Non-métaux et composés dérivés - Classification thématique

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</a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Halogènes et composés dérivés" href="/classification/chimie/chimie-inorganique-ou-chimie-minerale/composes-chimie-minerale/elements-chimiques-et-composes-derives/non-metaux-et-composes-derives/halogenes-et-composes-derives/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Halogènes et composés dérivés </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 10 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 12 médias </span> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-articles" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Articles </h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/ammoniac/"> <span class="rg">AMMONIAC</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Henri GUÉRIN</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 035 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AMMONIAC" href="/encyclopedie/ammoniac/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Atelier de synthèse - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/5/csm_v020216c_844d4168fc.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>L'ammoniac est surtout connu par sa synthèse qui, en apportant une solution au problème de la fixation de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L' azote est un gaz incolore, inodore et sans saveur qui constitue un peu plus des trois quarts du volume de l'atmosphère. Il existe également dans les fumerolles volcaniques.. Certaines météorites en renferment et, par des méthodes spectroscopiques, on a mis sa présence en évidence dans le Soleil et de nombreuses étoiles .. Bien que ses composés soient présents dans un grand nomb..." title="Article : AZOTE" href="/encyclopedie/azote/">azote</a> de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le globe terrestre est entouré d'une atmosphère constituée d'un mélange gazeux nommé air, qui s'étend de la surface du sol jusqu'à une altitude d'environ 150 kilomètres.. La pression de l'air au niveau de la mer a longtemps servi d'unité de pression (atmosphère) ; elle décroît si l'on s'élève et, vers 130 kilomètres, le vide est comparable à celui que l'on peut obtenir en labo..." title="Article : AIR" href="/encyclopedie/air/">air</a>, a révolutionné l'industrie chimique, ouvrant la voie à une technique nouvelle : celle des opérations sous pression. Il constitue maintenant l'un des produits chimiques...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/ion-ammonium/"> <span class="rg">AMMONIUM </span><span class="pc">ION</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Dina SURDIN</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">74 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> L'ion ammonium, NH<span class="sup-sub"><sup>+</sup><sub>4</sub></span>, présente des propriétés basiques et peut être comparé aux ions des métaux alcalins. L'ion ammonium se combine à l'oxhydrile OH<sup>—</sup> pour donner l'ammoniaque NH<sub>4</sub>OH.</p><p>Le chlorure d'ammonium, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, est employé dans les piles sèches comme électrolyte....</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/arsenic/"> <span class="rg">ARSENIC</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean PERROTEY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 499 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ARSENIC" href="/encyclopedie/arsenic/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Arsenic : formules 1 à 4 - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/3/csm_de041472_833ac0b9c1.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>L'arsenic est l'élément chimique de symbole As et de numéro atomique 33. Bien qu'il soit très répandu dans le règne minéral et dans les organismes vivants, une quarantaine d'éléments sur quatre-vingt-douze sont plus abondants que lui ; il ne représente qu'environ cinq millionièmes en masse de la croûte...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/azote/"> <span class="rg">AZOTE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> et <span rel="author">Paul HAGENMULLER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 446 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AZOTE" href="/encyclopedie/azote/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Hybridation - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/6/csm_v030682_0183a0b22b.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>L' azote est un gaz incolore, inodore et sans saveur qui constitue un peu plus des trois quarts du volume de l'atmosphère. Il existe également dans les fumerolles volcaniques.</p><p>Certaines <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Les météorites sont des objets naturels venant de l'espace et atteignant la Terre. Bien qu'elles aient été signalées dès l'Antiquité, la première des chutes de pierres bien observée, et dont il existe encore des échantillons, est celle qui est survenue le 16 novembre 1492, à Ensisheim en Alsace, mais l'origine extraterrestre des météorites n'a été acceptée par la communauté scie..." title="Article : MÉTÉORITES" href="/encyclopedie/meteorites/">météorites</a> en renferment et, par des méthodes spectroscopiques, on a mis sa présence en évidence dans...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/bore/"> <span class="rg">BORE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean CUEILLERON</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 305 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : BORE" href="/encyclopedie/bore/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Composés hétérocycliques - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/0/csm_v040346_9ecd26be1c.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Le bore est l'élément chimique de symbole B et de numéro atomique Z = 5. Bien que sa chimie soit mal connue et en pleine évolution, les emplois de ses dérivés sont anciens, nombreux et importants.</p><p>Au début du Moyen Âge, on importait en Europe du borax, venu des Indes, sous des noms (d'origine...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/carbone/"> <span class="rg">CARBONE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean AMIEL</span> et <span rel="author">Henry BRUSSET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">8 258 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">11 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : CARBONE" href="/encyclopedie/carbone/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Carbonyles - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/1/csm_v040989b_8893bd0051.