:B,firstViewUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fjournal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society\u002Ffirstview",coverUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.cambridge.org\u002Fcovers\u002FINS_0_0_0\u002Fjournal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society.jpg",submitMaterialsUrl:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fjournal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society\u002Finformation\u002Fauthor-instructions\u002Fsubmitting-your-materials",hasHistory:a,latestTitle:l,latestId:z,hasPastTitle:a,issue:{id:"CD6004C7C4FE271BE7F2C10F8905A60B",number:"6",title:"Issue 6",publishedDate:"July 2017",printPublishTimestamp:1498867200000,url:C},volume:{id:"651A30FD6E2CBB257D339A145F76A024",number:D,title:"Volume 23",publishedDate:"December 2017",printPublishTimestamp:1512086400000,url:"\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fjournal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society\u002Fvolume\u002F651A30FD6E2CBB257D339A145F76A024"}},abstract:{textAbstracts:[{title:"Abstract",content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"bold\"\u003EObjectives:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Within the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)’s mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cohort, we previously identified MCI subtypes as well as participants initially diagnosed with MCI but found to have normal neuropsychological, biomarker, and neuroimaging profiles. We investigated the functional change over time in these empirically derived MCI subgroups. \u003Cspan class=\"bold\"\u003EMethods:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E ADNI MCI participants (\u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003En\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E=654) were classified using cluster analysis as Amnestic MCI (single-domain memory impairment), Dysnomic MCI (memory+language impairments), Dysexecutive\u002FMixed MCI (memory+language+attention\u002Fexecutive impairments), or Cluster-Derived Normal (CDN). Robust normal control participants (NCs; \u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003En\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E=284) were also examined. The Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) was administered at baseline through 48-month follow-up. Multilevel modeling examined FAQ trajectories by cognitive subgroup. \u003Cspan class=\"bold\"\u003EResults:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E The Dysexecutive\u002FMixed group demonstrated the fastest rate of decline across all groups. Amnestic and Dysnomic groups showed steeper rates of decline than CDNs. While CDNs had more functional difficulty than NCs across visits, both groups’ mean FAQ scores remained below its suggested cutoff at all visits. \u003Cspan class=\"bold\"\u003EConclusions:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Results (a) show the importance of executive dysfunction in the context of other impaired cognitive domains when predicting functional decline in at-risk elders, and (b) support our previous work demonstrating that ADNI’s MCI criteria may have resulted in false-positive MCI diagnoses, given the CDN’s better FAQ trajectory than those of the cognitively impaired MCI groups. (\u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003EJINS\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 2017, \u003Cspan class=\"italic\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, 521–527)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",lang:E}]},content:{html:b,tableOfContent:[],footnotes:[{content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"fn\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"label\"\u003E*\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cp\u003EData used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and\u002For provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fadni.loni.usc.edu\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002Fhow_to_apply\u002FADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf\"\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fadni.loni.usc.edu\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002Fhow_to_apply\u002FADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",targetId:"fn1"}],fulltextNotes:[],references:[{item:[],id:"reference-header-xz759",title:"REFERENCES",description:b},{id:"manual_ref-2",displayNumber:b,existInContent:a,content:"\u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EAlbert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EM.S.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDeKosky\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ES.T.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDickson\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ED.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EDubois\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EB.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFeldman\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EH.H.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EFox\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EN.C.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, & \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EPhelps\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EC.H.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2011\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E). \u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EThe diagnosis of mild 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class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ETuokko\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EH.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EMorris\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EC.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, & \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EEbert\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EP.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2005\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E). \u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EMild cognitive impairment and everyday functioning in older adults\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\"source\"\u003ENeurocase\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"volume\"\u003E11\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\"issue\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E), \u003Cspan class=\"fpage\"\u003E40\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E–\u003Cspan 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class=\"surname\"\u003EMarsiske\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EM.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ECook\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ES.E.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003EUnverzagt\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EF.W.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERosenberg\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003EA.L.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, & \u003Cspan class=\"name\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"surname\"\u003ERexroth\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\"given-names\"\u003ED.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\"year\"\u003E2007\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E). \u003Cspan class=\"article-title\"\u003EChanges in everyday 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disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease","7","10.1016\u002Fj.jalz.2011.03.008","Everyday functioning in mild cognitive impairment and its relationship with executive cognition","International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","Cortical amyloid burden differences across empirically-derived mild cognitive impairment subtypes and interaction with APOE ε4 genotype","10.3233\u002FJAD-150900","Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment improves diagnostic precision, biomarker associations, and progression rates","Tests of executive function predict instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older individuals","Applied Neuropsychology","2002","A power primer","Psychological Bulletin","159","10.1037\u002F0033-2909.112.1.155","Susceptibility of the conventional criteria for mild cognitive impairment to false-positive diagnostic errors","Heterogeneous cortical atrophy patterns in MCI not captured by conventional diagnostic criteria","10.1212\u002FWNL.0000000000003326","An examination of instrumental activities of daily living assessment in older adults and mild cognitive impairment","Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology","34","10.1080\u002F13803395.2011.614598","Functional disability in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","Neuropsychology Review","10.1007\u002Fs11065-016-9321-5","Examination of variables that may affect the relationship between cognition and functional status in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis","Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","123","147","Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) clinical characterization","10.1212\u002FWNL.0b013e3181cb3e25","Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community","Journal of Gerontology","The Cognitive correlates of functional status: A review from the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association","The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","2007","Assessment of functional change and cognitive correlates in the progression from healthy cognitive aging to dementia","28","Missing data: Our view of the state of the art","Psychological Methods","Subtle deficits in instrumental activities of daily living in subtypes of mild cognitive impairment","Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders","10.1159\u002F000313540","Utility of the Functional Activities Questionnaire for distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from very mild Alzheimer’s disease","Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders","Verbal prompting to improve everyday cognition in MCI and unimpaired older adults","Longitudinal changes in memory and executive functioning are associated with longitudinal change in instrumental activities of daily living in older adults","The Clinical Neuropsychologist","10.1080\u002F13854040802360558","Mild cognitive impairment and everyday functioning in older adults","Neurocase","Changes in everyday function in individuals with psychometrically defined mild cognitive impairment in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly Study","Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"));</script><script src="/core/page-component/06cd607.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/20147ec.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/722ace3.js" defer></script><script src="/core/page-component/6f4302c.js" defer></script> </div> </div> <div id="article-new-home-productCitations" class="product-citations-modal reveal-modal medium" data-reveal role="dialog" aria-labelledby="article-new-home-citedByModalHeader"> <div class="header"> <div class="heading_07 margin-bottom" id="article-new-home-citedByModalHeader">Cited by</div> </div> <div class="citation-content"> <div class="row collapse header margin-top productCitations-content"> <ul class="small-12 small-centered columns citations"> <li 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