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Le carbone est l'élément chimique non métallique de symbole C et de numéro atomique 6. Il est présent dans de nombreux composés naturels : gaz carbonique de l'atmosphère, roches <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Une roche est dite calcaire si elle renferme au moins 50 p. 100 de carbonate de chaux (CaCO 3 ), généralement représenté par de la calcite , plus rarement par de l' aragonite ; les minéraux les plus fréquemment associés au carbonate de chaux dans les roches calcaires sont la dolomite, CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 , et les minéraux argileux.. Les roches calcaires constituent environ 20 p. 100 de l..." title="Article : CALCAIRES" href="/encyclopedie/calcaires/">calcaires</a>, combustibles (gaz, pétrole, charbons minéraux). C'est de plus un constituant fondamental de la...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/decouverte-de-l-hydrogene-par-cavendish/"> <span class="rg">DÉCOUVERTE DE L'HYDROGÈNE PAR CAVENDISH</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bernard PIRE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">728 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> L’article envoyé en mai 1766 par l’honorable <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de HENRY CAVENDISH (1731-1810). En découvrant la composition élémentaire de l'eau, et en précisant celle de l' air , Cavendish a rompu de façon décisive le cercle dans lequel sensation et représentation étaient enfermées depuis l'Antiquité. C'est dans son œuvre que les éléments « naturels » perdent leur privilège de fondement principiel au profit des éléments chimi..." title="Article : HENRY CAVENDISH (1731-1810)" href="/encyclopedie/henry-cavendish/">Henry Cavendish</a> (1731-1810) à la Royal Society, dont il est membre, décrit de façon magistrale la découverte d’un gaz léger s’échappant de certaines réactions chimiques : l’hydrogène. Ces travaux, publiés dans la livraison datée du 1...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/deuterium/"> <span class="rg">DEUTÉRIUM</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Akli HAMMADI</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">879 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>En 1932, H. C. Urey, F. G. Brickwedde et G. M. Murphy mettent en évidence l'existence du deutérium, isotope de l'atome d'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'hydrogène est un gaz inodore et incolore ; c'est le plus léger de tous les éléments chimiques. Son numéro atomique est égal à 1. Il perd son électron unique dans ses combinaisons avec les éléments non-métalliques ; il s'unit également avec les métaux pour donner des hydrures dans lesquels il peut jouer le rôle d'anion (H - ). Enfin les composés les plus nombreux et notamment tou..." title="Article : HYDROGÈNE" href="/encyclopedie/hydrogene/">hydrogène</a>, en analysant les raies du spectre de Balmer issues d'un résidu lourd de distillation fractionnée d'hydrogène liquide. Ces résultats furent confirmés...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/germanium/"> <span class="rg">GERMANIUM</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">332 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> De <em>Germania</em>, Allemagne</p><p>Symbole chimique : Ge</p><p>Numéro atomique : 32</p><p>Masse atomique : 72,59</p><p>Point de fusion : 937,4 <sup>0</sup>C</p><p>Point d'ébullition : 2 830 <sup>0</sup>C</p><p>Densité (à 20 <sup>0</sup>C) : 5,32.</p><p>Semi-métal argenté qui a été découvert par Clemens Winkler dans l'argyrodite (Ag<sub>4</sub>GeS<sub>4</sub>, 2 Ag<sub>2</sub>S) et dont...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/hydrogene/"> <span class="rg">HYDROGÈNE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Paul HAGENMULLER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 540 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : HYDROG&Egrave;NE" href="/encyclopedie/hydrogene/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Diborane - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/d/csm_v110783b_5b8456c7f9.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>L'hydrogène est un gaz inodore et incolore ; c'est le plus léger de tous les éléments chimiques. Son numéro atomique est égal à 1. Il perd son électron unique dans ses combinaisons avec les éléments non-métalliques ; il s'unit également avec les métaux pour donner des hydrures dans lesquels il peut jouer...</p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col mt-3"> <ul class="d-print-none pagination justify-content-center"> <li class="page-item active"> <span class="page-link">1</span> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/chimie/chimie-inorganique-ou-chimie-minerale/composes-chimie-minerale/elements-chimiques-et-composes-derives/non-metaux-et-composes-derives/2/"> 2 </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/chimie/chimie-inorganique-ou-chimie-minerale/composes-chimie-minerale/elements-chimiques-et-composes-derives/non-metaux-et-composes-derives/3/"> 3 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-medias" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Médias </h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="T070490B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Ammoniac : pays producteurs" href="/media/ammoniac-pays-producteurs-t070490b/"> <img id="T070490B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/b/csm_t070490b_ccd8e4d9f6.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Ammoniac : pays producteurs - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="tabl. 3 - Principaux pays producteurs d'ammoniac en 2003 (en millions de t d'azote)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="738" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ammoniac : pays producteurs </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="T070490A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Ammoniac : production" href="/media/ammoniac-production-t070490a/"> <img id="T070490A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/0/csm_t070490a_be0e2d1857.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Ammoniac : production - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="tabl. 2 - Production d'ammoniac (en milliers de t d'azote)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="638" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ammoniac : production </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V020214" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Ammoniac : propriétés physiques" href="/media/ammoniac-proprietes-physiques-v020214/"> <img id="V020214" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/7/csm_v020214_34748b91bb.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Ammoniac : propriétés physiques - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Propriétés physiques de l'ammoniac." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1881" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ammoniac : propriétés physiques </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="T070490C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Ammoniac : teneur des gaz à l'équilibre" href="/media/ammoniac-teneur-des-gaz-a-lequilibre-t070490c/"> <img id="T070490C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/2/csm_t070490c_272b8289d6.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Ammoniac : teneur des gaz à l'équilibre - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Teneur en ammoniac des gaz à l'équilibre (en pourcentage)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ammoniac : teneur des gaz à l'équilibre </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="DE072555" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Arrangement structural de la molécule P<inf>4</inf>O<inf>10</inf>" href="/media/arrangement-structural-de-la-molecule-p4o10-de072555/"> <img id="DE072555" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/9/csm_de072555_43655cf1a9.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Arrangement structural de la molécule P<inf>4</inf>O<inf>10</inf> - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Arrangement structural de la molécule P4O10. Il existe deux types de distance phosphore-oxygène : POI des liaisons P-O-P (0,160 nm) et P-OII des liaisons P=O non partagées (0,143 nm)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1758" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Arrangement structural de la molécule P<inf>4</inf>O<inf>10</inf> </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="DE041472" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Arsenic : formules 1 à 4" href="/media/arsenic-formules-1-a-4-de041472/"> <img id="DE041472" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/3/csm_de041472_539c3bdd3b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Arsenic : formules 1 à 4 - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Tripxyl (1), N-phénylglycinamide-p-arsinate de sodium (2), acétarsone (3), arsénobenzol (4)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1357" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Arsenic : formules 1 à 4 </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="TA040003" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Arsenic : propriétés physiques" href="/media/arsenic-proprietes-physiques-ta040003/"> <img id="TA040003" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/1/csm_ta040003_cc3602ca7c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Arsenic : propriétés physiques - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Propriétés physiques de l'arsenic." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1601" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Arsenic : propriétés physiques </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040343" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Boranes" href="/media/boranes-v040343/"> <img id="V040343" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/1/csm_v040343_6638781c98.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Boranes - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Trois molécules de boranes. Les sphères foncées représentent les atomes de bore ; les sphères claires, les atomes d'hydrogène. Dans le diborane, les deux groupes BH3 sont liés par des «ponts hydrogène». Deux électrons sont communs à trois atomes, (deux de bore et un d'hydrogène).…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="760" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Boranes </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040342" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Bore" href="/media/bore-v040342/"> <img id="V040342" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/4/csm_v040342_c18891ba72.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Bore - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Structure icosaédrique du bore et de certains de ses dérivés." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bore </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040989B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Carbonyles" href="/media/carbonyles-v040989b/"> <img id="V040989B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/1/csm_v040989b_e7edd4346a.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Carbonyles - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Exemples de carbonyles polynucléaires." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="266" height="484" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Carbonyles </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V180111C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Composés binaires du phosphore" href="/media/composes-binaires-du-phosphore-v180111c/"> <img id="V180111C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/9/csm_v180111c_b742f7766d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Composés binaires du phosphore - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Structure pyramidale des composés binaires du phosphore." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1500" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Composés binaires du phosphore </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040346" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Composés hétérocycliques" href="/media/composes-heterocycliques-v040346/"> <img id="V040346" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/0/csm_v040346_681cb1a21b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Composés hétérocycliques - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Composés hétérocycliques du bore. Quelques-uns sont chimiquement analogues à des hydrocarbures. Le cas du borazole et du benzène est le plus frappant. On explique ce phénomène par le fait que le bore et l'azote entourent le carbone dans la classification périodique. Le bore a un électron de moins,…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1020" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Composés hétérocycliques </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V18N0017" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Composés organophosphorés non classiques stables" href="/media/composes-organophosphores-non-classiques-stables-v18n0017/"> <img id="V18N0017" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/e/csm_v18n0017_ed3644ef9a.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Composés organophosphorés non classiques stables - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Quelques composés organophosphorés non classiques stables." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="602" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Composés organophosphorés non classiques stables </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V18N0016" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Composés organophosphorés" href="/media/composes-organophosphores-v18n0016/"> <img id="V18N0016" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/4/csm_v18n0016_949c82a1e3.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Composés organophosphorés - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Nomenclature des composés organophosphorés." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1272" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Composés organophosphorés </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V210361C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Consommation annuelle" href="/media/consommation-annuelle-v210361c/"> <img id="V210361C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/f/csm_v210361c_26be92f511.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Consommation annuelle - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Consommation annuelle de soufre (en kg) par tête d'habitant." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1355" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Consommation annuelle </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V210363B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Cycle chez les organismes vivants" href="/media/cycle-chez-les-organismes-vivants-v210363b/"> <img id="V210363B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/2/csm_v210363b_a8bf9b09de.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Cycle chez les organismes vivants - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Schéma du cycle du soufre chez les organismes vivants." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Cycle chez les organismes vivants </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040986" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Diamant : propriétés physiques" href="/media/diamant-proprietes-physiques-v040986/"> <img id="V040986" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/e/csm_v040986_6d91c27986.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Diamant : propriétés physiques - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Propriétés physiques du carbone (diamant)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1175" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Diamant : propriétés physiques </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040987A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Diamant : structure" href="/media/diamant-structure-v040987a/"> <img id="V040987A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/2/csm_v040987a_a96f15b5fa.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Diamant : structure - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="La structure cubique du diamant comporte un atome central entouré de quatre autres atomes, sommets d'un tétraèdre." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1860" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Diamant : structure </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V110783B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Diborane" href="/media/diborane-v110783b/"> <img id="V110783B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/d/csm_v110783b_a5f94dac80.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Diborane - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Synergie de la liaison hydrogène (a) et un exemple de liaisons à trois centres : le diborane (b)" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1660" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Diborane </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040989A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Dissociation de l'oxyde de carbone" href="/media/dissociation-de-loxyde-de-carbone-v040989a/"> <img id="V040989A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/6/csm_v040989a_71f1b52c6f.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Dissociation de l'oxyde de carbone - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Dissociation de l'oxyde de carbone." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="210" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Dissociation de l'oxyde de carbone </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V110781A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Énergie de la liaison H-X" href="/media/energie-de-la-liaison-h-x-v110781a/"> <img id="V110781A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/e/csm_v110781a_8575b5add0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Énergie de la liaison H-X - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les différentes classes d'hydrures" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1080" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Énergie de la liaison H-X </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040987B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : États du carbone" href="/media/etats-du-carbone-v040987b/"> <img id="V040987B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/c/csm_v040987b_5b9238f142.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="États du carbone - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Le diagramme d'états physiques du carbone. Une courbe assez rectiligne dans le plan pression-température sépare le domaine de stabilité du graphite du domaine de stabilité du diamant. Il y a un point triple auquel aboutit cette courbe et qui correspond à la coexistence du graphite, du diamant et du…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1962" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> États du carbone </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V040987C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Graphite : représentations schématiques" href="/media/graphite-representations-schematiques-v040987c/"> <img id="V040987C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/1/csm_v040987c_fce6f6630a.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Graphite : représentations schématiques - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Le graphite est formé de plans parallèles d'atomes de carbone disposés suivant des hexagones réguliers partageant toutes leurs arêtes et leurs sommets (a). Il y a deux possibilités d'organisation naturelle de ces plans. En effet, selon une direction perpendiculaire à celle des plans d'atomes en…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="620" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Graphite : représentations schématiques </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V18N0015" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Halogénures de phosphore" href="/media/halogenures-de-phosphore-v18n0015/"> <img id="V18N0015" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/1/csm_v18n0015_567437525c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Halogénures de phosphore - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Principaux halogénures de phosphore." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="778" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Halogénures de phosphore </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V210363A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Hétérocycles" href="/media/heterocycles-v210363a/"> <img id="V210363A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/9/csm_v210363a_da711322d5.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Hétérocycles - 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